课程主题：M3U2下核心知识点梳理 授课时间：
学习目标 1. 掌握第二单元后半部分的核心词汇和句型； 2. 掌握这些词汇和句型在新高考中的应用。
教学内容
【进门测试】 建议5min 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Now many singers and bands have little to do with good music. They know little about what good music means. What is the cause？ Most of these singers so far have1. （ see） music as a "job" because it is a good source of 2. （make） money. And if you have a good 3. （appear） and also original or expensive clothes to show off at your concerts then your voice is not 4. important as it should be. The public will prefer to admire more the most interesting parts of your body and even forget that you are there 5. （show） your music skills, not your dancing, which is important too, but not at such a high level. Therefore, many young girls on TV choose to wear 6. most provocative （挑逗性的）clothes to catch attention, but when it comes to singing they are in a complete mess and one doesn't need to have an ear for music to notice their lack 7. talent. However, the young generation should understand talent and a good voice matter more in their musical career. All the 8. （performance） that have little to do with good music fail to be welcomed on stage. If a young man has a great voice and wants to become a 9. （success）singer, he should take some special courses in this area, because they will help （he）improve singing abilities. 答案： 1. seen. 考查过去分词。句意：到目前为止，大多数歌手都把音乐视为一种"工作"，因为它是赚钱的好来源。see sth.as"把某事看作（视为）"，so far"到目前为止"，用于现在完成时，空格前有助动词have, see的过去分词是seen,故填seen。 2. making. 考查动名词。句意：到目前为止，大多数歌手都把音乐视为一种"工作"，因为它是赚钱的好来源。介词of后面用动词的ing形式作宾语，故填making。 3. appearance. 考查名词。句意：如果你有一个好的外表，也有原创或昂贵的衣服在你的音乐会上炫耀，那么你的声音就不是那么重要了。根据空格前a good可以判断，此处应用单数名词appearance"外貌；外表"，故填appearance。 4. as. 考查副词。句意：如果你有一个好的外表，也有原创或昂贵的衣服在你的音乐会上炫耀，那么你的声音就不是那么重要了。as+ adj./ adv. +as…意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较。第一个as为副词，通常修饰形容词或副词，第二个as为连词。故填as。 5. to show. 考查不定式。句意：公众更喜欢欣赏你身体中最有趣的部分，甚至忘了你是来展示你的音乐技巧的，而不是你的舞蹈。分析句子可知，此处表示"你来这里"的目的，应用动词不定式，故填to show。 6. the. 考查冠词。句意：因此，电视上的许多年轻女孩选择穿最具挑逗性的衣服来吸引眼球，但当谈到唱歌时，她们就一团糟了，不需要听音乐就可以发现她们缺乏才华。根据空格后most provocative, 此处为形容词最高级，前面需加定冠词the,故填the。 7. of. 考查介词。句意：因此，电视上的许多年轻女孩选择穿最具挑逗性的衣服来吸引眼球，但当谈到唱歌时，她们就一团糟了，不需要听音乐就可以发现她们缺乏才华。lack of"缺少；缺乏"，固定搭配，故填of. 8. performances. 考查名词复数。句意：所有的与好音乐无关的表演都不受欢迎。performance"表演；演出"，可数名词，前面有all修饰，应用复数形式，故填performances。 9. successful. 考查形容词。句意：如果一个年轻人有一副好嗓子，想成为一个成功的歌手，他应该学习这方面的一些专门课程，因为这些课程将帮助他提高歌唱能力。此处作定语修饰名词singer,应用形容词successful"成功的"，故填successful。 10. him. 考查代词。句意：如果一个年轻人有一副好嗓子，想成为一个成功的歌手，他应该学习这方面的一些专门课程，因为这些课程将帮助他提高歌唱能力。此处作动词help的宾语，应用代词的宾格him,故填him。 【多元导学】 建议10min What do you know about the hurricane 【互动精讲】 【知识梳理1】Grammar & Integrated skills核心词汇和句型 1. shock shocked adj.震惊的；震撼的 shocking adj.令人震惊的；可怕的，令人厌恶的；糟糕的 原文：As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock. 你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。 (教材20) ◆ n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊 (1) in shock 休克；处于极度震惊状态 culture shock 文化冲击 suffer from shock 休克 (2) be shocked at 对……感到惊讶；震惊 be shocked that… 对…感到惊讶；震惊 shocking behaviour 骇人听闻的行为 shocking news 令人震惊的消息 ①She still hadn't got over the shock of seeing him again. 竟然又见到了他，她到现在还惊愕不已。 ②We were all shocked at the news of his death. 听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊 ③The house was left in a shocking state. 那座房子破败得不成样子了。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①It is ______________ that they involved children in the crime. 令人发指的是，他们教唆儿童参与犯罪活动。 ②Her death was ______________________ to us all. 她的死使我们所有人都感到非常震惊。 ③I _____________________ she should forget me so quickly. 我很震惊，她竟然这么快就忘记我了。 【答案】 ①shocking ②a great shock ③was shocked that 2. scare scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 scared adj. 害怕的 原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, 大风和大雨并没有吓到我, (教材P20) ◆vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓 (1)scare sb in to doing sth 恐慌某人做某事 scare away/ off 把…吓跑 (2)be scared to death 被吓死；害怕的要死 be scared to do sth/ of doing sth 害怕做某事 be scared that… 害怕… ①We're afraid of failure, so we scare others into cooperating with us. 我们害怕失败，因此，我们就吓唬他人要跟我们合作。 ②In high school I was scared to death of you. 高中时我怕你怕得要命。 ③Don't be scared to learn something new. 不要害怕学新东西。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①They will __________________ small birds. 它们会把小鸟吓跑。 ②He looks _____________ but he's really a gentle giant. 他看上去可怕，实际却是个性格温和的巨人。 ③Kelly ____________________ she would not be able to go very far. 凯莉怕她走不了多远。 【答案】 ①scare away ②scary ③was scared that 3. supply provide/ offer(同义词) 原文： Were you afraid of running out of supplies 你是怕补给用完了吗 (教材P20) ◆n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt. 供应，供给，提供 (1)supply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb 提供给某人某物 (2)a good supply of 大量的 in short supply 供应不足，短缺 supply and demand 供给和需求 (3) provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb提供给某人某物 offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb提供给某人某物 ①We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials. 我们不能保证提供充足的原料。 ②We supply the travel ticket to you and your cycle. 我们为您和您的自行车提供旅行票。 ③Food is in short supply all over the country. 食品在全国各地都供应不足。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①There's usually __________________ resources around the town center. 通常情况下城镇中心周围有相当好的资源供给。 ②The company decided to ___________ the local schools ____________ multimedia equipment. The company decided to ___________ multimedia equipment ____________ the local schools. 该公司决定向当地的学校提供多媒体设备。 【答案】①a good supply of ②supply, with; supply ,to 4. donate donation n. 捐款，捐赠物；捐赠 donator n. 捐赠者 原文：Many people came to help, food and clothes to charities. 许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。(教材P20) ◆捐赠，赠送；献（血） (1) donate… to… 把… 捐赠给… (2) make a donation to 向…捐赠 a generous/large/small donation 慷慨/大量/少量捐助 organ donation器官捐献 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①I think it would be better to ___________________ a temporary shelter for the homeless. 我觉得把钱捐给无家可归者的临时收容所更好。 ②Would you like to ___________________ our charity appeal 你愿意响应我们慈善团体呼吁来捐物吗？ 【答案】①donate money to ②make a donation to 5. otherwise 原文：…otherwise the moving water could wash the car away! …否则流动的水会把车冲走! (教材P23) ◆adv. 否则，不然；除此以外 or otherwise或其他情况；或相反 and otherwise 等等；及其他 true or otherwise 真真假假 祈使句+otherwise+陈述句 ①My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip. 我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。 ②Bismarck, otherwise known as ‘the Iron Chancellor’ 俾斯麦，亦称为“铁血首相” ③It was necessary to discover the truth or otherwise of these statements. 有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假性。 【跟踪典例】 ①We're committed to the project. We wouldn't be here ______________. 我们是全心全意投入这项工作的，否则我们就不会到这里来了 ②It was necessary to discover the __________________ of these statements. 有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假性。 ②You must work hard ______________ you will lose your place in the class. 你必须努力学习，否则你在班上的名次就保不住了。 【答案】①otherwise ②truth or otherwise ③otherwise 6.curious curiously adv. 好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心 原文：She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。 （教材P23） ◆adj. 好奇的；奇特的 (1) be curious about 对… 感到好奇 be curious to do sth 极想做某事 It’s curious that… 真奇怪… (2) out of curiosity 处于好奇 with curiosity/ curiously 好奇地 meet/ satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 ①They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。 ②It was curious that she didn't tell anyone. 她没有告诉任何人，这很反常。 ③The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity. 那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它拆开了。 【跟踪典例】 ①I ____________________ whether you will take kindly to this new solution. 我很好奇，想知道你是否会欣然接受这个新的解决方案。 ②____________________, I read English stories everyday. 为了满足我的好奇心，我每天都看英语故事。 ③"What are you doing here " asked Lisa ______________. “你在这里做什么？”丽莎好奇地问。 【答案】①am curious to know ②To meet my curiosity ③with curiosity 7. 情态动词+have+ done 原文： The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很多破坏和痛苦。(教材P20) 【句式分析】 本句中“must have caused”是情态动词+have+done结构，意为“过去肯定做过某事”，表示对过去肯定的推测。 情态动词+have+done结构可表示对过去的推测和对过去的虚拟语气，其中表示对过去的推测的还有： couldn't/ can’t have done过去不可能做过某事 might have done 过去有可能做了某事 might not have done过去有可能没做某事 表示对过去的虚拟语气的有： should have done过去本该做某事却没做 shouldn't have done过去本不该做某事却做了 would have done过去本想做但并未做 wouldn't have done过去本不想做但发生了 need have done过去需要做某事但却没做 needn't have done过去不必做某事但却做了 【跟踪典例】 ①He said I ___________________ something bad to deserve it. 他说我肯定是罪有应得。 ②They ___________________ it much more earlier. 他们早就应该这么做了。 ③Peter ___________________ it yesterday. 彼得昨天本不必做这件事。 ④He ___________________ such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long. 他不可能做出这样糟糕的事，让你等这么长的时间。 【答案】①must have done ②should have done ③needn't have done ④can't have done 8. 现在分词作伴随状语 原文： Many people came to help, food and clothes to charities. 许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。(教材P20) 【句式分析】 本句中“donating food and clothes to charities”在句中作状语，伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。“donating”为现在分词，和其逻辑主语“many people”是主动关系，即人们捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。过去分词(即done) 则表示被动关系。 ①All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 ②The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground, surrounded by a group of students. 那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The dog entered the room, ___________(follow) his master 这条狗跟着主人进了屋。 ②The master entered the room, ___________(follow) by his dog 主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。 【答案】①following ②followed 9. 现在分词作后置定语 原文：I saw a note from Mr Li on the office door saying he was in the meeting room. 我在办公室门上看到一张李先生的便条，说他在会议室。(教材P21) 【句式分析】 本句中“saying he was in the meeting room” 做“note”的后置定语，意为“写着他在会议室的便条”。 定语是指起修饰限定作用的句子成分，多翻译为“... 的”， 后置定语，顾名思义，放在被修饰词后的定语。现在分词（doing）作定语， 多表主动和进行的含义。有别于过去分词(done)，表被动含义。 ①A room facing the sea 一个面朝大海的房间 （房间面向大海，主动） ②A girl standing at the gate 一个正站在门边的女孩 （女孩站在门口，主动） ③A girl called lily 一个被叫做lily的女孩 (女孩被叫做lily，被动) ④A machine invented by the scientists 一个被科学家发明的机器 (机器被发明，被动) 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The book _________ (write) by him sells well.. 它写的书很畅销。 ②The man __________ (talk) to my mom is my English teacher. 正在和我妈妈谈话的人是我的英语老师。 【答案】①written ②talking 【巩固练习】 I. 单词拼写 1. People were swimming in the ocean despite the h__________ warning. 2. The largest c__________ room could seat 5,000 people. 3. Political p__________ depends upon economic strength. 4. They are very generous givers to c__________. 5. The insurance __________ (基金) would inject $750 into the banks. 6. She repainted the __________ (在楼上的) rooms and closed off the second floor. 7. We don't want this __________ (文件) falling into the wrong hands. 8. The __________ (员工)in this shop are very helpful. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. We were ___________ (shock) at the size of his debts. 2. He made a noise and scared ___________ the animals. 3. Fears that the world was about to run out ___________ fuel proved groundless. 4. His father will supply him ___________ travelling expenses. 5. Shut the window, ___________ it'll get too cold in here. 6. They ___________ (do) it much more earlier. 7. The dog entered the room, ___________ (follow) his master 8. Children ___________ (introduce) to reading early develop strong verbal skills. 答案： Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. hurricane 2. conference 3. power 4. charity 5. fund 6. downstairs 7. document 8. staff Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. shocked 2. off 3. of 4. with 5. otherwise 6. should have done 7. following 8. introduced 【知识梳理2】Extended reading & Project核心词汇和句型 1. erupt eruptive adj. 暴发的；喷出的 eruption n. 爆发，喷发 原文：His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in the year 79, when Mount Vesuvius erupted. 在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。(教材P25) ◆ （火山）爆发；突然发生 (1)erupt into sth/break out 突然发生；爆发; 突然发出（尤指叫喊） (2) an eruption of despair. 一阵突然的绝望 an eruption of violent protest 暴力抗议的爆发 ①When Davis scored for the third time the crowd erupted. 戴维斯第三次得分，观众欢声雷动。 ②The eruption of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon. 活火山爆发是一种可怕的自然现象。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①My father just ______________ fury. 我父亲勃然大怒。 ②That led to _____________________, and big losses in local elections this month. 这导致了公众忿怒的爆发和地方选举的大失败。 【答案】 ①erupted into ②an eruption of public anger 2. take the form of 原文：It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire! 它形似一株巨树：树干，黑魆魆的；枝叶，那是火！(教材P25) ◆呈现…的形状；采取…的形式 (1)in the form of 以…的形式 in form 在形式上 a form of 一种…的形式 fill in the form 填写表格 (2) A plan formed in my head. 一个计划在我的头脑中形成。 form a line/queue/circle 排成一行/长列/圈 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The training programme _________________ a series of workshops. 培训课程采取一系列研讨会的形式。 ②Help ____________________ will be very welcome. 以钱的形式资助将十分受欢迎。 ③I didn't see enough of the play to __________________ about it. 我对这部戏剧了解得不够，说不出什么意见。 【答案】 ①takes the form of ②in the form of money ③form an opinion 3. unbearable 比较级 more unbearable 最高级 most unbearable bear vt. 忍受,容忍 bearable adj. 可忍受的；支持得住的 unbearably adv. 不堪忍受地；无法容忍地 原文：…and now again it burnt with an unbearable light! …放出刺眼的强光！(教材P26) ◆adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的 unbearable pain 难以忍受的痛苦 unbearably hot 酷热难当 bear the unbearable sorrow 忍受那无法忍受的悲伤 bear/ stand/ put up with忍受,容忍 ①The humidity was becoming unbearable. 这种潮湿使人越来越难以忍受了。 ②He can't bear being/ to be laughed at. 他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。 【跟踪典例】 ①The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of _____________________. 离开城市来到乡村的居民常常感到一种难以忍受的宁静和压抑。 ②She couldn't ___________________ losing him. 失去他的情况她想都不敢想。 【答案】①unbearable stillness and quiet ②bear the thought of 4. break out 原文：The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。(教材P26) ◆突然开始，爆发 break down 出故障; 关系破裂，分解; 奔溃; 拆除;破除（障碍或偏见） break out 爆发，突然发生 break up （关系）破裂，分手，中止，打碎 break through （取得）突破，冲破 break off 突然停止 break of 放弃，改掉（习惯） break into 闯入 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①It's taken a long time to __________________ of my own conventional training. 摆脱我自己的传统训练花了很长一段时间。 ②They _______________ so that Jack can use the phone. 他们闯入了一间办公室，因为杰克需要使用电话。 ③Is it difficult for an Asian entertainer to _______________ the United States 对于一个亚洲艺人来说，想要冲出重围在美国打下一片天地是不是困难的事？ 【答案】 ①break out ②break into an office ③break though 5. beyond economical adj.经济的；节约的；合算的 economy n. 经济；节约；理财 economist n.经济学者 原文：… beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. …他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。