人教版（2019） 选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing “it”用法总结课件（39张）

(共39张PPT)
it的用法
Grammar
㈠ 代词
1.it作人称代词
1).it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:
He bought a book and gave it to me.
2).可以用来指动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人：
It’s lovely.
Who is it
3).也可指抽象事物:
It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that．
4).用于代替指示代词this 和that。
---Is this jacket yours ---Yes, it is.
2.非人称代词
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境、距离等，称为非人称的it：
1).指天气：
It is a lovely day, isn’t it
It is a bit windy.
2).指时间:
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3).指环境:
It was very quiet in the café.
4).指距离：
It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre.
㈡.it的重要句型
1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ...　 　
　 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在that前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。
如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
结构：
It is (was)+被强调部分+that/who +句子其它成分
① It was I that/who saw Tom yesterday here．
② It was Tom that /who I saw yesterday here．
③ It was yesterday that I saw Tom here．
④ It was here that I saw Tom yesterday．
结论：
强调句中，当去掉it is (was)….that/who 后，把被强调成分还原到原来位置，句子仍然完整。
I saw Tom yesterday here.
强调句与定语从句的区别
It was in 1945 World war II ended.
It was 1945 world war II ended.
It was in 1945 World war II ended.
World war II ended in 1945.
It was 1945 world war II ended.
that
when
2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调时间状语，译成汉语＂直到......才......＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
=It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
3.
It is clear /obvious/ true/ possible/ certain...+that ...
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。
常译为＂...是清楚的/显然的/真的/肯定的＂　
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. 　　
= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
4. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that ...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型；这几个形容词，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well. 　　
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
It's strange that he knows nothing about it.
5. It is said (reported， learned....) that ...
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。
该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉）......＂。 　　
It is said that he has come to Beijing. 　　
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
6. It is suggested/ordered/demanded/insisted/
commanded...+ that ...
该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + do），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令...） 　　
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 　
It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...
该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）,should可省去。表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.
It is a pity that he is ill.
8. It is (high) time that ...
该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气.
值得注意的是后面可以用两种形式。
① 常用过去时态（did）表示虚拟．
② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，
常译为＂是（正是）...的时侯＂ 　　
It is time that children should go to bed. 　　
= It is time that children went to bed.
9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...
该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换。
常译为＂这是第一（二）...次做某事＂。
It is the first time that sb have done sth.
It was the first time that sb had done sth.
It is the first time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been here.
10. It is / has been +一段时间+ since ...
自从……已经……
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。
　　
It is / has been 5 years since his father died.
11. It is ... when ...
该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。
常译为＂当......的时候，是......＂ 　　
It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
12. It wasn't / won't be long before ...
没过多久就/很快…
It was/ will be+时间段+ before ...
过……时间才……
It was two hours before the fireman arrived here.
It was not five minutes before the fireman arrived here.
It will be several years before he comes back.
It won't be long before we meet again.
13. It happens (seems，appears) that...
该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。
It happened that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧......
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
看来......
14. It takes sb. ... to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，
常译为＂做......要花费某人......＂。 　　
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
15. It is no good /use doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语也可以是 not any good ，not any use 。
　　
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
16. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语性格品质特征的形容词。
常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good ( 好心的) , honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , polite, rude , silly , stupid ,wise 等。
这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 　
It is kind of you to help me.
= You are kind to help me.
17. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.
该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。
常见的形容词有：important， necessary， natural , easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。
It is important for her to come to the party.
= It is important that she (should ) come to the party.
18. It looks /seems as if ...
该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。
常译为，＂看起来好像......＂
如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。
It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）　
It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）
It seemed as if he were dying.
19. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。
6指主句中常用的动词： think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；
1指的是形式宾语it； 　
2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
主语+ think+ it+___或____+　_________．
___
__________.
consider
find
make
believe
feel
n.
adj.
that-clause
v-ing
to do sth.
I think it best that you should do more exercise.
He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.
She thought it no use arguing with the man.
We made it a rule that the office should be cleaned by turns..
Practice
1.We make ______ a rule that you must be quiet when you enter the classroom at 6:15 p.m.
2. I think it necessary _________ (have) a better understanding of the use of it.
3.Finally he found it a waste of time _______(play)
computer games for a long time at weekend.
4. I would appreciate ____if you could take my application into consideration.
it
to have
playing
it
it作形式宾语的特殊句型
结构动词+ it + if/that/when
动词有喜欢类：enjoy, like, appreciate, prefer
讨厌类：hate, dislike
短语： see to， depend on
I would appreciate it if you can offer me the chance.
I like it when my mother is happy.
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time.
I'll see to it that all these letters are sent to the post office before twelve.
三、it用在一些固定表达中
1. make it 成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
2. as it is“事实上，实际情况是……”“照原样”
3. that's it“至此为止，没有别的了”“对啦”
4.forget it 别提了，忘了它吧
5.You guessed it 你猜着了
6. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)“继续做，不放弃”
7. Take it/things easy. “不要慌，别担心，沉住气”
8. Worth it 表示“有好处, 值得做”
　
　　
　
9. Believe it or not. 信不信由你
10. Take it or leave it. 要么接受要么放弃
11. It all depends/that all depends
那得看情况/视情况而定
12. It's up to sb. 由……决定，取决于……
13.As someone puts it, ... 像某人所说的那样
14. take it for granted 认为理所当然
15.It doesn’t matter 没关系
口诀：
代词 it 本意它, 既可指这又指那;
时间天气均可指, 谈到距离也用它;
假主假宾均可做, 强调句型跟that。
Summary
巩固练习
I. 选用括号内合适的单词填空。
1. It was only after she had begun to carry out
the task ________ (that, when) Mary realized
it was extremely difficult to complete.
2. ___ (It, As) is our belief that we can make a
good life if we work hard.
3. ___ (It, What) is suggested that parents
should pay more attention to their children’s
inner world.
that
It
It
4. As a matter of fact, _____ (that, it) is not
failure itself, but what we think of failure and
what we do afterwards that counts.
5. —Do you still drive your Ford car
—No, I sold ____ (it, that) two years ago.
6. You must keep ____ (it, what) in mind
that you can never be too careful when
proofreading the newspaper.
7. Will ____ (that, it) be convenient for you
to start work tomorrow
it
it
it
it
8. ______ (There, It) is no doubt that the
visiting team, which has better players, will
win the match.
9. —I don’t think I can work out the maths
problem. It’s too difficult.
—Think it over, and perhaps you will make
________ (it, that).
There
it
I. 单项选择
1. He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
(天津)
A. this B. that C. it D. these
2. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江)
A. As B. That C. This D. It
高考实例
3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ______ didn’t help. (全国卷III)
A. it B. she C. which D. he
4. I’d appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
5. It is two years __ I joined the army.
A. before B. since
C. that D. after
6. It was two years ago __ I joined the army.
A. before B. since
C. that D. after
7. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.
A. while B. which
C. that D. since
8. ___ is the fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This
C. That D. It
See you later