人教新目标版英语八年级下Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world?知识点学案（1课时）

教师 学生 时间和时段 2022年 月 日
学科 英语 年级 八下 教材名称 人教版 英语
授课题目 Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world 课 次 第（ ）次课
授课目标 掌握课文重点词汇和句型，能够进行简单的话题表述
教学重难点 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一．重点单词 深的adj. ______________ 沙漠 n. _______________ 人口n. ________________ 令人惊奇的adj.__________ 古代的adj. 保护；防护 v. _____________ 宽的adj. ______________ 成就 n. ______________ 疾病n . 西南的adj. _____________ 厚的；浓的 adj. ___________ 包括；包含 v. _____________ 极冷的adj. _____________ 条件；状况 n. ____________ 成功 v. 挑战v. /n. ____________ 完成；成功 v. _____________ 力量 n. ______________ 大自然 n. ______________ 海洋 n. _____________ 称..的重量 v. 濒危的adj. _____________ 研究n. v. _____________ 兴奋n. ______________ 野生的adj. _______________ 政府n. ______________ 保护 n. ________________ 二．词形转换 tour ( n. v.) —________________ (n.) 旅行者；观光者 excite(v.) —_______________ (n.) 激动；兴奋 protect(v.) — ______________ (n.) 保护 achieve(v.) — _______________ (n.) 完成；实现 ill (adj.) —_______________ (n.) 疾病 wake (v.) — _______________ (adj.) 醒着的 练习： 1.Rules on plant and animal (protect ) are playing an important role in saving the environment. 2.His father died from a terrible (ill). 3.Our ( achieve) in science and technology are changing our life greatly. 4.Every year thousands of (tour ) come to visit my hometown. 5.It’s midnight, but I am not asleep. I am still (wake). 三．重点短语 随便做某事 _________________________ 就我所知 吸入; 吞入体内 _________________________ 面对（问题、困难等）_____________________ 出生时 _________________________ 到达（某数量、程度）____________________ 走路时撞着 _________________________ 绊倒 ... 的人口 正如你所看到的 冒着生命危险做某事 ...的精神 放弃做某事 实现某人的梦想 ...的力量 为...做准备 ...的象征 死于... 砍倒；切除；删除 ...的习性/习惯 处于危险之中 成功做某事 四．重点语法 1. 【解析】大数的表达与读法 1000以上的基数词表示法：从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗点。第一个逗点前的数为thousand，第二个逗点前的数为million，第三个逗点前的数为billion。hundred 后通常加上连词and。若百位数是0，则在thousand后加and。 例：60，263，150 sixty million, two hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and fifty. 例题: The number “23,456’’can be read as “ ’’ twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six B. twenty-three thousand and four hundred fifty-six C. twenty-three thousand and four fifty-six D. two-three thousand, four and five six 2.形容词的比较级最高级构成方式: （1）规则变化 （2）不规则adj的比较级与最高级如下: 原级比较级最高级good/wellbad/badlymany/mucholdfarlittle
3.形容词和副词比较级的用法。 （1）形容词和副词的使用区分，“形修__________，副修___________”。 Tom is ___________(clever) than his cousin. He runs ____________(fast) than than Tom. 同时要注意，感官动词后用_______________(形容词/副词)。初中阶段我们常用的感官动词有五个：_________________________________. 主语+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+.. 意为：主语是二者中较。。。的那个。 Jack is the thinner of the two brothers. ________________________ 意为：越。。。越。。。 The harder you study, be better grades you’ll get. ____________________________ 意为： 越来越。。。 ________________________________________ 我们的国家正变得越来越强大。 (5) 疑问词+谓语动词+比较级，A or B？ 意为：A和B，。。。更。。。？ Which country is bigger, China or Canada 比较级前可用_________________________________ 等修饰，表示程度进一步加深。 You know even less about it than I do. 4.形容词/副词最高级的用法。 表示三者或三者以上的事物进行比较，意为“最……”形容词最高级前要用定冠词the；副词的最高级前the可省略。在形容词和副词最高级的句式中常有一个in/of短语或that从句来表示比较的范围。如： Linda has the longest hair of the three. Mary jumps highest in our class. 其中in的后面要加上表示氛围和场所的短语；of的 后面表示的是同类的人或事物。 （1）结构1：“the + 最高级+ in/of/ that…” The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. （Sahara撒哈拉） （2）结构2：疑问词+最高级, A, B or C Which is the largest, the sun, the earth or the moon Which runs fastest, a car, a train or a plane （3）结构3：one of +最高级+名词复数 _______________________________________________. Eric是我们班最聪明的学生之一。 （4）结构4：the+序数词 +最高级+名词 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 5.比较级与最高级之间的相互转化 形容词或副词最高级可与“主语+谓语动词+ 比较级than+any other +__________ 名词”或“比较级than+the+other +_____________名词”转化， 指一个人或一个物比同一范围内的任何一个都。。。 Tom is the tallest in his class. = Tom is taller than any other _______________ in his class. =Tom is taller than the other ________________ in his class. 语法练习： ( )1. — How long is the new bridge Do you know — Yes. It's about_____________ . A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters B. one thousand and one hundred fifty meters C. two thousands one hundred forty meters D. two thousands seventy and three meters ( )2.In order to pass the exam, you need to work much _____________ now. A. hard B.harder C. hardest D. hardly ( )3.Winter is _______ season, and winter vacation is _______ than summer vacation. A. colder; the shortest B. the coldest; short C.the coldest; shorter D.cold; shorter ( )4.This temple is one of _______ buildings in the town. We must take action to protect it. A.old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest ( )5.Bob jumps farther than in his class. A.any other boys B.the other boys C.any boy D.other boys ( )6.— Which country has the _______ population in the world — China. It's a little _______ than that of India. A.most; most B.biggest; bigger C. more; most D.bigger; biggest 五．重要知识点讲解 1. China has the biggest population in the world. 【解析】population n. 人口；人口数量，是一个集合名词常与定冠词the 连用，单独做主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式. The world’s population is larger and larger. 【拓展】①分数或百分数修饰population时，谓语动词常用复数 About sixty percent of the population in China are farmers. ②表示人口的多与少时，用_____________ 或______________ ③询问人口时用What's the population of … It's about 1.4 billion. ④某地有多少人口时，用“have/has a population of+数字” 或“The population is +数字” China has a population of about 1.3 billion.=The population of China is about 1.3 billion. 例题: The (人口) of China is the in the world. 中国人口数量是世界上最大的。 2.Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. (1) 【解析】include v. 包含、包括 The price includes house and furniture. 【拓展】included adj. 一般位于名词或代词之后做后置定语 例：Everyone is here, me included. including 与名词、代词一起形成介词短语 例：Everyone is here, including me. (2)【解析】freezing adj. 极冷的，冰冻的 例：It was freezing that morning. 【拓展】freezing n. 冰点 freeze（froze，frozen ） v. 结冰，结冻 例： Water freezes below freezing. 冰点以下水结冰。 frozen adj.冰的 例： I don't like to eat frozen food. 3.One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. (1)【解析】 challenge v. 挑战 challenge sb. to (do) sth.向某人挑战做某事 例：He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑战下象棋。 n. 挑战 例：accept the challenge （2）【解析】face n. 面孔，脸孔 in the face of意为“面对（问题、困难）” 例：He showed great bravery in the face of danger. v. 面对，面朝 例：face the challenge 例题：We should the bravely instead of giving up. 我们应该勇敢地面对挑战而不是放弃。 The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. (1)【解析】 achieve v. 达成，实现 achievement n. 成绩，成就 achieve one's+....(dream/ success/ victory/aim) 例：Everyone should be given the chance to achieve their aims. (2)与come true区分 achieve常用作及物动词，主语是人，其宾语可以是“实现”的目标，目的等；也可以是“取得”的胜利、成功、地位等。come true不及物动词短语；其主语是希望、愿望、梦想等， 不能用于被动语态。
