课程主题： 必修三 unit 4 （上）知识点梳理 授课时间：
学习目标 掌握重要的词汇用法 掌握过去分词的用法
教学内容
【进门测试】 问选下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every Sunday after church,CJ and his grandma ride the bus across town. Down the bus stop,he watched the wipers moving against the windshield（挡风玻璃）of a nearby car. His friend Colby ____41____in, gave CJ a wave, and drove off with his dad. “Nana, how come we don’t get a car ” “Boy, what do we need a car for We’ve got a bus that breathes fire, and Mr.Dennis,who always has a ____42____ for you.”The bus came to a stop in front of them. It sighed and the doors____43____ open.”What’s that I see ” Mr. Dennis asked. He ____44____ a coin from behind CJ's ear, placing it in his hand. Nana laughed her deep laugh and pushed CJ along. At the next stop,a man got on with a spotted dog. CJ ____45____ his seat. “How come that man can't ____46____ ” “Boy, some people watch the world with their ears,” Nana told him. “Their ____47____, too,” the man said, “You ____48____ so good today, madam” Nana laughed her deep laugh. “____49____ stop on Market Street,” Mr. Dennis called. CJ looked around as he _____50_____ the bus. Crumbling（裂缝的）sidewalks，broken-down doors，and graffiti-tagged windows... “How come it’s always so _____51_____ over here ”Nana _____52_____, pointing to the sky. “Sometimes when you're surrounded by dirt, you'll better _____53_____ what’s beautiful.” CJ looked all around again, at the bus _____54_____ the corner out of sight, the broken streetlamps still shining bright and the stray-cat shadows moving_____55_____ the wall. When he spotted all of these, he said, “I'm glad we came.” 41. A. climbed B. came C. drew D. drove 42. A. story B. trick C. plan D. game 43. A. remained B. broke C. crashed D. swung 44. A. earned B. made C. pulled D. showed 45. A. covered B. took C. accepted D. offered 46. A. see B. walk C. sit D. talk 47. A. eyes B. noses C. hands D. mouths 48. A. smile B. sound C. smell D. look 49. A. Last B. Next C. Another D. First 50. A. ran after B. turned to C. stepped off D. waited for 51 A. old B. dirty C. poor D. busy 52. A. frowned B. reflected C. shouted D. smiled 53. A. witness B. destroy C. forget D. pardon 54. A. facing B. avoiding C. rounding D. striking 55. A. through B. across C. outside D. beneath 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 【多元导学】 【互动精讲】 survival n. 生存, 存活; 残存物, 幸存事物 *Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素, 世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。 *Several buildings in the town have survived from medieval times. 镇上有几座建筑物是从中世纪时期留存下来的。 *He survived the earthquake. 他在地震中幸存下来。 词块积累： (1)survival n. 幸存; 残留下来的人(物) survivor n. 幸存者 (2)A survive B (by. . . ) A比B活得长(……) survive sth. (经历意外、战争、疾病等后)幸存, 活下来 survive on 靠……生存下来 即学活用： (1)语法填空。 ①How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage ②It’s said that the woman survived her husband by 10 years. ③Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive). (2)句式升级。 After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right. →Having survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right. (用现在分词短语作状语改写) 2. intend vi. &vt. 想要; 计划; 意指 *In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 在20世纪60年代, 许多人死于疟疾, 1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长, 这个小组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 *I intend you to come with me. 我打算让你和我一起去。 *We intend that production will start next month. 我们打算下个月开始生产。 *The program was set up with the intention of providing help for homeless people. 设立这个项目的目的是为无家可归的人提供帮助。 【词块积累】 (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算去做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人去做某事 sb. intend(s) that =It is intended that 打算 (2)intended adj. 预期的, 有意的 be intended for. . . 为……准备 (3)intention n. 意图 with the intention of. . . 怀着……的意图 即学活用： ①We intend going/to go (go) to Australia next year. ②I didn’t intend her to see (see) the painting until it was finished. ③She had a firm intention (intend) within herself to be the best swimmer. (2)这本词典专为高中生量身打造。(be intended for) 译文: The dictionary is intended for senior high school students. 3. inspire vt. 鼓舞; 激励; 启发思考 *Inspired by an over 1, 600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载, 古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物, 受此启发, 屠呦呦重新设计了实验, 为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分, 她尝试在低温下提取。 *How do you inspire your students to do their best 你如何激励你的学生们, 使他们发挥出最好水平呢 *I inspired Tom with hope. 我用希望激励汤姆。 *I can not write without inspiration. 没有灵感我写不出东西。 【词块积累】 (1)inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth. 用……来激励某人 inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人某种情感 (2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的 (3)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的; 启发灵感的 (4) inspiration n. 灵感; 鼓舞 即学活用：语法填空 ①The captain’s heroic effort inspired them with determination. =The captain’s heroic effort inspired determination in them. ②His speech was so inspiring(inspire)that his students were inspired to study (study) harder than ever before. ③Inspired(inspire) by my good friend, I intended to study abroad. limited adj. 有限的 *Time is limited and let’s come straight to the point. 时间有限, 我们开门见山吧。 *The damage was limited to the roof. 损坏仅限于屋顶。 *We should set a limit to/on what our children can do. 我们应该为孩子们能做的事设定一个限度。 *There is no limit to what you can do if you are hardworking. 你如果努力的话, 成就无可限量。 【词块积累】 (1)be limited to 限定在…… limit. . . to. . . (=be limited to) 把……限制在……内 limit sb. to (doing) sth. 限制某人(做)某事 (2)limit n. 限度; 限制 vt. 限制; 限定 beyond/over the limit 超过限度 within/without limits 适度地/ 无节制地 set a limit to/on 在……上设定限度 There is a/no limit to. . . ……是有/ 无限度的(to 是介词) (3)limitless adj. 无限的 即学活用： (1) 语法填空 ① In my opinion, taking cellphones with the students should not be banned, but limited(limit) to certain areas. ②As we all know, a person’s life is limited, but knowledge is limitless. (limit) ③I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do. (2)In my opinion, you had better set a limit to the expense of your trip. 在我看来, 你们最好给你们的旅行费用定一个限度。 (3)To lose weight, he limits himself to three cups of milk and several fruits a day. 为了减肥, 他限制自己一天只喝三杯牛奶, 吃几个水果。 beneficial adj. 有益的; 有用的 *Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代科学家利用中医的智慧, 确实会发现更多有益于全球卫生保健的药物。 *The money is used for the benefit of the poor. 这笔钱是用来造福穷人的。 *The rain will benefit the crops greatly. 这场雨对庄稼大有好处。 *I am sure everyone will benefit a lot from this activity. 我相信每个人都会从这次活动中受益良多。 【词块积累】 benefit v. /n. 使受益/好处 benefit from/by 得益于……, 从……中受益 to one’s benefit 对某人有益 be of benefit to=be beneficial to 对……益处 for the benefit of sb. =for one’s benefit 为了某人的利益 (1)语法填空。 ①It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health. In other words, we can benefit from/by yoga. ②In fact, music education is beneficial(benefit) and important to all the students. (2)Taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit to (对……非常有好处) your health. (3)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of(为了……的利益) all its citizens. 6. conduct vt. /vi. 组织, 实施; 指挥; 引导; 举止; 传导n. 行为 *(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. 为了测试社会影响力对饮食习惯的影响, 研究人员进行了两个实验。 *So far we have conducted a variety of activities on English learning. 到目前为止, 我们已经开展了各种各样的英语学习活动。 *The guide conducted us around the West Lake. 导游带我们游览了西湖。 *Make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbour should. 你一定要像一个好邻居一样行事。 *Confucius suggested a principle for the conduct of life “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you. ” 孔子提出了“己所不欲, 勿施于人”的人生准则。 【词块积累】 (1)conduct sb. around. . . 带某人参观…… conduct sb. to. . . 带某人去…… conduct oneself well/badly (行为)表现好/差 (2)conduction n. 传导 conductor n. 指挥, 售票员 (1)语法填空。 ①The orchestra(管弦乐队)were all in position, waiting for the conductor(conduct). ②Iron, being a metal, readily conducts(conduct) heat. (2)写出句中黑体单词的汉语释义。 ①His conduct disagrees (不一致)with his words. (行为) ②To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. (进行) ③He conducted himself far better than expected. (表现) 7. draw upon/on利用; 凭借; 依靠, 依赖; 临近 *Drawing upon more than 1, 500 years of Chinese music, Twelve Girls Band mixes this rich tradition with classical, folk and contemporary sounds. 凭借一千五百多年的中国音乐, 女子十二乐坊把这些丰富的传统与古典、民间和当代的声音融合在了一起。 *As the people draw near they can hear the deep growling roar. 人们走近时能听到深沉的轰隆声。 *It is important to draw a conclusion from the facts. 从事实中得出结论很重要。 *They agreed to draw up a formal agreement. 他们同意起草一份正式协议。 【词块积累】 draw near/close (时间、空间的)临近 draw a conclusion (from. . . ) (从……中)得出结论 draw one’s attention (to. . . ) 吸引某人的注意(……) draw up 草拟 (1)写出下列句中draw upon/on的含义。 ①Musicians often draw upon their imagination for composing. 利用; 凭借 ②I will draw upon you for help when necessary. 依靠 ③The College Entrance Examination is drawing on, so we must devote ourselves to studying. 临近 (2)Scientists have drawn a conclusion that smoking is greatly associated with lung cancer. 科学家们已得出结论: 肺癌与吸烟有很大的关系。 8. point out指出 *In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou referred to the strengths of both Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths. 屠呦呦在诺贝尔奖演讲中提到了中医和西医的优势, 并指出如果科学家充分利用这些优势, 未来的发展潜力巨大。 *To me, this is a very thought-provoking argument, as it points out the benefits of online friendships. 对我来说, 这是一个非常发人深省的论点, 因为它指出了网上交友的好处。 *He is pointing to the north. 他正在指向北方。 *Bob is pointing at a tree. Bob正在指着一棵树。 *She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang. 她正要出去, 电话铃响了。 point out是由“动词+副词”构成的短语, 所以后面的宾语若是代词, 应把代词放在point与out之间。 【词块积累】 point to 指向(强调方向) point at 指向(强调目标), 指着 be on the point of doing sth. when. . . 正要/即将……的时候/ 在……之际; 正要 (1)Mike asked me to point out (指出) the mistakes in his exercises. (2)Not far from there, you’ll see a signpost pointing to(指向) the town you want to go to. (3)On the one hand, the expert pointed out the advantages of cloning technology, but on the other hand, he did not support cloning research. 一方面, 这个专家指出了克隆技术的优点; 但是另一方面, 他不支持克隆研究。 refer to查阅, 参考; 提到, 谈及, 提交; 指的是 *When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当他们没有取得任何有希望的结果时, 屠呦呦再次求助于中医古籍。 *While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer to the notes. 在进行英语演讲时, 不允许查阅演讲稿。 *The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. 这位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到全球变暖。 *The word “business” also refers to an organization that provides goods and services. 商业这个词也指提供商品和服务的组织。 *My colleague said that as the situation was unusual, he would refer the matter to his editor. 我的同事说, 由于情况不同寻常, 他将把此事提交给他的编辑处理。 用所给单词或词块的正确形式替换黑体部分, 使句意保持不变。 mean, look it up in, mention ①In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. (mentioned) ②When you meet with a new word, you can refer to a dictionary. (look it up in) ③The term “multitasking” referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. (meant) speed up加速 *To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first. 为了加快这一过程并确保其安全性, 屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。 *Make the rural economy flourish and speed up urbanization. 繁荣农村经济, 加快城市化进程。 *The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. 船在巨大的漩涡里, 我们正以极快的速度在漩涡里打转。 *The car is running at a speed of fifty kilometers an hour. 这辆小车正以每小时50千米的速度行驶着。 【词块积累】 at full speed 以全速 at top speed 以最高速 at a speed of 以……的速度 at the speed of light/sound 以光速/声速 (1)语法填空。 ①Do you know the speed at which a rocket travels ②Standing at the top of the hill, we saw the train gradually speeded up and disappeared in the distance. (2)The truck was travelling at a speed of(以……的速度) 50 mph. (3)They drove to the hospital at top speed(以最高速). (4)After driving at high/great speed(以高速), Mark arrived at the destination half an hour early. sb. /sth. is likely to do sth. (√) sb. /sth. is possible/probable to do sth. (×) likely既可用人又可用物作主语; possible和probable作表语时不能用人或物作主语。 (1)语法填空。 ①If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely to bring(bring) your work home. ②It is likely that virtual reality will become a part of modern life in the near future. (2)选词填空: possible/likely/probable。 ①It is highly likely/possible/probable that he will take over his father’s business. ②He is likely to make rapid progress in English because he is studying hard. ③It is possible for you to grow this flower even in winter. ④Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 11. However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而, 由于研究资源和有限, 很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 【句式解构】 本句含有“It is+形容词十不定式”结构。其中It是形式主语, 不定式短语是真正的主语。 * It is hard to think of a world without metals. 很难想象一个没有金属的世界(是什么样子)。 *It is considerate of you to see me off. 你为我送行真体贴。 *It is tough for me to finish the task. 完成这项任务对我来说很难。 It is/was+adj. (for/of sb. )+to do sth. 在“It is/was+adj. (for/of sb. )+to do sth. ”结构中, for前面的形容词通常是difficult, necessary, important, quick, easy等, 这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。而 of 前面的形容词常常是wise, kind, stupid, silly, bright, nice, good等, 这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关。 【知识延伸】 It作形式主语的常见句型: (1)It is+adj. +(for/of sb. ) to do sth. (2)It is+adj. /n. +that从句 (3)It is no good/use doing sth. 做某事是没有好处/用处的 (4)It is+过去分词+that从句 (1)语法填空。 ①Sometimes it may be helpful to use(use) examples to explain abstract concepts. ②It’s kind of you to lend me a hand. ③It is difficult for the boy to solve the problem. ④ It’s no use arguing (argue) with her—she won’t listen. (2)句式升级。 ①You are careless to make so many mistakes in the exam. →It is careless of you to make so many mistakes in the exam. ②He didn’t pass the exam and that’s a shame. →It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam. 【要点拾遗】 12. award n. 奖; 奖品; 奖金 vt. 授予; 颁发; 奖励 *Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. *They awarded the first prize to John. 他们把一等奖授予约翰。 *Learning that he won an award for his album, the composer felt very proud of himself. 得知自己的专辑获奖后, 这位作曲家感到非常自豪。 【词块积累】 get/receive/win an award(for. . . ) 因……获奖 give sb. an award 给某人颁奖 present an award 颁奖 award sb. sth. =award sth. to sb. 授予某人某种荣誉 词语辨析award , reward与 prize (1)award多指奖励、奖赏、奖品, 都与“荣誉”有关, 动词是“授予, 颁发”。 (2)reward含前缀re-“再、又”, 有“返还”之意。是“以回报的方式奖励、奖赏”, 因此常译为“回报、报答、酬谢”等。(a) reward for(doing) sth. (做)某事的奖励 (3)prize指在比赛、竞赛中获得的奖; first prize一等奖 (1)语法填空。 ①The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. ②It is within our power to reward him for his bravery. ③Mo Yan was awarded(award)the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s longheld dreams come true. (4)He won the award for his excellent performance. 他由于出色的表演而获奖。 (5)The winner was awarded a gold medal. =A gold medal was awarded to the winner. 获胜者被授予了一枚金牌。 13. pay off成功, 奏效, 达到目的; 还清 *The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 *He studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He made an A. 他在考试前努力学习, 结果得到了回报。他得了A。 *Once we’ve paid off the debts, we’ll owe money to no one. 一旦我们还清了债务, 我们就不欠任何人钱了。 *Over 1, 000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes. 如果这家工厂关闭, 一千多名工人将获得遣散费。 【词块积累】 pay off (1)用于pay off sth. 或 pay sth. off结构。 通常接account, debt, loan等作宾语。 (2)用于sth. pay off结构。通常用effort, hard work, persistence等作主语。 (3)用于 pay sb. off结构。 pay for 支付; 为……付出代价 翻译句子。 ①他们将在25年内还清债务。 They will pay off their debts within 25 years. / Their debts will be paid off within 25 years. ②辛勤的劳动没有白费。 Hard work pays off. 语法讲解 一、动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如: spoken English (英语口语), iced beer (冰冻啤酒), cooked food (熟食), fried chips (炸土豆条)。 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如boiled water(开水), fallen leaves(落叶), the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 (1)前置定语。 单个的动词-ed形式, 一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 * The excited people rushed into building. (=the people who were excited)激动的人们冲进大楼。 *Lost time can never be found again. (=time which is lost)虚度的时光无法挽回。 (2)后置定语。 ①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 *Everything used should be marked. 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 *Among the people invited were some ladies. 被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。 *The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动, 可改为带被动语态的定语从句; 不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词, 且不能后置)则表示完成, 可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 *Is there anything planned for tonight (=that has been planned for tonight) 今晚有什么活动吗 *The meeting, attended by a lot of people(=which was attended by a lot of people), was a success. 这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。 *We drank some boiled(=which had boiled) water and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 注意: 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。 二、动词-ed形式作状语 1. 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成, 但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构, 作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有 lost (迷路), seated (坐), absorbed in (全神贯注于), dressed in (穿着), tired of (厌烦)等。如: *Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉浸在思考之中, 所以他没听到那个声音。 2. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句, 在句中一般能作五种状语, 即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如: *Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨, 所以他全身湿透了。 (Caught in a heavy rain 相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain) *Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长得很快。 (Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil) 点津 ①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时, 才可以把从句的主语省略, 且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或表示状态。 *When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体检时要保持镇定。 ②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词, 构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语, 即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如: *Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart. 尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了, 但他们并没有灰心。 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1. 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词, 表示被动意义或已完成意义, 有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, 即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 *My grandfather had his old house rebuilt. 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 *They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客人都走了。 2. 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 *I must get my bike repaired. 我必须请人修理我的自行车。(宾语补足语) *The girl was found beaten black and blue. 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。 *We thought the game lost. 我们认为比赛输了。 *I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 *They considered the matter settled. 他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 *I have my hair cut once a month. 我每个月理一次发。 *He was trying to make himself understood. 他试图让别人明白他的意思。 “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义: ① (请人)把某事做完。 *She had her house repaired. 她请人把屋子修好了。 *Where did you have your hair cut 你在哪儿理的发 ②遭遇某种意外情况。 *He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 *She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。 ③完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 *I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 (3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, order等。 *He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 *The students wish the TV serial plays continued. 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 (4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 *The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在背后。 即学活用 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空, 并与A—C的汉语翻译相匹配。 impress/pour/speak A. 覆水难收 B. 流连忘返 C. 一言既出, 驷马难追 ①Once spoken, a word becomes a promise. C ②Once poured, water cannot be taken back again. A ③Impressed by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time. B (2)语法填空。 ①Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. ②Given (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player. ③Looking (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. (3)翻译句子。 1.由于被妈妈所说的话感动, 我忍不住哭了起来。 Moved by what my mother said, I couldn’t help crying. 2.当问到他出生在哪里时, 约翰说他是纽约人。 When asked where he was born, John said he was a New Yorker. 用本单元所学的语法知识填空。 When a baby is in danger, its mother will be crazy and worried. This is something anyone can relate to, even though we are talking about a mother elephant 1. separated(separate)from her child. A video 2. recording(record) the reunion between the elephant and her 8-month-old baby in Kenya was one of the most impressive scenes. The baby fell inside a man-made hole and was unable to climb out, according to the video 3. released(release) by the Amboseli Trust for Elephants. Despite the best efforts 4. made(make)by her desperate mother, the baby seemed helpless until a team of workers rushed 5. to help(help). They had to drive the overprotective mother away first, so that they could get close enough 6. to rescue(rescue)the baby with ropes and a vehicle. Luckily, the workers managed 7. to pull (pull)the baby to safety. What followed was a 8. touching(touch)scene. As soon as the baby was freed, it ran away across the plain. In the distance, the cries of her mother could be heard as she came 9. running (run)from the opposite direction. The two were reunited, 10. hugging (hug) each other with their trunks. 【课堂检测】 牛津译林2020版必修三Unit4 Reading同步练习 一、根据句意并结合汉语或首字母提示填写单词 We finished later than we （打算，计划）. She agreed to employ me for a (试用；试验) period. The cobra is one of the world’s (致命的，致死的) snakes. We are doing our best with the (有限的) resources available. (共和国) have presidents who are elected, rather than kings or queens. There is (广泛的) support for the government’s policies. Many people do not like the idea of (实验，试验) on animals. Most (家庭) now own at least one car. These reasons are not (足够的，充足的) to justify the ban. The game has already been (推迟，延期) three times. I question the (明智) of giving a child so much money. If cancers are spotted early there’s a high chance of s . I have promised not to r to the matter again. It would take him the rest of his life to p off that loan. There are a lot of vitamins that are b to our health. You notice that your breathing has s up a bit. Many drugs were found through trial and e . He was nominated for the best actor a . The d of qinghaosu enabled malaria patients to survive. Laughter is the best m . 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 The writer clearly intends his readers (identify) with the mian character. Some people feel that (experiment) on animals is wrong. She is finding that her job is not limited to (be) a nurse. It was an unpopular decision to postpone (build) the new hospital. She made no (refer) to her illness but only to her future plans. I have no (intend) of going to the wedding. This drink does not (container) any alcohol. The president (broad) got what he wanted out of his meeting. She was the last (survive) member of the family. The following day she felt (sufficient) well to go to work. I’m older and (wisdom) after ten years in the business. The new regulations will be of (beneficial) to everyone concerned. The notes are (intend) as an introduction to the course. The poor child looks more (deadly) than alive. 单句语法填空 These measures would make valuable (contribute) to (reduce) industrial accidents. He is currently trial for drunk driving. They asked what his plans were after (graduate). Thanks her skilful handling of the affair, the problem was averted. The party failed (win) the election. There is no simple solution this problem. All my efforts ended in (fail). In the past this process of transition has often proven (difficulty). He was voted the most (promise) new actor for his part in the movie. Aspirin is a simple but highly (effect) treatment. We have already succeeded in (work) out ground rules with the Department of Defense. Jill volunteered (organize) a petition. In the meantime the war of nerves seems likely (continue). She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and (eventual) work for ‘The Times’. Banks actively encourage people (borrow) money. He drew his experience to train new teachers. 四、根据要求翻译句子 他被艺术学校录取了。（succeed in doing sth.） 她决心成为一名医生，她的坚持不懈终于带来了成功。（pay off） 大多数被邀请参加会议的人是我的同事。（过去分词做后置定语） 当她不在时，她很高兴看到他的母亲被很好地照顾着。（过去分词做宾语补足语） 尽管受到了朋友的鼓舞，他对自己仍然没有信心。（过去分词做状语） 路上到处是落叶。（过去分词做定语） 他离开英格兰，打算去非洲旅行。（with the intention of） 通过反复试验，他终于明白它是如何运作的。（through trial and error） 答案 一 1.intended 2.trial 3.deadliest 4.limited 5.Republics 6.broad 7.experiments 8.households 9.sufficient 10.postponed 11.wisdom 12.survive 13.refer 14.pay 15.beneficial 16.speeded 17.error 18.award 19.discovery 20.medicine 二 1.to identify 2.experimenting 3.being 4.building 5.reference 6.intention 7.contain 8.broadly 9.surviving 10.sufficiently 11.wiser 12.benefit 13.intended 14.dead 三1.contributions, reducing 2.on 3. graduation 4.to 5.to win 6.to 7. failure 8.difficult 9.promising 10.effective 11.working 12.to organize 13.to continue 14.eventually 15.to borrow 16.on 四1.He succeeded in getting a place at art school. 2.She was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off. 3.Most of the people invited to the conference were my colleagues. 4.She was glad to see her mother taken good care of when she was away. 5.Inspired by his friends, he still has no confidence in himself. 6.The road is/was covered with fallen leaves. 7.He left England with the intention of travelling in Africa. 8. Through trial and error, he finally found out how it worked. A 1. Scenic landscapes on stamps: A nine-day tour in the cities of Xuzhou,Suqian and Huai'an in northern Jiangsu province. This route is associated with local culture, characteristics, and creativity. It offers a taste of the famous canal cities. 2.Life on the Grand Canal: A seven-day Jiangsu tour through the cities of Nanjing, Suqian, Huai'an,Yangzhou and Suzhou. This route presents the most authentic, economic, cultural and entertainment-focused activities along the canal from both ancient and modern times.I allows visitors to ride in boats and observe local fishermen fishing. 3.Food,culture,leisure and health;Seven-day experience of local life in Zhenjiang Changzhou,Wuxi and Suzhou To increase tourists’ interest in the traditional culture and crafts of Jiangsu, the route will include pottery,embroidery(刺绣), paper-cutting, cooking and other hands-on experiences. It includes scenic spots along the Beijing-Hangzhou Gran Canal, ancient water towns, historical streets and ancient fishing villages.Visitors can join in the recreational farmhouse experience and pick up both fruits and vegetables 4．A walk into history: Six-day tour in Xuzhou, Suqian,Huai’an,Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou and Wuxi The Beiing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the entire province and has been a part of Jiangsu's culture for thousands of years. Inspired by the canal, the route includes historical cities Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai'an,Yangzhou along with Zheniang Changzhou and Wuxi. 21. Which of the following do the four travel routes share A A time duration of less than a week. B. Ancient towns in southern Jiangsu. C. The Grand Canal. D. The city of Suqian. 22. Which route is the best for an in-depth tourist who wants to cover fewer cities with more time A. Route 1 B. Route 2 C. Route 3 D. Route 4. 23. What can you enjoy in the route only covering Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang A. Rowing a boat. B. Trying on paper-cutting. C. Growing vegetables. D. Fishing with local villagers. 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 【温故知新】 B When people sit together at night and enjoy the glorious moon, an ancient poem, Prelude to Water Melody, is often read for this occasion. Critics say it's probably the best poem about the Mid-Autumn Festival. Let's just focus on its most famous five lines to make some analysis. In the first two lines of the five, the writer is comparing the life of a man with the changing face of the moon. In Chinese culture the moon is always considered to be a perfect carrier of emotions like nostalgia（怀旧）ad longing for family reunion. A full moon symbolizes perfection and unity, while a gloomy night may remind people of their fortunes. When the moon is round and fair but people are separated from their loved ones, such moments can be even more heartbreaking. Before the comparison, the poet actually complains about the seemingly "ruthless（无情的）"moon and asks her: You should have no spite（怨恨）against man, but why, when people part, are you often full and bright However, he soon realizes that no one has an easy ride, just like the moon may not always be bright. The imperfections have been going one since the beginning of time. That’s why he says "There has been nothing perfect since the olden days." But should we get bogged down（陷入）by the suffering of things with which we can't change The poet gives his answer: Change your attitude and stay positive. So we have his everlasting line, "________." The poet hopes that people appreciate the fact that no matter where they are, as long as the ones they love and miss are healthy and happy, they can all admire the same moon high in the sky. To this day, people still use this verse to express their good will and wishes for family members and friends who can't be with them, especially during major festivals. 24. What does the passage mainly talk about A. How we can appreciate Chinese poetry about the Mid-Autumn Day. B. When we must recite the best Chinese poetry about the Mid-Autumn Day. C. What made a poet write the best ever Mid-Autumn Day Chinese poem. D. Why a poem is the peak of Chinese poetry about the Mid-Autumn Day. 25. Why does the poet write "nothing is perfect since the olden day" in the poem A. He doesn't understand why the moon hates humans. B. He knows eventually the moon will become full again. C. He realizes life is always accompanied by imperfections. D. He understands life is too ruthless and has lost his interest in it. 26. Which of the following lines is the most suitable for the blank in Paragraph 4 A. How long will the full moon appear Wine cup in hand I ask the sky. B. Looking up,I find the moon bright; bowing, in homesickness I'm drowned. C. In spring the river rises as high as the sea; with the river's tide uprises the moon bright. D. May we all be blessed with a long life; miles apart, we’ll share the beauty, of the moon together. 27. We can infer from this article that the author A. is a very optimistic poet. B. likes the first two lines of the five most. C. appreciates the poet's optimism in the poem. D. believes a positive state of mind is a must to a good poet. 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. D 27. C C In 2009,Dr. Kathleen Wermke, who studies babies' first sounds,and her colleagues made headlines with a study showing that French and German newborns produce distinctly different"cry sounds". German newborns produce more cries that fall from a higher to a lower pitch，imitating（模仿）the falling intonation（语调）of the German language,while French babies tend to cry with the rising intonation of French.At this age, babies experiment with a wide variety of sounds,and can learn any language.But they are already influenced by their mother tongue.Today, Dr.Wermke's lab houses a collection of around a half-million recordings of babies from as far as Cameroon and China. The analysis of these recordings has produced further insights into the factors that e a baby's first sounds. Newborns whose mothers speak tonal languages,such as Chinese, tend to produce more complex cry sounds. Swedish newborns, whose native language has what linguists(语言学家)call a"pitch accent"，produce more sing-songy cries. Hearing and imitating are fundamental to language development. By the third trimester(妊娠期），a fetus(胎儿)can hear the rhythm and melody of its mother's voice- known as"prosody（韵律）".Since individual words are not heard clearly， prosody becomes the major characteristic of language for the fetus. Through stress, pauses and so on, prosody cuts up the sound into words and phrases-that is,into speech These studies form the basis for the lab's broader effort to map the typical development of a baby's cries. Knowing what typical development looks like, and what factors can influence it, helps doctors address potential problems early on and understand how hearing problems are affecting the babies' ability to imitate and experiment with language, and how they are progressing after treatment. 28. What is the study of Dr.Kathleen and her colleagues mainly about A. Difference between languages. B. The way people cry in different countries. C. Factors about babies' first sounds. D. Similarities between babies' first cry. 29. Which of the following languages sounds more like a song A. Chinese. B. German. C. French. D. Swedish. 30. Why do babies in different countries produce different"cry sounds" A Their language learning ability is too low. B. They imitate their mother tongue even when crying. C. They are fond of playing with different ways of crying. D. They like trying different kinds of sounds. 31. What can we know from this passage A. A child's language ability is mainly determined by its first cry. B. The Chinese language is more difficult to learn than the German language. C. A fetus can already understand the major meaning of its mother'slanguage. D. Children with hearing problems will have difficulty learning a language. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 【康奈尔笔记法——5R笔记法】 5R笔记法，又叫做康奈尔笔记法，是用产生这种笔记法的大学校名命名的。这一方法几乎适用于一切讲授或阅读课，特别是对于听课笔记，5R笔记法应是最佳首选。这种方法是记与学，思考与运用相结合的有效方法。 1.记录（Record） 在听讲或阅读过程中，在记录栏（有称为主栏，及最大的一个区域）内尽量多记有意义的论据、概念等讲课内容。 2.简化（Reduce） 下课以后，尽可能及早将这些论据、概念简明扼要地概括（简化）在回忆栏，即副栏。 3.背诵（Recite） 把主栏遮住，只用回忆栏中的摘记提示，尽量完满地叙述课堂上讲过的内容。 4.思考（Reflect） 将自己的听课随感、意见、经验体会之类的内容，与讲课内容区分开，写在卡片或笔记本的某一单独部分，加上标题和索引，编制成提纲、摘要，分成类目。并随时归档。 5.复习（Review） 每周花十分钟左右时间，快速复习笔记，主要是先看回忆栏，适当看主栏，并在复习栏绘制这部分内容的知识思维导图。 康奈尔Cornell笔记法使用说明 (
记忆栏：
2
.
