高中英语 Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Nature World 第3课时 Grammar同步课件 外研版必修4
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| 名称 | 高中英语 Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Nature World 第3课时 Grammar同步课件 外研版必修4 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2013-02-21 12:11:33 | ||
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课件33张PPT。1．adapt v.
1)(使)适应；(使)适合
He adapted himself to cold weather.他适应了寒冷的天气。
2)改编；改装
Here is a letter adapted from“Dear Abby”， Philadephia Bulletin, on March 9, 1973.
这里摘登一封“亲爱的爱华”的回信，刊登在1973年3月9日的《费城公报》上。知识拓展
adapt for 使适合于；为……改编(改写)
adapt from 根据……改写(改编)
adapt sth. to 使某事物适应或适合
adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事
注意：该词的词形与adopt vt.“采用；收养”和adept adj. “内行的；熟练的”较为相似，要注意区分它们。高考直击
(2009·浙江)The good thing about children is that they ________ very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
解析：考查动词词义辨析。adapt“适应”；appeal“吸引；呼吁”；attach“吸附”；apply“申请”。句意：孩子有个好处就是他们很容易适应新的环境。故选A。
答案：A即学即用
When they came to a new country; they found it difficult to________themselves to new circumstances.
A．apply B．accept
C．admit D．adapt
答案：D2．evolve v. 发展；进化；演变
助记evolve①He has evolved his own writing style.
他已形成了自己的写作风格。
②The small company has evolved into a big international firm.
这家小公司已发展成为一家大型的跨国公司。即学即用
Some people believe that we________from the apes.
A．evolved B．came
C．involved D．evolution
答案：A1．be related (to) 和……有联系；和……有关系；有亲属关系
①Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪都与滥用毒品有关。
②Are you related to Mary?
你与玛丽是亲戚吗？知识拓展
1)relate v. 联系；使有联系；把……联系在一起；叙述
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。
2)relate to涉及；与……相关；理解并同情；了解
①We should discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.
我们应当针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.
第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。
③Many adults can't relate to children.
许多成年人并不了解儿童的想法。
3)(派)related adj. 有关的；联系的
relatedness n. 有关
relationship n. 关系；关联
relation n. 联系；关联；关系
relativity n. 相对性
relative adj. 有关联的；有关系的即学即用
The matter________your study surely requires________carefully.
A．relating to; dealing with
B．related to; dealt with
C．related to; being dealt with
D．relating to; having dealt with
答案：A2．die out
1)(指宗族、物种)灭绝；灭亡
This kind of bird is dying out.
这种鸟正在濒临灭绝。
2)(习俗等)渐渐消失
Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗正在日渐消失。知识拓展
die away 逐渐停止；逐渐消失
die off 相继死去
die down 逐渐减弱；逐渐模糊；平息；平静
die of... 因……而死(因疾病，饥寒，情感等而死)
die from... 因……而死(因外因而死)
即学即用
The moth's habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly________.
A．died away B．died down
C．died out D．died from
答案：C may/might＋have＋过去分词：表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，即说话人认为过去某事发生的可能性或某状态存在的可能性。可用于肯定句(意思是“可能已经”)和否定句(意思是“可能没有”)；might的语气没有may那么肯定。
①He may not have finished the work.
他可能还没有完成那项工作。
②He might not have got your letter.
他或许没有收到你的来信。
③How quickly time passed! It might have happened yesterday.时间过得好快啊！这事好像就发生在昨天。
但有时might可用来表示过去可能发生而没发生的事情。
You were so careless that day. You might have made a bad mistake.
那天你太粗心了，你有可能会犯错误的。(事实上并没有犯错误)知识拓展
其他“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的用法
1)“must＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去的某事做出的肯定判断。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
地面很湿，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
2)“can/could＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去某种行为或存在的状态进行否定推测。can常用于否定句(意思是“不可能已经”)和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外，还可用于肯定句(意思是“那时可能；本来可以，但实际并未发生”。)①Don't worry—they could have just forgotten to phone.
别担心——他们很可能只是忘了打电话。
②He cannot have been to that town.
他根本不可能去过那座城市。
③Can he have got the book?
他会有那本书吗？
④The snowstorm was terrible that day. You could have lost your way.
那天暴风雪是可怕的，你本可能会迷路的。(事实上你并没有迷路)3)“need＋have＋过去分词”常用于否定句，表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情或过去做某事纯属多余，含有“根本不必；本来不必”之意，也可用于疑问句。
①You needn't have told them that.
你没有必要告诉他们那个。
②Need they have done it last week?
他们上周做这事有必要吗？4)“should/ought to＋have＋过去分词”的肯定式表示“过去本应做某事(但实际上却没做)”；其否定表示“过去不该做某事(但却做了)”。含有不满或责备之意。
①You should(ought to)have asked for my permission.
你本应征求我的同意。(事实上，你并没有请求我准许)
②You shouldn't(oughtn't to)have kept the books in the damp place.