achieve our dreams = make our dream come true. (3)【解析】show 动词时常用短语：表展示，给...看，show sb around a place,带领某人参观某地。 show off 炫耀。 例题：We all hope our dreams will , though it is not easy to them. 尽管实现梦想不容易，但我们都希望梦想成真。 It also shows us that humans can sometimes be stronger than the force of nature. (1)【解析】force n. 力量 the force of nature 自然的力量 v．强迫、迫使 force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事 They forced him to leave the small town. (2)【解析】nature n. 大自然、自然界 例：They stopped to enjoy the beauty of nature. natural adj. 自然的，天生的 例：The country’s natural resources include forest, coal and oil. 例题：He is a musician. (天生的) 6.weighs 5,000 kilos 【解析】此处为系动词, 意为“重量是…”. He weighs 60 kilos.他重60公斤。 对重量进行提问常用：How much do/does/did .....weigh = How heavy.... 【拓展】weigh,及物动词：称...的重量。 He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。 weight un.不可数名词： put on weight 增重 ；lose weight 减肥 例题：What’s the of the sheep 这只羊的重量是多少？ 7. The elephant weighs many times more than this panda. 【解析】 这是一个含有比较级的句子，表示倍数。其结构为“倍数+比较级+than”,表示“比…（大/小/长/短）几倍” 例：This box is three times bigger than that one.这个盒子是那个盒子的三倍大。 A lion weighs many times more than a cat. 狮子的重量是猫的好多倍。 A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years. 【解析】达到（某种数量，程度）等 例：There are up to 2000 students in that school. 直到（现在） up to now=up till now 由某人做决定 be up to sb. 例： It's up to you to decide where to go. 例题：This hall can hold 500 people. 这个大厅最多容纳500人。 awake与wake辨析 awake adj.醒着作表语不能作定语，反义词asleepwake v.弄醒；醒常构成短语wake up, 在句中做谓语
例题：(1)Is he or asleep 他是醒着的还是睡着了？ (2)What time do you 你通常在什么时候醒来？ Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. 【解析】句中living in the forests 是一个现在分词短语，修饰前面的名词pandas，作其后置定语。 例：There is a boy throwing stones at the dog. The boy answering questions is very clever. 例题：—Look! There is a man Taiji near the river. —Wow! It’s my teacher,Mr.Wu perform B.performs C.performing D.performed 六．重点句式 1. 世界上最高的山峰是什么？ 2. 珠穆朗玛峰（Qomolangma)有多高？ 3. 它8844.43米高。它比其他任何一座山都高。 4. 哪一个湖是世界上最深的咸水湖？ 5. 在所有的咸水湖中，里海（Caspian Sea) 是最深的。 6. 你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？ 7. 是的，我知道。它比美国要古老得多。 8. 这头大象的重量是这只大熊猫的许多倍。 9. 大熊猫饲养员正在为大熊猫宝宝的早餐准备牛奶。 10. 大熊猫能活到20至30岁。 当堂练习： (一)、单项选择(每小题1 分，共 10分) 1.——How long is the new bridge Do you know ——Yes,It’s about _______ A.one thousand one hundred and eighty meters B.one thousand and one hundred fifty meters C.two thousands one hundred forty meters D.two thousands seventy and three meters 2.Li Lei ran ________ more slowly than the other boys in the sports meeting. A.so B.too C.very D.much 3.I jumped _________ than Bill in the sports meet last year. A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highes 4.——Do you know that China is one of __________countries in the world ——Yes,I do.It’s much_______than the US. A.oldest;older B.the oldest;older C.the oldest;elder D.the older; elder 5.Bob jumps farther than _________in his class. A.any other boys B.the other boys C.any boy D.other boys 6.________ is the population of the city A.What B.How much C.How many D.How big 7.The________ book has so many pages.I can’t finish reading it in a few days. A.wide B.deep C.thick D.long 8.Work hard and I am sure you can succeed_________ the report by six o’clock. A.finish B.to finish C.in finishing D.to finishing 9.------Do his pets _________ the cat ------Yes,He has three pet cats_______this one. A.include;include B.include;including C.including;including D.including;include 10.For most people,it’s very difficult to ________air on the top of Qomolangma. A.take out B.take off C.take up D.take in 11.