简化
（
R
educe）
3.背诵
（
R
ecite）
在这里
学习内容的简化
：
解法提炼、学习提示
) (
记忆栏：
1.记录（R
ecord
）在这里
记录课堂笔记：
用
简洁的文字、
符号、记号
记录课堂要点
) (
复习栏
：
4.思考
（
R
eflect）
5.复习
（
R
eview）
在
这里
用思维导图
形式总结本节课的重难点
) 康奈尔Cornell笔记法使用说明 (
记忆栏：
) (
记忆栏：
) (
复习栏
：
)课程主题： 必修三 unit 4 （上）知识点梳理
学习目标 掌握重要的词汇用法 掌握过去分词的用法
教学内容
【进门测试】 问选下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every Sunday after church,CJ and his grandma ride the bus across town. Down the bus stop,he watched the wipers moving against the windshield（挡风玻璃）of a nearby car. His friend Colby ____41____in, gave CJ a wave, and drove off with his dad. “Nana, how come we don’t get a car ” “Boy, what do we need a car for We’ve got a bus that breathes fire, and Mr.Dennis,who always has a ____42____ for you.”The bus came to a stop in front of them. It sighed and the doors____43____ open.”What’s that I see ” Mr. Dennis asked. He ____44____ a coin from behind CJ's ear, placing it in his hand. Nana laughed her deep laugh and pushed CJ along. At the next stop,a man got on with a spotted dog. CJ ____45____ his seat. “How come that man can't ____46____ ” “Boy, some people watch the world with their ears,” Nana told him. “Their ____47____, too,” the man said, “You ____48____ so good today, madam” Nana laughed her deep laugh. “____49____ stop on Market Street,” Mr. Dennis called. CJ looked around as he _____50_____ the bus. Crumbling（裂缝的）sidewalks，broken-down doors，and graffiti-tagged windows... “How come it’s always so _____51_____ over here ”Nana _____52_____, pointing to the sky. “Sometimes when you're surrounded by dirt, you'll better _____53_____ what’s beautiful.” CJ looked all around again, at the bus _____54_____ the corner out of sight, the broken streetlamps still shining bright and the stray-cat shadows moving_____55_____ the wall. When he spotted all of these, he said, “I'm glad we came.” 41. A. climbed B. came C. drew D. drove 42. A. story B. trick C. plan D. game 43. A. remained B. broke C. crashed D. swung 44. A. earned B. made C. pulled D. showed 45. A. covered B. took C. accepted D. offered 46. A. see B. walk C. sit D. talk 47. A. eyes B. noses C. hands D. mouths 48. A. smile B. sound C. smell D. look 49. A. Last B. Next C. Another D. First 50. A. ran after B. turned to C. stepped off D. waited for 51 A. old B. dirty C. poor D. busy 52. A. frowned B. reflected C. shouted D. smiled 53. A. witness B. destroy C. forget D. pardon 54. A. facing B. avoiding C. rounding D. striking 55. A. through B. across C. outside D. beneath 【多元导学】 【互动精讲】 survival n. 生存, 存活; 残存物, 幸存事物 *Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素, 世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。 *Several buildings in the town have survived from medieval times. 镇上有几座建筑物是从中世纪时期留存下来的。 *He survived the earthquake. 他在地震中幸存下来。 词块积累： (1)survival n. 幸存; 残留下来的人(物) survivor n. 幸存者 (2)A survive B (by. . . ) A比B活得长(……) survive sth. (经历意外、战争、疾病等后)幸存, 活下来 survive on 靠……生存下来 即学活用： (1)语法填空。 ①How does the family survive ___________ such a small monthly wage ②It’s said that the woman survived her husband ___________10 years. ③Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our___________l (survive). (2)句式升级。 After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right. →___________, she was confident that everything else would be all right. (用现在分词短语作状语改写) 2. intend vi. &vt. 想要; 计划; 意指 *In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 在20世纪60年代, 许多人死于疟疾, 1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长, 这个小组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 *I intend you to come with me. 我打算让你和我一起去。 *We intend that production will start next month. 我们打算下个月开始生产。 *The program was set up with the intention of providing help for homeless people. 设立这个项目的目的是为无家可归的人提供帮助。 【词块积累】 (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算去做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人去做某事 sb. intend(s) that =It is intended that 打算 (2)intended adj. 预期的, 有意的 be intended for. . . 为……准备 (3)intention n. 意图 with the intention of. . . 怀着……的意图 即学活用： ①We intend ___________(go) to Australia next year. ②I didn’t intend her ___________ (see) the painting until it was finished. ③She had a firm___________ (intend) within herself to be the best swimmer. (2)这本词典专为高中生量身打造。(be intended for) 译文: The dictionary is intended for senior high school students. 3. inspire vt. 鼓舞; 激励; 启发思考 *Inspired by an over 1, 600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载, 古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物, 受此启发, 屠呦呦重新设计了实验, 为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分, 她尝试在低温下提取。 *How do you inspire your students to do their best 你如何激励你的学生们, 使他们发挥出最好水平呢 *I inspired Tom with hope. 我用希望激励汤姆。 *I can not write without inspiration. 没有灵感我写不出东西。 【词块积累】 (1)inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth. 用……来激励某人 inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人某种情感 (2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的 (3)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的; 启发灵感的 (4) inspiration n. 灵感; 鼓舞 即学活用：语法填空 ①The captain’s heroic effort inspired them ___________determination. =The captain’s heroic effort inspired determination in them. ②His speech was so___________(inspire)that his students were inspired___________ (study) harder than ever before. ③___________(inspire) by my good friend, I intended to study abroad. limited adj. 有限的 *Time is limited and let’s come straight to the point. 时间有限, 我们开门见山吧。 *The damage was limited to the roof. 损坏仅限于屋顶。 *We should set a limit to/on what our children can do. 我们应该为孩子们能做的事设定一个限度。 *There is no limit to what you can do if you are hardworking. 你如果努力的话, 成就无可限量。 【词块积累】 (1)be limited to 限定在…… limit. . . to. . . (=be limited to) 把……限制在……内 limit sb. to (doing) sth. 限制某人(做)某事 (2)limit n. 限度; 限制 vt. 限制; 限定 beyond/over the limit 超过限度 within/without limits 适度地/ 无节制地 set a limit to/on 在……上设定限度 There is a/no limit to. . . ……是有/ 无限度的(to 是介词) (3)limitless adj. 无限的 即学活用： (1) 语法填空 ① In my opinion, taking cellphones with the students should not be banned, but ___________(limit) to certain areas. ②As we all know, a person’s life is limited, but knowledge is ___________. (limit) ③I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit___________what I can do. (2)In my opinion, you ___________ the expense of your trip. 在我看来, 你们最好给你们的旅行费用定一个限度。 (3)To lose weight, he___________. 为了减肥, 他限制自己一天只喝三杯牛奶, 吃几个水果。 beneficial adj. 有益的; 有用的 *Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代科学家利用中医的智慧, 确实会发现更多有益于全球卫生保健的药物。 *The money is used for the benefit of the poor. 这笔钱是用来造福穷人的。 *The rain will benefit the crops greatly. 这场雨对庄稼大有好处。 *I am sure everyone will benefit a lot from this activity. 我相信每个人都会从这次活动中受益良多。 【词块积累】 benefit v. /n. 使受益/好处 benefit from/by 得益于……, 从……中受益 to one’s benefit 对某人有益 be of benefit to=be beneficial to 对……益处 for the benefit of sb. =for one’s benefit 为了某人的利益 (1)语法填空。 ①It is said that yoga is of great benefit _________human health. In other words, we can benefit___________ yoga. ②In fact, music education is ___________(benefit) and important to all the students. (2)Taking plenty of exercise can be ___________ (对……非常有好处) your health. (3)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals___________(为了……的利益) all its citizens. 6. conduct vt. /vi. 组织, 实施; 指挥; 引导; 举止; 传导n. 行为 *(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. 为了测试社会影响力对饮食习惯的影响, 研究人员进行了两个实验。 *So far we have conducted a variety of activities on English learning. 到目前为止, 我们已经开展了各种各样的英语学习活动。 *The guide conducted us around the West Lake. 导游带我们游览了西湖。 *Make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbour should. 你一定要像一个好邻居一样行事。 *Confucius suggested a principle for the conduct of life “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you. ” 孔子提出了“己所不欲, 勿施于人”的人生准则。 【词块积累】 (1)conduct sb. around. . . 带某人参观…… conduct sb. to. . . 带某人去…… conduct oneself well/badly (行为)表现好/差 (2)conduction n. 传导 conductor n. 指挥, 售票员 (1)语法填空。 ①The orchestra(管弦乐队)were all in position, waiting for the___________(conduct). ②Iron, being a metal, readily ___________(conduct) heat. (2)写出句中黑体单词的汉语释义。 ①His conduct disagrees (不一致)with his words. (行为) ②To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. (进行) ③He conducted himself far better than expected. (表现) 7. draw upon/on利用; 凭借; 依靠, 依赖; 临近 *Drawing upon more than 1, 500 years of Chinese music, Twelve Girls Band mixes this rich tradition with classical, folk and contemporary sounds. 凭借一千五百多年的中国音乐, 女子十二乐坊把这些丰富的传统与古典、民间和当代的声音融合在了一起。 *As the people draw near they can hear the deep growling roar. 人们走近时能听到深沉的轰隆声。 *It is important to draw a conclusion from the facts. 从事实中得出结论很重要。 *They agreed to draw up a formal agreement. 他们同意起草一份正式协议。 【词块积累】 draw near/close (时间、空间的)临近 draw a conclusion (from. . . ) (从……中)得出结论 draw one’s attention (to. . . ) 吸引某人的注意(……) draw up 草拟 (1)写出下列句中draw upon/on的含义。 ①Musicians often draw upon their imagination for composing. ___________ ②I will draw upon you for help when necessary. ___________ ③The College Entrance Examination is drawing on, so we must devote ourselves to studying. ___________ (2)Scientists have ___________ smoking is greatly associated with lung cancer. 科学家们已得出结论: 肺癌与吸烟有很大的关系。 8. point out指出 *In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou referred to the strengths of both Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths. 屠呦呦在诺贝尔奖演讲中提到了中医和西医的优势, 并指出如果科学家充分利用这些优势, 未来的发展潜力巨大。 *To me, this is a very thought-provoking argument, as it points out the benefits of online friendships. 对我来说, 这是一个非常发人深省的论点, 因为它指出了网上交友的好处。 *He is pointing to the north. 他正在指向北方。 *Bob is pointing at a tree. Bob正在指着一棵树。 *She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang. 她正要出去, 电话铃响了。 point out是由“动词+副词”构成的短语, 所以后面的宾语若是代词, 应把代词放在point与out之间。 【词块积累】 point to 指向(强调方向) point at 指向(强调目标), 指着 be on the point of doing sth. when. . . 正要/即将……的时候/ 在……之际; 正要 (1)Mike asked me to ___________(指出) the mistakes in his exercises. (2)Not far from there, you’ll see a signpost ___________(指向) the town you want to go to. (3)___________, the expert ___________the advantages of cloning technology, ___________, he did not support cloning research. 一方面, 这个专家指出了克隆技术的优点; 但是另一方面, 他不支持克隆研究。 refer to查阅, 参考; 提到, 谈及, 提交; 指的是 *When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当他们没有取得任何有希望的结果时, 屠呦呦再次求助于中医古籍。 *While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer to the notes. 在进行英语演讲时, 不允许查阅演讲稿。 *The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. 这位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到全球变暖。 *The word “business” also refers to an organization that provides goods and services. 商业这个词也指提供商品和服务的组织。 *My colleague said that as the situation was unusual, he would refer the matter to his editor. 我的同事说, 由于情况不同寻常, 他将把此事提交给他的编辑处理。 用所给单词或词块的正确形式替换黑体部分, 使句意保持不变。 mean, look it up in, mention ①In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. (___________) ②When you meet with a new word, you can refer to a dictionary. (___________) ③The term “multitasking” referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. (___________) speed up加速 *To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first. 为了加快这一过程并确保其安全性, 屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。 *Make the rural economy flourish and speed up urbanization. 繁荣农村经济, 加快城市化进程。 *The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. 船在巨大的漩涡里, 我们正以极快的速度在漩涡里打转。 *The car is running at a speed of fifty kilometers an hour. 这辆小车正以每小时50千米的速度行驶着。 【词块积累】 at full speed 以全速 at top speed 以最高速 at a speed of 以……的速度 at the speed of light/sound 以光速/声速 (1)语法填空。 ①Do you know the speed ___________ which a rocket travels ②Standing at the top of the hill, we saw the train gradually speeded ___________ and disappeared in the distance. (2)The truck was travelling ___________(以……的速度) 50 mph. (3)They drove to the hospital ___________(以最高速). (4)After driving___________(以高速), Mark arrived at the destination half an hour early. sb. /sth. is likely to do sth. (√) sb. /sth. is possible/probable to do sth. (×) likely既可用人又可用物作主语; possible和probable作表语时不能用人或物作主语。 (1)语法填空。 ①If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ___________(bring) your work home. ②It is likely___________virtual reality will become a part of modern life in the near future. (2)选词填空: possible/likely/probable。 ①It is highly ___________ that he will take over his father’s business. ②He is ___________ to make rapid progress in English because he is studying hard. ③It is ___________for you to grow this flower even in winter. ④Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very ___________ to be a Beethoven. 11. However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而, 由于研究资源和有限, 很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 【句式解构】 本句含有“It is+形容词十不定式”结构。其中It是形式主语, 不定式短语是真正的主语。 * It is hard to think of a world without metals. 很难想象一个没有金属的世界(是什么样子)。 *It is considerate of you to see me off. 你为我送行真体贴。 *It is tough for me to finish the task. 完成这项任务对我来说很难。 It is/was+adj. (for/of sb. )+to do sth. 在“It is/was+adj. (for/of sb. )+to do sth. ”结构中, for前面的形容词通常是difficult, necessary, important, quick, easy等, 这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。而 of 前面的形容词常常是wise, kind, stupid, silly, bright, nice, good等, 这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关。 【知识延伸】 It作形式主语的常见句型: (1)It is+adj. +(for/of sb. ) to do sth. (2)It is+adj. /n. +that从句 (3)It is no good/use doing sth. 做某事是没有好处/用处的 (4)It is+过去分词+that从句 (1)语法填空。 ①Sometimes it may be helpful___________(use) examples to explain abstract concepts. ②It’s kind ___________you to lend me a hand. ③It is difficult ___________ the boy to solve the problem. ④ It’s no use ___________ (argue) with her—she won’t listen. (2)句式升级。 ①You are careless to make so many mistakes in the exam. →It is careless of you to make so many mistakes in the exam. ②He didn’t pass the exam and that’s a shame. →It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam. 【要点拾遗】 12. award n. 奖; 奖品; 奖金 vt. 授予; 颁发; 奖励 *Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. *They awarded the first prize to John. 他们把一等奖授予约翰。 *Learning that he won an award for his album, the composer felt very proud of himself. 得知自己的专辑获奖后, 这位作曲家感到非常自豪。 【词块积累】 get/receive/win an award(for. . . ) 因……获奖 give sb. an award 给某人颁奖 present an award 颁奖 award sb. sth. =award sth. to sb. 授予某人某种荣誉 词语辨析award , reward与 prize (1)award多指奖励、奖赏、奖品, 都与“荣誉”有关, 动词是“授予, 颁发”。 (2)reward含前缀re-“再、又”, 有“返还”之意。是“以回报的方式奖励、奖赏”, 因此常译为“回报、报答、酬谢”等。(a) reward for(doing) sth. (做)某事的奖励 (3)prize指在比赛、竞赛中获得的奖; first prize一等奖 (1)语法填空。 ①The Olympic winner received a gold medal as ___________ award. ②It is within our power to reward him ___________ his bravery. ③Mo Yan___________(award)the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s longheld dreams come true. (4)He ___________his excellent performance. 他由于出色的表演而获奖。 (5)The winner was awarded a gold medal. =A gold medal ___________the winner. 获胜者被授予了一枚金牌。 13. pay off成功, 奏效, 达到目的; 还清 *The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 *He studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He made an A. 