你本不应该把那些书放在潮湿的地方。(实际上已放潮湿的地方了。)5)“would＋have＋过去分词”表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做，通常用来说明某种情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。
I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill.
我本来要早点给你写信的，但我生病了。高考直击
(1)(2008·重庆)—I can't find my purse anywhere.
—You________have lost it while shopping.
A．may B．can
C．should D．would
解析：本题主要考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。句意为：“——我到处都找不到钱包”。“——你也许在购物时把它丢了”。肯定句中对过去情况的推测应用may/might have done而can/should have done多表对过去能/该做而未做的事情的一种责备或不满，would have done表推测时多用于否定句中或表示“当时就做……了”。
答案：A(2)(2008·天津)She________have left school, for her bike is still here.
A．can't B．wouldn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
解析：考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：她一定还没有离校，她的自行车还在。can用于否定句，表示某事肯定不真实。其它三项都不表推测。
答案：A(3)(2008·江西)What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he________better.
A．need have done B．must have done
C．can have done D．might have done
解析：考查情态动词与虚拟语气。what a pity表明了一种遗憾的语气。句意为“太可惜了！就能力和经验而言，他应该/或许/一定会做得更好些的。”A明显不正确：B项与上文矛盾，C项中表达虚拟语气应把can改为could，表示对过去的事情进行推测；只有D项might表示对过去的事情的肯定的推测，意为“或许”。
答案：D(4)(2010·山东卷，25)I________have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
A．shouldn't B．needn't
C．couldn't D．mustn't
解析：句意：我不该看那部电影的，那会让我做噩梦。考查情态动词。shouldn't“不应该”；needn't“不必”；couldn't“不可能”；mustn't不与have done连用。
答案：A(5)(2008·江苏)—She looks very happy. She________have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It's not difficult after all.
A．should B．could
C．must D．might
解析：对过去事情的推测用must have done.
答案：C(6)(2010·天津卷，9)Mark________have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn't B．wouldn't
C．mustn't D．couldn't
解析：句意：迈克没有必要急急忙忙。高速行驶之后，他提前半小时到达了。needn't have done表示“本不必干某事而干了”；wouldn't have done表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；must have done表示对过去事实的肯定推测，此结构不能用于否定式；couldn't have done表示对过去事实的否定推测。根据句意A项正确。
答案：A(7)(2010·安徽卷，32)Jack described his father, who________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
A．would be B．would have been
C．must be D．must have been
解析：句意：杰克把多年以前是个勇敢男孩的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人。表示对过去情况的推测，要用must have done结构，故选D。
答案：D
1)(使)适应；(使)适合
He adapted himself to cold weather.他适应了寒冷的天气。
2)改编；改装
Here is a letter adapted from“Dear Abby”， Philadephia Bulletin, on March 9, 1973.
这里摘登一封“亲爱的爱华”的回信，刊登在1973年3月9日的《费城公报》上。知识拓展
adapt for 使适合于；为……改编(改写)
adapt from 根据……改写(改编)
adapt sth. to 使某事物适应或适合
adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事
注意：该词的词形与adopt vt.“采用；收养”和adept adj. “内行的；熟练的”较为相似，要注意区分它们。高考直击
(2009·浙江)The good thing about children is that they ________ very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
解析：考查动词词义辨析。adapt“适应”；appeal“吸引；呼吁”；attach“吸附”；apply“申请”。句意：孩子有个好处就是他们很容易适应新的环境。故选A。
答案：A即学即用
When they came to a new country; they found it difficult to________themselves to new circumstances.
A．apply B．accept
C．admit D．adapt
答案：D2．evolve v. 发展；进化；演变
助记evolve①He has evolved his own writing style.
他已形成了自己的写作风格。
②The small company has evolved into a big international firm.
这家小公司已发展成为一家大型的跨国公司。即学即用
Some people believe that we________from the apes.
A．evolved B．came
C．involved D．evolution
答案：A1．be related (to) 和……有联系；和……有关系；有亲属关系
①Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪都与滥用毒品有关。
②Are you related to Mary?
你与玛丽是亲戚吗？知识拓展
1)relate v. 联系；使有联系；把……联系在一起；叙述
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。
2)relate to涉及；与……相关；理解并同情；了解
①We should discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.
我们应当针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.
第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。
③Many adults can't relate to children.
许多成年人并不了解儿童的想法。
3)(派)related adj. 有关的；联系的
relatedness n. 有关
relationship n. 关系；关联
relation n. 联系；关联；关系
relativity n. 相对性
relative adj. 有关联的；有关系的即学即用
The matter________your study surely requires________carefully.
A．relating to; dealing with
B．related to; dealt with
C．related to; being dealt with
D．relating to; having dealt with
答案：A2．die out
1)(指宗族、物种)灭绝；灭亡
This kind of bird is dying out.
