Book 3 Unit 2 Natural disasters
Extended reading
The Last Days of Pompeii (Excerpt)
Teaching Aims
By the end of this section, students will be able to:
1. understand the adaptation of the novel about Pompeii;
2. grasp the main idea of the adaptation;
3. know the destructive power of natural disasters;
Teaching important points
1. To read and understand the text;
2. To appreciate the language style of the author.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
Show students some pictures about the ruins of ancient Pompeii, and ask them the following questions.
What do you know about Pompeii
What can you see in the picture
Can you imagine what has happened to the city or the people
Step 2 Reading
Have students read the introduction on Page 25 and get to know about the writer and the background of the excerpt.
What is the novel The Last Days of Pompeii about
Step 3 While-Reading
Have students read Paragraph 1 again and ask them the following questions.
1. What was the city of Pompeii like before the volcano erupted
2. What was the evidence of past eruptions of Mount Vesuvius
Have students read Paragraphs 2–4 again and ask them the following questions.
1. What did the busy citizens see when they looked upwards
2. Why did they feel frightened
3. What did citizens do at the beginning
4. What changes happened to the cloud a moment later
5. How did people behave then
Have students read the last paragraph again and ask them the following questions.
1. What did the city remains look like after it was unearthed
2. What do the remains of the city remind us of
Step 4 language point
erupt /t'rApt/ vi. &cvt. (火山)爆发;突然发生
eruption n. [U,C](火山的)爆发;突发(战争、疾病等)
例：Violence _________ outside the embassy gates.
大使馆门外突然发生了暴乱。
roll /raul/ vi. & vt. 翻滚,滚动;翻身; 卷起n.[C]卷；一管；[sing. ]翻滚
例：Wallpaper is sold in____________.壁纸论卷 销售。
The kittens were enjoying ____________in the sunshine.
那些小猫在阳光下嬉戏打滚。
volcano /vol'kernau/ n. [C]火山 volcanic /vol'kaentk/adj.火山的,火山 引起的，火山产生的
火山喷发 ____________
unbearable /An'bearabl/ adj.难耐的, 无法忍受的
[近义] adj.无法忍受的,不能容忍的，完全不可接受的 ____________
[反义] adj.可忍受的，能应付的 ____________
beyond /bijond/ adv.在(或向)较远 处；在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处； 超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
例：Snowdon and the mountains____________were covered in snow.
斯诺登山及其以远的山脉都被积雪覆盖着。
The road continues____________the village up into the hills.
那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。
I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought ____________ that.
我知道我未来三周要干什么,但再往后我还没有想过。
far and wide到处，各处
例：People came from____________ to visit the museum.
人们从各地赶来参观这个 博物馆。
The police searched____________for the missing child.
警方四处搜寻失踪的小孩。
preserve vt.维持的原状,保存,保养;保护,维护,保留
常见搭配：
be well preserved保存得好
例：He said that he had heard the calls____________the boxes and had seen how some of them. were listed as historic buildings.
他说,他听到了保护这些亭子的呼声,也看到了其中一些如何被列为历史建筑
These eighteenth century oil paintings are so well ____________that the visitors are greatly amazed.
这些18世纪的油画保存得这么好,以至于参观者大为惊叹。
归纳拓展：
preservation n. [U]保护,维护,保存;保留,维持,保持
例：We are working for the environmental ____________
我们正致力于环境保护工作。
break out意为"(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始,爆发",是不及物短语动词,不用于被动语态。
例：A fire____________in the restaurant last night. Fortunately, no one was hurt.
昨晚这家饭店发生了火灾。幸运的是，没有人受伤。
辨析比较：
break out意为"(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始,爆发"
例：break out The Second World War ____________in September, 1939.
第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。
happen意为“发生,出现",常带有偶然的意味,此时用物作主语,不用于被动语态;还可意为“碰巧,恰好",此时常用人作主语
例：The car accident____________ yesterday.
车祸是昨天发生的。
She____________to be out when we called.
我们打电话时,她恰好外出了。
take place意为"发生,进行",常用来指按计划发生的事,不用于被动语态
The film festival will____________ in October.
电影节将于十月举行。
归纳拓展：
逃脱；背叛,脱离____________
强行进入；打断,搅扰____________
强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等）____________
出故障,坏掉;失败;垮掉____________
解散；粉碎；绝交____________
断开;停顿,中断;突然终止____________
作出新的重大发现;突破;克服____________
Distance (1)n. [C,U]距离;[sing.]远方;[U]遥远
常见搭配：
in the distance在远处
at/from a distance离一段距离;从远处
at/from a distance of...从…远的地方(of后跟具体的距离)
例：I can see lights____________
我能看到远处的点点灯光。
Polar bears - like all wild animals - should be photographed ____________
拍摄北极熊跟拍摄所有的野生动物一样,应保持一段安全的距离。
The tower can be seen ____________ of 30 miles.
从30英里远的地方都可以看到这座塔。
(2) n. [U,C]冷淡，疏远
常见搭配 ：
keep sb. at a distance同某人疏远,对某人冷淡,与某人保持一定距离
keep one's distance (from...) (与…)保持距离;疏远…
例：It was very difficult to get to know her because she always____________
很难搞懂她,因为她总是与每个人都保持一定的距离。
She was warned to____________ from John if she didn't want to get hurt.
有人告诫她说,如果她不想受到伤害,就离约翰远一点。
Step 5 Appreciation
Have students read the excerpt again and share their favourite sentences with peers.
Step 6 Homework
1. Read the text again and try to retell it.
2. Polish up the summary of the excerpt from the novel.
1. erupt /t'rApt/ vi. &cvt. (火山)爆发;突然发生
eruption n. [U,C](火山的)爆发;突发(战争、疾病等)
例：Violence erupted outside the embassy gates.
大使馆门外突然 发生了暴乱。
preserve /pri'z3:v/ vt.保存;保护
systematically /isista'maetrkli/ adv.系统化地,有条理地
unearth /An'3:0/ vt.使出土,挖掘,发掘；发现，找到
unearth buried treasures挖掘地下埋藏的珍宝
destination /destr'nerjn/ n. [C]目的地,终点
destruction /dr'strAkjn/ n. [U]毁灭,破坏
wine/wain/ n. [U,C]葡萄酒；果酒 bar/ba:(r)/n. [C]酒吧；小馆子;条, 块；栏杆;障碍
wine bar n.酒吧
a bar of chocolate/soap一条巧克力/ 肥皂
import /'impo:t/ n. [ C,usually pl.]进 口产品,输入的产品;[U]输入 /rm'po:t/ vt.进口,引进
export /'ekspo:t/ n. [C, usually pl.]出 口产品,输出的产品; [U]出口,输出 /ik'spo:t/vt.出口,输出
overseas /auva'si:z/adv.向(在)海外, 向(在)国外adj.海外的,国外的
along with..与……一起 ⑥port /po:t/ n. [C, U]港口,避风港; [C]港口城市
in all directions向四面八方
cloud-capped /'klaud kaept/ adj.高耸入 云的,耸入云霄的
pass by经过
roll /raul/ vi. & vt. 翻滚,滚动;翻身; 卷起n.[C]卷；一管；[sing. ]翻滚
Wallpaper is sold in rolls.壁纸论卷 销售。
The kittens were enjoying a roll in the sunshine.
那些小猫在阳光下嬉戏打滚。
volcano /vol'kernau/ n. [C]火山 volcanic /vol'kaentk/adj.火山的,火山 引起的，火山产生的
volcanic eruptions火山喷发
take the form of呈现…的形状;采 取……的形式
trunk /traok/ n. [C]树干
unbearable /An'bearabl/ adj.难耐的, 无法忍受的
[近义] intolerable adj.无法忍受的,不能容忍的，完全不可接受的 [反义] bearable adj.可忍受的，能应付的
break out突然开始,爆发·
beyond /bijond/ adv.在(或向)较远 处；在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处； 超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
例：Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow.
斯诺登山及其以远的山脉都被积雪覆盖着。
The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。
I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that.我知道我未来三周要干什么,但再往后我还没有想过。
in the distance在远处
distance /'distans/ n. [U]远处，遥远, 久远
far and wide到处，各处
例：People came from far and wide to visit the museum.
人们从各地赶来参观这个 博物馆。
The police searched far and wide for the missing child.