(教材P26) ◆adv. 在（或向）较远处；在另一边 prep. 在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出…之外 beyond sb 超出某人的理解能力 beyond control无法控制 beyond one’s wildest dreams 某人做梦也想不到 beyond ones reach 在某人够不到的地方 beyond words 无法用语言形容 beyond comprehension 无法理解 【跟踪典例】 ①Our success was far ________________________. 我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。 ②Their five-year relationship was strained ____________________. 他们长达5年的关系紧张得超过了极限。 ③This was utterly ______________________. 这完全超出了她的理解力。 【答案】①beyond what we thought possible ②beyond breaking point ③beyond her comprehension 6. rescue 原文：search and rescue dogs 搜救犬 (教材P27) ◆n. & vt. 救援，营救，抢救 (1)rescue sb from 从… 营救某人 rescue sth from 使某物免于… (2) come/ go to sb’s rescue 前来/去救某人 a rescue attempt/operation 一次营救行动 a mountain rescue team 高山救援队 rescue workers/boats/helicopters 救援人员/船只/直升机 ①He rescued a child from drowning. 他救起了一名落水儿童。 ②A wealthy benefactor came to their rescue with a generous donation. 一位富有的赞助人慷慨解囊挽救了他们。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①You __________________ an embarrassing situation. 我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。 ②Ten fishermen were saved in _____________________. 在一次惊心动魄的海上营救行动中，十名渔民获救。 【答案】①rescued me from ②a daring sea rescue 7. along with 原文：Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. 进口货物到城内，出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。(教材P25) 【句式分析】 along with= together with.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。类似的用法还有：as well as, with, but, rather than, except等。 ①The teacher, along with his students, is reading a novel. 老师和他的学生们正在读一本小说。 ②A farmer together with some workers is about to help us. 一个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们。 ③Jack as well as her parents is going to London next week. 杰克和他的父母下周要去伦敦。 【跟踪典例】用所给词的适当形式填空 1. A library with 5,000 books ______________ (be) offered to the school. 2. Halen, as well as his brothers, ______________ (go) abroad already. 【答案】1. was 2. has gone 8. as if 引导的虚拟语气 原文：Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; 它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完;(教材P27) 本句是引导的让步状语从句，as if/ as though 意思是 “好像，似乎”。若引导的从句表示非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。具体形式如下： 当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，be 动词用 were 当从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时 （had done） 当从句表示与将来的事情相反，谓语动词用“would/ could/ might+ 动词原形” ①They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。 ②He opened his mouth as if he would say something． 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 ③He talks about Rome as if he had been there before． 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。 【跟踪典例】 ①He talks as if_______________ where she was． 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 ②The girl listened as if she__________________________． 那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的 ③It looks as if_____________________． 看来好像要下雪了。 【答案】 ①he knew ②had been turned to stone ③it might snow 【巩固练习】 I. 单词拼写 1. Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final d___________. 2. We i___________ raw materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 3. The v___________ erupted, raining hot ash over a wide area. 4. The heat in the factory was u___________. 5. We watched the explosion from a safe ___________ (距离). 6. Mornings in our house always follow a set ___________ (模式). 7. Her condition took a ___________ (急剧的) turn for the worse. 8. Try to ___________ (找到…的准确位置) exactly where the smells are entering the room. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. The ___________ (erupt) of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon. 2. Our next class will take the form ___________ a debate. 3. No one has the right to break ___________ his neighbor's house. 4. Her manner was cold and ___________ (distance). 5. Stay where you are, we'll come ___________ rescue you! 6. I could pinpoint his precise ___________ (locate) on a map. 7. Jim, together with his classmates, ___________ (see) the film. 8. Do not stand and stare at me as if you ___________ (be) glued to the spot. 答案： Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. destination 2. import 3.volcano 4. unbearable 5. distance 6. pattern 7. sharp 8. locate Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. eruption 2. of 3. into 4. distant 5. rescue 6. location 7. has seen 8. were 【课堂检测】 七选五 Anger is the most destructive emotion. It will destroy all your good intentions. （1） ______ They will fail to achieve more often than those who are pleasant, calm, and relaxed. What can be done to prevent anger from ruining our lives？ Here are several ways that you can treat anger. （ 2） ______ You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong, and that people are not always lovely. Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Also, you need to accept that not everyone has the same standard as you, nor will they behave in the same way that you would do in a given situation.（3） ______ Stop trying to manage your anger. Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger, but all that happens is that the anger is suppressed.（4） ______ Once you know why you get mad, then it is possible to deal with the cause. Taking positive steps towards solving the underlying problem will help you overcome feelings of anger. Don't take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something （or even someone）， or scream when we are angry. You might say you feel better after an angry outburst, but that is just the after-effect of the adrenalin（肾上腺素）.（5） ______ It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally. That, however, is what you must do if you are to stop anger from becoming your master. A. A reaction like that is the easy way. B. Angry people are hard to be successful. C. Change your attitude to the way the world works. D. Recognize that anger is something you can control. E. Often anger is partnered by other destructive emotions. F. This applies to work, day-to-day life, and relationships. G. A much better way of facing up to anger is to find out the root cause. 答案： 1. B. 细节理解题。根据后一句"They will fail to achieve more often than those who are pleasant, calm, and relaxed. 他们比那些令人愉快、冷静和放松的人更容易失败。"可知失败和成功正好相对，所以"B. Angry people are hard to be successful. 愤怒的人很难成功。"符合语境。故选B。 2. C. 细节理解题。根据后一句"You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong,and that people are not always lovely. 你必须接受这样一个事实：有时事情的确会出错，人们并不总是那么可爱。"可知你要认清一个事实"，改变你原来的态度，所以"C. Change your attitude to the way the world works.改变你对世界运作方式的态度。"符合语境。故选C。 3. F. 推理判断题。根据前一句"Also,you need to accept that not everyone has the same standard as you, nor will they behave in the same way that you would do in a given situation.另外，你需要接受这样一个事实：不是每个人都有和你一样的标准，他们的行为方式也不会和你在特定情况下的行为方式一样"可知这是生活中的实际情况，所以"F. This applies to work, day-to-day life, and relationships.这适用于工作、日常生活和人际关系。"符合语境。故选F。 4. G. 推理判断题。根据后一句"Once you know why you get mad,then it is possible to deal with the cause. Taking positive steps towards solving the underlying problem will help you overcome feelings of anger.一旦你知道为什么你会生气，那么就有可能解决这个问题。采取积极的步骤来解决潜在的问题会帮助你克服愤怒的情绪。"可知要找到生气的原因，所以"G. A much better way of facing up to anger is to find out the root cause.