他在考试前努力学习, 结果得到了回报。他得了A。 *Once we’ve paid off the debts, we’ll owe money to no one. 一旦我们还清了债务, 我们就不欠任何人钱了。 *Over 1, 000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes. 如果这家工厂关闭, 一千多名工人将获得遣散费。 【词块积累】 pay off (1)用于pay off sth. 或 pay sth. off结构。 通常接account, debt, loan等作宾语。 (2)用于sth. pay off结构。通常用effort, hard work, persistence等作主语。 (3)用于 pay sb. off结构。 pay for 支付; 为……付出代价 翻译句子。 ①他们将在25年内还清债务。 ___________ ②辛勤的劳动没有白费。 ___________ 语法讲解 一、动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如: spoken English (英语口语), iced beer (冰冻啤酒), cooked food (熟食), fried chips (炸土豆条)。 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如boiled water(开水), fallen leaves(落叶), the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 (1)前置定语。 单个的动词-ed形式, 一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 * The excited people rushed into building. (=the people who were excited)激动的人们冲进大楼。 *Lost time can never be found again. (=time which is lost)虚度的时光无法挽回。 (2)后置定语。 ①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 *Everything used should be marked. 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 *Among the people invited were some ladies. 被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。 *The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动, 可改为带被动语态的定语从句; 不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词, 且不能后置)则表示完成, 可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 *Is there anything planned for tonight (=that has been planned for tonight) 今晚有什么活动吗 *The meeting, attended by a lot of people(=which was attended by a lot of people), was a success. 这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。 *We drank some boiled(=which had boiled) water and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 注意: 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。 二、动词-ed形式作状语 1. 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成, 但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构, 作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有 lost (迷路), seated (坐), absorbed in (全神贯注于), dressed in (穿着), tired of (厌烦)等。如: *Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉浸在思考之中, 所以他没听到那个声音。 2. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句, 在句中一般能作五种状语, 即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如: *Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨, 所以他全身湿透了。 (Caught in a heavy rain 相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain) *Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长得很快。 (Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil) 点津 ①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时, 才可以把从句的主语省略, 且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或表示状态。 *When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体检时要保持镇定。 ②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词, 构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语, 即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如: *Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart. 尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了, 但他们并没有灰心。 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1. 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词, 表示被动意义或已完成意义, 有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, 即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 *My grandfather had his old house rebuilt. 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 *They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客人都走了。 2. 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 *I must get my bike repaired. 我必须请人修理我的自行车。(宾语补足语) *The girl was found beaten black and blue. 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。 *We thought the game lost. 我们认为比赛输了。 *I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 *They considered the matter settled. 他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 *I have my hair cut once a month. 我每个月理一次发。 *He was trying to make himself understood. 他试图让别人明白他的意思。 “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义: ① (请人)把某事做完。 *She had her house repaired. 她请人把屋子修好了。 *Where did you have your hair cut 你在哪儿理的发 ②遭遇某种意外情况。 *He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 *She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。 ③完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 *I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 (3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, order等。 *He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 *The students wish the TV serial plays continued. 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 (4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 *The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在背后。 即学活用 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空, 并与A—C的汉语翻译相匹配。 impress/pour/speak A. 覆水难收 B. 流连忘返 C. 一言既出, 驷马难追 ①Once spoken, a word becomes a promise. C ②Once poured, water cannot be taken back again. A ③Impressed by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time. B (2)语法填空。 ①___________ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. ②___________ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player. ③___________ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. (3)翻译句子。 1.由于被妈妈所说的话感动, 我忍不住哭了起来。 ___________ 2.当问到他出生在哪里时, 约翰说他是纽约人。 ___________ 用本单元所学的语法知识填空。 When a baby is in danger, its mother will be crazy and worried. This is something anyone can relate to, even though we are talking about a mother elephant 1. ___________(separate)from her child. A video 2. ___________(record) the reunion between the elephant and her 8-month-old baby in Kenya was one of the most impressive scenes. The baby fell inside a man-made hole and was unable to climb out, according to the video 3. ___________(release) by the Amboseli Trust for Elephants. Despite the best efforts 4. ___________(make)by her desperate mother, the baby seemed helpless until a team of workers rushed 5. ___________help(help). They had to drive the overprotective mother away first, so that they could get close enough 6. ___________(rescue)the baby with ropes and a vehicle. Luckily, the workers managed 7. ___________ (pull)the baby to safety. What followed was a 8. ___________(touch)scene. As soon as the baby was freed, it ran away across the plain. In the distance, the cries of her mother could be heard as she came 9. ___________ (run)from the opposite direction. The two were reunited, 10. ___________ (hug) each other with their trunks. 【课堂检测】 牛津译林2020版必修三Unit4 Reading同步练习 一、根据句意并结合汉语或首字母提示填写单词 We finished later than we （打算，计划）. She agreed to employ me for a (试用；试验) period. The cobra is one of the world’s (致命的，致死的) snakes. We are doing our best with the (有限的) resources available. (共和国) have presidents who are elected, rather than kings or queens. There is (广泛的) support for the government’s policies. Many people do not like the idea of (实验，试验) on animals. Most (家庭) now own at least one car. These reasons are not (足够的，充足的) to justify the ban. The game has already been (推迟，延期) three times. I question the (明智) of giving a child so much money. If cancers are spotted early there’s a high chance of s . I have promised not to r to the matter again. It would take him the rest of his life to p off that loan. There are a lot of vitamins that are b to our health. You notice that your breathing has s up a bit. Many drugs were found through trial and e . He was nominated for the best actor a . The d of qinghaosu enabled malaria patients to survive. Laughter is the best m . 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 The writer clearly intends his readers (identify) with the mian character. Some people feel that (experiment) on animals is wrong. She is finding that her job is not limited to (be) a nurse. It was an unpopular decision to postpone (build) the new hospital. She made no (refer) to her illness but only to her future plans. I have no (intend) of going to the wedding. This drink does not (container) any alcohol. The president (broad) got what he wanted out of his meeting. She was the last (survive) member of the family. The following day she felt (sufficient) well to go to work. I’m older and (wisdom) after ten years in the business. The new regulations will be of (beneficial) to everyone concerned. The notes are (intend) as an introduction to the course. The poor child looks more (deadly) than alive. 单句语法填空 These measures would make valuable (contribute) to (reduce) industrial accidents. He is currently trial for drunk driving. They asked what his plans were after (graduate). Thanks her skilful handling of the affair, the problem was averted. The party failed (win) the election. There is no simple solution this problem. All my efforts ended in (fail). In the past this process of transition has often proven (difficulty). He was voted the most (promise) new actor for his part in the movie. Aspirin is a simple but highly (effect) treatment. We have already succeeded in (work) out ground rules with the Department of Defense. Jill volunteered (organize) a petition. In the meantime the war of nerves seems likely (continue). She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and (eventual) work for ‘The Times’. Banks actively encourage people (borrow) money. He drew his experience to train new teachers. 四、根据要求翻译句子 他被艺术学校录取了。（succeed in doing sth.） 她决心成为一名医生，她的坚持不懈终于带来了成功。（pay off） 大多数被邀请参加会议的人是我的同事。（过去分词做后置定语） 当她不在时，她很高兴看到他的母亲被很好地照顾着。（过去分词做宾语补足语） 尽管受到了朋友的鼓舞，他对自己仍然没有信心。（过去分词做状语） 路上到处是落叶。（过去分词做定语） 他离开英格兰，打算去非洲旅行。（with the intention of） 通过反复试验，他终于明白它是如何运作的。（through trial and error） A 1. Scenic landscapes on stamps: A nine-day tour in the cities of Xuzhou,Suqian and Huai'an in northern Jiangsu province. This route is associated with local culture, characteristics, and creativity. It offers a taste of the famous canal cities. 2.Life on the Grand Canal: A seven-day Jiangsu tour through the cities of Nanjing, Suqian, Huai'an,Yangzhou and Suzhou. This route presents the most authentic, economic, cultural and entertainment-focused activities along the canal from both ancient and modern times.I allows visitors to ride in boats and observe local fishermen fishing. 3.Food,culture,leisure and health;Seven-day experience of local life in Zhenjiang Changzhou,Wuxi and Suzhou To increase tourists’ interest in the traditional culture and crafts of Jiangsu, the route will include pottery,embroidery(刺绣), paper-cutting, cooking and other hands-on experiences. It includes scenic spots along the Beijing-Hangzhou Gran Canal, ancient water towns, historical streets and ancient fishing villages.Visitors can join in the recreational farmhouse experience and pick up both fruits and vegetables 4．A walk into history: Six-day tour in Xuzhou, Suqian,Huai’an,Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou and Wuxi The Beiing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the entire province and has been a part of Jiangsu's culture for thousands of years. Inspired by the canal, the route includes historical cities Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai'an,Yangzhou along with Zheniang Changzhou and Wuxi. 21. Which of the following do the four travel routes share A A time duration of less than a week. B. Ancient towns in southern Jiangsu. C. The Grand Canal. D. The city of Suqian. 22. Which route is the best for an in-depth tourist who wants to cover fewer cities with more time A. Route 1 B. Route 2 C. Route 3 D. Route 4. 23. What can you enjoy in the route only covering Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang A. Rowing a boat. B. Trying on paper-cutting. C. Growing vegetables. D. Fishing with local villagers. 【温故知新】 B When people sit together at night and enjoy the glorious moon, an ancient poem, Prelude to Water Melody, is often read for this occasion. Critics say it's probably the best poem about the Mid-Autumn Festival. Let's just focus on its most famous five lines to make some analysis. In the first two lines of the five, the writer is comparing the life of a man with the changing face of the moon. In Chinese culture the moon is always considered to be a perfect carrier of emotions like nostalgia（怀旧）ad longing for family reunion. A full moon symbolizes perfection and unity, while a gloomy night may remind people of their fortunes. When the moon is round and fair but people are separated from their loved ones, such moments can be even more heartbreaking. Before the comparison, the poet actually complains about the seemingly "ruthless（无情的）"moon and asks her: You should have no spite（怨恨）against man, but why, when people part, are you often full and bright However, he soon realizes that no one has an easy ride, just like the moon may not always be bright. The imperfections have been going one since the beginning of time. That’s why he says "There has been nothing perfect since the olden days." But should we get bogged down（陷入）by the suffering of things with which we can't change The poet gives his answer: Change your attitude and stay positive. So we have his everlasting line, "________." The poet hopes that people appreciate the fact that no matter where they are, as long as the ones they love and miss are healthy and happy, they can all admire the same moon high in the sky. To this day, people still use this verse to express their good will and wishes for family members and friends who can't be with them, especially during major festivals. 24. What does the passage mainly talk about A. How we can appreciate Chinese poetry about the Mid-Autumn Day. B. When we must recite the best Chinese poetry about the Mid-Autumn Day. C. What made a poet write the best ever Mid-Autumn Day Chinese poem. D. Why a poem is the peak of Chinese poetry about the Mid-Autumn Day. 25. Why does the poet write "nothing is perfect since the olden day" in the poem A. He doesn't understand why the moon hates humans. B. He knows eventually the moon will become full again. C. He realizes life is always accompanied by imperfections. D. He understands life is too ruthless and has lost his interest in it. 26. Which of the following lines is the most suitable for the blank in Paragraph 4 A. How long will the full moon appear Wine cup in hand I ask the sky. B. Looking up,I find the moon bright; bowing, in homesickness I'm drowned. C. In spring the river rises as high as the sea; with the river's tide uprises the moon bright. D. May we all be blessed with a long life; miles apart, we’ll share the beauty, of the moon together. 