警方四处搜寻失踪的小孩。
pattern /'paetn/ n. [C]图案，花样;模 式；模型；[usually sing. ]范例
an iregular sleeping pattern不规律的睡 眠模式
column /'kplam/ n. [C]柱,圆柱;柱状 物;栏;专栏；队,列
rescue /'reskju:/ n. [U]& vt.救援, 营救，抢救
sharp /fa:p/ adj.灵敏的
faithfulness /'fereflnas/ n. [U]忠 诚，恪守
单词拆解：faith(n.诚意) +-ful(形容 词后缀,表示"充满…的") +-ness (名词后缀,表示"……的性质或状 态、特点") = faithfulness
locate /lau'kert/ vt.找出……的准 确位置；把……安置在(建造于)
manage to do sth.勉力完成某事
重点单词详解
Point1： preserve
教材语境P25：This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely, but it also preserved the ancient city for future ages.
这场可怕的自然灾害彻底摧毁了庞贝城,但也为后世保存了这座古城
用法详解： preserve vt.维持的原状,保存,保养;保护,维护,保留
常见搭配： be well preserved保存得好
例：He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them. were listed as historic buildings.
他说,他听到了保护这些亭子的呼声,也看到了其中一些如何被列为历史建筑
These eighteenth century oil paintings are so well preserved that the visitors are greatly amazed.
这些18世纪的油画保存得这么好,以至于参观者大为惊叹。
归纳拓展：preservation n. [U]保护,维护,保存;保留,维持,保持
例：We are working for the environmental preservation.
我们正致力于环境保护工作。
Point 2 break out
教材语境P26 ： The cries of women broke out; men looked at each other, but were silent.
女人们嚎啕大哭;男人们面面相觑,但没有作声。
用法详解： break out意为"(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始,爆发",是不及物短语动词,不用于被动语态。
例：A fire broke out in the restaurant last night. Fortunately, no one was hurt.昨晚这家饭店发生了火灾。幸运的是，没有人受伤。
辨析比较：
break out意为"(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始,爆发"
例： break out The Second World War broke out in September, 1939.第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。
happen意为“发生,出现",常带有偶然的意味,此时用物作主语,不用于被动语态;还可意为“碰巧,恰好",此时常用人作主语
例：The car accident happened yesterday.
车祸是昨天发生的。
She happened to be out when we called.
我们打电话时,她恰好外出了。
take place意为"发生,进行",常用来指按计划发生的事,不用于被动语态
The film festival will take place in October.
电影节将于十月举行。
归纳拓展：
break away from 逃脱；背叛,脱离
break in 强行进入；打断,搅扰
break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等
break down出故障,坏掉;失败;垮掉
break up解散；粉碎；绝交
break off断开;停顿,中断;突然终止
break through作出新的重大发现;突破;克服)
Point 3 distance
教材语境P26： At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond, in the distance, they heard the sound of falling roofs.那一刻,他们感到大地在脚下晃动；从另一边，远处，传来屋顶坍塌的声音。
用法详解 (1)n. [C,U]距离;[sing.]远方;[U]遥远
常见搭配：in the distance在远处
at/from a distance离一段距离;从远处
at/from a distance of...从…远的地方(of后跟具体的距离)
例：I can see lights in the distance.
我能看到远处的点点灯光。
Polar bears - like all wild animals - should be photographed from a safe distance.
拍摄北极熊跟拍摄所有的野生动物一样,应保持一段安全的距离。The tower can be seen from a distance of 30 miles.
从30英里远的地方都可以看到这座塔。
(2) n. [U,C]冷淡，疏远
常见搭配 ：keep sb. at a distance同某人疏远,对某人冷淡,与某人保持一定距离
keep one's distance (from...) (与…)保持距离;疏远…
It was very difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很难搞懂她,因为她总是与每个人都保持一定的距离。
She was warned to keep her distance from John if she didn't want to get hurt.
有人告诫她说,如果她不想受到伤害,就离约翰远一点。
PAGEBook 3 Unit 2 Natural disasters
Integrated skills
Teaching Aims
By the end of the section, students will be able to:
1. obtain the information about floods and flood safety tips;
2. analyse the typical features of a story about a family caught in a flood;
3. predict what would happen to a family caught in a flood.
Teaching important points
1. To internalize the information about floods and flood safety tips;
2. To predict what would happen to a family caught in a flood.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1Lead-in
The teacher introduces the lesson by showing students pictures and asking them questions at random.
What do you know about floods
When will floods happen
What damage may floods cause
The teacher draws students’ attention to the topic of “floods” and activates students’ knowledge of floods.
Step 2 Speaking
Students share their ideas in groups of four by asking the following questions.
1. Have you ever heard of a flood
2. Have you ever been caught in a flood
3. If so, please describe what happened to you and what you did to reduce the damage.
4. What was it like
5. What did the people caught in a flood do to save themselves
After discussion, the teacher asks several students to report.
Step 3 Listening
Students listen to Part A—an online talk about flood safety tips and finish A1 on Page 22 by deciding whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) and then circle the incorrect information in the false statements and correct it in the blanks.
Students check their answers in pairs and then report them to the whole class.
Step 4 Discussion
Students listen to the conversation again and finish A2 on Page 22. After listening, students check the answers in groups.
Step 5 Reading
The teacher guides students to read the first half of Leo’s story on Page 23 and has students try to analyze the features of a story by asking the following questions.
1. Where did the story take place
2. Who were in the story
3. What happened
Students read the story again about a family caught in a flood and find out the setting, characters and plot of the story.
Step 6 Writing
After reading, the teacher has students discuss in pairs what might happen next in the story.
1. What will Mary and her family do next
2. Can they make a phone call to someone for help
3. Will they leave the house or stay at home
Step 7 Exercises
单词拼写
1. Many homeless people ___________(涌进) into the shelter due to the war.
2. There is a branch company ___________(楼下).
3. This(文件) will be circulated (传阅) to all members of the committee.
4. My parents lent me much money. Thus, I bought so expensive a car.___________(否则) I couldn't have afforded it.
___________(好奇的) tourists and reporters from around the globe are flooding into the peaceful but mysterious villages.
II短语填空
1. In order to make more profits, the farmers set up___________ warmhouses to grow vegetables
2. The gas has run out. I will___________ to get it from the gas station and come back soon.
3. "You have to___________ before you switch off the computers," the local branch manager told his working staff.
4. The boy___________ how water breaks down into oxygen and hydrogen, so he started to do the experiment.
答案
1. 1. flooded 2. downstairs 3. document 4. Otherwise 5. Curious
I1. 1. a flood of 2. go downstairs 3. save the document 4. was curious about
Step 8 Homework
1. Plan your story.
2. Finish the workbook.
go downstairs a flood of be curious about save the document
PAGEBook 3 Unit 2 Natural disasters
Project
Making an information folder about rescue methods
Teaching Aims
By the end of this section, students will be able to:
1. collect and sort the information on a certain rescue method;
2. present the information of group work;
3. evaluate the works of different groups;
4. put all the works together to make an information folder.
Teaching important points
1. To create and present an information folder.
2. To evaluate and comment on the information folder.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Preparation
Have students collect some materials about rescue methods to prepare themselves for the project in groups.
Step 2 Implementation
Have students discuss different methods in natural disaster rescue. Ask students some questions.
1. What traditional methods can be used in searching for survivors
2. What modern tools or equipment can be used to do the same thing
Step 3 Discussion
Have students discuss which method they would like to research.
Have students sort materials they are ready to use. Use the ideas in Part B on Page 27 and other possible aspects.
Step 4Evaluation
1. Evaluate different parts of the information folder in class.
2. Polish up these parts and put all the parts together to make the information folder. Group Work
Class Work
Step 5 Exercises
rescue : Making an information folder about rescue methods.
制作一个关于救援方法的信息文件夹。
用法详解: (1)n. [U]救援,营救;[C]营救行动
常见搭配: rescue teams/workers/boats救援队/人员/船只
come/go to sb.'s rescue来/去救某人
例：A __________ worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
"Never for a second," the boy says, "did I doubt that my father would come to my___________. "
那个男孩说:"我从来没有怀疑过父亲会来救我"。
(2) vt.援救，营救
常见搭配 rescue... from. ..把……从……解救出来
例：In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and ____________, devoting myself to my work.
在未来,我将成为一名救死扶伤的好医生,献身于我的工作。
A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire. ____________immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire.
昨天那栋楼房发生了火灾,史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来救援，把他们一家人全都从大火中救出来了。
sharp： Because of their small size, sharp sense of smell and faithfulness dogs are highly useful in rescue efforts.