面对愤怒的一个更好的方法是找出根源。"符合语境。故选G。 5. A. 细节理解题。根据后一句"It is much harder to stay calm,to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally. 保持冷静、远离冲突、深呼吸并正常行动要困难得多。"可知后面说的是复杂的事情"，那么前面就说的是简单的事情，所以A. A reaction like that is the easy way.这样的反应很简单。"符合语境。故选A。 【要点回顾】 【温故知新】 I. 阅读理解 A A junior at Loyola High School in Los Angeles, Adam Faze, 16， decided in October to organize a film festival. "I want to go to film school and work in the industry, but Loyola has nothing like that, which is strange because we're right here in LA（a part of the city is Hollywood where films are made），" he said. "So instead of sitting around and feeling unhappy, I decided to do something." The school was unenthusiastic. "Every year, students approach me with many projects that are really difficult to carry out," said Lance Ochsner, Adam's adviser." I thought it wouldn't happen, but I gave him the go-ahead anyway." Adam sent letters and made cold calls, and got no response. By January, he had little more than a single participant： Jordan Roberts, the father of a friend and a writer-director. （Mr. Roberts had agreed to serve as a festival judge.） Then Adam looked through a catalog for Loyola's annual money-raising event and noticed that someone had donated（捐赠）two tickets to a Sony movie premiere （the first public performance of a movie）. That person turned out to be an Oscar campaigner. By working the connection, he managed to line up a festival speaker： Michael De Luca, a three-time Oscar nominee（someone who has been officially suggested for the prize of Oscar） for producing films like "The Social Network". "Adam's energy, enthusiasm and fearlessness are infectious," Mr. De Luca wrote in an email. "I wish I had done this at my high school!" Adam got a local newspaper to write an article about Mr. De Luca's involvement, and that started a sponsorship and submission（赞助和作品提交）wildfire. The Loyola Film Festival is set for Saturday and advertised as "the best in student filmmaking". It will feature 72 films in four categories. But Adam is already focused on his next plan. In an email to a reporter, he wrote, "Could you mention that I'm still looking for a summer internship（实习） " 1. Adam hoped that his high school could _______. A. make some new films B. get involved in film activities C. encourage students to watch films D. allow students to enter film festivals 2. What was Lance Ochsner's attitude towards Adam's plan A. Curious. B. Surprised. C. Doubtful. D. Satisfied. 3. How did Adam know of Michael De Luca A. From a letter. B. From a telephone call. C. From the father of a friend. D. From a donation list of Loyola's. 4. What is the text mainly about_________. A. How a teen organized a film festival. B. Why the Loyola Film Festival is held. C. A special high school in Los Angeles. D. The personal life of a 16-year-old teen. B Growing up, "family" meant something very different to Bianca Jones Marlin. Her biological parents provided attendance to multiple children, giving Marlin the joy of having many brothers and sisters from different backgrounds. On occasions, she would stay up late listening to the stories from their past homes-stories filled with suffering and sadness. These stories had a lasting impact on Marlin. "There were stories of abuse, of not getting the proper nutrition or proper care that a child would need," Marlin says. "Taking my passion for science and what I've learned from the stories, and putting them together is what I really want to do." Today as a neurobiologist, Marlin researches how suffering can be passed down from generation to generation. At Columbia University's Zuckerman Institute, she studies the molecular mechanisms of stresses in parents that can affect the brain structure and sensory experiences of their future generations. Marlin's investigations examine a process known as epigenetic inheritance, in which biochemical markers acquired from experiences or environmental conditions can change how our genes are expressed inside of cells. In the case of the mice she works with, Marlin creates a stressful association with a particular smell, which in turn increases the number of olfactory cells inside the mice's brains used to detect that specific smell. She then looks at whether or not the children are born with more of these olfactory cells as a result of their parent's suffering. If that proves to be true, Marlin plans to find and potentially even affect the epigenetic switches responsible for changing the children's biology or behavior-eventually improving the outcomes for the children. "The passion of my work stems from my desire to apply neurobiology and the science of learning to understanding how both positive and negative experiences in life influence brain health." says Marlin. 5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1 A. Marlin's interest in science. B. Marlin's suffering in children. C. The influence of the stories on Marlin. D. The brief introduction to Marlin's family. 6. What is the function of olfactory cells A. To sense specific stress. B. To lessen the mice's suffering. C. To change epigenetic inheritance. D. To discover some particular smell. 7. What can be learned from Paragraph 3 A. Olfactory cells decrease in the mice in the test. B. Marlin has improved the outcomes for the children. C. Biochemical markers are likely to change gene expression. D. Parents' suffering can't be passed down to their children. 8. Where is the text probably from A. A science magazine. B. A travel journal. C. An exhibition guidebook. D. A literature review. Ⅱ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Yuan Longping realized that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan 1.______ （convince） that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common 2. ______ （assume） then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 3. ______ could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers 4. ______ （expand） their output greatly. B The theme park you are probably most familiar 5. ______ is Disneyland, which can be found in several parts of the world. Disneyland will bring you into a magical world and make your childhood dreams come true. Travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship, or meeting an 6.______ （ adore） fairytale or cartoon character are all possible at Disneyland. Of course, Disneyland also has many exciting 7. ______ （ ride） to amuse you, from enormous swinging ships to scary free fall drops. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland. C Just like spoken language, body language 8. ______ （ vary） from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, 9. ______ （ make） eye contact-looking into someone's eyes-in some countries is 10. ______ way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 答案： 阅读理解 A 【解题导语】这是一篇人物故事类阅读理解。文章主要讲述了高中生Adam Faze通过自身努力，成功为自己所在的Loyola高中组织起电影节的故事。 1. B. 细节理解题。根据第一段中A junior at Loyola High School in Los Angeles, Adam Faze, 16， decided in October to organize a film festival."I want to go to film school and work in the industry, but Loyola has nothing like that, which is strange because we're right there in LA （a part of the city is Hollywood where films are made），" he said.（ 16岁的Adam Faze是洛杉矶Loyola高中的一名高三学生，他在10月份决定组织一个电影节。他说："我想去电影学校，然后在这个行业工作，但Loyola高中没有这样的机会，这很奇怪，因为我们就在洛杉矶---这座城市的一部分是好莱坞，电影就是在那里制作的。"）