课程主题：M3U2上核心知识点梳理 授课时间：
学习目标 1. 掌握模块三第二单元Reading部分的核心词汇； 2.掌握第二单元的语法不定式的用法。
教学内容
【进门测试】 建议5min 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 So far, construction work for the high-speed railway line linking Beijing and Zhangjiakou 1. ______ （complete）.It is reported that the railway line can reach a top speed of up to 217mph（350km/h），which will be put into 2.______（operate）by the end of the year. The new line, 3. ______ （build）in preparation for the 4. ______ （twenty-four）Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, has just entered service, reducing journey time between the capital and Zhangjiakou, which will stage most of the skiing events, from three hours to 47 minutes. Zhangjiakou, 5.______ the north of Hebei province, will host snowboarding, freestyle skiing and ski jumping at the Games. Another major Olympic host on the new line is Yanqing, 6. ______ skiing and luge（单雪橇）events will take place. Skating, ice-hockey and freestyle skiing will be held in the capital. The trains will start and stop at stations automatically（自动地）to a precise timetable, and change speed 7. ______ （depend）on limits between stations. However, a monitoring driver will still be on board in case of emergencies. Large storage 8. ______ （ area）have been designed in the trains for athletes' winter sports equipment. The carriages are equipped with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and 9.______ variety of real-time safety sensors（传感器）.This will 10. ______ （ great）satisfy passengers' need. 答案： 1. has been completed. 考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，连接北京和张家口的高速铁路的建设工作已经完成了。分析句子可知，设空处作谓语，主语与动词complete之间为被动关系，结合时间状语So far可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时的被动语态，construction work为不可数名词，助动词应用has,故填has been completed。 2. operation. 考查名词。句意：据报道，这条铁路线最高时速可达217英里/小时（350公里/小时），年底将投入运营。operate是动词，此处作介词into的宾语，应用名词operation,意思是"使用，运作"，是不可数名词，put sth into operation"投入运行，投入使用"，故填operation。 3. built. 考查过去分词。句意：为迎接第二十四届北京冬奥会而修建的新线刚刚投入使用，缩短了首都和张家口之间的旅行时间。build是动词，本句中谓语动词是 has just entered,此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰主语The new line,The new line与动词build之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填built。 4. twenty-forth. 考查序数词。句意：为迎接第二十四届北京冬奥会而修建的新线刚刚投入使用，缩短了首都和张家口之间的旅行时间。此处表示"第二十四届北京冬奥会"，应用序数词修饰Winter Olympic Games,twenty-four的序数词形式是是twenty-forth,故填twenty-forth。 5.in. 考查介词。句意：位于河北省北部的张家口市将在本届运动会上举办滑雪板、自由式滑雪和跳台滑雪。张家口市是河北省北部的一座城市，表示"在某内部的北方"，应用in the north of,故填in。 6. where. 考查定语从句。句意：新线的另一个主要奥运主办城市是延庆，这里将举行滑雪和雪橇比赛。此处需要一个连接词引导定语从句，先行词Yanqing是地点名词，连接词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句，故填where。 7. depending. 考查现在分词。句意：列车将根据精确的时刻表在车站自动启动和停止，并根据车站之间的限制改变速度。depend on是动词短语，意思是"随…而定，取决于"；本句中and连接并列的谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语The trains与动词短语depend on之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填depending。 8. areas. 考查名词复数。句意：火车上设计了大面积的储存区，用于存放运动员的冬季运动器材。area"区域"是可数名词，根据谓语动词have been designed可知，主语应用复数形式，故填areas。 9. a. 考查冠词。句意：车厢内装有5G信号、智能照明和各种实时安全传感器。variety"种类"是可数名词，a variety of表示"各种各样的"，故填a。 10. greatly. 考查副词。句意：这将极大地满足乘客的需要。此处作状语修饰动词satisfy,应用副词greatly,故填greatly。 【多元导学】 建议10min 【互动精讲】 【知识梳理1】 1. injury injure vt. 伤害，损害 injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的 原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, 却仅有5名学生受轻伤(教材P16) ◆ vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 (1) serious injury/injuries 重伤 minor injuries 轻伤 sustain injuries/an injury 受伤 escape injury 险受伤害 do sb/ oneself an injury/ do an injury to oneself/sb 使… 受伤 (2) get injured 受伤 ①She was awarded $3,500 for injury to her feelings. 她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。 ②She was lucky to escape serious injury. 她很幸运，没有受到严重的伤害。 ③In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured. 在交通事故中，两人遇难，三人受伤。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①She was awarded $3,500 for ____________________. 她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。 ②This could __________________ the company's reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。 ③Running too much too soon is one of the easiest ways to _______________. 跑的过多过快是最容易受伤的一种方式。 【答案】 ① injury to her feelings ② seriously injure ③ get injured 2. reaction react vi. 反应，作出反应；产生（化学）反应 原文：Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速而正确—他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。(教材P16) ◆n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 (1) in reaction to 对…的反应 reaction against 拒绝；对…的反抗 (2) react to 对…起反应；对(食物)有不良反应 react against 反抗，对抗某人/ 某事 ①There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director. 对她获任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。 ②All new fashion starts out as a reaction against existing convention. 所有新时尚都是从反抗现存习俗开始的。 ③Local residents have reacted angrily to the news. 当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①__________________ the phenomenon, some people called for raising the air pollution tax. 为了应对这一现象，有人要求增加空气污染税。 ②Still we are constantly __________________ our ignorance. 然而，我们也在不停地抗拒着我们的无知。 ③People can __________________ certain food additives. 人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏 【答案】 ① In reaction to ②in reaction against ③react badly to 3. confirm confirmation n. 确认；证实；证明；批准 confirmed adj. 确认的 confirmable 可证实的；可确定的 原文： After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，大家才松了一口气，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。(教材P16) ◆vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 conform sth 确认，证实… conform that/ wh-clause 确认，证实 conform sb in sth 使某人确信某事 It has been confirmed that… 已确定 ①Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。 ②Has everyone confirmed (that) they're coming 他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？ ③It has confirmed me in my decision not to become a nun. 这已让我坚信我不当修女的决定是正确的。 【跟踪典例】 ①I'm still waiting for _________________ of the test results. 我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。 ②The walk in the mountains _____________________. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。 ③______________________ the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。 【答案】① confirmation 2. confirmed his fear of heights 3. It has been confirmed that 4. occur occurred occurrent adj.正在发生的；偶然发生的 occurrence n. 发生；出现；事件；发现 原文：It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。(教材P17) ◆vi. 