因为它们体型小,嗅觉敏锐并且忠诚,所以狗在救援工作中非常有帮助。
用法详解sharp：adj.敏锐的, |adj.锋利的, |adj.(变化)急剧的;|adj.(人或言语)尖|adv.(时间)… 灵敏的，尖的 ||(疼痛等)强烈的1锐的,严厉的|1 (点)整
例：He is a journalist with____________。
他是个头脑极其敏锐的新闻记者。
The doctor used a ____________ instrument to dig a piece of glass out of my finger.
医生用锋利的器械从我的手指上挖出一块玻璃
相关词语积累：
adv.猛烈地; 急剧地;明显地____________
n.[C]磨具，削具 ____________
vt. &vi (使)变得锋利; (使)提高____________
locate ：They can locate survivors much faster than people can.
它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。
用法详解： locate vt.找出……的准确位置;把…安置在(或建造于)
例：Rescue planes are trying ____________ the missing sailors.
救援飞机正在努力查明失踪水手的下落。
The company____________its branch office in the suburb.
这家公司在郊区设立了办事处。
归纳拓展 ： (1) located adj.位于,坐落在
be located in/on/...位于……,坐落在…
例：The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and____________ at Roma Street station.
失物招领处位于罗马街车站,办公时间为周一至周五早上7:30 到下午5:00。
Fire extinguishers ____________ each floor and in each apartment.
每层楼和每个公寓都有灭火器。
(2) location n. [C]地方,地点,位置
In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the ____________ was considered a poor area of town.
2005年，当主教艺术剧院被捐赠给我们的城镇时，这个地方被认为是城镇的一个贫困地区。
Step 6 Homework
1. Polish up the information folder about rescue methods.
2. Finish the workbook. 2’
Point3 rescue : Making an information folder about rescue methods.
制作一个关于救援方法的信息文件夹。
用法详解: (1)n. [U]救援,营救;[C]营救行动
常见搭配: rescue teams/workers/boats救援队/人员/船只
come/go to sb.'s rescue来/去救某人
例：A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
"Never for a second," the boy says, "did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue. "
那个男孩说:"我从来没有怀疑过父亲会来救我"。
(2) vt.援救，营救
常见搭配 rescue... from. ..把……从……解救出来
例：In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, devoting myself to my work.
在未来,我将成为一名救死扶伤的好医生,献身于我的工作。
A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire. The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire.
昨天那栋楼房发生了火灾,史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来救援，把他们一家人全都从大火中救出来了。
Point 5 sharp： Because of their small size, sharp sense of smell and faithfulness dogs are highly useful in rescue efforts.因为它们体型小,嗅觉敏锐并且忠诚,所以狗在救援工作中非常有帮助。
用法详解sharp：adj.敏锐的, |adj.锋利的, |adj.(变化)急剧的;|adj.(人或言语)尖|adv.(时间)… 灵敏的，尖的 ||(疼痛等)强烈的1锐的,严厉的|1 (点)整
例：He is a journalist with an extremely sharp mind.
他是个头脑极其敏锐的新闻记者。
The doctor used a sharp instrument to dig a piece of glass out of my finger.
医生用锋利的器械从我的手指上挖出一块玻璃
Since the ban was announced, there has been a sharp drop in crime.
自从这条禁令颁布以来,犯罪率急剧下降。
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my chest while I was at work.
工作时我突然感到胸口一 阵剧痛。
The boss can be very sharp with people when she's busy.
老板忙的时候对人很严厉。
Please be here at seven o'clock sharp.
请七点整到这里。
相关词语积累：
sharply adv.猛烈地; 急剧地;明显地
sharpener n.[C]磨具，削具
sharpen vt. &vi (使)变得锋利; (使)提高
Point 6 locate They can locate survivors much faster than people can.它们定位 幸存者的速度要比人快得多。
用法详解： locate vt.找出……的准确位置;把…安置在(或建造于)
Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
救援飞机正在努力查明失踪水手的下落。
The company located its branch office in the suburb.
这家公司在郊区设立了办事处。
归纳拓展 ： (1) located adj.位于,坐落在
be located in/on/...位于……,坐落在…
例：The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.失物招领处位于罗马街车站,办公时间为周一至周五早上7:30 到下午5:00。
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.
每层楼和每个公寓都有灭火器。
(2) location n. [C]地方,地点,位置
In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town.
2005年，当主教艺术剧院被捐赠给我们的城镇时，这个地方被认为是城镇的一个贫困地区。
PAGE阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by __36__ country is far from over. Many of the fires __37__(send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds. The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, __38__(result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that __39__(find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done __40__ wildlife. The wildfires are expected __41__(continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season. This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen __42__(regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation __43__(bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made __44__ to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months, __45__ could have a small effect on the planet’s climate. 【答案】36. the 37. sent 38. resulting 39. are found 40. to 41. to continue 42. regularly 43. worse it 45. which 语言知识初探 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤→injury n. [C,U] 伤害，损害→injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的 reaction n. [C, U] 反应，回应→react vi. 回应，（对……）做出反应 confirm vt. 证实，证明，确认；使确信→confirmation n. [U, C] 证实；确认书，证明书 occur vi. 发生，出现；（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现→occurrence n. 发生，出现；发生的事，事件 approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；vt. 处理，解决→approaching adj. 即将到来的 relief n. 轻松，宽慰；减轻，消除→relieve vt. 减轻，缓和；解除（职务）→relieved adj. 感到欣慰的 inform vt. 通知，使知晓→informed adj. 了解情况的；见多识广的 根据提示补全下列短语 crash into ... 冲上，撞上…… roll call 点名 safe and sound 安然无恙的 at large 总共；在逃 in an orderly line 有序地排成一排 earthquake safety procedures 地震安全演练 be a signal of ... 是……的信号 keep one’s head 保持冷静 to one’s great relief 令某人大为欣慰的是 be cleared of ... 清除…… in the face of ... 面对…… 重点知识点解析 hit vt. & vi. 打击，侵袭；对……产生不良影响，损害 (教材P16) We cannot prevent natural disasters, but is there anything we can do when they hit 我们不能阻止自然灾害的发生，但是当它们袭来时，我们可以做什么呢？ 如：Rural areas have been worst hit by the strike. 这次罢工对农村地区的打击最沉重。 The area was hit by the floods. 这一地区遭到洪水袭击。 n. The airline industry took a hit last year. 去年航空业受到了沉重打击。 【归纳拓展】hit其他用法： n．受欢迎的人（或事物），风行一时的流行歌曲（或唱片）；（在计算机或互联网上搜索的）查询结果 如：The film was a massive hit at the box office. 这部电影极为卖座。 The car proved an instant hit in China. 这种轿车在中国迅速走红。 They played a lot of old hits from the 80s and 90s. 他们演奏了许多80年代和90年代流行的老歌。 The band has hit (it) big很成功 in the US. 乐队在美国一炮打响。 Do you know the word kiasu If not, then be kiasu and google it. You’ll get more than a million hits. vt.（用手或器具）击，打；碰撞，撞击（造成损伤）；使突然想起 如：She hit him on the head with her umbrella. 她用伞敲他的头。 The bus hit the bridge. 公交车撞到了桥上。 It hit me that I had a choice. 我突然意识到我有选择的余地。 →vt. 使突然想起 常用结构 Sth. hit(s) sb./ It hit(s) sb. that ... 某人突然想起…… injure vt.（尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害（名誉、自尊等） (教材P16) Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large整个，全部. 尽管目前灾区总体的伤亡情况是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。 如：Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。 This could seriously injure/damage the company's reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： injury n. [C,U] 伤害，损害 如：There were no injuries (=no people injured) in the crash. 撞车事故中无人受伤。 （2）injured adj. 受伤的，受损害的 常见搭配 get injured/hurt 受伤 the injured 伤员（作主语时，谓语动词常用复数） 如：The injured in the earthquake were sent(send) to the nearest hospital yesterday. reaction n. [C, U] 反应，回应 (教材P16) Her students’ reaction was quick and correct--they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。 【用法详解】in reaction to sth. 对某事作出回应 reaction to sb./sth. 对……的反应 如：A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses. 一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。 What was his reaction to the news 他对这消息有何反应？ 【归纳拓展】词性转换： react vi. 回应，（对……）做出反应；（对食物等）有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应 常见搭配 react to sth. (by doing sth.) （通过做……）对……作出反应 react against ... 反对……，反抗…… react with sth. 与……发生化学反应 如：Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁和水及空气发生反应产生铁锈。 People can react badly to certain food additives. 人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏。 in case 以防（发生某事）；如果，假使；以防万一 (教材P16) At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士迅速打开教室的门，以防它在晃动中损坏而无法打开。 【用法详解】in case意为“以防（发生某事）；如果，假使；以防万一”，可引导从句，也可单独使用。常见用法如下： 用作连词，表示目的，意为“以防（发生某事）”； 用作连词，表示条件，意为“如果，假使”； 用作副词性短语，在句中作状语，可单独使用，意为“以防万一”。 如：I'll stay around in case you need me. 我就待在这儿，也许你用得着我。（表目的） In case you should need any help, here's my number. 万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码。（表条件） I have also taken out a life insurance policy on him just in case. 为防万一，我还给他买了一份人寿保险。 【归纳拓展】与case相关的其他短语： in case of ... 如果，假使（发生某事） in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in that case 如果是那样的话 as is often the case 这是常有的事 in no case 决不（置于句首，句子用部分倒装）=in/under no circumstances，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no account，on no condition 如：There's no point complaining now--we're leaving tomorrow in any case=anyway. 现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天都要离开。 In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如遇火警，即按警铃。 