可知，Adam希望他的高中能参与电影活动。A. Curious好奇的；B. Surprised惊讶的；C. Doubtful怀疑的；D. Satisfied满意的，故选B。 2. C. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Every year,students approach me with many projects that are really difficult to carry out," said Lance Ochsner,Adam's adviser."I thought it wouldn't happen,but I gave him the go-ahead anyway."（Adam的顾问Lance Ochsner说："每年，学生们都来找我，告诉我很多很难实施的项目。我以为这不会发生，但我还是同意了。"）可推知，Lance Ochsner对Adam的计划持怀疑态度。A. Curious好奇的；B. Surprised吃惊的；C. Doubtful怀疑的；D. Satisfied满意的，由此可知答案选C。 3. D. 细节理解题。根据第四段Then Adam looked through a catalog for Loyola's annual money-raising event and noticed that someone had donated two tickets to a Sony movie premiere（the first public performance of a movie ）. That person turned out to be an Oscar campaigner. By working the connection, he managed to line up a festival speaker： Michael De Luca, a three-time Oscar nominee （someone who has been officially suggested for the prize of Oscar） for producing films like "The Social Network".（然后，Adam在浏览L oyola的年度筹款活动目录时，注意到有人捐赠了两张索尼电影首映式的门票。那个人原来是奥斯卡的竞选者。通过联系，他设法找到了一位在电影节上演讲的人：Michael De Luca。他因制作《社交网络》等影片而三次获得奥斯卡提名--官方已建议他角逐奥斯卡奖）可知，Adam是通过一份L oyola的筹款目录认识Michael De Luca的。故选D。 4. A. 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段"The Loyola Film Festival is set for Saturday and advertised as "the best in student film making 7. It will feature 72 films in four categories.（ Loyola电影节定于周六举行，并被宣传为"学生制作7部最佳电影"。它将有72部影片参加4个奖项的角逐），然后结合文章主要讲述了高中生Adam Faze .通过自身努力，成功为自己所在的Loyola高中组织起电影节的故事，由此可知，文章的主要内容是一个青少年是如何组织电影节的。故选A。 B 【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Bianca Jones Marlin因为小时候受到来自不同背景兄弟姐妹的故事的影响，决定把对科学的热情和从故事中学到的东西结合起来，于是今天，作为一名神经生物学家，Marlin研究痛苦是如何代代相传的。文章介绍了她的研究过程以及她对自己工作的看法。 5. C. 段落大意题。根据第一段Growing up, "family" meant something very different to Bianca Jones Marlin. Her biological parents provided attendance to multiple children, giving Marlin the joy of having many brothers and sisters from different backgrounds. On occasions, she would stay up late listening to the stories from their past homes-stories filled with suffering and sadness. These stories had a lasting impact on Marlin. "在成长过程中对"家庭"有着截然不同的理解。她的亲生父母照顾了她的多个孩子，这让Marlin感到很高兴，因为她有很多来自不同背景的兄弟姐妹。有时，她会熬夜听他们过去的故事---充满痛苦和悲伤的故事。这些故事对Marlin产生了持久的影响。Marlin说："有关于虐待的故事，关于没有得到孩子所需要的适当的营养或适当的照顾的故事，把我对科学的热情和我从故事中学到的东西结合起来，这是我真正想做的。"）可知，第一段的主要讲的是故事对 Marlin的影响。故选C。 6. D. 细节理解题。根据第三段中 In the case of the mice she works with,Marlin creates a stressful association with a particular smell,which in turn increases the number of olfactory cells inside the mice's brains used to detect that specific smell.（在她研究的老鼠身上，Marlin创造了一种与特定气味有关的压力，这反过来增加了老鼠大脑中用来检测特定气味的嗅觉细胞的数量）可知，嗅觉细胞的功能是发现某种特殊的气味。故选D。 7. C. 细节理解题。根据第三段中Marlin's investigations examine a process known as epigenetic inheritance,in which biochemical markers acquired from experiences or environmental conditions can change how our genes are expressed inside of cells.（Marlin的研究考察了一种被称为表观遗传的过程，即从经验或环境条件中获得的生化标记可以改变我们的基因在细胞内的表达方式）"可知，生化标记可能改变基因表达。故选C。 8. A. 文章出处题。根据文章主要介绍了Bianca Jones Marlin因为小时候受到来自不同背景兄弟姐妹的故事的影响，决定把对科学的热情和从故事中学到的东西结合起来，于是今天，作为一名神经生物学家，Marlin研究痛苦是如何代代相传的。文章个绍了她的研究过程以及她对自己工作的看法。可推知，文章可能选自科学杂志。A. A science magazine科学杂志；B. A travel journal游记；C. An exhibition guidebook展览指导；D. A literature review文献参考，故选A。 语法填空 1. was convinced. 考查被动语态。句意：袁隆平相信，杂交水稻的发明可以找到答案。convince做及物动词，意为"使信服"，袁隆平和信服之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态。故填was convinced。 2. assumption. 考查名词。句意：当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。common作为形容词后面应修饰名词，assume"假设"，名词形式为assumption。故填assumption。 3. that/which. 考查定语从句。句意：经过艰苦努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一种可以用于农业生产的杂交水稻。分析句意可知此句为定语从句，横线处应填关系代词，并在从句中做主语，that/which符合题意。故填that/which。 4. to expand. 考查不定式。句意：这种杂交水稻能够使农民大幅度提高产量。enable sb. to do sth.固定搭配，意为"使某人能够做某事"，故填to expand。 5. with. 考查介词。句意：你最熟悉的主题公园可能是迪士尼，它在可以在世界上的几个地方找到。be familiar with固定搭配，意为"对…熟悉"，故填with。 6. adorable. 考查形容词。句意：在迪士尼乐园，你可以遨游太空，参观海盗船，见到可爱的童话人物或卡通人物。分析句意可知横线处要填一个形容词，adore的形容词为adorable,故填adorable。 7. rides. 考查可数名词复数形式。句意：当然，迪士尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施供你娱乐，从巨大的摇摆船到吓人的自由落体。exciting作为形容词后面修饰名词，ride作名词时为可数名词，故填rides。 8. varies. 考查动词单三形式。句意：就像口语一样，肢体语言也随着环境而变化。分析句意可知横线处为动词作谓语，body language做主语，谓语动词要用单三形式，故填varies。 9. making. 考查动名词。句意：例如，眼神交流--看着某人的眼睛--在一些国家是表达兴趣的一种方式。分析句意可知横线处为动名词做主语，故填making。 10.a. 考查不定冠词。句意：例如，眼神交流--看着某人的眼睛--在一些国家是表达兴趣的一种方式。way做可数名词，前面要加不定冠词a,故填a。 这是三篇小短文。第一篇介绍了袁隆平发明杂交水稻的起因、经过和结果。第二篇介绍了迪士尼主题公园值得去的原因。第三篇介绍了肢体语言会随着文化的变化而变化。 预习思考 预习第三单元Reading部分，为下节课的学习做好充分的准备。课程主题：M3U2下核心知识点梳理 授课时间：
学习目标 1. 掌握第二单元后半部分的核心词汇和句型； 2. 掌握这些词汇和句型在新高考中的应用。
教学内容
【进门测试】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Now many singers and bands have little to do with good music. They know little about what good music means. What is the cause？ Most of these singers so far have1. （ see） music as a "job" because it is a good source of 2. （make） money. And if you have a good 3. （appear） and also original or expensive clothes to show off at your concerts then your voice is not 4. important as it should be. The public will prefer to admire more the most interesting parts of your body and even forget that you are there 5. （show） your music skills, not your dancing, which is important too, but not at such a high level. Therefore, many young girls on TV choose to wear 6. most provocative （挑逗性的）clothes to catch attention, but when it comes to singing they are in a complete mess and one doesn't need to have an ear for music to notice their lack 7. talent. However, the young generation should understand talent and a good voice matter more in their musical career. All the 8. （performance） that have little to do with good music fail to be welcomed on stage. If a young man has a great voice and wants to become a 9. （success）singer, he should take some special courses in this area, because they will help （he）improve singing abilities. 【多元导学】 What do you know about the hurricane 【互动精讲】 【知识梳理1】Grammar & Integrated skills核心词汇和句型 1. shock shocked adj.震惊的；震撼的 shocking adj.令人震惊的；可怕的，令人厌恶的；糟糕的 原文：As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock. 你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。 (教材20) ◆ n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊 (1) in shock 休克；处于极度震惊状态 culture shock 文化冲击 suffer from shock 休克 (2) be shocked at 对……感到惊讶；震惊 be shocked that… 对…感到惊讶；震惊 shocking behaviour 骇人听闻的行为 shocking news 令人震惊的消息 ①She still hadn't got over the shock of seeing him again. 竟然又见到了他，她到现在还惊愕不已。 ②We were all shocked at the news of his death. 听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊 ③The house was left in a shocking state. 那座房子破败得不成样子了。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①It is ______________ that they involved children in the crime. 令人发指的是，他们教唆儿童参与犯罪活动。 ②Her death was ______________________ to us all. 她的死使我们所有人都感到非常震惊。 ③I _____________________ she should forget me so quickly. 我很震惊，她竟然这么快就忘记我了。 2. scare scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 scared adj. 害怕的 原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, 大风和大雨并没有吓到我, (教材P20) ◆vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓 (1)scare sb in to doing sth 恐慌某人做某事 scare away/ off 把…吓跑 (2)be scared to death 被吓死；害怕的要死 be scared to do sth/ of doing sth 害怕做某事 be scared that… 害怕… ①We're afraid of failure, so we scare others into cooperating with us. 