-----Do you know the ________of the stone ------Yes,It ________about 200 kilos. A.weight;weighs B.weights;weighs C.weigh;weighs D.weigh;weights 12.The fans shouted with _________when they saw the famous singer. A.exciting B.excited C.excite D.excitement 13.I think the best way to ________ us against illness is to excise more. A.protect B.stop C.take D.have 14.She died_______ a traffic accident last week. A.of B.with C.from D.for 15.We must _________ a room for the gusts. A.make B.give C.prepare D.take （二） 完形填空。 Nine-year-old Louis Pasteur rushed into the little house, with his face white. “Mother!” he cried. “A mad dog has 1 my friend Henry, and now they are burning him with red-hot irons (烙铁). It's terrible!” “Rabies(狂犬病), Louis. Burning the bites is the only 2 of stopping Henry from catching the disease.” Henry did get rabies and died, in great 3 , some days later. Louis Pasteur never 4 .“One day,” he thought, “I 5 do something to help people like Henry.” Sixteen years later Pasteur became a Doctor of 6 . And he began making important discoveries in his special field. Pasteur achieved great success in his life. 7 the years of research he lost the use of his left arm and leg, yet he never lost heart. He worked on and on, as hard as ever, 8 he had a strong will to find a way for curing rabies. After many 9 experiments on mad dogs, he 10 found the answer. Just then a boy who had been badly bitten by a mad dog arrived at his lab. A few days after Pasteur's treatment, the boy got 11 . He did not catch rabies. The discovery gave new hope to people in many countries. People sent money to help 12 the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Today it is one of the world's most famous centers for the research. A. knocked B. pulled C. kicked D. bitten 2. A. result B. hope C. truth D. value 3. A. pain B. trouble C. sadness D. danger 4. A. forgot B. refused C. continued D. remembered 5. A. can B. should C. may D. must 6. A. French B. Law C. History D. Science 7. A. From B. Before C. During D. Until 8. A. when B. though C. if D. as 9. A. interesting B. strange C. dangerous D. useful 10. A. hardly B. finally C. even D. again 11. A. easier B. harder C. better D. worse 12. A. build B. close C. buy D. repair （三）. 综合填空A 从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.Every year thousands of ________ （游客）come to visit my hometown. 2.The Great Wall is an ________（古代的） man-made object. 3.My little brother was heavy at ________（出生） 4.Work hard and you can ________ （实现）your dream. 5.It’s midnight,but I am not asleep.I am still _________（醒着的）. 综合填空B根据汉语意思完成句子 6.世界上最长的河是什么河？ _________ _________ _______ ________ river in the world 7.就我所知，丽萨是她家最小的孩子。 _______ _______ _______ _______ _________,Lisa is the _________ child in her family. 8.可以随便问我关于今天比赛的事。 _______ ________ to ask me anything about today’s match. 9.长城有多长？ _______ ________ is the Great Wall 10.这个房间和那个房间一样大。 This room is ________ _________ _________ that one. C.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 11.. There are 60 teachers in the office, ________ (include) me. 12.Babies have a________(nature) fear of falling. 13. The weather__________ (condition) in the mountain was too bad. 14.The ____________ (achieve) is unbelievable. 15. Could you please speak a little ________(much) slowly