Perhaps you've some doubts about the attack. In that case, it may interest you to know that Miss Woods witnessed it. 你也许对这起袭击还有些怀疑。那么如果我告诉你伍兹小姐亲眼目睹了这起事件，你可能会感兴趣。 【即时巩固】翻译句子 为了防止有人跟踪我，我特地绕了弯路。 In case anyone was following me, I made an elaborate detour... 你决不能在图书馆大声喧哗。 In no case will you make any noise in the library. 他又迟到了，他常常这样。 He was late for school, as is often the case. signal (-signaled-signaled) vi. & vt. 发信号，发暗号，示意；vt. 标志，表明，预示 n. [C] 信号，暗号；预示；信号灯 (教材P16) She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line with their hands on their heads. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 【用法详解】signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 如：He signalled to the waiter for the bill. 他示意服务员结账。 He signalled (to) us to join him. 他示意要我们去他那儿。 The scandal surely signals the end of his political career. 毫无疑问，这桩丑闻预示他的政治生涯就此结束。 a danger/warning/distress etc. signal 危险、警告、求救等信号 【即时巩固】翻译句子 An afternoon nap (午睡) is one of the joys of life, although too much napping could signal all is not well.（2021·徐州一模） 午后小憩可谓人生的一大乐趣，但瞌睡过多可能表明瞌睡者身体有恙。 confirm vt. 证实，证明，确认；使确信 (教材P16) After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑着，哭着，互相拥抱着。 【用法详解】It is/has been confirmed that ... 已证实…… confirm one’s belief/determination 坚定某人的信念/决心 confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事 如：It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。 His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. 他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。 Then one day his worst fears were confirmed. 后来有一天，他最担心的事终于发生了。 It has confirmed me in my decision not to give up my studies. 这使我更加坚定了不要放弃学习的决心。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： confirmation n. [U, C] 证实；确认书，证明书 【即时巩固】翻译句子和单句语法填空 当被问及时，她确定未经允许学生不应该接近湖边。（approach） When asked, she confirmed that students shouldn’t approach the lake without permission. His words confirmed me in my belief that our cause was valuable. occur vi. [无被动或进行时] 发生，出现；（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现 approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；vt. 处理，解决 n. 方式，方法；道路 (教材P17) It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。 【用法详解】(1) occur (-occurred-occurred-occurring) 的用法： sth. occurs to sb. （主意或想法等）浮现于某人脑海中 It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人想到……it做形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，且that不能省略 如：Something unexpected occurred/happened. 发生了一件出乎意料的事。 Sugar occurs naturally in fruit. 水果天然含糖分。（-exist in 存在于，含有） The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。 It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me. 我想到可以让人把书寄给我。 易混辨析 occurvi., happenvi., break outvi., take placevi. (1)occur与happen均为不及物动词，意思相近，表示“碰巧；（偶然地）发生”，常含有偶然或突发的意味；occur还可表示“（想法、主意在某人脑海中）突然出现”。二者都没有被动形式，但happen可用于进行时。 (2)break out为不及物动词短语，多指战争、火灾、疾病或疫情等“突然爆发”。 (3)take place为不及物动词短语，意为“发生，举行”，多指某事或某活动按计划发生或举行，没有“偶然”的意味。 词性转换 occurrence n. 发生，出现；发生的事，事件 【用法详解】(2) approach vt. & vi.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；vt. 处理，解决 n. 方式，方法；道路 常见搭配 an approach to ... 解决某问题的方法；通往某地点的路径 如：As we approached the largest rapid急流 on the river I could feel my heart beating fast. 走近，靠近 I approached to greet him. 我走上前去，和他打招呼。 The author thinks society should approach cloning with caution. 处理（-deal with, handle） They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives. 他们采取了一个更合理的方法——向他们的孩子传达在学校的成功能提高他们的生活质量。 词性转换 approaching adj. 即将到来的（-coming） 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 A good idea occurs to me. Absorbing himself in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching(approach). All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队守卫。 relief n. 轻松，宽慰；（焦虑、痛苦等的）减轻，消除 (教材P17) To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 令她极为欣慰的是，这名官员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 【用法详解】in/with relief 欣慰地，放心地 to one’s (great) relief 令某人（深感）欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事时间让人欣慰/轻松的事。 relief from/of ... ……的减轻/消除 如：a sense of relief 解脱感 We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。 She sighed with relief. 她松了口气。 This brought considerable relief from the pain. 这相当大地缓解了疼痛。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）relieve vt. 减轻，缓和；解除（职务） 常见搭配 relieve one’s pain/pressure 减轻、缓和某人的痛苦/压力 relieve sb. of sth. 减轻某人的负担；解除某人的职务 如：The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork. 新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。 General Beale was relieved of his command. 比尔将军被解除了指挥权。 （2）relieved adj. 感到欣慰的 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 Much to my relief the car was not damaged. The officer involved was relieved(relieve) of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines. inform vt. 通知；了解，熟悉 (教材P17) Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记得要让自己对正在发生的事了然于心。 【用法详解】inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事 inform sb. that/wh-从句 通知某人…… inform oneself of/about sth. 使某人了解/熟悉某事 如： Please inform us of any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。 I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year. 我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： informed adj. 了解情况的；见多识广的 常见搭配 keep sb. informed of ... 使某人了解某事 如：an informed choice/decision/guess/opinion 有依据的选择/决定/猜测/看法 Keep me informed of any developments. 随时通知我进展情况。 information un. 信息，消息；情报 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 He was informed(inform) that his application was rejected. We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem. They often get some information(inform) from the Internet. (教材P16) The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 地震停止的瞬间，布朗女士意识到这是他们逃出教室的好机会。 【句式剖析】本句为主从复合句，逗号前为the moment引导的时间状语，逗号后为主句。 【考点提炼】the moment/minute/second/instant +从句 名词短语the moment/minute/second/instant可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as，意为“一……就……”。如： I recognized him the instant I saw him. 我一眼就认出他来。 【归纳拓展】表示“一……就……”的其他表达： 注意 no sooner ... than ...与hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...结构中的时态搭配，主句谓语动词使用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句要用一般过去时。此外，若把no sooner或hardly/scarcely/barely置于句首，主句要使用部分倒装语序。如： I had hardly got home when it began to rain. →Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang. Hardly had she spoken than she regretted(regret) it bitterly. I remembered her name immediately(immediate) she'd gone. √小试身手-完成句子 尽管她没有示意，我还是确信她看见了我。（though; give no sign） Though she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me. 希望他一到我就见到他。 I want to see him the moment he arrives. 多带几件衣服，以备身上弄湿了好穿。 Take some spare clothes in case you get wet/soaked. Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses. A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. It didn't occur to her to ask for help. She glanced over at James for confirmation(confirm). You'll be relieved(relief) to know your jobs are safe. At an agreed signal(信号) they left the room. He warned us of pickpockets. My progress in reading raised my curiosity(curious), and wanted to know everything. Hearing the shocking(shock) news, everyone present was thrown into a panic. II. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子 break out at large hold on to保住，守住（有利因素）；（过长时间地）保存，保留；坚持（信念） in case the moment be cleared of 1．Systems must also be cleared of redundant data. 2．He remains at large despite the high price put on his head by the authorities. 3．The moment I get the money I'll send the ticket. 4．Bring a map in case you get lost. 5．Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune. 6．Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. III. 完形填空 Years ago, I flew 3,000 miles across the country to take a new job at a non-profit organization. This was a very promising job, or so I thought. Before the 36 , the founder(创办者) of the organization 37 to eventually promote(升职) me to a senior leadership role, but in the end I was deeply 38 . They hired someone else to fill that 39 three months after I took the new job. This 40 promise left me hurt, angry and confused by the 41 I had made. How could this happen to me The promise of being on the senior leadership team was the main 42 behind my decision to 43 the job offer. As a result, I moved my family across the country and couldn’t 44 move back. This was a difficult time for me. While my head sought(寻求) answers and my heart 45 emotions, my wife, Elba, gave me the best 46 . She said, “Stay focused; stay faithful.” This 47 keeping my attention on the job at hand and staying faithful to the task. It wasn’t easy, but these words 48 my attitude and actions during that time and toward every challenge I have faced since. I stayed 49 and faithful until a wonderful opportunity opened at another organization. When we face an unexpected 50 at work, it can seem much easier to slack off (懈怠), get angry, blame others or do foolish things, but these 51 can be costly and self-destructive(自毁的). 