人教新目标版英语八年级下Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.课本单词短语知识点学案（1课时无答案）

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授课题目 Unit10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 课 次 第（ ）次课
授课目标 present perfect tense with since and for
教学重难点 the application of the completed tense
重点单词 院子 n.______________ 甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的 adj. 记忆；回忆 n. 分；分币 n.__________ 生产者；制定者 n. __________________ 熊 n. 玩具n. ___________ 围巾；披巾；头巾 n. __________________ 软的；柔软的adj. __________ 板；木板 n.__________ 检查；审查 v. n. 清理；清除 v. ______________ 卧室 n.______________ 地位（或职位、级别）低下的adj._______ 拥有；有 v. 铁路；铁道 n.________ 某种；某事；某人 adj. _______________ 离开；分开 v. ____________ 家乡；故乡 n.________ 一段时间；一会n. ___________________ 诚实的；老实的 adj. 搜索；搜查 v. n._____ 在（其）中；...之一 prep. __________ 数数 v. 百年；世纪 n.________ 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 n. _______________ 童年；幼年n.______________ 注视；仔细考虑v. ____________________ 将...认为；把...视为 v. 尤其；特别；格外adv. ________________ 与...相对；在...对面prep. 对面的；另一边的adj. 诚实的；真实的 adj. __________________ 现今；现在；目前adv. 拥有；抓住 v. ________________________ 二．词形转换 toy(n.) 玩具→复数： ________ (adj.) 软的；柔软的→反义词：_________ 硬的 make (v.) 制造→_________ (n.) 生产者；制订者 _________ (v.) 拥有；有→ owner (n.) 主人 memory(n.) 回忆→复数： especial(adj.) 尤其；特别→_________ (adv..) 尤其；特别 重点短语 清理；丢掉 放弃、交出（尤指舍不得的东西） 至于；关于 说实在的 依据；按照 几乎；接近 庭院拍卖会 面包机 软体玩具；布绒玩具 _______________________ 查看；观察 棋类游戏 初级中学 不再；不复 捐赠赠送 尽管即使 在周末 寻找 依某人看 重要语法 现在完成时常与“for+时间段” “since+时间点” “since 引导的从句（一般过去式）” “since+一段时间+ago”连用。 1. for 作介词，后接时间段，表示“某个动作持续了多久。 Eg:I’ve been here for just over two years. 我来到这儿刚好两年多了。 2. since 可作介词，后接时间点，也可用作连词，后接从句，表示某个动作或情况从过去某一时间点一直持续到现在，从句用一般过去时。 Eg:He’s been here since two years ago. 他两年来一直住在这儿。 3.for与since 引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换。 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years = My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago. 4.for 和since引导的时间状语中动词必须是延续性动词，否定句除外。 Eg: I’ve bought the book for three years. ( × ) I’ve had the book for three years. ( √ ) Mr Smith hasn’t come to China for three years. 史密斯先生三年没来中国了。 I haven’t seen him since I came back. 自从我回来就没见过他。 5.非延续性动词与延续性动词或表示状态的动词短语之间的转换： ①非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词 borrow- buy- put on - catch - get to know-
②非延续性动词转换为“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等”. begin/start- go out- die- open- leave- finish- fall ill- get up- become- fall asleep- get to/arrive in/reach- join- make friends- come/go-be+相应的介词短语
练习： Ⅰ．用for 或since填空 1. She has been ill ________ more than two weeks. 2. I haven’t met him __________ a long time. 3. Mary has been here ___________ eight o’clock this morning. 4. It hasn’t rained ____________ two months ago. 5. They have been my friends _________I was a child. Ⅱ．单项选择 1.Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it In April. I _______it for two months. A.have had B.had C.have bought D.bought 2.She this book for nearly three weeks. A.has borrowed B.has lent C.has bought D.has kept 3.— Does Jimmy still work as a driver — No. He has for two years. A.left the company B.gone to Shanghai C.studied in college D.lost his job 4.— What age did you leave home — I left home at 18, Neil. I your city for five years. A.have gone to B.have been to C.have been in D.have come to 5. —It has been much easier for me to go to work _______ shared bikes appeared. —But they also caused plenty of problems. A. Since B. before C. unless D. though 五．重点知识 1.Jeff’s family is having a yard sale. 【解析】sale n.出售，销售 sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售” 构成短语：on sale“出售; 减价出售”；for sale“待售，供出售”，尤指从主人手里出售。 eg: Chickens are on sale in the market. I'm sorry; it's not for sale. 练习：1. Some objects made of bamboo are in the gift shop. 在这个礼品店里有些竹制物品在销售。 2.This camera isn’t . 这部相机不卖。 2. We have cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms . 【解析】cleared out 意为 “清理丢掉”，其中 clear用作动词意为 “清理；清除” eg: She is clearing out old clothes. 