发生，出现；存在于 sth occur(s) to sb 某人突然想起某事 sth escape(s) sb 某人忘记某事 It occurs to/ strikes/ hits sb that 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到要做某事 ①When exactly did the incident occur 这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？ ②The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①______________________ London seems to afford him a freedom he doesn't have in New York or Los Angeles. 这提醒了我，在伦敦他有着比在纽约或者洛杉矶更多的自由。 ②______________________ to ask for help. 她没想到请别人帮忙。 ③A good idea ___________________ when I woke up this morning. 今天早上醒来时我突然有一个好点子。 【答案】①It occurs to me that ②It didn't occur to her ③occurred to me 5. relief relieve vt.解除，减轻；使放心 原文：To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到危险即将来临。(教材P17) ◆n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 (1)in relief 如释重负，松了口气 to one’s relief 令人感到欣慰的是 with relief 宽慰的 It’s a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的 What a relief！ 可轻松了 (2)relieve sb of 解除某人某方面的负担 relieve anxiety/guilt/stress 消除焦虑/内疚/缓解压力 ①We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。 ②It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了 ③The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork. 新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。 【跟踪典例】 ①___________________, the car was not damaged. 令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。 ②Hearing that we all pass the exam, the whole class sighed _______________. 听到我们所有人都及格的消息之后，全班都舒了一口气。 ③Nothing could ___________ my terrible sense of blame. 没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。 【答案】①Much to my relief ②with relief ③relieve 6. inform information n. 信息 informed adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的 原文：Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记住要提醒自己发生了什么。(教材P19) ◆vt. 了解，熟悉；通知 inform sb of/ about sth 通知某人某事 inform sb that… 通知；告知 keep sb informed of sth 随时告知某人某事 inform against 检举；告发 【跟踪典例】 ①Please __________________ any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。 ②We regret to __________________ your application has not been successful. 我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。 ③Please ____________________ fresh developments. 请随时告诉我最新的进展情况。 【答案】①inform us of ②inform you that ③keep me informed of 7. be doing… when 原文：Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯 · 布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。(教材P16) 【句式分析】 本句中 “be doing… when ”，意为“正在做某事，突然…”。 be about to do sth… when/ be on the point of doing … when意为“正要做某事。突然…” had just done sth… when 意为“刚刚做了某事，突然…” ①An agreement was about to be reached when the other side raised new issues. 快要达成协议的时候，对方又节外生枝。 ②He was reading his novel when she came in. 她进来的时候他正在读小说。 ③I had just finished my homework when my father came in. 我刚做完家庭作业，父亲来了。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①I ____________________ when the bell rang. 铃响时我正在吃饭。 ②He was ______________________ something when the phone rang. 他正要说些什么的时候，电话响了。 ③I ____________________ all the invitations and bookings when her boss gave her the new project. 我刚发完所有的请柬，什么都预定好了，这时候她老板给了她一个新项目。 【答案】 ①was having dinner ②on the point of saying ③ had just finished 【巩固练习】 I. 单词拼写 1. Medical units were operating in the d__________ area. 2. People's r__________ to the film has varied greatly. 3. Several vehicles were damaged in the c__________. 4. A brief dip into history serves to c__________ this view. 5. The operation itself is a brief, painless __________ (过程). 6. News of their safety came as a great __________ (轻松). 7. A powerful __________ (台风) nearly forced the plane to make an emergency landing. 8. Under such conditions, the __________ (破坏性的) effects of bacteria are diminished. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. Students ____________ large felt that the discipline was too strict. 2. It's a beautiful, clean and ____________(order) city. 3. It did not occur ____________ me to check my insurance policy. 4. ____________ my relief, he realized the importance of study. 5. The wide ____________ (destructive) of acid rain, however, has come to be realized only in recent decades. 6. Please keep me fully ____________ (inform) of any developments. 7. We were having dinner ____________ the door was knocked. 8. How did they ____________ (reaction) when they learned the news 答案： Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. disaster 2. reaction 3.crash 4. confirm 5. procedure 6. relief 7. typhoon 8. destructive Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. at 2. orderly 3.to 4. To 5. destructiveness 6. informed 7. when 8. react 【知识梳理2】 动词不定式 动词不定式的定义：动词不定式（to do），为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。 一. 动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。 ①Is this the best way to solve the problem 这是帮助解决问题的最好方法吗？ ②Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time？ 你能找到合适的人及时完成这项工作吗 【跟踪典例】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ① Do you have anything ___________ (do)tonight？ 【答案】 ①to do 2.不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。 ①He's always the first one to finish the homework.(主谓关系) 他总是第一个完成家庭作业。 ②Please give me something to drink.(动宾关系) 请给我点喝的。 注意：动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。 ①He wanted to find a new apartment to live in. 他想找一所新公寓住。 【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①Do you have anything _____________ (take) to your sister ②Would you please give me some paper _____________ (take) 【答案】 ①to be taken ②to write on 3．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 ①He is the first to pose an alternative concept of the world. 他是第一个提出另一种新的世界概念的人。 ②Perhaps the best way to read this book is to read it aloud to yourself or with your friends. 也许读这本书最好的方法就是大声地读给自己听或者和朋友一起读。 【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①He was the last person to ____________ (ask) to speak. ②He is the best man ____________ (do) the job. 【答案】 ①to be asked ②to do 4．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。 ①We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data. 我们现在有能力收集大量的数据。 ②He was the man behind the plan to build a new hospital. 他就是策划建立新医院的人。 【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①She made a clumsy attempt ____________ (apologize). ②Now he has a chance ____________ (put) his life back in order. 【答案】 ①to apologize ②to put 二．动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：so/ such...to; enough...to; too...to; only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。 ①I'm not such a fool as to believe that. 我不至于蠢到相信那种事。 ②The food wasn't enough to satisfy his hunger. 这食物不足以让他解饿。 ③He hurried to the station to find the train had gone. 他匆忙赶往车站，结果发现火车开走了。 注意：too...to...结构并不一定是“太……而不能”之意。与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。 She was too tired to take a shower. 她累得不想淋浴了。 【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①He was not brave enough ____________ (report) the loss of the documents. ②The manager got to the company in a hurry, ____________ (find) that he had left his laptop back at home. ③He's old enough to ____________ (make) a trip alone. 【答案】 ①to report ②only to find ③to make 【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. Volunteering gives you a chance ________ (change) lives, including your own. 2. US singer Bob Dylan was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature, becoming the first songwriter ________ (win) the honour. 3. I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term. 4. There is a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again. 5. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ (play) in making the earth a better place to live. 6. Whatever difficulties I meet, I have confidence __________ (conquer) them. 7. Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance ________ (keep) American strength. 8. His failure ________ (react) quickly enough caused the crash. 9. Bruce is adored by his teachers, for he is always the first ______(hand) in his homework. 10. To most of the people, it seems that the only foreign language ________ (learn) is English. 11. He hurried to the library only ________ (find) it was closed. 12. It is a famous saying that one is never too old ________ (learn). 13. You are lucky enough ______________ (get) the job. 14. One is never too young nor too old __________ (change) his self-image and thereby start to live a new life. 15. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly __________ (notice). 1.【答案】to change【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。 2.【答案】to win【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。the first to do sth.第一个做某事的人。 3.【答案】to complete【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。和主语之间是主动关系。 4.【答案】saying【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。和主语之间是主动关系。 5.【答案】to play【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。主语和动作之间是主动关系。 6.【答案】to conquer【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。根据句子结构，confidence为抽象名词，因此抽象名词后常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to conquer。 7.【答案】to keep【解析】a chance to do sth.做某事的机会，固定搭配。chance名词，机会，其后跟动词不定式作定语。故填to keep。 8.【答案】to react【解析】句意：他反应不够快导致了车祸。此处的不定式to react作His failure的后置定语。故填to react。 9.【答案】to hand【解析】句意：布鲁斯深受老师的喜爱，因为他总是第一个交作业的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词；由句意可知，空格处作定语修饰the first，修饰序数词作后置定语需用动词不定式形式。故填to hand。 10.【答案】 to learn【解析】【试题解析】句意：对大多数人来说，学习的唯一外语是英语。 the only+名词+不定式， the only以及这些词修饰的名词后常接不定式作定语。故填to learn。 11.【答案】to find 12.【答案】to learn【解析】考查固定结构。句意：活到老学到老是一句著名的谚语。此处考查“too…to…（太……而不能）”结构。根据句意和提示词可知，故填to learn。 13.【答案】to get【解析】考查搭配（非谓语动词）。enough to do sth足以做某事，固定搭配。故填to get。 14.【答案】to change【解析】句意：一个人永远不会因为太年轻或太老而不能改变自己的形象并且因此开始新的生活。too...to...是固定搭配，译为“太……而不能……”，故填 to change。 15.【答案】to be noticed【解析】考查不定式被动语态。句意：英美英语在词汇和语法上的差异是微不足道的，很少有人注意到。在固定搭配“so...as to do”中，要使用不定式，因动词notice和名词differences之间是动宾关系，要使用被动语态。故填to be noticed。 【课堂检测】 七选五 Spanish Wedding Weddings are big and important things in Spain. You're likely to find the whole family and the whole village turn out to celebrate. （1） ______ Some of the customs are similar, such as throwing rice,but others are less familiar. （ 2） ______ The main part of a traditional wedding is the groom presenting the bride with 13 coins,which represent his promise to support her. However, times have changed and today's brides and grooms exchange the coins as a symbol of the wealth they will equally share. Spanish weddings do not include bridesmaids（伴娘） or groomsmen（伴郎）.（3） ______ There is no Best Man or Maid of Honor. At the reception, the head table is traditionally set for 6 people： the bride, the groom and their parents. （4） ______ Bridesmaids are a part of Spanish wedding. During the wedding reception, the bride and groom go from table to table carrying a basket with small wedding presents. The men will be offered a cigar or a mini-bottle of wine. And the women will be offered a little present. This may be the time in which guests also "hand back" the preferred wedding gift： money in envelopes. （ 5） ______ A. Most Spanish weddings are connected with coins. B. But today, with Hollywood's influence weddings change a bit. C. The couple stand together at the altar（圣坛）with no one else. D. Therefore, you will find the traditional weddings are crowded. E. In Spain, the wedding ring is worn on the ring finger of the right hand. F. Invitations are usually sent out one or two weeks before the wedding ceremony. G. Some couples also send out the number of a bank account along with the invitation. 答案： 1. D. 推理判断题。上文"You're likely to find the whole family and the whole village turn out to celebrate.（你可能会发现整个家庭和整个村庄都出来庆祝。）"说明在西班牙婚礼上人很多且热闹。D选项Therefore, you will find the traditional weddings are crowded.（因此，你会发现传统的婚礼是拥挤的。）符合文意。故选D项。 2. A. 推理判断题。下文"The main part of a traditional wedding is the groom presenting the bride with 13 coins, which represent his promise to support her. However, times have changed and today's brides and grooms exchange the coins as a symbol of the wealth they will equally share.（传统婚礼的主要部分是新郎向新娘赠送13枚硬币，这代表他支持她的承诺。然而，时代变了，今天的新娘和新郎交换硬币，作为他们将平等分享的财富的象征。）"说明不论是传统还是现代婚礼都和硬币有关。A选项Most Spanish weddings are connected with coins.（大多数西班牙人的婚礼都和硬币有关。）符合文意。故选A项。 3. C. 推理判断题。下文"There is no Best Man or Maid of Honor.（没有伴郎和伴娘。）"说明婚礼上是没有伴郎伴娘的。C选项The couple stand together at the altar （圣坛） with no one else.（这对新人单独站在圣坛上。）符合文意。故选C项。 4. B. 细节理解题。上文"There is no Best Man or Maid of Honor.（没有伴郎和伴娘。）"说明传统婚礼上是没有伴郎伴娘的。下文"Bridesmaids are a part of Spanish wedding.（伴娘是西班牙婚礼的一部分。）"说明现代婚礼和传统婚礼是有不同的。B选项But today, with Hollywood's influence weddings change a bit.（但是今天，在好莱坞的影响下，婚礼发生了一些变化。）符合文意。故选B项。 5. G. 细节理解题。上文"This may be the time in which guests also "hand back" the preferred wedding gift： money in envelopes.（在这个时候，客人们也会把自己喜欢的结婚礼物"递"回去：装在信封里的钱。）"说明结婚礼物和钱有关。G选项Some couples also send out the number of a bank account along with the invitation.（有些情侣还会在邀请函中附上银行账户的号码。）与钱有关，符合文意。故选G项。 【要点回顾】 【温故知新】 I. 