52 bad with bad doesn’t add up to good. Good can come from bad through our 53 . Spiritual and personal 54 can be drawn from hardship(艰难). The lessons I gained during that time have helped me 55 life’s ups and downs. 36. A. projectB. promotion C. interviewD. move37. A. promisedB. approvedC. managedD. arranged38. A. afraidB. ashamedC. disappointedD. worried39. A. situationB. positionC. spaceD. organization40. A. brokenB. unexpectedC. secretD. sincere41. A. mistakeB. offerC. conclusionD. decision42. A. purposeB. reasonC. wishD. thought43. A. discussB. loseC. refuseD. accept44. A. easilyB. quietlyC. fortunatelyD. suddenly45. A. tolerateB. expressedC. hidD. fought46. A. newsB. adviceC. exampleD. praise47. A. provedB. showedC. meantD. began48. A. guidedB. testedC. recordedD. displayed49. A. inspiredB. relaxedC. satisfiedD. focused50. A. schedule B. turnC. successD. danger51. A. responsesB. solutionsC. complaintsD. challenges52. A. LinkingB. defendingC. FightingD. Training53. A. talentsB. imaginations C. exercisesD. efforts54. A. achievementsB. lessonsC. giftsD. lectures55. A. get intoB. get throughC. get acrossD. get back
【答案】36-55 DACBA DBDAD BCADB ACDBB IV. 七选五阅读 This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. __1__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __2__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. __3__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. __4__ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. __5 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A. Having interesting things to think about also helps. B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes. D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 【答案】BCEAG V. 短文填空 People with high self confidence 1.____________(natural) have optimistic and joyful emotions as well as the knowledge that they can change their emotions from negative to positive. Emotions 2.____________(be) a normal part of life. They indicate how you feel about a situation and any needed action. When you have high self respect and self confidence, you feel good 3.____________ life. You feel secure and have an open heart and a calm mind. The 4.____________(high) your level of emotional health is, the more self worth you will have. Even when things go wrong, you’re composed and ready 5.____________(deal) with the situation in a constructive way. Even when you focus on 6.____________(carry) a positive attitude at all times, we all know that life can be full of annoyances—your dog 7.____________(run) away, someone sideswipes your car, your plane is late, you have to work overtime to get a project done. All of these can cause a bad mood and throw your emotions into a downward spiral. Having emotional health isn’t difficult, but 8.____________ does take focus and concentration. Be aware of 9.____________ your feeling is and direct your emotions into something more optimistic. Your self confidence will 10.____________(strength) at the same time. 【答案】1．naturally 2．are 3．about 4．higher 5．to deal 6．carrying 7．runs 8．it 9．what 10．strengthen 单元单词默写 ____________ / ka nti/ n. 郡，县 (16) ____________ / nd (r)/ vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害 (16) ____________ /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难，灾害；彻底 失败 (16) ____________ 整个，全部 (16) ____________ /ri k n/ n. 反应，回应；抗拒； 化学反应 (16) ____________ /kr / n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi. & vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃 (16) ____________ / s ɡn l/ vi. & vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 (16) ____________ / eks t; egz t/ vt. & vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出 n. 出口，通道；离开 (16) ____________ / d li/ adj. 有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 (16) ____________ /ste (r)/ n. 楼梯；梯级 (16) ____________ /r l/ n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi. & vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 (16) →____________ 点名 (16) ____________ /k n f m/ vt. 证实，确认；使确信； 批准 (16) ____________ 安然无恙的 (16) ____________ /h ɡ/ vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 (16) ____________ /pr si d (r)/ n. 程序，步骤，手续 (16) ____________ /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸 (17) ____________ / d/ adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 (17) ____________ / b bl/ n. 泡沫，泡，气泡 (17) ____________ / k (r)/ vi. 发生，出现；存在于 (17) →____________ 被想到，浮现在脑中 (17) ____________ （在困境中）保持冷静 (17) ____________ /r li f/ n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除； 救济 (17) ____________ /ta fu n/ n. 台风 (19) ____________ /d str kt v/ adj. 引起破坏（或毁灭）的，破坏（或毁灭性）的 (19) ____________/p l/ n. 柱，杆；极 (19) 25. ____________ / n f m/ vt. 了解，熟悉；通知 (19) county injure disaster at large reaction crash signal exit orderly stair roll roll call confirm safe and sound hug procedure tsunami odd bubble occur occur to keep one’s head relief typhoon destructive pole inform◎课文语法填空 根据教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (1) In spite of 7 killed and over 200 injured in an earthquake, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School 1._______(escape) the disaster. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries. The head teacher 2._______(name) Alice Brown was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ 3._______(react) was quick and correct. Miss Brown 4._______(quick) opened the classroom door 5._______ might be damaged 6._______ case it could not open. The moment 7._______ shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an 8._______(order) line. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, 9._______(laugh), crying and hugging each other. The earthquake safety procedures 10._______(practise) twice year, so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. (Ⅱ) Although a series of huge waves 1._______(cause) by an undersea earthquake left thousands 2._______(die), a 10-year-old girl named Sabrina Andron helped around 100 people escape danger with her basic knowledge of tsunamis. While people 3._______( enjoy) the warm sea air and the soft wind on the sandy beach, Sabrina noticed something odd. She said that the water looked like the bubbles on the top of a beer. She had just learnt about tsunamis in Geography lesson, and it immediately occurred 5._______ her that these were signs of an 6._______(approach) tsunami. Although frightened, she kept her head 7._______ warned her parents of the danger, insisting that they talk to a safety officer. Much to her 8._______(relieve), the officer realized the coming danger 9._______(immediate) and the beach 10._______(clear) of people soon, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. 【答案】(1)1. escaped 2. named 3. reaction 4. quickly 5. that/which 6. in 7. the 8. orderly 9. laughing 10. are practised (2)1. caused 2. dead 3. were enjoying 4. a 5. to 6. approaching 7. and 8. relief 9. immediately 10. was cleared 语言知识初探 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 shock n. 震惊，令人震惊的事；休克 vt. 使震惊，使惊吓→shocking adj. 非常糟糕的，令人气愤的（多修饰事物）→shocked n. 震惊的，愤慨的（多修饰人的感受、表情、声音等） power n. 电，电力，能量；能力；政权；权力 vt. 驱动，推动（机器或车辆）→powerful adj. 有影响力的；强有力的 donate vt. 捐赠→donation n. 捐赠,捐款→donor n. 捐赠者 distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；冷淡，疏远→distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的→distantly adv. 遥远地；有远亲关系地 根据提示补全下列短语 take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 break out 突然开始，爆发 far and wide 到处，各处 power failure 停电 run out of supplies 用光补给 go through 浏览，通读；经历；检查 emergency services 紧急服务 in the distance 在远处 重点知识点解析 power n. [U] 电，电力，能量；能力；政权；[U, C, usu pl.] 权力 vt. 驱动，推动（机器或车辆） (教材P20) The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure. 强风暴雨没有吓到我，但是停电的时候，我吓坏了。 【用法详解】a power failure/cut 停电 a power plant 发电厂 wind/solar/nuclear power 风/太阳/核能 within one’s power 在某人能力/权力范围内 beyond/out of one’s power 某人能力所不能及 have power over ... 对……有控制权，能支配…… have power to do sth. 有能力做某事 be in power 执政，掌权 come into/to power =take power 上台，执政，掌权 如：It is not within my power (=I am unable or not in a position) to help you. 我是爱莫能助啊。 Human societies have the power to solve the problems confronting them. 人类社会有能力解决面临的问题。 He had lost the power of speech. 他丧失了语言能力。 world powers 世界列强，economic power 经济实力/ purchasing power 购买力，powerhouse强大的集团（或组织 The car was powered(power) by engine. 【归纳拓展】词性转换： powerful adj. 有影响力的；强有力的 常见搭配 powerful reasons/arguments 有说服力的理由/论据 a powerful organization 有影响力的组织 run out (of ...), supply (教材P20) Were you afraid of running out of supplies 你是不是担心补给品用光了？ 【用法详解】(1) run out (of ...) 用完，耗尽（供应品） 易混辨析 run out of/run out/use up/give out 易混词组区别run out意为“用完，耗尽”时，为不及物动词短语，其主语一般为物，其后不可以接宾语，也不用被动run out of意为“用完，耗尽”，为及物动词短语，其主语一般为人，其后要接宾语give out意为“耗尽，用完”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物use up意为“用光，用完”，为及物动词短语，其后可接宾语，可用于被动语态