27. We can infer from this article that the author A. is a very optimistic poet. B. likes the first two lines of the five most. C. appreciates the poet's optimism in the poem. D. believes a positive state of mind is a must to a good poet. C In 2009,Dr. Kathleen Wermke, who studies babies' first sounds,and her colleagues made headlines with a study showing that French and German newborns produce distinctly different"cry sounds". German newborns produce more cries that fall from a higher to a lower pitch，imitating（模仿）the falling intonation（语调）of the German language,while French babies tend to cry with the rising intonation of French.At this age, babies experiment with a wide variety of sounds,and can learn any language.But they are already influenced by their mother tongue.Today, Dr.Wermke's lab houses a collection of around a half-million recordings of babies from as far as Cameroon and China. The analysis of these recordings has produced further insights into the factors that e a baby's first sounds. Newborns whose mothers speak tonal languages,such as Chinese, tend to produce more complex cry sounds. Swedish newborns, whose native language has what linguists(语言学家)call a"pitch accent"，produce more sing-songy cries. Hearing and imitating are fundamental to language development. By the third trimester(妊娠期），a fetus(胎儿)can hear the rhythm and melody of its mother's voice- known as"prosody（韵律）".Since individual words are not heard clearly， prosody becomes the major characteristic of language for the fetus. Through stress, pauses and so on, prosody cuts up the sound into words and phrases-that is,into speech These studies form the basis for the lab's broader effort to map the typical development of a baby's cries. Knowing what typical development looks like, and what factors can influence it, helps doctors address potential problems early on and understand how hearing problems are affecting the babies' ability to imitate and experiment with language, and how they are progressing after treatment. 28. What is the study of Dr.Kathleen and her colleagues mainly about A. Difference between languages. B. The way people cry in different countries. C. Factors about babies' first sounds. D. Similarities between babies' first cry. 29. Which of the following languages sounds more like a song A. Chinese. B. German. C. French. D. Swedish. 30. Why do babies in different countries produce different"cry sounds" A Their language learning ability is too low. B. They imitate their mother tongue even when crying. C. They are fond of playing with different ways of crying. D. They like trying different kinds of sounds. 31. What can we know from this passage A. A child's language ability is mainly determined by its first cry. B. The Chinese language is more difficult to learn than the German language. C. A fetus can already understand the major meaning of its mother'slanguage. D. Children with hearing problems will have difficulty learning a language.课程主题： 必修三 unit 4 （下）知识点梳理
学习目标 掌握本单元后半部分的重要的知识点 阅读训练，学会阅读的解题方法，提供做题正确率】
教学内容
【进门测试】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The forest area in the world 56________ (decrease) from 4.12 billion hectares in 1990 to 3.99 billion hectares in 2015, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Meanwhile, China's forest coverage rate increased 57 ________10 percent since 1999 when China started returning farmland to forest. The forest coverage rate of Wuqi County in northwest China's Shaanxi province increased from 19.2 percent in 1997 to 72.9 percent this year. This area had 58________ (previous) been identified by the FAO as not possessing the basic 59 ________ (condition) for sustaining human life. In the project's new round 60________ (launch) in 2014, China's vast central and western regions have not only grown greener but found new ways to develop 61________ (they) economies. Trees have become 62________ (value) resources and are named “green gold". In Chishui City of southwest China's Guizhou Province 63________ used to be a national-level poverty-stricken county, farmland was returned into bamboo forests. The forests are used to develop papermaking, furniture and food industries. Herbs are grown and chickens are raised under the bamboo trees 64________ (produce) more income. Farmers there have found a sustainable source of income and 65________ county became the first in Guizhou to get rid of poverty. 语法填空： 56 decreased 57 by 58 previously 59 conditions 60 launched 61 their 62 valuable 63 that/which 64 to produce 65 the 【多元导学】 【互动精讲】 1. surround vt. 围绕; 环绕; 与……紧密相关 *He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。 *When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers and militiamen. 当这辆汽车停在城镇广场时立刻被士兵和民兵包围了。 *Schumacher adapted effortlessly to his new surroundings. 舒马赫非常轻松地适应了新环境。 【词块积累】 surround sb. /sth. with /by. . . 使某人/某物被……包围 surrounding n. 周围的事物; 环境(通常用复数形式) adj. 周围的 (1)语法填空。 ①The trees surrounding(surround)the town were planted by the soldiers ten years ago. ②Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings (surround). ③Surrounded (surround)by a dozen of children, the women happily celebrated her 80th birthday. (2)语段填空。 As a famous pop star, he loves ①being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him before the ②surrounding towns. And he also likes beautiful ③surroundings with green trees and flowers, because he can get much more pleasure from nature (surround). 2. indicate v. 指出; 提及; 表明; 暗示; 示意 *The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. 结果表明, 霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。 *The number of wells is a fair indicator of the demand for water. 水井的数量能较准确地反映水需求量的大小。 *All the indications are that we are going to receive reasonable support from abroad. 所有迹象都表明, 我们将从国外获得有力支持。 【词块积累】 indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意/ 指出某事 indicate that. . . 指示/表明…… indication n. 暗示; 表示; 预兆 indicator 指示器 【巧学助记】 构词记忆 in(向内)+ dic-(说, 讲)+ ate(动词词尾)→indicate v. 暗示 语法填空。 ①There is a great deal of evidence indicating(indicate)that music activities engage different parts of the brain. ②The headmaster took out a map and indicated the quickest route to us. ③He indicated that an indicator should give me some indication of how I did in the test. (indicate) (2)According to an old proverb, a red sky at night often indicates fine weather(预示着好天气)the next day. 3. favo(u)r n. 帮助、恩惠; 赞成; 善意的行为; 偏爱; 支持; 有利于 *As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind. ” 正如路易·巴斯德所说: “幸运总是垂青有准备的人。” *As an examiner, she showed no favour to any candidate. 作为主考人她没有偏袒任何应试者。 *Can I ask you a favour 我可以请你帮个忙吗 *I am all in favour of (= completely support) equal pay for equal work. 我完全支持同工同酬。 【词块积累】 (1)ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙/照顾 do a favour for sb. =do sb. a favour 给某人恩惠, 帮某人忙 in favour of 支持, 赞同 (2)favourite adj. 最喜爱的 语法填空。 ①Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it. ②I owed him a favour, so I couldn’t say no. (2)I talked to Susie about it, and she’s in favour of going(赞成去). (3)Could you do me a favour/do a favour for me(帮我一个忙)and turn off that light 4. charge v. 充电; 收费; 控告; 谴责; 使……承担责任; 使充满 n. 收费; 控告; 谴责; 掌管 *When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. 当雷雨来临时, 闪电就会给钥匙充电。 *Any driver found drinking will be charged. 所有被发现饮酒的司机将会被罚款。 *He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。 *We have to make a small charge for refreshments. 我们得收取少量茶点费。 *He took charge of the farm after his father’s death. 他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。 【词块积累】 (1)in charge (of) 主管; 负责; 照顾 in the charge of=in one’s charge 由某人负责, 由某人管理 take charge of 掌管; 负责, 看管 free of charge=for free 免费 (2)charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人 charge sb. (money) for sth. 向某人索取……的费用 表示“控告某人某事”还可以用accuse sb. of sth. 结构。注意介词搭配的不同。 语法填空。 ①We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge(charge). ②Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten-mile limit. 同义句转换。 The shop was in his charge while the manager was away. ①The shop was in the charge of him while the manager was away. ②He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away. ③He took charge of the shop while the manager was away. 5. far from远非 *One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth. 有人可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然, 然而实际上, 这远非事实。 *In fact, far from being a book about death, it is a book about life. 事实上, 这不是一本关于死亡的书, 而是一本关于生命的书。 * If you get to know him, you will find he is far from a fool. 如果你和他熟悉了, 就会发现他一点也不傻。 *So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is far from ideal. We have to work still harder. 到目前为止, 我们已经做了很多工作来建立一个低碳经济, 但它离理想还很远。 我们还要更努力地工作。 【词块积累】 far from+n. /adj. 离……很远; 远离; 远非…… far from doing sth. 决不会做某事 far from it 完全相反; 远非如此 语法填空。 (1)Your exam results are far from satisfactory. It’s time for you to double your effort. (2)Far from helping(help) the situation, you have just made it worse. 6. go through穿过; 经历; 通过; 浏览; 仔细检查; 完成 *He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to earth. 他发现在雷雨天气放风筝, 电可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。 *You will eventually have to go through that drawer. 你最后需要检查一下抽屉。 *He expected the transfer to go through by today’s noon deadline. 他希望转账在今天中午的最后期限之前完成。 *It is not until he goes through real hardship that he realizes the love we have for our families is important. 直到他经历真正的困难他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。 【词块积累】 get through 通过(考试等); 接通电话: 完成; 用完 look through 浏览; 查看 break through 冲破; 突破 see through 看穿, 识破 (1)写出下列句中go through的含义 ①I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed. 详细检查 ②As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. 读完 ③It’s love and responsibility that have driven him to go through many hardships and survive. 经历 ④As soon as the law goes through, more food in the super-market will have to be marked with its origin. 通过 7. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, believing it was actually electricity. 故事是这样的: 多年来, 富兰克林发现闪电很有趣, 他认为它实际上是电。 【句式解构】find +宾语+形容词, 意为: 发现某物…… *We find the new film that we saw last night very interesting. 我们觉得昨晚我们看的新电影很有趣。 *I find my cat asleep in my bed. 我发现我的猫睡在我的床上。 *After a long search , we found the boy safe and sound. 经过长久的搜寻, 我们发现那个男孩安然无恙。 find+宾语+宾语补足语 “find+oneself+宾语补足语”通常表示“(在事先毫无知觉的情况下)突然发现自己处于某种状态”。find的常见复合宾语结构: (1)find+宾语十现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语发现某人/某物…… (2)find +it+ 形容词/名词+to do sth. 发现/认为做某事…… (1)语法填空。 ①When he came to life, he found himself sitting(sit) on a chair, with his hands tied(tie) back. ②But when the police arrived, they found the door locked (lock) and all windows closed(close). ③The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell(tell) one from the other. Extended reading & Project 1. show off 显示, 展示; 炫耀, 卖弄; 使夺目, 衬托 *This year’s “Space” theme was truly excellent and showed off all of the students’ creative talent. 今年的“空间”主题非常精彩, 充分展示了同学们的创作才华。 *I had to stand in for her on Tuesday when she didn’t show up. 她周二没来, 我只好顶替她。 *Would you show me around 你可以带我参观一下吗 【词块积累】 show sb. around 带某人参观 show up 暴露, 显露; 来到, 露面 show sb. in/out 带某人进来/出去 【知识延伸】链接“v. +up”型短语 build up 增强 bring up 抚养, 养育 keep up 保持; 跟上 take up 占据; 开始从事 turn up 出现; 开大 cut up 切碎 come up 走近; 被提到 look up 查阅; 向上看 cheer up (使)高兴起来 pick up 拾起; 接载; 学会 (1)语法填空。 ①It’s bad manners to show off your wealth before others. ② Show the visitor in as soon as he arrives. Don’t make him wait around in the corridor. ③When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair. ④Before you start to work, I’ll show you around/round the factory. (2)The fingerprints on the glass show up(显现出来)due to the sunlight. (3)Many small children like to show off (炫耀) in front of the guests. (4)The guide showed the tourists around(带游客参观了) Tian’anmen Square and the Palace Museum yesterday. 2. involve vt. 牵涉, 影响; 包含; (使)参加 *I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science ” 我不得不问自己: “科学里是不是有罪恶 ” *Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands. 亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的, 但经常会用到手。 *I’d like to involve you more in dealing with clients. 我想让你进一步参与同客户的交易。 *Does your work involve a lot of paper filing and typing 你的工作是不是涉及很多文件入档案和打字的工作 【词块积累】 (1)involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事; 使某人牵扯到某事中 involve doing sth. 包括做某事; 参与做某事 (2)involved adj. 复杂的; 有牵连的, 有关的 get/be involved in 被卷入……之中; 热衷于, 专心于 involved作前置定语时, 意为“复杂的”; 作后置定语时, 意为“涉及的”。如the involved story 复杂的故事, the people involved所涉及的人。 语法填空。 ①Doctors have worked out chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. There was a serious incident involving(involve) a group of youths. =There was a serious incident with a group of youths involved(involve). 3. credit n. 赞扬, 认可; 信用 vt. 存入金额; 把……归于 *Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. 当然, 如果我们做了善事, 不仅归功于科学, 还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。 *Much of the team’s success can be credited to their manager. 这个队的成功在很大程度上要归功于他们的经理。 *Most new cars are bought on credit. 大多数新车是赊购的。 *I can’t take all the credit for the show’s success — it was a team effort. 这个节目的成功不能全归功于我——那是团队的努力。 【词块积累】 to sb. ’s credit 为某人增光; 值得赞扬 on credit 赊账 credit card 信用卡 get /take credit for 因……而出名, 获得荣誉 give sb. credit for 为……而称赞某人 写出下列句子中credit的汉语释义。 ①Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. 赞扬 ②Word that I was trustworthy and hard-working got around town. A local clothing store offered me credit although I was only in seventh grade. 赊账 ③The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits, you may rent a locker. 学分 ④It was hard to credit some of the stories we heard about her. 信任; 相信 ⑤He is a great young man who is a credit to his family and to his school. 为…增光 ⑥What’s the credit limit on your credit card 信用额度 4. ignorance n. 无知; 愚昧 *The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of great importance. 科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定, 而这种经历是十分重要的。 *They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance. 他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。 *We cannot afford to ignore their advice. 我们不能不考虑他们的劝告。 *At that time I was ignorant of events going on elsewhere. 那时我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。 【词块积累】 ignore advice/danger/facts 不听劝告/不顾危险/不顾事实 be ignorant of 不了解, 不清楚, 不知道 ignorant adj. 无知的; 愚昧的 Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ignore(ignore) the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. 2.That unsuitable remark exposed his ignorance(ignore) of the subject. 3. Some people always do everything they like, but are ignorant(ignore) of others’ feelings. 5. take it for granted 想当然地认为; 认为……是理所当然 *Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 现在, 我们科学家理所当然地认为, 活在世上并对许多事情不了解是完全合乎事理的。 *But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted. 但是大多数情况下, 他们(司机)开着车就过去了, 把人体交通标志视为理所当然。 【词块积累】 take. . . seriously 认真对待…… take. . . into consideration 把……考虑在内 take it easy 轻松点 take one’s time 慢慢来, 不紧张 语法填空。 1.We take having an endless supply of clean water for granted. 2.Don’t take what she said seriously(serious)—she was only teasing. 3.There is no hurry. You can take your time(慢慢来)doing your homework. 4.“Just take it easy. (放轻松)”, doctor said. “You’ll feel better presently. ” 6. permit vt. &vi. 允许, 准许, 许可; 使有可能 n. 许可证 *Visitors are not permitted to take photographs. 参观者请勿拍照。 *We hope to visit the cathedral, if time permits. 如果时间允许, 我们希望能参观一下主教堂。 *She took the car without permission. 她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。 *He asked permission to leave the room. 他请求准许离开房间。 