我们害怕失败，因此，我们就吓唬他人要跟我们合作。 ②In high school I was scared to death of you. 高中时我怕你怕得要命。 ③Don't be scared to learn something new. 不要害怕学新东西。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①They will __________________ small birds. 它们会把小鸟吓跑。 ②He looks _____________ but he's really a gentle giant. 他看上去可怕，实际却是个性格温和的巨人。 ③Kelly ____________________ she would not be able to go very far. 凯莉怕她走不了多远。 3. supply provide/ offer(同义词) 原文： Were you afraid of running out of supplies 你是怕补给用完了吗 (教材P20) ◆n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt. 供应，供给，提供 (1)supply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb 提供给某人某物 (2)a good supply of 大量的 in short supply 供应不足，短缺 supply and demand 供给和需求 (3) provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb提供给某人某物 offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb提供给某人某物 ①We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials. 我们不能保证提供充足的原料。 ②We supply the travel ticket to you and your cycle. 我们为您和您的自行车提供旅行票。 ③Food is in short supply all over the country. 食品在全国各地都供应不足。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①There's usually __________________ resources around the town center. 通常情况下城镇中心周围有相当好的资源供给。 ②The company decided to ___________ the local schools ____________ multimedia equipment. The company decided to ___________ multimedia equipment ____________ the local schools. 该公司决定向当地的学校提供多媒体设备。 4. donate donation n. 捐款，捐赠物；捐赠 donator n. 捐赠者 原文：Many people came to help, food and clothes to charities. 许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。(教材P20) ◆捐赠，赠送；献（血） (1) donate… to… 把… 捐赠给… (2) make a donation to 向…捐赠 a generous/large/small donation 慷慨/大量/少量捐助 organ donation器官捐献 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①I think it would be better to ___________________ a temporary shelter for the homeless. 我觉得把钱捐给无家可归者的临时收容所更好。 ②Would you like to ___________________ our charity appeal 你愿意响应我们慈善团体呼吁来捐物吗？ 5. otherwise 原文：…otherwise the moving water could wash the car away! …否则流动的水会把车冲走! (教材P23) ◆adv. 否则，不然；除此以外 or otherwise或其他情况；或相反 and otherwise 等等；及其他 true or otherwise 真真假假 祈使句+otherwise+陈述句 ①My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip. 我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。 ②Bismarck, otherwise known as ‘the Iron Chancellor’ 俾斯麦，亦称为“铁血首相” ③It was necessary to discover the truth or otherwise of these statements. 有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假性。 【跟踪典例】 ①We're committed to the project. We wouldn't be here ______________. 我们是全心全意投入这项工作的，否则我们就不会到这里来了 ②It was necessary to discover the __________________ of these statements. 有必要查证这些说法的真实性或虚假性。 ②You must work hard ______________ you will lose your place in the class. 你必须努力学习，否则你在班上的名次就保不住了。 6.curious curiously adv. 好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心 原文：She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。 （教材P23） ◆adj. 好奇的；奇特的 (1) be curious about 对… 感到好奇 be curious to do sth 极想做某事 It’s curious that… 真奇怪… (2) out of curiosity 处于好奇 with curiosity/ curiously 好奇地 meet/ satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 ①They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。 ②It was curious that she didn't tell anyone. 她没有告诉任何人，这很反常。 ③The letter wasn't addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity. 那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它拆开了。 【跟踪典例】 ①I ____________________ whether you will take kindly to this new solution. 我很好奇，想知道你是否会欣然接受这个新的解决方案。 ②____________________, I read English stories everyday. 为了满足我的好奇心，我每天都看英语故事。 ③"What are you doing here " asked Lisa ______________. “你在这里做什么？”丽莎好奇地问。 7. 情态动词+have+ done 原文： The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很多破坏和痛苦。(教材P20) 【句式分析】 本句中“must have caused”是情态动词+have+done结构，意为“过去肯定做过某事”，表示对过去肯定的推测。 情态动词+have+done结构可表示对过去的推测和对过去的虚拟语气，其中表示对过去的推测的还有： couldn't/ can’t have done过去不可能做过某事 might have done 过去有可能做了某事 might not have done过去有可能没做某事 表示对过去的虚拟语气的有： should have done过去本该做某事却没做 shouldn't have done过去本不该做某事却做了 would have done过去本想做但并未做 wouldn't have done过去本不想做但发生了 need have done过去需要做某事但却没做 needn't have done过去不必做某事但却做了 【跟踪典例】 ①He said I ___________________ something bad to deserve it. 他说我肯定是罪有应得。 ②They ___________________ it much more earlier. 他们早就应该这么做了。 ③Peter ___________________ it yesterday. 彼得昨天本不必做这件事。 ④He ___________________ such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long. 他不可能做出这样糟糕的事，让你等这么长的时间。 8. 现在分词作伴随状语 原文： Many people came to help, food and clothes to charities. 许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。(教材P20) 【句式分析】 本句中“donating food and clothes to charities”在句中作状语，伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。“donating”为现在分词，和其逻辑主语“many people”是主动关系，即人们捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。过去分词(即done) 则表示被动关系。 ①All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 ②The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground, surrounded by a group of students. 那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The dog entered the room, ___________(follow) his master 这条狗跟着主人进了屋。 ②The master entered the room, ___________(follow) by his dog 主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。 9. 现在分词作后置定语 原文：I saw a note from Mr Li on the office door saying he was in the meeting room. 我在办公室门上看到一张李先生的便条，说他在会议室。(教材P21) 【句式分析】 本句中“saying he was in the meeting room” 做“note”的后置定语，意为“写着他在会议室的便条”。 定语是指起修饰限定作用的句子成分，多翻译为“... 的”， 后置定语，顾名思义，放在被修饰词后的定语。现在分词（doing）作定语， 多表主动和进行的含义。有别于过去分词(done)，表被动含义。 ①A room facing the sea 一个面朝大海的房间 （房间面向大海，主动） ②A girl standing at the gate 一个正站在门边的女孩 （女孩站在门口，主动） ③A girl called lily 一个被叫做lily的女孩 (女孩被叫做lily，被动) ④A machine invented by the scientists 一个被科学家发明的机器 (机器被发明，被动) 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The book _________ (write) by him sells well.. 它写的书很畅销。 ②The man __________ (talk) to my mom is my English teacher. 正在和我妈妈谈话的人是我的英语老师。 【巩固练习】 I. 单词拼写 1. People were swimming in the ocean despite the h__________ warning. 2. The largest c__________ room could seat 5,000 people. 3. Political p__________ depends upon economic strength. 4. They are very generous givers to c__________. 5. The insurance __________ (基金) would inject $750 into the banks. 6. She repainted the __________ (在楼上的) rooms and closed off the second floor. 7. We don't want this __________ (文件) falling into the wrong hands. 8. The __________ (员工)in this shop are very helpful. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. We were ___________ (shock) at the size of his debts. 2. He made a noise and scared ___________ the animals. 3. Fears that the world was about to run out ___________ fuel proved groundless. 4. His father will supply him ___________ travelling expenses. 5. Shut the window, ___________ it'll get too cold in here. 6. They ___________ (do) it much more earlier. 7. The dog entered the room, ___________ (follow) his master 8. Children ___________ (introduce) to reading early develop strong verbal skills. 【知识梳理2】Extended reading & Project核心词汇和句型 1. erupt eruptive adj. 暴发的；喷出的 eruption n. 爆发，喷发 原文：His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in the year 79, when Mount Vesuvius erupted. 在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。(教材P25) ◆ （火山）爆发；突然发生 (1)erupt into sth/break out 突然发生；爆发; 突然发出（尤指叫喊） (2) an eruption of despair. 