如：But once these plants use up/ run out of their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. 但是，一旦这些植物耗尽它们储存的水或者用完地下水源，它们就会停止生长并开始死亡。 It was feared that food supplies would give out/ run out/ be used up before the besieged town could be relieved. 人们担心食品储备在被围的城镇解围以前就会耗尽。 归纳拓展 run构成的其他短语 run across 偶然遇见 run after 追捕；追求 run away from ... 逃离…… run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等） run for 竞选 run through 浏览；快速穿越……
即时巩固 用以上短语完成句子 ①I her in the public library yesterday. ②Our food is . Will you go to the supermarket to buy some ③You just cannot always your duty while faced with difficulty. ④Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are . We must act immediately before there’s none left. 【答案】①ran across/into ②running out ③run away ④running out 【用法详解】(2) supply n. [pl.] 补给，补给品；[C] 供应量，储备；[U] 供应 常见搭配 water supply 供水 be in short supply 供应短缺 a supply of .../ supplies of ... ……的供应 supply and demand供求 supply chain 供应链 supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb. 供给某人某物 如：Since we will be walking for almost two weeks, I need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. 因为我们需要徒步行走将近两周时间，所以我得预先买一个大容量的背包来背我的给养——食物和饮用水。 Books were in short supply (=there were not enough of them). 书籍供应短缺。 A stroke can disrupt the supply of oxygen to the brain. 中风可导致大脑供氧中断。 易混辨析 supply/provide/offer的用法区别 supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb. provide sb. with sth. =provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. →双宾；offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事，提议做某事 即时巩固 翻译句子 ①诸如煤和石油这样的自然资源供应不足。 The natural resources, such as coal and oil are . in short supply ②一句多译：政府决定给难民提供住处。 The government decided to the refugees houses. offer The government decided to houses the refugees. supply; to The government decided to the refugees houses. supply; with donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血），捐献（器官） (教材P20) Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。 【用法详解】donate sth. to sb./sth. 将某物捐赠给某人/某物 如：I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. 我发现假期前是鼓励孩子们捐赠不常用物品的好时机，而且效果很好。（2018·全国Ⅲ卷） Before graduation, many students in our school donated their books to the school library for the students in lower grades to use. 毕业前夕，我们学校的许多学生把他们的书捐赠给学校图书馆供低年级学生使用。 Many people donated that type of blood to rescue the severely injured boy. 许多人献了那个血型的血来救那个严重受伤的男孩儿。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： donor n. [C] 捐赠者；献血者 donation n. [C, U] 捐赠物，捐赠，赠送 常见搭配 make a donation (of sth. to ...) （向……）捐赠（某物） 如：The large hall was filled with people who came to make a donation to the earthquake victims. 这个大厅挤满了那些前来为地震灾民捐款的人们。 注意 donate虽然是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要用介词to构成donate sth. to sb./sth.。有类似用法的词还有introduce, explain等。
go through (教材P21) Next I went through my notes of Mr Li’s experiences ... 之后，我浏览了我关于李先生的经历的笔记…… 【用法详解】go through的用法： (1)通读，查阅。为及物短语动词。相当于look through。如： He has the habit of going through newspapers after getting up. 他有起床之后浏览报纸的习惯。 (2)穿过，通过。为及物短语动词。如： The rope is too thick to go through the hole. 绳子太粗，穿不过这个孔。 (3)经历，遭受。为及物短语动词，相当于experience。如： Go through those things that seem impossible, and achieve what we never believe we can. 去经历那些似乎不可能做到的事情，去取得我们从不相信自己能取得的成就。 (4)仔细察看，检查，审查。为及物短语动词。相当于go over。如： I would be grateful if you could go through my paper and make necessary changes. 如果你能仔细检查我的论文并作必要的修改，我将不胜感激。 (5)（法律、合同等正式）通过。为不及物短语动词。主语通常为物。如： The plan went through at the meeting, which made us all quite happy. 会议通过了这项计划，这使我们都非常高兴。 【归纳拓展】go构成的其他短语： go ahead 先走；发生，进行；开始做，着手干 go away 走开，离开 go against 反抗；违反；对……不利 go on 继续下去；发生；（时间）流逝 go by （时间）流逝，过去 go over 仔细检查（或审查、查阅） go in for 爱好；参加（考试或竞赛） go out 出去；（火或灯光）熄灭 go up 上升，上涨 go down 下降，下跌 go without ... 没有……也行 【即时巩固】用以上短语完成句子 ①My grandmother was becoming more and more sad and frail虚弱 as the years went by. ②Go over your work for spelling mistakes before you hand it in. ③They go in for tennis and bowls. ④The bedroom light went out after a moment. break out (教材P26) The cries of women broke out; men looked at each other, but were silent. 女人们嚎啕大哭；男人们面面相觑，但没有作声。 【用法详解】break out意为“（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发”，是不及物短语动词，不用于被动语态。如： A fire broke out in the restaurant last night. Fortunately, no one was hurt. 昨晚这家饭店发生了火灾。幸运的是，没有人受伤。 Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. 战争爆发时她的朋友来帮助她。 【易混辨析】break out/happen/take place 易混词区别break out意为“（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发”。如： The Second World War broke out in September; 1939. 第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。happen意为“发生，出现”，常带有偶然的意味，此时用物作主语，不用于被动语态；还可意为“碰巧，恰好”，此时常用人作主语。如： The car accident happened yesterday. 车祸是昨天发生的。 She happened to be out when we called. 我们打电话时，她恰好外出了。take place意为“发生，进行”，常用来指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。如： The film festival will take place in October. 电影节将于十月举行。
【归纳拓展】break构成的其他短语： break away from 逃脱；背叛，脱离 break in 强行进入；打断，搅扰 break into 强行闯入（某地）；突然开始（笑、唱等） break down 出故障，坏掉；失败；垮掉 break up 解散；粉碎；绝交 break off 断开；停顿，中断；突然终止 break through 作出新的重大发现；突破；克服 【即时巩固】用以上短语完成句子 ①Talks with business leaders broke down last night. ②MPs国会议员 say they work too hard and that is why so many of their marriages break up因而导致他们当中很多人婚姻破裂. ③Llewelyn broke off in mid-sentence. ④When his lips break into a smile, it is enough to melt any woman's heart. 他粲然一笑就足以让任何女人心软。 distance n. [C，U] 距离；[sing.] 远方；[U] 遥远；[U, C] 冷淡，疏远 (教材P26) At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；从另一边，远处传来屋顶坍塌的声音。 【用法详解】in the distance 在远处 at/from distance 离一段距离；从远处 at/from distance of ... 从……远的地方（of后跟具体的距离） keep sb. at distance 同某人疏远，对某人冷淡，与某人保持一定距离 keep one’s distance (from ...)（与……）保持距离；疏远…… 如：I can see lights in the distance. 我能看到远处的点点灯光。 Polar bears -- like all wild animals -- should be photographed from a safe distance. 拍摄北极熊跟拍摄所有的野生动物一样，应保持一段安全的距离。（2020·浙江） The tower can be seen from a distance of 30 miles. 从30英里远的地方都可以看到这座塔。 It was very difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance. 很难搞懂她，因为她总是与每个人都保持一定的距离。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）distant adj. 遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 常见搭配 be distant from ... 离……远 （2）distantly adv. 远地；冷淡地；远亲关系地 如：We're distantly related. 我们是远亲。 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to _______(distance) planets. Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in _________ distance. 【答案】1. distant 2. the 1. (教材P20) The hurricane must have caused lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很大的损失和痛苦。 【句式剖析】此句中含有must have done结构。must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。如： The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 You must have gone to bed late last night. Your eyes are red. 你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。 补充 must表示推测时的常用结构: must do 表示对现在动作的肯定推测 must be doing 表示对正在进行动作的肯定推测 must have done 表示对过去动作的肯定推测 【考点提炼】“情态动词+have done”的用法 （一）表推测（表示对过去或已完成动作的推测） 表肯定推测：must have done（“肯定做过某事”） ，may/might have done 表否定推测：can’t/couldn’t have done（“不可能做过某事”） ，may/might not have done （二）表虚拟 You shouldn’t tell him about it. 建议将来不要做某事 You shouldn’t have told him about it. He is so sad now. You needn’t do it. You needn’t have got up so early. It’s Sunday today. I could/might have come to your party yesterday, but my mom was seriously ill. 总结 should (not) have done sth., ought (not) to have done sth. _________________本（不）该做某事（而实际……） needn’t have done sth. _______________本不必做（而实际却做了） could/might have done sth. _____________本可以做某事（而实际……） （三）注意：情态动词表推测和情态动词表虚拟的的区别 情态动词表推测 must have done 意为：_____________肯定做过某事 如：He must have left this morning. may/might have done 意为：________________可能做过某事 如：He might have come. Look, there’s some money on the table. can’t/couldn’t have done 意为：________________不可能做过某事 如：He couldn’t have come. Nobody saw him at the meeting. may/might not have done 意为：________________可能没做过某事 如：It may not/might not be Tom who stole the money. 