【拓展】 clear用作形容词，意为 “清晰易懂的；晴朗的” eg: She gave me a clear answer. It’s a clear day today. 3.My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys. 【解析】part with . 意为舍弃，放弃(对......的占有);卖掉(东西)。 Eg: He was very sorry to part with his favorite horses. 【拓展】part还可用作名词，意为“部分；角色”常用于短语take part in(参加); play a part in(参与......在.....中发挥作用) Eg:Everyone should take part in protecting wild animals. The Internet plays an important part in our life. 【解析】certain 用作形容词，意为“某些；某种”，仅用于名词前，作定语 Eg:He decided to sell his certain books. 【拓展】1.certain表“肯定的；无疑的”意思时作表语，常用于结构be certain to do/be certain of/be certain + that 从句。eg: He is certain to succeed. He is certain of success. I am certain that he will succeed. 2.certain 副词形式 certainly = sure = of course 表示“当然”。 eg: —Can I open the door —Certainly. 练习:1. I don’t want to my old bike. 我不想卖掉我的旧自行车。 2.I’m not where he lives. 我不确定他住在哪里。 4. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 【解析】as for 是一个固定短语，意为“至于......;关于...... 往往用于说话时提及的另一个人或事，活实物的另一个方面，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 Eg:As for that computer. I‘m not telling you anything. 至于说哪台电脑，我什么都不会告诉你。 【解析】 to be honest意为“老实说;说实在的”，相当于to tell the truth或honestly speaking, 常在句中作插入语。 Eg:To be honest, I have little money. 老实说，我几乎没有钱。 honest/' n st/ adj.诚实的；老实的。honest以元音音素开头，前有不定冠词时用an。 eg: an honest person/boy/face 一个诚实的人/男孩/一张真诚的面孔 【解析】 while 此处用作名词，意为 “一段时间；一会儿”。一般只用单数形式，其前加不定冠词a。 Eg: Why not rest for a while since you are tired 【拓展】while 的常见搭配有： for a while暂时 once in a while有时；偶尔 练习: 1. He likes playing soccer. Basketball, he doesn’t like it at all. 他喜欢踢足球。至于篮球，他一点也不喜欢。 2. ，she is not an honest girl. 说实话，她不是个诚实的女孩。 It’s a shame, but I just don’t have the time,’’he says. 【解析】 It’s a shame 可翻译为“真遗憾；多遗憾的事”，其后还可接不定式或由that引导的从句。 ①shame作抽象概念，表“羞耻；耻辱”时，为不可数名词；表具体的“可耻的人、事或物”时，为可数名词。 ②shame 的常见搭配： What a shame！多遗憾！ 例题： you can’t stay for dinner. 你不能留下来吃饭，真遗憾。 6.In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. 【解析】①opposite此处用作介词，意为“在……的对面” eg: The bank is opposite the bus stop. 银行在公交车站的对面。 ②opposite作形容词，意为“对面的，另一边的”，常用短语be opposite to和……相对。 eg: Her house is opposite to mine. 她的房子与我的房子相对。 ③opposite作副词，意为“在对面”。 eg: There's an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。 ④opposite作名词，意为“对应的人(或物)；对立面”，常与介词of一起使用。 eg: “Tall” is the opposite of “short”． “高”是“矮”的反义词。 7. so far =up to/until now，意为“迄今为止;到目前为止”，该短语常用语句首或句末，在句中作状语，句子常用现在完成时，也可以用一般时，表示范围、程度或距离。 Eg:It rains every day so far this month. 直到现在这个月每天都在下雨。 8.辨析search for, search 与search...for... search for 意为“搜寻，寻找”。They are the missing dog. 他们在寻找那条丢失的狗。search 后接人时，指“搜某人的身”； 后接地点时，指“搜查寻处”。The policeman the thief but found nothing. 那个警察搜了那个小偷的身，但什么都没发现。search...for... 意为“为了找……而搜查……”。Mary is her bag her keys. 玛丽正在包里找她的钥匙。
9.consider v. 注视；仔细考虑 【解析】①consider/k n's d (r)/ 作“认为”讲时，常用consider...(as).../ consider...(to be)．..把……视为/认为…… eg: We considered it as part of her work. She considers him(to be/as) a good teacher. ②consider = think about考虑，此时后接名词、代词、v.-ing 形式， 即consider doing sth. “考虑做某事”。 eg: I’m considering changing my job. ③辨析consider与regard consider强调经过考虑后得出比较客观的看法They considered his brother as an honest man. 他们认为他哥哥是个诚实的人。regard常指对外表的看法或凭眼睛所见而作的评价；强调主观上的认为We regarded her as a poor woman.我们把她当作一个穷女人。(但实际上她却有可能很有钱)
练习：— I'm considering _______ abroad for further study, but I haven't decided yet. — You'd better ask your English teacher for some advice. A. Going B. to go C. go and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories.... 【解析】hold (held, held) 用作动词，意为“拥有”，相当于have 或own。 eg: They hold different views on this matter. 【拓展】①意为“举着；拿着；抓住” eg: He stood in the rain, holding an umbrella. ②意为“容纳” eg: This big stadium can hold over 2,000 people. ③意为“举行，召开” eg: The meeting was held in Hangzhou. 六．重点句式 1. 那边的那辆自行车你买多长时间了, 2. 我买它三年了。 3. 他儿子拥有轨道火车多长时间了？ 4. 自从他四岁生日时，他就已经拥有它了。 5. 你曾经踢足球吗？ 6. 吉姆在日本待了三天了。 7. 钟伟几乎三年没有回去了。 8. 因为自从我还是一个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。 9. 我们已经从卧室里清理出了很多东西 10. 然后查看一下这些给更小的孩子们玩的毛绒玩具和棋类游戏吧
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