【词块积累】 (1)permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 if time permits 如果时间允许 (2)permission n. [U]允许, 许可, 批准 have permission to do sth. 获得许可做某事 with one’s permission/with the permission of sb. 在某人的许可/准许下 without permission 未经许可 (1)语法填空。 ①We do not permit smoking (smoke) in the office. ②It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted(permit) to return to their homes. ③We’ll have a picnic at the beach, weather permitting (permit). ④As a punishment, she was not permitted to attend(attend) any school activities. ⑤I’ll see you after the meeting, if time permits(permit). (2)In our school, no student can go out of the classroom without permission(未经许可). 7. declare vt. 表明, 宣称; 公布, 宣布; 申报 *It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom, to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家, 我们明白巨大进步来源于思想自由, 因此, 我们有责任宣扬这种自由的价值, 有责任教育人们不必害怕疑问, 而应对此持欢迎态度并展开讨论, 有责任确保我们的后代都享有这种自由。 *The company declared that it would recall the machines under guarantee. 这个公司表明会召回那些在保修期内的机器。 *Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914. 德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。 【词块积累】 declare sth. /sb. to be/as 宣布……为…… declare that-clause 宣布/宣称…… declare war (on/against. . . ) (向……)宣战 declare the meeting open/closed 宣布大会开幕/闭幕 (1)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布; 宣告; 声明”, 侧重“当众”发表, 多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。 (2)announce指正式地“公开; 发表; 宣布”, 侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情, 尤指新闻之类的消息。 (1)选词填空(declare/announce)。 ①The school office announced that the sports meeting would be put off. ②An Italian physician has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being. (2)The teacher declared him (to be/as) our monitor. 老师宣布他为我们的班长。 (3)The country had no other choice but to declare war on their enemy. 这个国家没有其他选择, 不得不向他们的敌人宣战。 (4)On August 5, our headmaster declared the sports meet open. 8月5日, 我们的校长宣布运动会开幕。 长难句分析 (1)When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. (宾语补足语) 译文: 当我们足够深入地看待任何问题时, 我们就会感到一次又一次的兴奋和神秘。 (2)With more knowledge comes(谓语) a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still(现在分词作结果状语)(倒装句). 译文: 知识越多, 谜团就越深, 越奇妙, 越能激励人去看得更深。 (3)Never concerned that the answer may let us down(状语), with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness(主句) leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries(现在分词作结果状语). 译文: 我们从不担心这个(问题的)答案会让我们失望, 带着愉悦和信心, 我们翻开每一块新的石头, 发现无法想象的陌生感, 带来更多奇妙的问题和谜团。 Book 3 Unit 4 短语荟萃 refer/r 'f (r)/ to 查阅,参考;提到，谈及(44) speed up (使)加速(45) pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的(45) through trial and error反复试验(45) by accident 偶然,意外地(48) with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响(51) let sb down 使某人失望(54) as to 关于，至于(54) take it for granted /'ɡrɑ nt d/ 想当然地认为，认为…是理所当然(54) put forward 提出,提议,建议(55) （2）课本中其它短语（102） a desire for truth (p.43) 对真理的渴望 the school Science Festival 学校科学节 make a fact file 制作纪实文案 make a difference 有影响，有作用 A Brief History of Time 时间简史 a life-saving medicine (p.44) 救命药 fight against 与……作斗争，反对…… in human history 在人类历史上 thanks to 幸亏，由于 a greatly increased chance of survival 生存的机会大大增加 after graduation 毕业之后 the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine 中国中医药研究院 acquire a broad knowledge 博学，获得广博的知识 in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代 die of 死于 a cure for ……的疗法 produce any promising results 产生有希望的结果 at a low temperature (p.45) 在低温下 work day and night 日夜工作 the trials on patients 对病人的试验 have sufficient safety data 有足够的安全数据 volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事 a key part of ……关键的部分 draw on凭借;利用;动用;（时光）渐渐过去 (be)beneficial to 对……有好处 win a Nobel Prize (p.46)获得诺贝尔奖 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 great potential for future advances (p.47) 未来发展潜力巨大 make good use of 好好利用 conduct research 进行研究 the survival rate 存活率 explain a term 解释一个术语 a world-changing discovery (p.48) 一个改变世界的发现 come from unlikely sources来自不太可能的来源 be considered to be 被认为是 perform some tests 进行一些测试 treat wounds 治疗伤口 catch the attention of 引起…的注意 mass production大量生产；成批生产 far from the truth 绝非真实 get sth started 开始某事 win an award (p.49) 获奖 work out 想出，得到；解出；发生，进展，圆满结束；锻炼 a silk ribbon 丝带 on a stormy day 在一个暴风雨天 a deadly electric shock 致命的电击 theory of continental drift 大陆漂移理论 the eastern coastline of South America 南美洲东部海岸线 fit together 组合在一起 put forward 提出，推荐 the driving force 动力，驱动力，推动力 come up (p.50) 上来；走近；被提及，被讨论；即将发生，即将到来，突然发生；上市；升起；开庭审理 take an interest in 对…感兴趣 develop skills 培养技能 take part in the workshop 参加讨论会 hand in 上交 a well-known scientist 著名的科学家 take notes 记笔记 as brief as possible 尽可能简洁 go off (p.51)进行，进展；离开；对…不再喜欢，失去对…的兴趣；爆炸，开火；停止运转，（灯）灭了；变质，坏掉 amazing fun 非常有趣 In Thursday's Science Workshop 在周四的科学研讨会上 with great interest 怀着极大的兴趣 get a taste of 尝一尝，体味…… live in outer space 生活在外层空间 The Science Fair 科学博览会 look like a space station 看起来像空间站 a huge success 巨大的成功 due to 由于，因为 hold a Science Festival (p.52)举办科学节 give a lecture on 做……的讲座 move smoothly 平稳地移动，进展顺利 work on the atomic bomb (p.53)研究原子弹 put one’s future at risk 置前途于危险之中 (be)involved in 卷入，涉及，参与 put another way 换句话说 devote oneself to 致力于 to the credit of science 科学的功劳，归功于科学 lead sb to good work 带领某人做好工作 an enabling power 促进力量 do either good or bad 做好事或坏事 intellectual enjoyment (p.54) 智力享受 again and again 一次又一次 turn over （使）翻转，翻身；细想；移交，交托 unimagined strangeness不可思议的怪事 lead on to 引向，引起，导致 turn to 转向；翻到；求助于 in some doubt 有点怀疑 out of a deep and strong struggle against authority 在与权威的激烈斗争中 in the early days of science 在科学的早期 leave room for doubt 给怀疑留出空间 permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 the fruit of freedom of thought 思想自由的果实 in different fields (p.55) 在不同领域 personal information 个人信息 scientific research 科学研究 published works 已出版作品 the theory of evolution by natural selection 自然选择进化论 On the Origin of Species 论物种起源 make up one’s mind下决心 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (p.56) 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 be awarded to sb 授奖给某人 【课堂检测】 1．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the deadly (deadly). 2．They (survival) for four hours in the freezing water before they were finally rescued. 3．He returned with the (intend) of spending New Year with his family. 4．Please don't include covers. A list of (refer) must be included. 5．In my opinion, we should (limited) our expense to what we can afford. 6．He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would container (container). 7．Over the past ten years, our country has made admirable achievements in space exploration(explore). 8．How can we improve medical care to (beneficial) people？In other words, how can we create a health care system that helps people 9．There's a (sufficient) of drama in these lives to sustain your interest. 10．The game has already been (postpone) three times. My mother’s dream was to become a teacher, but it was interrupted（中断）by an unexpected child: her own. 31 my mother left the fields of 32 formally, she did not leave it entirely. On the first day of kindergarten（幼儿园）, I 33 my lunch box, inside of which I found a note from my mother written on a 34 , saying that she loved me, that she was 35 of me and that I was the 36 kindergartener in the world! Because of that napkin note I made it through my first day of kindergarten and many more school days to 37 . There have been many napkin notes since the first one. There were napkin notes in elementary school when I was 38 with math, telling me to “Hang in there. You can do it!” There were napkin notes in high school, 39 my basketball team was the first team in our school’s 40 to play in a state championship（锦标赛）, telling me, “There is no ‘I’ in a team. You have got this 41 because you know how to 42 .” And there were even napkin notes which were 43 to me in college, far away from my mother’s 44 touch. Despite（尽管）the changes of colleges, majors, boyfriends, and the ways I looked at the world, my mother’s encouragement, support and teachings 45 in years of love and napkin notes. At Christmas this year, my forty-year-old mother was 46 going back to school to earn her degree in teaching. I also gave her favorite foods. 47 she opened up her “You can do it!” napkin note 48 me, tears began running down her face. When her eyes met mine, I knew that she 49 my unspoken message: My mother is, and has always been, a(n) 50 . 31. A. After B. If C. Though D. Since 32. A. art B. science C. education D. farm 33. A. carried B. opened C. moved D. closed 34. A. towel B. paper C. napkin D. cloth 35. A. fond B. afraid C. worried D. proud 36. A. best B. worst C. luckiest D. richest 37. A. arrive B. begin C. spend D. follow 38. A. Satisfied B. struggling C. armed D. working 39. A. when B. after C. before D. until 40. A. culture B. history C. system D. playground 41. A. far B. high C. much D. fast 42. A. perform B. act C. share D. compete 43. A. explained B. handed C. said D. sent 44. A. mental B. social C. physical D. natural 45. A. ended B. repeated C. forgot D. appeared 46. A. actually B. suddenly C. hardly D. finally 47. A. As B. Before C. Although D. Because 48. A. of B. to C. with D. from 49. A. understood B. accepted C. got D. received 50. A. parent B. teacher C. worker D. Studen 31.【参考答案】C 【思路解析】 1.根据left the fields of formally, she did not leave it entirely.可知主从句之间为让步关系。 32.【参考答案】C 【思路解析】题意可知 尽管母亲形式上离开了教育领域，但她并没有完全离开它。 33.【参考答案】B 【思路解析】只有打开午餐盒才能发现里面的纸条。 34.【参考答案】C 【思路解析】由下文可知根据下文Because of that napkin note和第三段中的There have been many napkin notes等提示可知 35.【参考答案】D 【思路解析】前面说she loved me，所以此空的形容词在意义上应该是褒义的。妈妈说她很爱我，对我感到很自豪。 36.【参考答案】A 【思路解析】母亲认为“我是世界上幼儿园里最好的孩子”。 37【参考答案】D 【思路解析】days to follow相当于following days即“接下来的学校时光”。 38.【参考答案】B 【思路解析】根据下文母亲的鼓励Hang in there. You can do it!坚持下去，你会做得很好！可以看出当时作者学习数学有困难。struggle with sth.表示"努力做某事" 【参考答案】A 【思路解析】根据第八空前when可知此处应用when，表示作者回忆在小学、高中时母亲给她写的便条。 【参考答案】B 【思路解析】我所在的校篮球队有机会参加州篮球锦标赛，创造了我校的历史，妈妈告诉我打比赛更要有团队合作精神。 41.【参考答案】A 【思路解析】You have got this far意为"你已经走到这一步"。 42.【参考答案】C 【思路解析】根据上文母亲的鼓励There is no "I" in a team, 可知，此处应为:share分享。 43.【参考答案】D 【思路解析】此处指我上大学后，妈妈将便条寄给了我。 44.【参考答案】C 【思路解析】我离开家上了大学，距离太远，妈妈无法将便条当面给我，只好寄给我。 此处的physical touch“身体接触”。 45.【参考答案】B 【思路解析】根据第三段中的There have been many napkin notes since等可知母亲的鼓励、支持和教诲，反反复复，在爱的岁月里和餐巾短笺中，伴随作者成长 。 46.【参考答案】D 【思路解析】40岁的妈妈最后决定要回到学校拿学位。 47.【参考答案】A 【思路解析】as表示随着一件事情的发生，另一件事情也跟着发生，符合当母亲看到作者的小纸条感动得哭起来这样一个情景。 48.【参考答案】D 【思路解析】 根据 tears began running down her face. When her eyes met mine 可知便条当然是我写给她的。from表出处。 49.【参考答案】A 【思路解析】母亲理解了作者没有讲明的话语信息。 50.【参考答案】B 【思路解析】根据母亲对作者的鼓励和最后一段中的going back to school to earn her degree in teaching可知。 【要点回顾】 课堂错题收集 学霸笔记本：教师引导学生借助知识脑图总结重难点，培养学生复习习惯 【温故知新】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Gratitude is not only an art performed in daily life, but also part of our traditional virtue. Has your mother or friend told you that you're an ungrateful person Do you feel unable to appreciate the world or people around you Are you obsessed with things you don't have instead of being thankful for what you do have 36 then you will definitely need to work on being a more grateful person. Showing gratitude has been put forward in the last few decades. 37 But there are still some tips that help make it possible for you to practice gratitude. Refusing to play the victim is the first step you're supposed to take. 38 If you want to be grateful, stop complaining to the world, your teachers, your friends and your family about not putting themselves in your shoes, and focus on how much they've helped and cared about you. Volunteering in your community is another effective way to show how grateful you are for what the world has given you. Whether you're helping clean up a local park，working in a soup kitchen，or teaching children or adults in your community to learn to read, your perspective towards life will change positively. ____39____ 40 You shouldn't always be good only to your close friends or family members. You can help a neighbor look for a lost dog. You can also help an old lady carry her groceries. You don’t have to search for these opportunities purposely. Sometimes they will present themselves. So when they come, act with generosity. You'll be more grateful for your role played in the world. A.However hard you try to avoid these questions, B. If you find yourself involved in one of these circumstances, C. Gradually, you'll be more grateful for the chances to repay the society. D. Doing a random act of kindness is also a great way of practicing gratitude. E. While such encouragement is morally meaningful, it seems to be a little abstract. F. Ungrateful persons are always blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to others. G. When you reflect on your thoughts, feelings, emotions and actions, you are actually reflecting on your values. 36-40BEFCD 完形填空 It was the first day I was able to get out of bed since getting my heart shattered (难过的). I decided to have a 41 , trying to start feeling human again. When my hairdresser asked how I had been, I wanted to say “fine” because that’s what you’re 42 to do when you make small talk. 43 I even realized what was happening, tears started rolling down my cheeks. 44 missing a beat, this woman who 45 knew me gathered me in her arms and 46 me as I cried. She said, “I can feel all your pain and it’s 47 .” I had been feeling so 48 sad and hopeless for days. When people we open our hearts and souls to 49 us, we lose faith. I was 50 that I couldn’t hold myself together for a simple haircut. I felt like my tears were admitting my 51 . I had lost a friend, and lost a home. But this stranger took care of me in a way that I 52 . I opened up to someone I hardly knew, and just let all my hurt pour out into her arms, and she did the same. We 53 together. In just that moment, my 54 closed just a bit more, and it reminded that there were truly 55 people in this world. I began to understand that I was not alone. 41. A. meal B. haircut C. bath D. trip 42. A. supposed B. asked C. allowed D. taught 43. A. Since B. Though C. Unless D. Before 44. A. Upon B. Without C. Beyond D. After 45. A. totally B. slightly C. hardly D. actually 46. A. followed B. controlled C. held D. left 47. A. heartbreaking B. satisfying C. surprising D. interesting 48. A. strangely B. reasonably C. suddenly D. terribly 49. A. hurt B. change C. frighten D. fool 50. A. disappointed B. embarrassed C. discouraged D. confused 51. A. regret B. illness C. pressure D. failure 52. A. required B. agreed C. needed D. hated 53. A. struggled B. cried C. fought D. decided 54. A. pity B. mouth C. hope D. wound 55. A. smart B. rich C. good D. professional 41-45BADBC 46-50CADAB 51-55DCBDC 【康奈尔笔记法——5R笔记法】 5R笔记法，又叫做康奈尔笔记法，是用产生这种笔记法的大学校名命名的。这一方法几乎适用于一切讲授或阅读课，特别是对于听课笔记，5R笔记法应是最佳首选。这种方法是记与学，思考与运用相结合的有效方法。 1.记录（Record） 在听讲或阅读过程中，在记录栏（有称为主栏，及最大的一个区域）内尽量多记有意义的论据、概念等讲课内容。 2.简化（Reduce） 下课以后，尽可能及早将这些论据、概念简明扼要地概括（简化）在回忆栏，即副栏。 3.背诵（Recite） 把主栏遮住，只用回忆栏中的摘记提示，尽量完满地叙述课堂上讲过的内容。 4.思考（Reflect） 将自己的听课随感、意见、经验体会之类的内容，与讲课内容区分开，写在卡片或笔记本的某一单独部分，加上标题和索引，编制成提纲、摘要，分成类目。并随时归档。 5.复习（Review） 每周花十分钟左右时间，快速复习笔记，主要是先看回忆栏，适当看主栏，并在复习栏绘制这部分内容的知识思维导图。 康奈尔Cornell笔记法使用说明 (
记忆栏：
2
.