一阵突然的绝望 an eruption of violent protest 暴力抗议的爆发 ①When Davis scored for the third time the crowd erupted. 戴维斯第三次得分，观众欢声雷动。 ②The eruption of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon. 活火山爆发是一种可怕的自然现象。 【跟踪典例】 完成句子 ①My father just ______________ fury. 我父亲勃然大怒。 ②That led to _____________________, and big losses in local elections this month. 这导致了公众忿怒的爆发和地方选举的大失败。 2. take the form of 原文：It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire! 它形似一株巨树：树干，黑魆魆的；枝叶，那是火！(教材P25) ◆呈现…的形状；采取…的形式 (1)in the form of 以…的形式 in form 在形式上 a form of 一种…的形式 fill in the form 填写表格 (2) A plan formed in my head. 一个计划在我的头脑中形成。 form a line/queue/circle 排成一行/长列/圈 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The training programme _________________ a series of workshops. 培训课程采取一系列研讨会的形式。 ②Help ____________________ will be very welcome. 以钱的形式资助将十分受欢迎。 ③I didn't see enough of the play to __________________ about it. 我对这部戏剧了解得不够，说不出什么意见。 3. unbearable 比较级 more unbearable 最高级 most unbearable bear vt. 忍受,容忍 bearable adj. 可忍受的；支持得住的 unbearably adv. 不堪忍受地；无法容忍地 原文：…and now again it burnt with an unbearable light! …放出刺眼的强光！(教材P26) ◆adj. 难耐的，无法忍受的 unbearable pain 难以忍受的痛苦 unbearably hot 酷热难当 bear the unbearable sorrow 忍受那无法忍受的悲伤 bear/ stand/ put up with忍受,容忍 ①The humidity was becoming unbearable. 这种潮湿使人越来越难以忍受了。 ②He can't bear being/ to be laughed at. 他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。 【跟踪典例】 ①The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of _____________________. 离开城市来到乡村的居民常常感到一种难以忍受的宁静和压抑。 ②She couldn't ___________________ losing him. 失去他的情况她想都不敢想。 4. break out 原文：The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。(教材P26) ◆突然开始，爆发 break down 出故障; 关系破裂，分解; 奔溃; 拆除;破除（障碍或偏见） break out 爆发，突然发生 break up （关系）破裂，分手，中止，打碎 break through （取得）突破，冲破 break off 突然停止 break of 放弃，改掉（习惯） break into 闯入 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①It's taken a long time to __________________ of my own conventional training. 摆脱我自己的传统训练花了很长一段时间。 ②They _______________ so that Jack can use the phone. 他们闯入了一间办公室，因为杰克需要使用电话。 ③Is it difficult for an Asian entertainer to _______________ the United States 对于一个亚洲艺人来说，想要冲出重围在美国打下一片天地是不是困难的事？ 5. beyond economical adj.经济的；节约的；合算的 economy n. 经济；节约；理财 economist n.经济学者 原文：… beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. …他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。(教材P26) ◆adv. 在（或向）较远处；在另一边 prep. 在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出…之外 beyond sb 超出某人的理解能力 beyond control无法控制 beyond one’s wildest dreams 某人做梦也想不到 beyond ones reach 在某人够不到的地方 beyond words 无法用语言形容 beyond comprehension 无法理解 【跟踪典例】 ①Our success was far ________________________. 我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。 ②Their five-year relationship was strained ____________________. 他们长达5年的关系紧张得超过了极限。 ③This was utterly ______________________. 这完全超出了她的理解力。 6. rescue 原文：search and rescue dogs 搜救犬 (教材P27) ◆n. & vt. 救援，营救，抢救 (1)rescue sb from 从… 营救某人 rescue sth from 使某物免于… (2) come/ go to sb’s rescue 前来/去救某人 a rescue attempt/operation 一次营救行动 a mountain rescue team 高山救援队 rescue workers/boats/helicopters 救援人员/船只/直升机 ①He rescued a child from drowning. 他救起了一名落水儿童。 ②A wealthy benefactor came to their rescue with a generous donation. 一位富有的赞助人慷慨解囊挽救了他们。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①You __________________ an embarrassing situation. 我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。 ②Ten fishermen were saved in _____________________. 在一次惊心动魄的海上营救行动中，十名渔民获救。 7. along with 原文：Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. 进口货物到城内，出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。(教材P25) 【句式分析】 along with= together with.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与它前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。类似的用法还有：as well as, with, but, rather than, except等。 ①The teacher, along with his students, is reading a novel. 老师和他的学生们正在读一本小说。 ②A farmer together with some workers is about to help us. 一个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们。 ③Jack as well as her parents is going to London next week. 杰克和他的父母下周要去伦敦。 【跟踪典例】用所给词的适当形式填空 1. A library with 5,000 books ______________ (be) offered to the school. 2. Halen, as well as his brothers, ______________ (go) abroad already. 8. as if 引导的虚拟语气 原文：Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; 它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完;(教材P27) 本句是引导的让步状语从句，as if/ as though 意思是 “好像，似乎”。若引导的从句表示非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。具体形式如下： 当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，be 动词用 were 当从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时 （had done） 当从句表示与将来的事情相反，谓语动词用“would/ could/ might+ 动词原形” ①They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。 ②He opened his mouth as if he would say something． 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 ③He talks about Rome as if he had been there before． 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。 【跟踪典例】 ①He talks as if_______________ where she was． 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 ②The girl listened as if she__________________________． 那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的 ③It looks as if_____________________． 看来好像要下雪了。 【巩固练习】 I. 单词拼写 1. Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final d___________. 2. We i___________ raw materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 3. The v___________ erupted, raining hot ash over a wide area. 4. The heat in the factory was u___________. 5. We watched the explosion from a safe ___________ (距离). 6. Mornings in our house always follow a set ___________ (模式). 7. Her condition took a ___________ (急剧的) turn for the worse. 8. Try to ___________ (找到…的准确位置) exactly where the smells are entering the room. Ⅱ. 单句语法 1. The ___________ (erupt) of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon. 2. Our next class will take the form ___________ a debate. 3. No one has the right to break ___________ his neighbor's house. 4. Her manner was cold and ___________ (distance). 5. Stay where you are, we'll come ___________ rescue you! 6. I could pinpoint his precise ___________ (locate) on a map. 7. Jim, together with his classmates, ___________ (see) the film. 8. Do not stand and stare at me as if you ___________ (be) glued to the spot. 【课堂检测】 七选五 Anger is the most destructive emotion. It will destroy all your good intentions. （1） ______ They will fail to achieve more often than those who are pleasant, calm, and relaxed. What can be done to prevent anger from ruining our lives？ Here are several ways that you can treat anger. （ 2） ______ You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong, and that people are not always lovely. Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Also, you need to accept that not everyone has the same standard as you, nor will they behave in the same way that you would do in a given situation.（3） ______ Stop trying to manage your anger. Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger, but all that happens is that the anger is suppressed.（4） ______ Once you know why you get mad, then it is possible to deal with the cause. Taking positive steps towards solving the underlying problem will help you overcome feelings of anger. Don't take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something （or even someone）， or scream when we are angry. You might say you feel better after an angry outburst, but that is just the after-effect of the adrenalin（肾上腺素）.