人教新目标版英语八年级下Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?知识点学案（1课时无答案）

教师 学生 时间和时段 年 月 日
学科 英语 年级 八下 教材名称 人教版 英语
授课题目 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum 课 次 第（ ）次课
授课目标 掌握课文重点词汇和句型，能够进行简单的话题表述
教学重难点 重难点 ：①现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；②熟练运用现在完成时
一、重点单词 娱乐；游戏 n.____________ 在某处；到某处 adv. 照相机；摄影机n. ________________ 进步；进展 v.n. 迅速的；快速的 adj. 特别的；不寻常的 adj. ____________ 坐便器；厕所；n._________ 难以置信的；不真实的 adj._________ 鼓励 v. 社会的 adj.______________ 和平的；安宁的adj. ____________ 表演；演出 n. 完美的；完全的___________ 它自己pron. 收集；采集 v. 主题 n. 供乘骑的娱乐设施；短途旅程 n._____ 省份 n. 一千 num.________________ 安全的；无危险的adj. ____________ 仅仅；只不过 adv. 狐狸 n.__________________ 在任何…时候；无论何时conj. 赤道 n. 春天 n.__________________ 主要地；通常 adv. _____________ 地点；位置 n. 不管…还是; 或者…或者；是否conj. _____________ 可怕的 adj. 二． 词形变化 enjoy v. 享受…的乐趣 → adj.令人愉快的 use(使用) → adj. 可使用的 wash(洗) → adj.washable可洗的 read(读)→ adj. 可读的 America → n. 美国人 Australia → n. 澳大利亚人 Europe → n. 欧洲人 Africa → n. 非洲人 safe adj. 安全的；无危险的→ n.安全；平安；→ adv.安全地；稳定地 collect v. 收集；采集→ n.收集 → n. 收藏家 invent v. 发明→ n. 发明；发明物→ n. 发明家 German adj.德国的；德语的；德国人的 n．德语；德国人 ph:→ n.；→ n.德国 Japanese adj.日本的；日本人的；日语的 n日本人 ph:→ n. ；→ n.日本 Indian adj.印度的 n．印度人ph.→ n.；→ n. 印度 重点短语 游乐场 去不同的地方 坐地铁 去滑冰/游泳/钓鱼/购物 了解有关……的情况 鼓励某人做某事 以如此迅猛的方式 茶艺 许多不同种类的 社会团体 茶具 两个；一对；几个 数以千计的；许许多多的 全年 一方面…另一方面… 在将来；未来 一个讲英语的国家 四分之三 做某事很费劲 不管……还是…… put 短语: 搭建 穿上 伸出,扑灭 推迟,拖延 放下,写下 四. 重要语法 现在完成时
（1）构成：
have(助动词)/has(第三人称单数助动词) + p.p （2）现在完成时的用法
①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例：Have you had your lunch yet Yes, I have. I have just had it.(现在我不饿了） ②某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括现在）的动作或者状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的是延续性动词。
ever 意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。
e.g. Hong Kong 你曾去过香港吗？
. 我未曾和她说过话。
never意为“从来没有”常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
e.g. . 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 ③. have been to & have gone to区别
比较：He has been to Beijing.
他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿）
He has gone to Beijing.
他已经去北京了。（人已走，不在这儿了）。
have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 ④. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
比较：I have seen the film..
我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last month. 我上个月看了这部电影。 (只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在情况）
① 一般过去时只强调过去的动作；现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响。
② 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时则不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
③ 一般过去时单纯表示过去的经历；现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态延续到现在并可能持续下去。
一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now…
共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already, …　
现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in the past/last few years, recently,so far, up to now… 练习： ( ) 1.— you ever the famous singer sing live —Of course. A couple of times in different cities. Have; been B.Did;see C.Do; see D.Are;seeing ( ) 2.—May I speak to Mr．Smith？
—Sorry，he isn't in．He Changsha． A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to ( ) 3.— Yunnan is very beautiful. I there last year. — Yes, I there twice. A. went; have gone B. went; have been C. have gone; went D.have been; went ( ) 4.—Have you read this book —Yes, I it two months ago. is reading B.have read C.will read D.read ( )5. Ms. Wang is the best teacher that I . see B. saw C.have ever seen D.seen 五．重点知识 1.Me neither. 【解析】在英语中，表示“也不”的知识归纳如下： ①主语 + neither ②否定句中的“也” neither +助动词/be + 主语 ③完整的否定句后加either，但要加逗号隔开。 E.g.: —He didn’t go to school. ①—Me neither. ②—Neither did I ③—I didn’t go to school , either. 【解析】表示“也” 主语 + too 肯定句中的“也” so +助动词/be+主语 或完整的肯定句后加too，且要用逗号隔开。 也可以用also置于句中表示 Eg.: —He is a good student. ①—Me too. ②—So am I. ③—I’m a good student, too. ④ I’m also a good student. neither的用法 【解析】neither adj.：后接单数名词，表示“两者都不”，作主语时，句子的谓语要用单数。 Neither answer right. 两个答案都不对。 neither pron.：与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Neither of us to Beijing. 我们俩都没去过北京。 neither adv. 用于倒装句中。Me neither.= Neither . neither conj. 常与nor构成短语neither.....nor..... “既不……也不……” ,连接两个并列成分，当它连接两个主语时，取就近原则。 Neither my parents nor I a teacher. It’s really interesting ,isn’t it 【解析】（一）.反意疑问句定义：即附加疑问句。表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 （二）.结构： 陈述句 + 附加疑问句？ 例: －Jim likes listening to the music, doesn’t he －Yes, he does. － No, he doesn’t. （三）.原则： ①.前肯后否，前否后肯 ②.前名后代 ③.时态一致 反意疑问句的特点是“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”，而且附加问句中的动词在时态、人称和数等方面必须与前半句的动词相呼应。 例题: ①You are a student, ？ ②We can’t take books out, ？ ③（ ）－Jim had nothing for breakfast this morning, ______________ －___________. He got up too late. A.had he; Yes B. hadn’t he; Yes C. did he; No D. didn’t he, No ①注意：当前面的陈述句中有否定词few, little, never, no, nobody, hardly, seldom等词时，其后的疑问句部分应用肯定形式。 He can hardly swim, ？ We have little water, ？ 拓展： 反意疑问句的回答 ①回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句结构一样，如果答语是肯定的，用“Yes+肯定结构”；如果答语是否定的，则用“No+否定结构”。 例题: －He enjoys singing, ？ －Yes，he .／No, he . ③回答陈述部分为否定句的反意疑问句时，yes或no的汉语意思与词义相反。 例题:－You didn’t go to school, ？ －Yes, I . ／No, I 4 .three quarters 意为“四分之三” 【解析】英语中分数表达方法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母要用复数形式。 四分之一 二分之一 六分之一 三分之二 分数做主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与其后面的名词的数保持一致。 练习：1.Two fifths of the students in our class girls. 2.One fifths of the water dirty. 5.Let’s go somewhere different today. 【解析】形容词修饰不定代词/副词，放在不定代词之后。somewhere 表达地点时，前面不用介词。 例: Go and play somewhere else. 例题;— Jack, how was your summer vacation — Just so-so, I decided to go _______ for my next vacation. A. something wonderful B. wonderful something C. somewhere wonderful D.wonderful somewhere 六．重点句式 1. 你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？ 2. 我们今天去个不同的地方吧。 3. 科技以如此迅猛的方式发展真是令人难以置信啊！ 4. 最好是去游览新加坡。 5. 这真有趣，不是吗？ 6. 我明白了。我从没去过那里。 7. 没什么事儿，马克。我确实还没有任何计划 8. 这真有趣，不是吗？ 9. 你这周打算干什么？ 10. 新加坡一个很大的特征是它的气温几乎一年到头都是一样的。 课堂练习题 单项选择 ( ) 1. We should solve the problem ______ a good way. A. for B. on C. in D. at ( ) 2. The five-year-old boy can play the guitar ______ better than me. A. too B. quite C. even D. very ( ) 3. The cook taught us ______ to cook gongbao chicken. A. where B. how C. what D. who ( ) 4. The beach is a good place ______ our weekend. A. spend B. spent C. to spend D. spending ( ) 5. My father likes ______ watches. He has 30 different watches now. collecting B. selling C. carrying D. fixing ( ) 6. The dog found the food ______. A. ourselves B. yourself C. themselves D. itself ( ) 7. In ______, everything begins to grow. I like this season. A. summer B. autumn C. spring D. winter ( ) 8. Peter, my English teacher, always encourages us ______ hard. A. to study B. study C. studying D. to studying ( ) 9. The old man has no problems ______ himself. A. look after B. looking after C. to look after D. to looking after ( ) 10. It seems impossible ______ so much work in such a short time. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. to finishing ( ) 11. There were ______ people watching the performance yesterday. A. two thousands of B. two thousands C. thousands of D. thousand of ( ) 12. Don’t worry! Your children are quite ______ here. A. safe B. dangerous C. old D. young ( ) 13. Bob ______ the village a lot of times. He had great fun there every time. A. will visit B. visits C. has visited D. is visiting ( ) 14. —Let’s go to the history museum this weekend. —______. A. That sounds fun B. That’s all right C. You’re welcome D. You should try it ( ) 15. —______ —Yes, but only once. A. Did she go to Beijing B. Has she ever been to Beijing C. Will she go to Beijing D. Does she often go to Beijing 二、完形填空 China is a great country with 5,000 years of history. There are many places of interest which attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year. Many mountains, such as Mount Tai, Mount Emei, Mount Hua are very famous. People go to Mount Tai to 1 the sun rise. The Yangtze River is the longest one and the second __2_ one is the Yellow River. They are the birthplaces of Chinese __3__. Have you _4__ the love story about Xu Xian and White Snake It is said that the story _5___ on the West Lake. The West Lake is the best place that I have ever visited. It lies in Hangzhou, Zhenjiang Pro-vince. The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose _6__ in it. The West Lake has become famous _7__ its special scenery and some beautiful poems. These poems were ____8__ by Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo. __9__ the surrounding area of the West Lake is the home of the famous Dragon Well Tea. Have you ever _10__ the West Lake If not, look for a chance to go to the fantastic place! ( )1. A. bring B. watch C. ask D. help ( )2. A. shortest B. highest C. longest D. widest ( )3. A. tea B. poems C. culture D. lakes ( )4. A. thought about B. heard of C. disagreed with D. looked around ( )5. A. finished B. started C. returned D. happened ( )6. A. him B. them C. themselves D. himself ( )7. A. as B. for C. with D. in ( )8. A. read B. written C. made D. ordered ( )9. A. so B. But C. And D. Or ( )10. A. been B. been to C. gone to D. been in
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