2022年中考英语语法专项复习+动词（考点+真题）

英语语法专项复习——动词
语法讲解：
动词的基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。
系动词（be动词, look, sound, smell, feel; get, become, turn, grow; keep, stay）。
及物动词（后必须有名词）和不及物动词（后不能直接加名词）。
助动词（do/does, did）。 5.情态动词（can/could, will, may, should, must, shall）。
6.时态。 7.语态。
8.非谓语动词（动词不定式to do，做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语）。
9.动词短语。
动词的基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。
系动词（be动词, look, sound, smell, feel; get, become, turn, grow; keep, stay）。
形容词修饰系动词。
系动词无被动语态。
注意：1).He looked _____(sad) because he lost a leg in the war.
He looked _____(sad) at his broken leg.
分析：第___个look是系动词，翻译为“看起来”,用形容词修饰。
2). ( ) The flowers _____ well and ____ nice.
A grow, smell B grow, are smelt C are grown, smell D are grown, are smelt
分析：花朵生长，主动态；nice是形容词，推知修饰系动词，而系动词无被动。
及物动词（后必须有名词）和不及物动词（后不能直接加名词）。
助动词（do/does, did）。
情态动词（can/coud, will, may, should, must, shall）。
can 表示能力，“能，会”；表示请求，相当于may，“可以”；在否定句和疑问句中表示推测，“可能”。(可能性很大的“不可能”can’t--可能性很大的“肯定，很可能”must)
could表示过去的能力，“能，会”；表示请求，“可以”，语气比can更委婉。
may表示请求，否定回答用can’t或mustn’t；表示推测。
must表示说话人主观意志或根据法律法规，“必须做”。对于must的回答用needn't；表示可能性很大的推测，“肯定，很可能”。
练习：(1) His grandfather _____ speak a little French. (他的祖父会说一点法语。)
(2)_____ I borrow your dictionary (我可以借你的字典吗 )
(3)_____ it be true (它可能是真的吗？)
(4)Jack _____ be in the classroom, because I saw him in the library just now.(Jack不可能在教室里，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他的。)
(5) ( )—May I take this book out —No, you______.
A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
(6) ( )—Could I borrow your bike —Yes, of course you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
(7) ( )It’s raining hard outside for the whole morning, so I ______stay at home.
A. must B. can C. may D. have to
时态。
一般现在时
用法：客观事实、习惯活动、现在情况、主将从现（主句为将来时时，状语从句可用一般现在时表达将要发生的动作）。
一般过去时
用法：过去活动、过去状态。
常见时间状语搭配：yesterday, last week/month/year, two days ago, in the past, in1990, in the 1990s等。
一般将来时
用法：将来活动、将来状态、主将从现（状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时时，主句可用将来时表达将要发生的动作）。
常见时间状语搭配：in the future, in 2020, tomorrow, next week/month/year等。
现在进行时
用法：正在进行；一直在进行（如He is writing a novel this year.）；与always连用表达某种感情（如 You are always complaining about everything.）。
常见时间状语搭配：look/listen放句首, at this time/moment等。
过去进行时
用法：过去某个时刻动作正在进行（如I was doing my homework at eight last night.）；过去某个时间段动作一直在进行（如They were watching TV from nine to ten yesterday.）；当when/while引导时间状语从句时且从句是过去时，主句常用过去进行时（如They were reading aloud when the teacher came in.）。
常见时间状语搭配：at that time/moment, at eight yesterday morning, from nine to ten yesterday等。
现在完成时
用法：过去的动作对现在有影响；过去的动作延续到现在，有可能继续延续；动作发生的次数。
常见时间状语搭配：________(至今为止)，recently, in the past few years, already, yet, for+时间段, since+过去的时间点等。
有两种情况动词必须要有延续性：情况一.______________开头的现在完成时；
情况二.肯定句 + 时间段（for, since引导的时间状语）
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
come/move here be here
go/leave be away （from）
open/close be open/be closed
begin/start be on
end/finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
become interested in be interested in
get married/marry be married
put on wear
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
join/take part in/join in be in = be a member of
leave be away from
arrive/reach/get to be at/in
make friends be friends
hear from/get /receive a letter from sb have a letter from sb
被动语态（be done）
一般现在时的被动语态__________________
一般过去时的被动语态__________________
一般将来时的被动语态__________________
非谓语动词（动词不定式做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语）。
（一）非谓语动词在句中的成分
1.做宾语： 如 (1)He likes to play basketball. (2)I want to go fishing with you on weekends.