阅读理解 We recognize our friends' faces. And we're not alone. Many social animals can identify individuals of their own species by features o their faces. That's important, because they need to be able to change their behavior depending on who they meet. And a recent research has shown that some species of monkeys, birds, and domesticated（家养的）animals can even tell different faces apart by looking at photographs alone. Ethologist Lea Lansade of the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment did an experiment to find out how well horses can recognize individual people in photographs. She and her team first taught the horses how to "choose" between two side-by-side pictures by touching their noses to a computer screen. The horses were then shown photos of their present keeper alongside faces of unfamiliar humans. They had never seen photos of any of the people before. The horses correctly identified their current keeper and ignored（忽视）the stranger's face about 75% of the time. In fact, even though the horses didn't get it right every single time, they were at least as correct in picking out their earlier keeper as they were at identifying their present one. The results suggest that not only can horses differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, they also naturally understand that photographs are two- dimensional representations（二维呈现）of real life, without any other intimations such as smell or sound. And they're even better at this than our oldest animal parter, the domestic dog. In addition, horses seem to have a strong long-term memory for human faces, like their long lifespan and history of domestication. In future experiments, the researchers would like to test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause horses to act anxious or even avoidance. So maybe think twice before doing anything that might give a horse a long face. 1. Why did researchers show the horses both the keeper's photos and the strangers' A. To find out what horses would do in the experiment. B. To see why horses could recognize the keeper in the pictures. C. To test whether horses could recognize the strangers in pictures. D. To study to what degree horses can make out different people in pictures. 2. What does the underlined word "intimations" in paragraph 4 refer to A. clues B. differences C. photographs D. senses 3. What are researchers still uncertain about A. Whether horses can live longer than other animals. B. Whether horses can remember human's faces for a long time. C. Whether horses can show their emotions at the sight of photos. D. Whether horses are better at recognizing photos than other animals. 4. What is the purpose of the text A. To talk about animals' species. B. To explain animals' facial features. C. To show animals' behaviour for adaptation. D. To introduce animals' ability to identifying faces. B Halloween is a great time in the lives of both children and adults. However, even the best Halloween can be ruined by trees filled with toilet paper and egg residues（残渣）that won't wash of. How can you keep your home safe on Halloween？ There are some measures you can take. Make it known that you're at home. Pranksters are less likely to play a trick if they know someone is at home. You may want to close the glass on your screen door and open your front door so that you can see everyone moving around outside. This also allows pranksters to see that you're at home. Turn on the lights inside your home and outside. Having all the lights on lets pranksters know that you're not only at home, but you're awake. If a prankster knows you're awake, he'll be more likely to skip （快速溜走）your house and head for another one. Even if you need to get in bed early, keep all the lights on except in your bedroom. Pranksters aren't going to know which room is your bedroom. Ask the police to patrol the area. It's a policeman's job to keep citizens safe, especially on Halloween. In some cities the crime rate can increase fast on October 31. A polite call to your local police station should get you the service you need. Above all, no pranksters are going to throw eggs at your house when the policemen are patrolling the area. Set up a neighborhood watch. One of the best ways to keep your home safe on Halloween is to get the neighbors involved. No one wants his trees covered with toilet paper. Ask your neighbors to keep their eyes open and to follow the same steps you've taken to help keep your home safe. If the entire neighborhood is lit up, pranksters are less likely to stop by. 5. The underlined word "Pranksters" in Paragraph 2 probably means those who______. A. like Halloween very much B. play practical jokes on people C. often commit a crime at night D. enter one's house by force 6. How can you make pranksters know you are at home and skip your house A. By moving around outside your house. B. By closing your front door. C. By turning on inside and outside lights. D. By keeping your house quiet and dark. 7. According to the fourth paragraph, we can learn________. A. a policeman's main task is to patrol the area B. the crime rate increases fast in some cities C. you have to pay for a policeman to patrol your area D. the policemen can help a lot with your home safety on Halloween 8. The last paragraph stresses the importance of ___________. A. neighborhood teamwork B. keeping homes safe C. being on one's guard D. informing every one of the danger 答案： A 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以马为例做了面孔识别能力实验，主要探究动物能否像人类一样识别人脸。 1. D.推理判断题。根据第三段The horses correctly identified their current keeper and ignored （忽视） the stranger's face about 75%of the time.（在75%的情况下，这些马能正确识别出它们现在的主人，并忽略陌生人的脸）"可知，科学家通过这种方式来验证马能否识别熟脸。由此可知，研究人员给马看饲养员和陌生人的照片是为了研究马能在多大程度上分辨出照片中的不同人。故选D项 2. A.词句猜测题。根据第四段The results suggest that not only can horses differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, they also naturally understand that photographs are two dimensional representations of real life, without any other intimations such as smell or sound.（结果表明，马不仅能区分熟悉和不熟悉的人脸 ，它们还能很自然地理解照片是真实生活的二维表征，没有任何其他intimations ，如气味或声音）可知，马仅仅通过脸相，而不是气味、声音等线索、依据"来识别。由此推知，划线词intimations与dues意思接近。A. clues线索；B. differences不同；C. photographs照片；D. senses意识。故选A项。 3. C.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句In future experiments, the researchers would like to test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause horses to act anxious or even avoidance. （在未来的实验中，研究人员想测试一下，看过去有过不好经历的人的照片是否会导致马表现出焦虑甚至回避）可推知，马是否能表达感情，研究者还不确定。