简化
（
R
educe）
3.背诵
（
R
ecite）
在这里
学习内容的简化
：
解法提炼、学习提示
) (
记忆栏：
1.记录（R
ecord
）在这里
记录课堂笔记：
用
简洁的文字、
符号、记号
记录课堂要点
) (
复习栏
：
4.思考
（
R
eflect）
5.复习
（
R
eview）
在
这里
用思维导图
形式总结本节课的重难点
) 康奈尔Cornell笔记法使用说明 (
记忆栏：
) (
记忆栏：
) (
复习栏
：
)课程主题： 必修三 unit 4 （下）知识点梳理
学习目标 掌握本单元后半部分的重要的知识点 阅读训练，学会阅读的解题方法，提供做题正确率】
教学内容
【进门测试】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The forest area in the world 56________ (decrease) from 4.12 billion hectares in 1990 to 3.99 billion hectares in 2015, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Meanwhile, China's forest coverage rate increased 57 ________10 percent since 1999 when China started returning farmland to forest. The forest coverage rate of Wuqi County in northwest China's Shaanxi province increased from 19.2 percent in 1997 to 72.9 percent this year. This area had 58________ (previous) been identified by the FAO as not possessing the basic 59 ________ (condition) for sustaining human life. In the project's new round 60________ (launch) in 2014, China's vast central and western regions have not only grown greener but found new ways to develop 61________ (they) economies. Trees have become 62________ (value) resources and are named “green gold". In Chishui City of southwest China's Guizhou Province 63________ used to be a national-level poverty-stricken county, farmland was returned into bamboo forests. The forests are used to develop papermaking, furniture and food industries. Herbs are grown and chickens are raised under the bamboo trees 64________ (produce) more income. Farmers there have found a sustainable source of income and 65________ county became the first in Guizhou to get rid of poverty. 【多元导学】 【互动精讲】 1. surround vt. 围绕; 环绕; 与……紧密相关 *He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。 *When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers and militiamen. 当这辆汽车停在城镇广场时立刻被士兵和民兵包围了。 *Schumacher adapted effortlessly to his new surroundings. 舒马赫非常轻松地适应了新环境。 【词块积累】 surround sb. /sth. with /by. . . 使某人/某物被……包围 surrounding n. 周围的事物; 环境(通常用复数形式) adj. 周围的 (1)语法填空。 ①The trees ___________(surround)the town were planted by the soldiers ten years ago. ②Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful ___________ (surround). ③___________ (surround)by a dozen of children, the women happily celebrated her 80th birthday. (2)语段填空。 As a famous pop star, he loves ①___________ by so many fans coming to visit him before the ②___________ towns. And he also likes beautiful ③___________ with green trees and flowers, because he can get much more pleasure from nature (surround). 2. indicate v. 指出; 提及; 表明; 暗示; 示意 *The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. 结果表明, 霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。 *The number of wells is a fair indicator of the demand for water. 水井的数量能较准确地反映水需求量的大小。 *All the indications are that we are going to receive reasonable support from abroad. 所有迹象都表明, 我们将从国外获得有力支持。 【词块积累】 indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意/ 指出某事 indicate that. . . 指示/表明…… indication n. 暗示; 表示; 预兆 indicator 指示器 【巧学助记】 构词记忆 in(向内)+ dic-(说, 讲)+ ate(动词词尾)→indicate v. 暗示 语法填空。 ①There is a great deal of evidence ___________(indicate)that music activities engage different parts of the brain. ②The headmaster took out a map and indicated the quickest route ___________ us. ③He___________ that an ___________should give me some ___________ of how I did in the test. (indicate) (2)According to an old proverb, a red sky at night often ___________(预示着好天气)the next day. 3. favo(u)r n. 帮助、恩惠; 赞成; 善意的行为; 偏爱; 支持; 有利于 *As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind. ” 正如路易·巴斯德所说: “幸运总是垂青有准备的人。” *As an examiner, she showed no favour to any candidate. 作为主考人她没有偏袒任何应试者。 *Can I ask you a favour 我可以请你帮个忙吗 *I am all in favour of (= completely support) equal pay for equal work. 我完全支持同工同酬。 【词块积累】 (1)ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙/照顾 do a favour for sb. =do sb. a favour 给某人恩惠, 帮某人忙 in favour of 支持, 赞同 (2)favourite adj. 最喜爱的 语法填空。 ①Most of them were___________ favour of my opinion while David was against it. ②I owed him___________ favour, so I couldn’t say no. (2)I talked to Susie about it, and she’s ___________(赞成去). (3)Could you ___________(帮我一个忙)and turn off that light 4. charge v. 充电; 收费; 控告; 谴责; 使……承担责任; 使充满 n. 收费; 控告; 谴责; 掌管 *When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. 当雷雨来临时, 闪电就会给钥匙充电。 *Any driver found drinking will be charged. 所有被发现饮酒的司机将会被罚款。 *He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。 *We have to make a small charge for refreshments. 我们得收取少量茶点费。 *He took charge of the farm after his father’s death. 他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。 【词块积累】 (1)in charge (of) 主管; 负责; 照顾 in the charge of=in one’s charge 由某人负责, 由某人管理 take charge of 掌管; 负责, 看管 free of charge=for free 免费 (2)charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人 charge sb. (money) for sth. 向某人索取……的费用 表示“控告某人某事”还可以用accuse sb. of sth. 结构。注意介词搭配的不同。 语法填空。 ①We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used ___________(charge). ②Your order will be delivered free___________ charge within a ten-mile limit. 同义句转换。 The shop was in his charge while the manager was away. ①The shop was ___________ him while the manager was away. ②He was ___________ the shop while the manager was away. ③He ___________ the shop while the manager was away. 5. far from远非 *One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth. 有人可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然, 然而实际上, 这远非事实。 *In fact, far from being a book about death, it is a book about life. 事实上, 这不是一本关于死亡的书, 而是一本关于生命的书。 * If you get to know him, you will find he is far from a fool. 如果你和他熟悉了, 就会发现他一点也不傻。 *So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is far from ideal. We have to work still harder. 到目前为止, 我们已经做了很多工作来建立一个低碳经济, 但它离理想还很远。 我们还要更努力地工作。 【词块积累】 far from+n. /adj. 离……很远; 远离; 远非…… far from doing sth. 决不会做某事 far from it 完全相反; 远非如此 语法填空。 (1)Your exam results are far ___________ satisfactory. It’s time for you to double your effort. (2)Far from___________(help) the situation, you have just made it worse. 6. go through穿过; 经历; 通过; 浏览; 仔细检查; 完成 *He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to earth. 他发现在雷雨天气放风筝, 电可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。 *You will eventually have to go through that drawer. 你最后需要检查一下抽屉。 *He expected the transfer to go through by today’s noon deadline. 他希望转账在今天中午的最后期限之前完成。 *It is not until he goes through real hardship that he realizes the love we have for our families is important. 直到他经历真正的困难他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。 【词块积累】 get through 通过(考试等); 接通电话: 完成; 用完 look through 浏览; 查看 break through 冲破; 突破 see through 看穿, 识破 (1)写出下列句中go through的含义 ①I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed. ___________ ②As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. ___________ ③It’s love and responsibility that have driven him to go through many hardships and survive. ___________ ④As soon as the law goes through, more food in the super-market will have to be marked with its origin. ___________ 7. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, believing it was actually electricity. 故事是这样的: 多年来, 富兰克林发现闪电很有趣, 他认为它实际上是电。 【句式解构】find +宾语+形容词, 意为: 发现某物…… *We find the new film that we saw last night very interesting. 我们觉得昨晚我们看的新电影很有趣。 *I find my cat asleep in my bed. 我发现我的猫睡在我的床上。 *After a long search , we found the boy safe and sound. 经过长久的搜寻, 我们发现那个男孩安然无恙。 find+宾语+宾语补足语 “find+oneself+宾语补足语”通常表示“(在事先毫无知觉的情况下)突然发现自己处于某种状态”。find的常见复合宾语结构: (1)find+宾语十现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语发现某人/某物…… (2)find +it+ 形容词/名词+to do sth. 发现/认为做某事…… (1)语法填空。 ①When he came to life, he found himself___________(sit) on a chair, with his hands ___________(tie) back. ②But when the police arrived, they found the door locked (lock) and all windows ___________(close). ③The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult ___________(tell) one from the other. Extended reading & Project 1. show off 显示, 展示; 炫耀, 卖弄; 使夺目, 衬托 *This year’s “Space” theme was truly excellent and showed off all of the students’ creative talent. 今年的“空间”主题非常精彩, 充分展示了同学们的创作才华。 *I had to stand in for her on Tuesday when she didn’t show up. 她周二没来, 我只好顶替她。 *Would you show me around 你可以带我参观一下吗 【词块积累】 show sb. around 带某人参观 show up 暴露, 显露; 来到, 露面 show sb. in/out 带某人进来/出去 【知识延伸】链接“v. +up”型短语 build up 增强 bring up 抚养, 养育 keep up 保持; 跟上 take up 占据; 开始从事 turn up 出现; 开大 cut up 切碎 come up 走近; 被提到 look up 查阅; 向上看 cheer up (使)高兴起来 pick up 拾起; 接载; 学会 (1)语法填空。 ①It’s bad manners to show___________your wealth before others. ② Show the visitor___________ as soon as he arrives. Don’t make him wait around in the corridor. ③When her dinner partner showed___________, she also pulled up a chair. ④Before you start to work, I’ll show you ___________ the factory. (2)The fingerprints on the glass___________(显现出来)due to the sunlight. (3)Many small children like to ___________(炫耀) in front of the guests. (4)The guide ___________(带游客参观了) Tian’anmen Square and the Palace Museum yesterday. 2. involve vt. 牵涉, 影响; 包含; (使)参加 *I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science ” 我不得不问自己: “科学里是不是有罪恶 ” *Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person, but they always involve the hands. 亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的, 但经常会用到手。 *I’d like to involve you more in dealing with clients. 我想让你进一步参与同客户的交易。 *Does your work involve a lot of paper filing and typing 你的工作是不是涉及很多文件入档案和打字的工作 【词块积累】 (1)involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事; 使某人牵扯到某事中 involve doing sth. 包括做某事; 参与做某事 (2)involved adj. 复杂的; 有牵连的, 有关的 get/be involved in 被卷入……之中; 热衷于, 专心于 involved作前置定语时, 意为“复杂的”; 作后置定语时, 意为“涉及的”。如the involved story 复杂的故事, the people involved所涉及的人。 语法填空。 ①Doctors have worked out chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. There was a serious incident ___________(involve) a group of youths. =There was a serious incident with a group of youths ___________(involve). 3. credit n. 赞扬, 认可; 信用 vt. 存入金额; 把……归于 *Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. 当然, 如果我们做了善事, 不仅归功于科学, 还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。 *Much of the team’s success can be credited to their manager. 这个队的成功在很大程度上要归功于他们的经理。 *Most new cars are bought on credit. 大多数新车是赊购的。 *I can’t take all the credit for the show’s success — it was a team effort. 这个节目的成功不能全归功于我——那是团队的努力。 【词块积累】 to sb. ’s credit 为某人增光; 值得赞扬 on credit 赊账 credit card 信用卡 get /take credit for 因……而出名, 获得荣誉 give sb. credit for 为……而称赞某人 写出下列句子中credit的汉语释义。 ①Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. ___________ ②Word that I was trustworthy and hard-working got around town. A local clothing store offered me credit although I was only in seventh grade. ___________ ③The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits, you may rent a locker. ___________ ④It was hard to credit some of the stories we heard about her. ___________ ⑤He is a great young man who is a credit to his family and to his school. ___________ ⑥What’s the credit limit on your credit card ___________ 4. ignorance n. 无知; 愚昧 *The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of great importance. 科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定, 而这种经历是十分重要的。 *They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance. 他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。 *We cannot afford to ignore their advice. 我们不能不考虑他们的劝告。 *At that time I was ignorant of events going on elsewhere. 那时我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。 【词块积累】 ignore advice/danger/facts 不听劝告/不顾危险/不顾事实 be ignorant of 不了解, 不清楚, 不知道 ignorant adj. 无知的; 愚昧的 Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried ___________(ignore) the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. 2.That unsuitable remark exposed his ___________(ignore) of the subject. 3. Some people always do everything they like, but are___________(ignore) of others’ feelings. 5. take it for granted 想当然地认为; 认为……是理所当然 *Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 现在, 我们科学家理所当然地认为, 活在世上并对许多事情不了解是完全合乎事理的。 *But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted. 但是大多数情况下, 他们(司机)开着车就过去了, 把人体交通标志视为理所当然。 【词块积累】 take. . . seriously 认真对待…… take. . . into consideration 把……考虑在内 take it easy 轻松点 take one’s time 慢慢来, 不紧张 语法填空。 1.We take having an endless supply of clean water ___________ granted. 2.Don’t take what she said ___________(serious)—she was only teasing. 3.There is no hurry. You can___________(慢慢来)doing your homework. 4.“Just ___________. (放轻松)”, doctor said. “You’ll feel better presently. ” 6. permit vt. &vi. 允许, 准许, 许可; 使有可能 n. 许可证 *Visitors are not permitted to take photographs. 参观者请勿拍照。 *We hope to visit the cathedral, if time permits. 如果时间允许, 我们希望能参观一下主教堂。 *She took the car without permission. 她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。 *He asked permission to leave the room. 他请求准许离开房间。 【词块积累】 (1)permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 if time permits 如果时间允许 (2)permission n. [U]允许, 许可, 批准 have permission to do sth. 