类似地， want, refuse, wish, need, choose, hope, agree, try, begin, offer, would like to + to do
2.做宾补： 如 (1)She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.
(2)I heard her cry in the next room just now.
类似地，在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役动词、感官动词后，不定式省略to。但在变为被动句时应加上to。（make/let/see/hear/watch + sb + do）； tell, ask, want, allow, get, would, encourage + sb + to do。
3.做状语： 如 I went there to study English.（表目的）
（二）常见的一些与不带to的不定式连用的词组、句型：
1. Why not + do … 2. had better (not) do… 3. would rather do…
4. Could/Would/Will you please (not) do… 5.make/let/see/hear/watch + sb + do
（三）特殊疑问词+不定式
不定式可以和疑问代词(who, whom, whose what, which,) 、疑问副词(when, where, how)连用构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
如 (1)Please tell me _____________next.(请告诉我接下来做什么。)
(2)I didn’t know _____________.(我不知道去哪里。)
真题演练：
1．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Some people think one of the most useful inventions ________ the smartphone.
A．are B．is C．were D．be
2．（2021·西藏·中考真题）His cousin is a humorous man. He makes us ________ all the time.
A．laughs B．laughing C．to laugh D．laugh
3．（2017·贵州毕节·中考真题）It’s nice to see you again. We ________ each other since 2016.
A．won’t see B．haven’t seen C．don’t see D．didn’t see
4．（2017·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Good morning, I’d like to buy a gift for my mother.
—How about the scarf It _________ beautiful and _________ smooth.
A．looks; feels B．sounds; feels C．feels; seems D．looks; smells
5．（2018·湖南湘西·中考真题）—What time ________ Jim usually take a shower, Rick
—He usually takes a shower at six forty.
A．do B．does C．did
6．（2018·贵州黔南·中考真题）The soup would ________ better with more salt.
A．eat B．sound C．taste D．feel
7．（2021·山东济南·中考真题）—________ swim in this river. It’s quite deep.
—Thanks for telling me.
A．No B．Not C．Don’t D．Doesn’t
8．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
9．（2017·四川广安·中考真题）The music sounds nice and the food ________ good. This hotel is so great.
A．eats B．sounds C．feels D．tastes
10．（2017·贵州六盘水·中考真题）The number of the students ________ over 2,000 in our school.
A．is B．are C．be D．were
11．（2017·山东济南·中考真题）Last night, I found a photo in an old book. It made me ________ of my primary school life.
A．think B．thinking C．thought D．to think
12．（2017·山东济南·中考真题）—________ you have an eraser, Cindy
—Yes. It’s in my pencil box.
A．Is B．Are C．Do D．Does
13．（2017·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—He doesn’t speak English or Japanese, ______
—______. He speaks Chinese.
does he; Yes, he doesn’t B．doesn’t he; No, he does
C．does he; No, he doesn’t D．does he; Yes, he does
14．（2017·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The pizza looks ______. It is my favourite.
A．lovely B．sweetly C．softly D．healthily
15．（2017·辽宁辽阳·中考真题）—The fish soup ________ so good. May I have some
—Sure.
A．feels B．sounds C．smells D．tastes
16．（2021·上海·中考真题）Your idea of a day on the beach sounds ________. Can I join you
A．lovely B．softly C．politely D．beautifully
17．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）一You added sugar in my tea It ________ terrible!
一Sorry, madam. I’ll pour you another cup right away.
A．feels B．looks C．sounds D．tastes
18．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Fresh water ________ more important than anything else.
A．is B．are C．was
19．（2021·吉林长春·中考真题）There __________ two people waiting for you outside now.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
20．（2021·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—Would you like something to drink
—No, thanks. I ________ some tea already.
A．have drunk B．was drinking C．will drink D．drink