故选C项。 4. D.推理判断题。根据第一段We recognize our friends' faces. And we're not alone. Many social animals can identify individuals of their own species by features of their faces. That's important, because they need to be able to change their behavior depending on who they meet. And a recent research has shown that some species of monkeys, birds, and domesticated （家养的） animals can even tell different faces apart by looking at photographs alone.（我们识别得了朋友的脸。但并不是只有我们（人类）可以做到。许多群居动物可以通过面部特征来识别同类。这很重要，因为他们需要能够根据他们遇到的人改变他们的行为。最近的项研究表明，一些种类的猴子、 鸟类和家养动物甚至可以通过单独看照片来区分不同的面孔）可知，有一些动物可以识别不同的面孔，结合下文内容描写马的面孔识别实验可知，本文主要是介绍动物识别面孔的能力。故选D项。 B 【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些对付万圣 节恶作剧者的措施。 5. B.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段"Halloween is a great time in the lives of both children and adults. However, even the best Halloween can be ruined by trees filled with toilet paper and egg residues（残渣）that won't wash of. How can you keep your home safe on Halloween？ There are some measures you can take." （万圣节是儿童和成人生活中的一个重要时刻。然而，即使是最好的万圣节也可能被装满厕纸和鸡蛋残渣的树给毁了。） 可知，万圣节期间，可能会有人开些过火的玩笑（恶作剧） ， 使人烦恼，再根据划线词句"Pranksters are less likely to play a trick if they know someone is at home." （如果他们知道有人在家， Pranksters不太可能开玩笑。） 从而推断，划线词汇Pranksters为开玩笑搞恶作剧者" ，选项B与之意义最为接近。故选B项。 6. C.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Turn on the lights inside your home and outside. Having all the lights on lets pranksters know that you're not only at home, but you're awake. If a prankster knows you're awake, he'll be more likely to skip （快速溜走）your house and head for another one." （打开你家里和外面的灯。所有的灯都亮着，让恶作剧者知道你不仅在家，而且你还醒着。如果一个爱恶作剧的人知道你醒着，他很可能会快速从你的房子溜走，去另一个地方。） 可知，要想使恶作剧者知道你在家并从你的房子那里溜走，你应该打开你家里和外面的灯。故选C项。 7. D.推理判断题。根据第四段中"Ask the police to patrol the area. It's a policeman's job to keep citizens safe, especially on Halloween." （要求警察在这个地区巡逻。保护市民的安全是警察的工作，特别是在万圣节。） 结合文章主题"介绍几个对付万圣节恶作剧者的措施。可知，在万圣节这天，警察可以在家庭安全方面帮助你很多。故选D项。 8. A.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Set up a neighborhood watch. One of the best ways to keep your home safe on Halloween is to get the neighbors involved." （建立邻里监督。在万圣节这天，保证你家安全的最好方法之一就是让邻居们参与进来。 ） 可知本段重点强调了邻里间的团队合作。故选A项。 Ⅱ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the new academic year begins, freshmen are entering college campuses across the country, many of them accompanied by parents. Xidian University in Xi'an city has introduced a policy that has caught everyone's attention. It will give away "Freshman Independence Award" to those 1. ______ come to college alone, not accompanied by parents. Awardees will receive a certificate, a specially2. ______ （design） T-shirt, and a photograph of them entering the campus. That's a very 3. ______ （create） idea and will encourage the young to be bold enough to travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers on their own 4. ______ （ reach） their new colleges. After all, being independent is 5. ______ essential part of growing up. Most college freshmen are just 18 and have had little chance of travelling in the past years, as they 6. ______ （ occupy）with their high school work. Going to college could be their first chance to be on their own. The policy might 7. ______ （ actual） encourage them to be independent. However, that does not mean those coming accompanied by parents should be laughed 8. ______ . Many families look forward to the moment when 9. ______ （ they） children will go to college and would like to capture the moment. Many families thus travel from one city to another with their college-going members in 10. ______ （ celebrate）. 答案：
本文是说明文。随着新学年的开始，全国各地的大一新生纷纷进入大学校园，他们中的许多人都是在家长的陪伴下入学的。本文讨论了大学新生报到是否应该家人陪伴的问题。 1. who.考查定语从句。句意：学校将颁发"新生独立奖"给那些独自来大学而没有父母陪伴的学生。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰those,从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who,故填who。 2. designed.考查过去分词。句意：获奖者将获得一份证书，一件特别设计的t恤，以及一张他们进入校园留念的照片。分析句子可知，design作定语，修饰T-shirt,二者之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填designed。 3. creative.考查形容词。句意：这是一个非常有创意的想法，将鼓励年轻人勇敢地独自旅行数百或数千公里去他们新的大学。分析句子可知，修饰名词用形容词，故填creative。 4. to reach.考查不定式。句意：这是一个非常有创意的想法，将鼓励年轻人勇敢地独自旅行数百或数千公里去他们新的大学。" travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers on their own " 旅行数百数千公里为了做某事，分析句子可知，to reach不定式是目的状语，故填to reach。 5. an.考查冠词。句意：毕竟，独立是成长的重要组成部分。part是可数名词，根据句意，此处表示泛指，且essential以元音音素开头，故填an。 6. were occupied.考查动词时态语态。句意：大多数大学新生都只有18岁，由于他们在高中时忙于学习，很少有机会去旅游。be occupied with sth."忙于做某事"，是固定短语，由with their high school work 可推断，用一般过去时，且主语they是复数，故填were occupied。 7. actually.考查副词。句意：这项政策实际上可能会鼓励他们变得独立。修饰动词encourage用副词作状语，故填actually。 8. at.考查介词。句意：然而，这并不意味着有父母陪伴的孩子就应该被嘲笑。laugh at嘲笑，是固定短语，根据句意，故填at。 9. their.考查代词。句意：许多家庭都期待着他们的孩子上大学的那一刻，并想要体验那一刻。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 10.celebration.考查名词。句意：许多家庭因此与他们上大学的成员从一个城市旅行到另一个城市来庆祝。介词后接名词作宾语，celebration"庆祝"，此处用作不可数名词。故填celebration。 预习思考 预习第二单元后半部分的内容，为下节课的学习做好准备。课程主题：M3U2上核心知识点梳理 授课时间：
学习目标 1. 掌握模块三第二单元Reading部分的核心词汇； 2.掌握第二单元的语法不定式的用法。
教学内容
【进门测试】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 So far, construction work for the high-speed railway line linking Beijing and Zhangjiakou 1. ______ （complete）.It is reported that the railway line can reach a top speed of up to 217mph（350km/h），which will be put into 2.______（operate）by the end of the year. The new line, 3. ______ （build）in preparation for the 4. ______ （twenty-four）Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, has just entered service, reducing journey time between the capital and Zhangjiakou, which will stage most of the skiing events, from three hours to 47 minutes. Zhangjiakou, 5.______ the north of Hebei province, will host snowboarding, freestyle skiing and ski jumping at the Games. Another major Olympic host on the new line is Yanqing, 6. ______ skiing and luge（单雪橇）events will take place. Skating, ice-hockey and freestyle skiing will be held in the capital. The trains will start and stop at stations automatically（自动地）to a precise timetable, and change speed 7. ______ （depend）on limits between stations. However, a monitoring driver will still be on board in case of emergencies. Large storage 8. ______ （ area）have been designed in the trains for athletes' winter sports equipment. The carriages are equipped with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and 9.______ variety of real-time safety sensors（传感器）.This will 10. ______ （ great）satisfy passengers' need. 【多元导学】 【互动精讲】 【知识梳理1】 1. injury injure vt. 