情态动词表虚拟 should/ought to have done 意为：_________________本该做某事（而实际未做） shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done 意为：_________________本不该做某事（而实际已做） needn’t have done 意为：_________________本不必做某事（而实际已做） could have done 意为：_________________本可以做某事（而实际未做） might have done 意为：_________________本可以做某事（而实际未做） 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 ⑦Had they known what was coming next, they _______(have) second thoughts. ⑧We _______(face) the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me ⑨—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it’s too bad. You _______(make) full preparations. ⑩The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _______(not take) the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. 【答案】7. might have had 8. could have faced 9. should have made 10. needn’t have taken 2. (教材P25) Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！火山岩忽明忽暗，述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 【句式剖析】此句从句中含有be to do结构，表示某事“即将发生”。 【考点提炼】“be to do”结构的用法 该结构表示将来，主要有以下三方面的含义: （1）表示注定要发生的或不可避免会发生的事情。如： The discovery is to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease. 这一发现将对心脏病的治疗产生重大影响。 （2）表示按照计划、安排即将发生某事或者打算做某事表将来。如： We are to meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校门口见面。 He said he was to finish the work in week. 说他将在一周之内完成这项工作。 （3）表示意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等。如： You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes. 孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉并保持安静。我们的客人五分钟之内就要到了。 He said no one was to leave the building without the police’s permission. 他说没有警方的允许，没有一个人可以离开这幢楼。 注意 “be to do”结构中，若do与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式要用to be done的形式。如： The meeting is to be held next Monday. 会议将于下周一举行。 √小试身手（1）-完成句子 你不能在室内吸烟。（be to do） ________________________________________________________________________ 他正处于非常艰难的时期。 He _______________________ a very difficult time... 我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。 I reached the station ____________________ that my train had already left. 我觉得我们一定是在什么地方拐错了路。 I think we ____________________ a wrong turning somewhere. 【答案】1. You are not to smoke in the room. 2. was going through 3. only to find 4. must have taken ◎单元重点语法—动词不定式作定语和结果状语 （一）动词不定式作定语 阅读下列句子，注意不定式作定语的形式和位置 The car to be bought is for her sister. 要买的车是给她姐姐的。 He has no friend to depend on. 他没有可依靠的朋友。（=who he can depend on） I have no chance to go abroad. He was the first student to get up this morning. Can I have something to drink 总结 不定式作定语 *解析 不定式作后置定语 1、不定式作定语的几种情况 ①不定式表将来。如： The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 ②中心词为地点、方式、工具等或不定代词，或被the only/last/next/ ..., the first等序数词或最高级修饰时。如： I have no pencil to write with. He is the first one to get to school. He was the best man to do the job. ③被修饰词为抽象名词，由原本加不定式的及物动词或形容词派生而来。此类抽象名词有：arrangement, desire, decision, attempt, determination, failure, hope, intention, need, order, plan, promise, refusal, wish等（动词派生）；ability, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, patience, willingness等（形容词派生）。如： He made an attempt to overcome his weakness. His eagerness to get back home is quite obvious. 注意 被修饰词与不定式间有时具有同位关系，即不定式解释说明中心词的内容，相当于同位语。如： We are sure he has the ability to deal with the problem. 补充 此类抽象名词还有：chance, opportunity, courage, efforts, evidence, means, way, time, right, reason, ambition, movement等。如： He has an ambition to become a world champion. Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech. 2、不定式作定语的语态问题 ①中心词逻辑主语 + to do（表主谓关系），即中心词是不定式动作的执行者，则使用主动形式。如： We need some nurses to look after children. （nurses→look after children） ②中心词逻辑宾语 + to do（表动宾关系），即中心词是不定式动作的承受者，使用“主动表被动”，且不及物动词后应有相应的介词。如： I have some heavy bags (for me) to carry. （some heavy bags←carry） I have some problems (for me) to deal with. （some problems←deal with） 注意 试比较以下2句话 I have much work to do. →可在不定式前加“for me”，说明工作是由“我”来做。 I have some films to be developed. →表示胶卷不是由“我”冲洗。 （二）动词不定式作结果状语 ①不定式在句子中作结果状语，往往表示“出乎意料的、非本意的结果”。如： He hurried to the station only to find hat the train had left. 他匆忙赶到了车站结果却发现火车已经开走了。 ②不定式在带有 enough或too的句子里作结果状语。如： He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 We found the room too small to hold so many people. √小试身手（2）-单句语法填空 (1)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train __________(catch). (2)There are still many problems _____________(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. (3)That is the only way we can imagine ____________(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. (4)We are invited to a party _______________(hold) in our club next Friday. (5)The news reporters hurried to the airport, only_____(tell) the film stars had left. 答案：(1)to catch (2)to be solved (3)to reduce (4)to be held (5)to be told 根据句意并结合汉语或首字母提示填写单词 Peace marked a new (开端，萌芽) in the country’s history. Our success was far (超出) what we thought possible. Violence (突然发生) outside the embassy gates. The country’s major (出口产品) are fruit and vegetables. Researchers have (发现) documents from the1600s. The temple is supported by marble (柱，圆柱). He has no plans to (退休) as editor of the magazine. The country has to (进口) most of its raw materials. Tennis requires a lot of short (急剧的，剧烈的) movements. The players are (禁止，阻止) from drinking alcohol the night before a match. They searched far and w for the missing boy. We saw lights in the d . Ellis Isand has become one of America’s most popular tourist d . The wages often take the f of living goods. He was 29 when war broke o . A wealthy benefactor came to their r with a generous donation. As a saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the R do.” When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all d . The hill is supposed to be the r place of the legendary King Lud. A all, we should be fully prepared for the crisis. 【答案】1. dawn 2. beyond 3. erupted 4. exports 5. unearthed 6. columns 7. retire import 9. sharp 10. barred 11. wide 12. distance 13. destinations 14. form out 16. rescue 17. Romans 18. directions 19. resting 20. Above II. 完形填空 A friend of mine is a musician. He always seems to be learning new tunes, new __1__, and new ways of making music in cool ways. At the weekends, he __2__ to go into Central Park in the center of Nagoya during the daytime where lots of bands __3__. Some of these bands are really good, but some of them are quite __4__. One of the reasons why my friend likes watching all the bands is that they are free! And as he says to me, “__5__ expensive things don't necessarily mean that they're good, free things don't necessarily mean they have no __6__. You have to listen and look yourself and __7__ what is valuable for you. And __8__, as you listen and look, you may learn different things.” So my friend goes to the park every week when the weather is fine, and he says he learns __9__ from every single band! When he watches and listens to the really good bands, he learns new concertos(协奏曲) from the __10__ and cool rhythms from the drummers. I guess that it's not __11__ that you can learn a lot by watching __12__ performers. But what impress me are my friend's words -- “You can learn by watching and listening to the bad performers, too. When I watch a bad performer, I think to myself -- wow, that's another thing that I'm going to __13__.” So my friend makes __14__ by leaning from both good and bad performers. And he says he also finds __15__ and pleasure in learning and improving in ways that he has never even imagined! 1. A. games B. systems C. instruments D. languages 2. A. loves B. wishes C. agrees D. affords 3. A. compete B. perform C. study D. succeed 4. A. poor B. shy C. unlucky D. fierce 5. A. Since B. For C. While D. Unless 6. A. price B. fault C. soul D. value 7. A. find out B. wait for C. bring out D. call for 8. A. in short B. of course C. at first D. as usual 9. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something 10. A. listeners B. learners C. players D. dancers 11. A. touching B. exciting C. surprising D. satisfying 12. A. excellent B. strange C. energetic D. amateur 13. A. come up with B. get hold of 13. C. look down on D. get rid of 14. A. time B. money C. progress D. way 15. A. duty B. fun C. pride D. respect 【答案】CABAC DABDC CADCB III. 