这种鸟正在濒临灭绝。
2)(习俗等)渐渐消失
Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多旧习俗正在日渐消失。知识拓展
die away 逐渐停止；逐渐消失
die off 相继死去
die down 逐渐减弱；逐渐模糊；平息；平静
die of... 因……而死(因疾病，饥寒，情感等而死)
die from... 因……而死(因外因而死)
即学即用
The moth's habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly________.
A．died away B．died down
C．died out D．died from
答案：C may/might＋have＋过去分词：表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，即说话人认为过去某事发生的可能性或某状态存在的可能性。可用于肯定句(意思是“可能已经”)和否定句(意思是“可能没有”)；might的语气没有may那么肯定。
①He may not have finished the work.
他可能还没有完成那项工作。
②He might not have got your letter.
他或许没有收到你的来信。
③How quickly time passed! It might have happened yesterday.时间过得好快啊！这事好像就发生在昨天。
但有时might可用来表示过去可能发生而没发生的事情。
You were so careless that day. You might have made a bad mistake.
那天你太粗心了，你有可能会犯错误的。(事实上并没有犯错误)知识拓展
其他“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的用法
1)“must＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去的某事做出的肯定判断。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
地面很湿，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
2)“can/could＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去某种行为或存在的状态进行否定推测。can常用于否定句(意思是“不可能已经”)和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外，还可用于肯定句(意思是“那时可能；本来可以，但实际并未发生”。)①Don't worry—they could have just forgotten to phone.
别担心——他们很可能只是忘了打电话。
②He cannot have been to that town.
他根本不可能去过那座城市。
③Can he have got the book?
他会有那本书吗？
④The snowstorm was terrible that day. You could have lost your way.
那天暴风雪是可怕的，你本可能会迷路的。(事实上你并没有迷路)3)“need＋have＋过去分词”常用于否定句，表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情或过去做某事纯属多余，含有“根本不必；本来不必”之意，也可用于疑问句。
①You needn't have told them that.
你没有必要告诉他们那个。
②Need they have done it last week?
他们上周做这事有必要吗？4)“should/ought to＋have＋过去分词”的肯定式表示“过去本应做某事(但实际上却没做)”；其否定表示“过去不该做某事(但却做了)”。含有不满或责备之意。
①You should(ought to)have asked for my permission.
你本应征求我的同意。(事实上，你并没有请求我准许)
②You shouldn't(oughtn't to)have kept the books in the damp place.
你本不应该把那些书放在潮湿的地方。(实际上已放潮湿的地方了。)5)“would＋have＋过去分词”表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做，通常用来说明某种情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。
I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill.
我本来要早点给你写信的，但我生病了。高考直击
(1)(2008·重庆)—I can't find my purse anywhere.
—You________have lost it while shopping.
A．may B．can
C．should D．would
解析：本题主要考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。句意为：“——我到处都找不到钱包”。“——你也许在购物时把它丢了”。肯定句中对过去情况的推测应用may/might have done而can/should have done多表对过去能/该做而未做的事情的一种责备或不满，would have done表推测时多用于否定句中或表示“当时就做……了”。
答案：A(2)(2008·天津)She________have left school, for her bike is still here.
A．can't B．wouldn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
解析：考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：她一定还没有离校，她的自行车还在。can用于否定句，表示某事肯定不真实。其它三项都不表推测。
答案：A(3)(2008·江西)What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he________better.
A．need have done B．must have done
C．can have done D．might have done
解析：考查情态动词与虚拟语气。what a pity表明了一种遗憾的语气。句意为“太可惜了！就能力和经验而言，他应该/或许/一定会做得更好些的。”A明显不正确：B项与上文矛盾，C项中表达虚拟语气应把can改为could，表示对过去的事情进行推测；只有D项might表示对过去的事情的肯定的推测，意为“或许”。
答案：D(4)(2010·山东卷，25)I________have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
A．shouldn't B．needn't
C．couldn't D．mustn't
解析：句意：我不该看那部电影的，那会让我做噩梦。考查情态动词。shouldn't“不应该”；needn't“不必”；couldn't“不可能”；mustn't不与have done连用。
答案：A(5)(2008·江苏)—She looks very happy. She________have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It's not difficult after all.
A．should B．could
C．must D．might
解析：对过去事情的推测用must have done.
答案：C(6)(2010·天津卷，9)Mark________have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn't B．wouldn't
C．mustn't D．couldn't
解析：句意：迈克没有必要急急忙忙。高速行驶之后，他提前半小时到达了。needn't have done表示“本不必干某事而干了”；wouldn't have done表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；must have done表示对过去事实的肯定推测，此结构不能用于否定式；couldn't have done表示对过去事实的否定推测。根据句意A项正确。
答案：A(7)(2010·安徽卷，32)Jack described his father, who________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
A．would be B．would have been
C．must be D．must have been
解析：句意：杰克把多年以前是个勇敢男孩的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人。表示对过去情况的推测，要用must have done结构，故选D。
答案：D