伤害，损害 injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的 原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, 却仅有5名学生受轻伤(教材P16) ◆ vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 (1) serious injury/injuries 重伤 minor injuries 轻伤 sustain injuries/an injury 受伤 escape injury 险受伤害 do sb/ oneself an injury/ do an injury to oneself/sb 使… 受伤 (2) get injured 受伤 ①She was awarded $3,500 for injury to her feelings. 她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。 ②She was lucky to escape serious injury. 她很幸运，没有受到严重的伤害。 ③In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured. 在交通事故中，两人遇难，三人受伤。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①She was awarded $3,500 for ____________________. 她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。 ②This could __________________ the company's reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。 ③Running too much too soon is one of the easiest ways to _______________. 跑的过多过快是最容易受伤的一种方式。 2. reaction react vi. 反应，作出反应；产生（化学）反应 原文：Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速而正确—他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。(教材P16) ◆n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 (1) in reaction to 对…的反应 reaction against 拒绝；对…的反抗 (2) react to 对…起反应；对(食物)有不良反应 react against 反抗，对抗某人/ 某事 ①There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director. 对她获任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。 ②All new fashion starts out as a reaction against existing convention. 所有新时尚都是从反抗现存习俗开始的。 ③Local residents have reacted angrily to the news. 当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①__________________ the phenomenon, some people called for raising the air pollution tax. 为了应对这一现象，有人要求增加空气污染税。 ②Still we are constantly __________________ our ignorance. 然而，我们也在不停地抗拒着我们的无知。 ③People can __________________ certain food additives. 人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏 3. confirm confirmation n. 确认；证实；证明；批准 confirmed adj. 确认的 confirmable 可证实的；可确定的 原文： After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，大家才松了一口气，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。(教材P16) ◆vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 conform sth 确认，证实… conform that/ wh-clause 确认，证实 conform sb in sth 使某人确信某事 It has been confirmed that… 已确定 ①Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。 ②Has everyone confirmed (that) they're coming 他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？ ③It has confirmed me in my decision not to become a nun. 这已让我坚信我不当修女的决定是正确的。 【跟踪典例】 ①I'm still waiting for _________________ of the test results. 我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。 ②The walk in the mountains _____________________. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。 ③______________________ the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。 4. occur occurred occurrent adj.正在发生的；偶然发生的 occurrence n. 发生；出现；事件；发现 原文：It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。(教材P17) ◆vi. 发生，出现；存在于 sth occur(s) to sb 某人突然想起某事 sth escape(s) sb 某人忘记某事 It occurs to/ strikes/ hits sb that 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到要做某事 ①When exactly did the incident occur 这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？ ②The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①______________________ London seems to afford him a freedom he doesn't have in New York or Los Angeles. 这提醒了我，在伦敦他有着比在纽约或者洛杉矶更多的自由。 ②______________________ to ask for help. 她没想到请别人帮忙。 ③A good idea ___________________ when I woke up this morning. 今天早上醒来时我突然有一个好点子。 5. relief relieve vt.解除，减轻；使放心 原文：To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到危险即将来临。(教材P17) ◆n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 (1)in relief 如释重负，松了口气 to one’s relief 令人感到欣慰的是 with relief 宽慰的 It’s a relief to do sth 做某事是令人欣慰的 What a relief！ 可轻松了 (2)relieve sb of 解除某人某方面的负担 relieve anxiety/guilt/stress 消除焦虑/内疚/缓解压力 ①We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。 ②It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了 ③The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork. 新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。 【跟踪典例】 ①___________________, the car was not damaged. 令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。 ②Hearing that we all pass the exam, the whole class sighed _______________. 听到我们所有人都及格的消息之后，全班都舒了一口气。 ③Nothing could ___________ my terrible sense of blame. 没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。 6. inform information n. 信息 informed adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的 原文：Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记住要提醒自己发生了什么。(教材P19) ◆vt. 了解，熟悉；通知 inform sb of/ about sth 通知某人某事 inform sb that… 通知；告知 keep sb informed of sth 随时告知某人某事 inform against 检举；告发 【跟踪典例】 ①Please __________________ any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。 ②We regret to __________________ your application has not been successful. 我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。 ③Please ____________________ fresh developments. 请随时告诉我最新的进展情况。 7. be doing… when 原文：Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯 · 布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。(教材P16) 【句式分析】 本句中 “be doing… when ”，意为“正在做某事，突然…”。 be about to do sth… when/ be on the point of doing … when意为“正要做某事。突然…” had just done sth… when 意为“刚刚做了某事，突然…” ①An agreement was about to be reached when the other side raised new issues. 快要达成协议的时候，对方又节外生枝。 ②He was reading his novel when she came in. 她进来的时候他正在读小说。 ③I had just finished my homework when my father came in. 我刚做完家庭作业，父亲来了。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①I ____________________ when the bell rang. 铃响时我正在吃饭。 ②He was ______________________ something when the phone rang. 他正要说些什么的时候，电话响了。 ③I ____________________ all the invitations and bookings when her boss gave her the new project. 我刚发完所有的请柬，什么都预定好了，这时候她老板给了她一个新项目。 【巩固练习】 I. 单词拼写 1. Medical units were operating in the d__________ area. 2. People's r__________ to the film has varied greatly. 3. Several vehicles were damaged in the c__________. 4. A brief dip into history serves to c__________ this view. 5. The operation itself is a brief, painless __________ (过程). 6. News of their safety came as a great __________ (轻松). 7. A powerful __________ (台风) nearly forced the plane to make an emergency landing. 8. Under such conditions, the __________ (破坏性的) effects of bacteria are diminished. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. Students ____________ large felt that the discipline was too strict. 2. It's a beautiful, clean and ____________(order) city. 3. It did not occur ____________ me to check my insurance policy. 4. ____________ my relief, he realized the importance of study. 5. The wide ____________ (destructive) of acid rain, however, has come to be realized only in recent decades. 6. Please keep me fully ____________ (inform) of any developments. 7. We were having dinner ____________ the door was knocked. 8. How did they ____________ (reaction) when they learned the news 【知识梳理2】 动词不定式 动词不定式的定义：动词不定式（to do），为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。 一. 动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。 ①Is this the best way to solve the problem 这是帮助解决问题的最好方法吗？ ②Can you find a proper person to finish this job in time？ 你能找到合适的人及时完成这项工作吗 【跟踪典例】 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ① Do you have anything ___________ (do)tonight？ 2.不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。 ①He's always the first one to finish the homework.(主谓关系) 他总是第一个完成家庭作业。 ②Please give me something to drink.(动宾关系) 请给我点喝的。 注意：动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。 ①He wanted to find a new apartment to live in. 他想找一所新公寓住。 【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①Do you have anything _____________ (take) to your sister ②Would you please give me some paper _____________ (take) 3．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 ①He is the first to pose an alternative concept of the world. 他是第一个提出另一种新的世界概念的人。 ②Perhaps the best way to read this book is to read it aloud to yourself or with your friends. 也许读这本书最好的方法就是大声地读给自己听或者和朋友一起读。 【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①He was the last person to ____________ (ask) to speak. ②He is the best man ____________ (do) the job. 4．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。 ①We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data. 我们现在有能力收集大量的数据。 ②He was the man behind the plan to build a new hospital. 他就是策划建立新医院的人。 【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①She made a clumsy attempt ____________ (apologize). ②Now he has a chance ____________ (put) his life back in order. 二．动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：so/ such...to; enough...to; too...to; only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。 ①I'm not such a fool as to believe that. 我不至于蠢到相信那种事。 ②The food wasn't enough to satisfy his hunger. 这食物不足以让他解饿。 ③He hurried to the station to find the train had gone. 他匆忙赶往车站，结果发现火车开走了。 注意：too...to...结构并不一定是“太……而不能”之意。与too...to...搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。 She was too tired to take a shower. 她累得不想淋浴了。 【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①He was not brave enough ____________ (report) the loss of the documents. ②The manager got to the company in a hurry, ____________ (find) that he had left his laptop back at home. ③He's old enough to ____________ (make) a trip alone. 【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. Volunteering gives you a chance ________ (change) lives, including your own. 2. US singer Bob Dylan was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature, becoming the first songwriter ________ (win) the honour. 3. I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term. 4. There is a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again. 5. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ (play) in making the earth a better place to live. 6. Whatever difficulties I meet, I have confidence __________ (conquer) them. 7. Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance ________ (keep) American strength. 8. His failure ________ (react) quickly enough caused the crash. 9. Bruce is adored by his teachers, for he is always the first ______(hand) in his homework. 10. To most of the people, it seems that the only foreign language ________ (learn) is English. 11. He hurried to the library only ________ (find) it was closed. 12. It is a famous saying that one is never too old ________ (learn). 13. You are lucky enough ______________ (get) the job. 14. One is never too young nor too old __________ (change) his self-image and thereby start to live a new life. 15. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly __________ (notice). 【课堂检测】 七选五 Spanish Wedding Weddings are big and important things in Spain. You're likely to find the whole family and the whole village turn out to celebrate. （1） ______ Some of the customs are similar, such as throwing rice,but others are less familiar. （ 2） ______ The main part of a traditional wedding is the groom presenting the bride with 13 coins,which represent his promise to support her. However, times have changed and today's brides and grooms exchange the coins as a symbol of the wealth they will equally share. Spanish weddings do not include bridesmaids（伴娘） or groomsmen（伴郎）.（3） ______ There is no Best Man or Maid of Honor. At the reception, the head table is traditionally set for 6 people： the bride, the groom and their parents. （4） ______ Bridesmaids are a part of Spanish wedding. During the wedding reception, the bride and groom go from table to table carrying a basket with small wedding presents. The men will be offered a cigar or a mini-bottle of wine. And the women will be offered a little present. This may be the time in which guests also "hand back" the preferred wedding gift： money in envelopes. （ 5） ______ A. Most Spanish weddings are connected with coins. B. But today, with Hollywood's influence weddings change a bit. C. The couple stand together at the altar（圣坛）with no one else. D. Therefore, you will find the traditional weddings are crowded. E. In Spain, the wedding ring is worn on the ring finger of the right hand. F. Invitations are usually sent out one or two weeks before the wedding ceremony. G. Some couples also send out the number of a bank account along with the invitation. 【要点回顾】 【温故知新】 I. 