（5） ______ It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally. That, however, is what you must do if you are to stop anger from becoming your master. A. A reaction like that is the easy way. B. Angry people are hard to be successful. C. Change your attitude to the way the world works. D. Recognize that anger is something you can control. E. Often anger is partnered by other destructive emotions. F. This applies to work, day-to-day life, and relationships. G. A much better way of facing up to anger is to find out the root cause. 【要点回顾】 【温故知新】 I. 阅读理解 A A junior at Loyola High School in Los Angeles, Adam Faze, 16， decided in October to organize a film festival. "I want to go to film school and work in the industry, but Loyola has nothing like that, which is strange because we're right here in LA（a part of the city is Hollywood where films are made），" he said. "So instead of sitting around and feeling unhappy, I decided to do something." The school was unenthusiastic. "Every year, students approach me with many projects that are really difficult to carry out," said Lance Ochsner, Adam's adviser." I thought it wouldn't happen, but I gave him the go-ahead anyway." Adam sent letters and made cold calls, and got no response. By January, he had little more than a single participant： Jordan Roberts, the father of a friend and a writer-director. （Mr. Roberts had agreed to serve as a festival judge.） Then Adam looked through a catalog for Loyola's annual money-raising event and noticed that someone had donated（捐赠）two tickets to a Sony movie premiere （the first public performance of a movie）. That person turned out to be an Oscar campaigner. By working the connection, he managed to line up a festival speaker： Michael De Luca, a three-time Oscar nominee（someone who has been officially suggested for the prize of Oscar） for producing films like "The Social Network". "Adam's energy, enthusiasm and fearlessness are infectious," Mr. De Luca wrote in an email. "I wish I had done this at my high school!" Adam got a local newspaper to write an article about Mr. De Luca's involvement, and that started a sponsorship and submission（赞助和作品提交）wildfire. The Loyola Film Festival is set for Saturday and advertised as "the best in student filmmaking". It will feature 72 films in four categories. But Adam is already focused on his next plan. In an email to a reporter, he wrote, "Could you mention that I'm still looking for a summer internship（实习） " 1. Adam hoped that his high school could _______. A. make some new films B. get involved in film activities C. encourage students to watch films D. allow students to enter film festivals 2. What was Lance Ochsner's attitude towards Adam's plan A. Curious. B. Surprised. C. Doubtful. D. Satisfied. 3. How did Adam know of Michael De Luca A. From a letter. B. From a telephone call. C. From the father of a friend. D. From a donation list of Loyola's. 4. What is the text mainly about_________. A. How a teen organized a film festival. B. Why the Loyola Film Festival is held. C. A special high school in Los Angeles. D. The personal life of a 16-year-old teen. B Growing up, "family" meant something very different to Bianca Jones Marlin. Her biological parents provided attendance to multiple children, giving Marlin the joy of having many brothers and sisters from different backgrounds. On occasions, she would stay up late listening to the stories from their past homes-stories filled with suffering and sadness. These stories had a lasting impact on Marlin. "There were stories of abuse, of not getting the proper nutrition or proper care that a child would need," Marlin says. "Taking my passion for science and what I've learned from the stories, and putting them together is what I really want to do." Today as a neurobiologist, Marlin researches how suffering can be passed down from generation to generation. At Columbia University's Zuckerman Institute, she studies the molecular mechanisms of stresses in parents that can affect the brain structure and sensory experiences of their future generations. Marlin's investigations examine a process known as epigenetic inheritance, in which biochemical markers acquired from experiences or environmental conditions can change how our genes are expressed inside of cells. In the case of the mice she works with, Marlin creates a stressful association with a particular smell, which in turn increases the number of olfactory cells inside the mice's brains used to detect that specific smell. She then looks at whether or not the children are born with more of these olfactory cells as a result of their parent's suffering. If that proves to be true, Marlin plans to find and potentially even affect the epigenetic switches responsible for changing the children's biology or behavior-eventually improving the outcomes for the children. "The passion of my work stems from my desire to apply neurobiology and the science of learning to understanding how both positive and negative experiences in life influence brain health." says Marlin. 5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1 A. Marlin's interest in science. B. Marlin's suffering in children. C. The influence of the stories on Marlin. D. The brief introduction to Marlin's family. 6. What is the function of olfactory cells A. To sense specific stress. B. To lessen the mice's suffering. C. To change epigenetic inheritance. D. To discover some particular smell. 7. What can be learned from Paragraph 3 A. Olfactory cells decrease in the mice in the test. B. Marlin has improved the outcomes for the children. C. Biochemical markers are likely to change gene expression. D. Parents' suffering can't be passed down to their children. 8. Where is the text probably from A. A science magazine. B. A travel journal. C. An exhibition guidebook. D. A literature review. Ⅱ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Yuan Longping realized that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan 1.______ （convince） that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common 2. ______ （assume） then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice 3. ______ could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers 4. ______ （expand） their output greatly. B The theme park you are probably most familiar 5. ______ is Disneyland, which can be found in several parts of the world. Disneyland will bring you into a magical world and make your childhood dreams come true. Travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship, or meeting an 6.______ （ adore） fairytale or cartoon character are all possible at Disneyland. Of course, Disneyland also has many exciting 7. ______ （ ride） to amuse you, from enormous swinging ships to scary free fall drops. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland. C Just like spoken language, body language 8. ______ （ vary） from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, 9. ______ （ make） eye contact-looking into someone's eyes-in some countries is 10. ______ way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. 预习思考 预习第三单元Reading部分，为下节课的学习做好充分的准备。