获得许可做某事 with one’s permission/with the permission of sb. 在某人的许可/准许下 without permission 未经许可 (1)语法填空。 ①We do not permit___________ (smoke) in the office. ②It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents___________(permit) to return to their homes. ③We’ll have a picnic at the beach, weather ___________ (permit). ④As a punishment, she was not permitted ___________(attend) any school activities. ⑤I’ll see you after the meeting, if time___________(permit). (2)In our school, no student can go out of the classroom ___________(未经许可). 7. declare vt. 表明, 宣称; 公布, 宣布; 申报 *It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom, to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家, 我们明白巨大进步来源于思想自由, 因此, 我们有责任宣扬这种自由的价值, 有责任教育人们不必害怕疑问, 而应对此持欢迎态度并展开讨论, 有责任确保我们的后代都享有这种自由。 *The company declared that it would recall the machines under guarantee. 这个公司表明会召回那些在保修期内的机器。 *Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914. 德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。 【词块积累】 declare sth. /sb. to be/as 宣布……为…… declare that-clause 宣布/宣称…… declare war (on/against. . . ) (向……)宣战 declare the meeting open/closed 宣布大会开幕/闭幕 (1)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布; 宣告; 声明”, 侧重“当众”发表, 多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。 (2)announce指正式地“公开; 发表; 宣布”, 侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情, 尤指新闻之类的消息。 (1)选词填空(declare/announce)。 ①The school office ___________ that the sports meeting would be put off. ②An Italian physician has ___________d that he wants to be the first to clone a human being. (2)The teacher ___________. 老师宣布他为我们的班长。 (3)The country had no other choice but ___________ their enemy. 这个国家没有其他选择, 不得不向他们的敌人宣战。 (4)On August 5, our headmaster ___________ the sports meet___________. 8月5日, 我们的校长宣布运动会开幕。 长难句分析 (1)When we look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. (宾语补足语) 译文: 当我们足够深入地看待任何问题时, 我们就会感到一次又一次的兴奋和神秘。 (2)With more knowledge comes(谓语) a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still(现在分词作结果状语)(倒装句). 译文: 知识越多, 谜团就越深, 越奇妙, 越能激励人去看得更深。 (3)Never concerned that the answer may let us down(状语), with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness(主句) leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries(现在分词作结果状语). 译文: 我们从不担心这个(问题的)答案会让我们失望, 带着愉悦和信心, 我们翻开每一块新的石头, 发现无法想象的陌生感, 带来更多奇妙的问题和谜团。 Book 3 Unit 4 短语荟萃 refer/r 'f (r)/ to 查阅,参考;提到，谈及(44) speed up (使)加速(45) pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的(45) through trial and error反复试验(45) by accident 偶然,意外地(48) with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响(51) let sb down 使某人失望(54) as to 关于，至于(54) take it for granted /'ɡrɑ nt d/ 想当然地认为，认为…是理所当然(54) put forward 提出,提议,建议(55) （2）课本中其它短语（102） a desire for truth (p.43) 对真理的渴望 the school Science Festival 学校科学节 make a fact file 制作纪实文案 make a difference 有影响，有作用 A Brief History of Time 时间简史 a life-saving medicine (p.44) 救命药 fight against 与……作斗争，反对…… in human history 在人类历史上 thanks to 幸亏，由于 a greatly increased chance of survival 生存的机会大大增加 after graduation 毕业之后 the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine 中国中医药研究院 acquire a broad knowledge 博学，获得广博的知识 in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代 die of 死于 a cure for ……的疗法 produce any promising results 产生有希望的结果 at a low temperature (p.45) 在低温下 work day and night 日夜工作 the trials on patients 对病人的试验 have sufficient safety data 有足够的安全数据 volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事 a key part of ……关键的部分 draw on凭借;利用;动用;（时光）渐渐过去 (be)beneficial to 对……有好处 win a Nobel Prize (p.46)获得诺贝尔奖 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 great potential for future advances (p.47) 未来发展潜力巨大 make good use of 好好利用 conduct research 进行研究 the survival rate 存活率 explain a term 解释一个术语 a world-changing discovery (p.48) 一个改变世界的发现 come from unlikely sources来自不太可能的来源 be considered to be 被认为是 perform some tests 进行一些测试 treat wounds 治疗伤口 catch the attention of 引起…的注意 mass production大量生产；成批生产 far from the truth 绝非真实 get sth started 开始某事 win an award (p.49) 获奖 work out 想出，得到；解出；发生，进展，圆满结束；锻炼 a silk ribbon 丝带 on a stormy day 在一个暴风雨天 a deadly electric shock 致命的电击 theory of continental drift 大陆漂移理论 the eastern coastline of South America 南美洲东部海岸线 fit together 组合在一起 put forward 提出，推荐 the driving force 动力，驱动力，推动力 come up (p.50) 上来；走近；被提及，被讨论；即将发生，即将到来，突然发生；上市；升起；开庭审理 take an interest in 对…感兴趣 develop skills 培养技能 take part in the workshop 参加讨论会 hand in 上交 a well-known scientist 著名的科学家 take notes 记笔记 as brief as possible 尽可能简洁 go off (p.51)进行，进展；离开；对…不再喜欢，失去对…的兴趣；爆炸，开火；停止运转，（灯）灭了；变质，坏掉 amazing fun 非常有趣 In Thursday's Science Workshop 在周四的科学研讨会上 with great interest 怀着极大的兴趣 get a taste of 尝一尝，体味…… live in outer space 生活在外层空间 The Science Fair 科学博览会 look like a space station 看起来像空间站 a huge success 巨大的成功 due to 由于，因为 hold a Science Festival (p.52)举办科学节 give a lecture on 做……的讲座 move smoothly 平稳地移动，进展顺利 work on the atomic bomb (p.53)研究原子弹 put one’s future at risk 置前途于危险之中 (be)involved in 卷入，涉及，参与 put another way 换句话说 devote oneself to 致力于 to the credit of science 科学的功劳，归功于科学 lead sb to good work 带领某人做好工作 an enabling power 促进力量 do either good or bad 做好事或坏事 intellectual enjoyment (p.54) 智力享受 again and again 一次又一次 turn over （使）翻转，翻身；细想；移交，交托 unimagined strangeness不可思议的怪事 lead on to 引向，引起，导致 turn to 转向；翻到；求助于 in some doubt 有点怀疑 out of a deep and strong struggle against authority 在与权威的激烈斗争中 in the early days of science 在科学的早期 leave room for doubt 给怀疑留出空间 permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 the fruit of freedom of thought 思想自由的果实 in different fields (p.55) 在不同领域 personal information 个人信息 scientific research 科学研究 published works 已出版作品 the theory of evolution by natural selection 自然选择进化论 On the Origin of Species 论物种起源 make up one’s mind下决心 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (p.56) 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 be awarded to sb 授奖给某人 【课堂检测】 1．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the deadly (deadly). 2．They (survival) for four hours in the freezing water before they were finally rescued. 3．He returned with the (intend) of spending New Year with his family. 4．Please don't include covers. A list of (refer) must be included. 5．In my opinion, we should (limited) our expense to what we can afford. 6．He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would container (container). 7．Over the past ten years, our country has made admirable achievements in space exploration(explore). 8．How can we improve medical care to (beneficial) people？In other words, how can we create a health care system that helps people 9．There's a (sufficient) of drama in these lives to sustain your interest. 10．The game has already been (postpone) three times. My mother’s dream was to become a teacher, but it was interrupted（中断）by an unexpected child: her own. 31 my mother left the fields of 32 formally, she did not leave it entirely. On the first day of kindergarten（幼儿园）, I 33 my lunch box, inside of which I found a note from my mother written on a 34 , saying that she loved me, that she was 35 of me and that I was the 36 kindergartener in the world! Because of that napkin note I made it through my first day of kindergarten and many more school days to 37 . There have been many napkin notes since the first one. There were napkin notes in elementary school when I was 38 with math, telling me to “Hang in there. You can do it!” There were napkin notes in high school, 39 my basketball team was the first team in our school’s 40 to play in a state championship（锦标赛）, telling me, “There is no ‘I’ in a team. You have got this 41 because you know how to 42 .” And there were even napkin notes which were 43 to me in college, far away from my mother’s 44 touch. Despite（尽管）the changes of colleges, majors, boyfriends, and the ways I looked at the world, my mother’s encouragement, support and teachings 45 in years of love and napkin notes. At Christmas this year, my forty-year-old mother was 46 going back to school to earn her degree in teaching. I also gave her favorite foods. 47 she opened up her “You can do it!” napkin note 48 me, tears began running down her face. When her eyes met mine, I knew that she 49 my unspoken message: My mother is, and has always been, a(n) 50 . 31. A. After B. If C. Though D. Since 32. A. art B. science C. education D. farm 33. A. carried B. opened C. moved D. closed 34. A. towel B. paper C. napkin D. cloth 35. A. fond B. afraid C. worried D. proud 36. A. best B. worst C. luckiest D. richest 37. A. arrive B. begin C. spend D. follow 38. A. Satisfied B. struggling C. armed D. working 39. A. when B. after C. before D. until 40. A. culture B. history C. system D. playground 41. A. far B. high C. much D. fast 42. A. perform B. act C. share D. compete 43. A. explained B. handed C. said D. sent 44. A. mental B. social C. physical D. natural 45. A. ended B. repeated C. forgot D. appeared 46. A. actually B. suddenly C. hardly D. finally 47. A. As B. Before C. Although D. Because 48. A. of B. to C. with D. from 49. A. understood B. accepted C. got D. received 50. A. parent B. teacher C. worker D. Studen 【要点回顾】 课堂错题收集 学霸笔记本：教师引导学生借助知识脑图总结重难点，培养学生复习习惯 【温故知新】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Gratitude is not only an art performed in daily life, but also part of our traditional virtue. Has your mother or friend told you that you're an ungrateful person Do you feel unable to appreciate the world or people around you Are you obsessed with things you don't have instead of being thankful for what you do have 36 then you will definitely need to work on being a more grateful person. Showing gratitude has been put forward in the last few decades. 37 But there are still some tips that help make it possible for you to practice gratitude. Refusing to play the victim is the first step you're supposed to take. 38 If you want to be grateful, stop complaining to the world, your teachers, your friends and your family about not putting themselves in your shoes, and focus on how much they've helped and cared about you. Volunteering in your community is another effective way to show how grateful you are for what the world has given you. Whether you're helping clean up a local park，working in a soup kitchen，or teaching children or adults in your community to learn to read, your perspective towards life will change positively. ____39____ 40 You shouldn't always be good only to your close friends or family members. You can help a neighbor look for a lost dog. You can also help an old lady carry her groceries. You don’t have to search for these opportunities purposely. Sometimes they will present themselves. So when they come, act with generosity. You'll be more grateful for your role played in the world. A.However hard you try to avoid these questions, B. If you find yourself involved in one of these circumstances, C. Gradually, you'll be more grateful for the chances to repay the society. D. Doing a random act of kindness is also a great way of practicing gratitude. E. While such encouragement is morally meaningful, it seems to be a little abstract. F. Ungrateful persons are always blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to others. G. When you reflect on your thoughts, feelings, emotions and actions, you are actually reflecting on your values. 完形填空 It was the first day I was able to get out of bed since getting my heart shattered (难过的). I decided to have a 41 , trying to start feeling human again. When my hairdresser asked how I had been, I wanted to say “fine” because that’s what you’re 42 to do when you make small talk. 43 I even realized what was happening, tears started rolling down my cheeks. 44 missing a beat, this woman who 45 knew me gathered me in her arms and 46 me as I cried. She said, “I can feel all your pain and it’s 47 .” I had been feeling so 48 sad and hopeless for days. When people we open our hearts and souls to 49 us, we lose faith. I was 50 that I couldn’t hold myself together for a simple haircut. I felt like my tears were admitting my 51 . I had lost a friend, and lost a home. But this stranger took care of me in a way that I 52 . I opened up to someone I hardly knew, and just let all my hurt pour out into her arms, and she did the same. We 53 together. In just that moment, my 54 closed just a bit more, and it reminded that there were truly 55 people in this world. I began to understand that I was not alone. 41. A. meal B. haircut C. bath D. trip 42. A. supposed B. asked C. allowed D. taught 43. A. Since B. Though C. Unless D. Before 44. A. Upon B. Without C. Beyond D. After 45. A. totally B. slightly C. hardly D. actually 46. A. followed B. controlled C. held D. left 47. A. heartbreaking B. satisfying C. surprising D. interesting 48. A. strangely B. reasonably C. suddenly D. terribly 49. A. hurt B. change C. frighten D. fool 50. A. disappointed B. embarrassed C. discouraged D. confused 51. A. regret B. illness C. pressure D. failure 52. A. required B. agreed C. needed D. hated 53. A. struggled B. cried C. fought D. decided 54. A. pity B. mouth C. hope D. wound 55. A. smart B. rich C. good D. professional