阅读理解 We recognize our friends' faces. And we're not alone. Many social animals can identify individuals of their own species by features o their faces. That's important, because they need to be able to change their behavior depending on who they meet. And a recent research has shown that some species of monkeys, birds, and domesticated（家养的）animals can even tell different faces apart by looking at photographs alone. Ethologist Lea Lansade of the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment did an experiment to find out how well horses can recognize individual people in photographs. She and her team first taught the horses how to "choose" between two side-by-side pictures by touching their noses to a computer screen. The horses were then shown photos of their present keeper alongside faces of unfamiliar humans. They had never seen photos of any of the people before. The horses correctly identified their current keeper and ignored（忽视）the stranger's face about 75% of the time. In fact, even though the horses didn't get it right every single time, they were at least as correct in picking out their earlier keeper as they were at identifying their present one. The results suggest that not only can horses differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, they also naturally understand that photographs are two- dimensional representations（二维呈现）of real life, without any other intimations such as smell or sound. And they're even better at this than our oldest animal parter, the domestic dog. In addition, horses seem to have a strong long-term memory for human faces, like their long lifespan and history of domestication. In future experiments, the researchers would like to test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause horses to act anxious or even avoidance. So maybe think twice before doing anything that might give a horse a long face. 1. Why did researchers show the horses both the keeper's photos and the strangers' A. To find out what horses would do in the experiment. B. To see why horses could recognize the keeper in the pictures. C. To test whether horses could recognize the strangers in pictures. D. To study to what degree horses can make out different people in pictures. 2. What does the underlined word "intimations" in paragraph 4 refer to A. clues B. differences C. photographs D. senses 3. What are researchers still uncertain about A. Whether horses can live longer than other animals. B. Whether horses can remember human's faces for a long time. C. Whether horses can show their emotions at the sight of photos. D. Whether horses are better at recognizing photos than other animals. 4. What is the purpose of the text A. To talk about animals' species. B. To explain animals' facial features. C. To show animals' behaviour for adaptation. D. To introduce animals' ability to identifying faces. B Halloween is a great time in the lives of both children and adults. However, even the best Halloween can be ruined by trees filled with toilet paper and egg residues（残渣）that won't wash of. How can you keep your home safe on Halloween？ There are some measures you can take. Make it known that you're at home. Pranksters are less likely to play a trick if they know someone is at home. You may want to close the glass on your screen door and open your front door so that you can see everyone moving around outside. This also allows pranksters to see that you're at home. Turn on the lights inside your home and outside. Having all the lights on lets pranksters know that you're not only at home, but you're awake. If a prankster knows you're awake, he'll be more likely to skip （快速溜走）your house and head for another one. Even if you need to get in bed early, keep all the lights on except in your bedroom. Pranksters aren't going to know which room is your bedroom. Ask the police to patrol the area. It's a policeman's job to keep citizens safe, especially on Halloween. In some cities the crime rate can increase fast on October 31. A polite call to your local police station should get you the service you need. Above all, no pranksters are going to throw eggs at your house when the policemen are patrolling the area. Set up a neighborhood watch. One of the best ways to keep your home safe on Halloween is to get the neighbors involved. No one wants his trees covered with toilet paper. Ask your neighbors to keep their eyes open and to follow the same steps you've taken to help keep your home safe. If the entire neighborhood is lit up, pranksters are less likely to stop by. 5. The underlined word "Pranksters" in Paragraph 2 probably means those who______. A. like Halloween very much B. play practical jokes on people C. often commit a crime at night D. enter one's house by force 6. How can you make pranksters know you are at home and skip your house A. By moving around outside your house. B. By closing your front door. C. By turning on inside and outside lights. D. By keeping your house quiet and dark. 7. According to the fourth paragraph, we can learn________. A. a policeman's main task is to patrol the area B. the crime rate increases fast in some cities C. you have to pay for a policeman to patrol your area D. the policemen can help a lot with your home safety on Halloween 8. The last paragraph stresses the importance of ___________. A. neighborhood teamwork B. keeping homes safe C. being on one's guard D. informing every one of the danger Ⅱ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the new academic year begins, freshmen are entering college campuses across the country, many of them accompanied by parents. Xidian University in Xi'an city has introduced a policy that has caught everyone's attention. It will give away "Freshman Independence Award" to those 1. ______ come to college alone, not accompanied by parents. Awardees will receive a certificate, a specially2. ______ （design） T-shirt, and a photograph of them entering the campus. That's a very 3. ______ （create） idea and will encourage the young to be bold enough to travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers on their own 4. ______ （ reach） their new colleges. After all, being independent is 5. ______ essential part of growing up. Most college freshmen are just 18 and have had little chance of travelling in the past years, as they 6. ______ （ occupy）with their high school work. Going to college could be their first chance to be on their own. The policy might 7. ______ （ actual） encourage them to be independent. However, that does not mean those coming accompanied by parents should be laughed 8. ______ . Many families look forward to the moment when 9. ______ （ they） children will go to college and would like to capture the moment. Many families thus travel from one city to another with their college-going members in 10. ______ （ celebrate）. 预习思考 预习第二单元后半部分的内容，为下节课的学习做好准备。
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