阅读理解 A A high altitude rescue team has set new standards in the Himalayas this season, performing the highest altitude rescue ever completed. On May 19th, a rescue team successfully got a mountaineer from near Camp 3 at 23, 000 feet on Everest(珠穆朗玛峰). The climber named Gautam nearly reached the top but became extremely exhausted and seriously dehydrated(脱水的)． After a difficult and dangerous rescue, the team was able to successfully save Gautam's life. In an interview with Moro, the pilot of the rescue team, he said, “You have to be prepared, technically, physically, and also mentally.” He added, “The aim wasn't to set a record but to save someone's life.” The team has flown rescue tasks using Nepalese helicopters(直升机) for two years but had the idea to create a team with its own helicopter, which has been able to complete this season. The entire operation is privately financed, and according to Moro,“doesn't cost the Italian or Nepalese tax payer a single cent.”Moro also flies tasks for the local population for “free or at extremely reduced prices”． Moro sees potential for the increasing number of high altitude Himalayan rescue operations. In the future, he hopes to see more than one team, as well as a specialised team of climbers that would be able to perform rescues at altitudes and in weather conditions that are impossible for helicopters. 1. What can we infer about Gautam A. He is a lover for mountaineering. B. He lost his life on Himalayas. C. He ever reached the mountain top once. D. He is a leader of a rescue team. 2. What is Moro like A. He can operate the helicopter technically. B. He is generous and helpful to people. C. He makes good preparations for mountaineering. D. He is potential and wealthy. 3. What does the underlined word “financed” in Paragraph 4 mean A. Loved by many people. B. Managed in a new way. C. Supported with money. D. Discovered by chance. 4. What's the best title for the passage A. The Future of High altitude Rescue Team B. The Successful Flying Task on Himalayas C. An Interview with an Italian Famous Rescue Team Leader D. A Daring High altitude Rescue on Everest Sets a Record B In the US, tornadoes(龙卷风) are responsible for 80 deaths and more than 1, 500 injuries each year. Although they happen quite frequently, tornadoes are difficult to predict. Why Tornadoes develop from storms, but only some storms are likely to become tornadoes. Scientists don't know where and when a storm will touch the ground and turn into a tornado. Today, the warning time for a tornado is usually just 13 minutes. Time Samaras is a storm chaser. His job is to find tornadoes and follow them. When he gets close to a tornado, he puts a special tool called a turtle probe on the ground. This tool measures things like a tornado's temperature, humidity(湿度), and wind speed. With this information, Samaras can learn what causes tornadoes to develop. If meteorologists(气象学家) understand this, they can warn people about tornadoes sooner and save lives. How does Samaras hunt tornadoes It's not easy. First, he has to find one. Tornadoes are too small to see using weather satellites. So Samaras can't rely on these tools to find a tornado. Instead, he waits for tornadoes to develop. Every May and June, Samaras drives about 40，000 kilometers across an area known as Tornado Alley, looking and hoping to spot a tornado. Once Samaras sees a tornado, the chase begins. But a tornado is hard to follow. Some tornadoes change direction several times -- for example, moving east and then west and then east again. When Samaras finally gets near a tornado, he puts the turtle probe on the ground. Being this close to a tornado is terrifying. Debris(碎片) is flying in the air. Then wind is blowing at high speed. He must get away quickly. The work is risky, even for a skilled chaser like Samaras. But danger won't stop his hunt for the perfect storm. 5. What do we know about tornadoes A. They can be predicted by satellites. B. They usually come down in winter. C. The warning time for them is very short. D. They often develop into storms. 6. A turtle probe is used to ________． A. predict tornadoes B. collect information about tornadoes C. chase tornadoes D. decrease the power of tornadoes 7. The third paragraph is mainly about ________． A. how tornadoes develop B. how the turtle probe works C. how powerful Tornado Alley is D. how Samaras chases a tornado 8. According to the text, the job of a tornado chaser is ________． A. difficult and dangerous B. stressful and troublesome C. mysterious and interesting D. exciting and popular 【答案】ABCD CBDA IV. 七选五 Mountains of smoke and fire Deep under the Earth's surface, it's so hot that even rock melts. Sometimes this molten rock, called “magma”， is pushed up to the surface. __1__ And the opening or vent that lets the lava out is a volcano. A volcano may explode violently, throwing out rocks for miles around. __2__ Some volcanoes release clouds of poisonous gas or huge clouds of ash. Volcanoes can even do all these things underwater. Most volcanoes have been around for a very long time. Many haven't erupted for years and have cooled off. Volcanoes that are not going to erupt again are called “dead volcanoes”. Some volcanoes still give off smoke. These “sleeping volcanoes” may “wake up” one day and erupt again. __3__ But one day in AD 79 it suddenly woke up. Its eruption threw out hot ash and rocky fragments(碎片) that buried the city of Pompeii. A hot mud flow buried nearby Herculaneum. Because the remains are so well preserved, the area has been named a World Heritage site. But not all volcanoes are destructive. When a volcano throws out vast amounts of lava and debris(岩屑), it piles up into a mountain. __4__ Other volcanoes help provide heat and energy. Many Icelandic homes get their hot water from springs heated by volcanic steam. __5__ Plants grow very well in the rich soil left by volcanoes. And valuable gems, such as diamonds, can sometimes be found in the rocks that are thrown out by volcanoes. A. At this point it is referred to as “lava”． B. The molten rock is formed inside the Earth. C. This steam can also be used to produce electricity. D. Mount Vesuvius in Italy slept for a thousand years. E. Or it may push lava out so that it flows away, cools and hardens. F. Japan has many active volcanoes within its narrow national territory. G. The Hawaiian Islands and the island of Iceland were created in this way. 【答案】AEDGC 单元单词默写 ____________ n. 飓风 ____________ n. 会议，研讨会； 讨论，商谈 ____________ n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊 ____________ vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓 ____________ n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控 制力；能力；能量；力量 ____________ 用完，耗尽 ____________ n. 补给，补给品；供应； 供应量，储备 vt. 供应，供给，提供 ____________ vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血） ____________ n. 慈善机构（组织）；慈善， 施舍；仁爱，宽容 ____________ n. 全体职工；管理人员 vt. 在……工作，任职于 ____________ n. 投影片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi. & vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入 ____________ n. 资金；基金 ____________ n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vt. & vi. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 ____________ adv. 在楼下，往楼下 n. 楼下 ____________ n. 文件，公文；（计算机中的）文档 ____________ n.（爱称）亲爱的；蜂蜜 ____________ adv. 否则，不然；除此以外 ____________ adj. 好奇的；奇特的 ____________ adj. 古罗马的；罗马的 n. 古罗马人；罗马人 ____________ vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；突然 发生 ____________ vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 ____________ n. 目的地，终点 ____________ n. 酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏 杆；障碍 vt. 封；阻挡；阻止 ____________ n. 进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt. 进口，引进 ____________ n. 出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt. 出口，输出 ____________ n. 港口，避风港；港口城市 ____________ adj. 高耸入云 的，耸入云霄的 ____________ adj. 覆盖着灰的；灰色的 ____________ n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi. 开始；开始清楚 ____________ n. 火山 ____________ 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 ____________ n. 树干 ____________ adj. 难耐的，无法 忍受的 ____________ 突然开始，爆发 ____________ adv. 在（或向）较远处；在另一边 prep. 在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 ____________ n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 ____________ 到处，各处 ____________ n. 图案，花样；模式；范例； 模型 ____________ n. 柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 ____________ n. & vt. 救援，营救，抢救 ____________ adj. 灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 ____________ vt. 找出……的准确位置；把安置在（或建造于） 43. ____________ vi. & vt. 退休，退职 hurricane conference shock scare power run out of supply donate charity staff slide fund flood downstairs document honey otherwise curious Roman erupt unearth destination bar import export port cloud-capped ashy dawn volcano take the form of trunk unbearable break out beyond distance far and wide pattern column rescue sharp locate retire
