2022年人教版九年级中考语法讲解和练习-感叹句、祈使句、动词的作用（无答案）

2022年人教版九年级中考语法讲解和练习
感叹句、祈使句、动词的作用
感叹句
是用来表达对某人或者某事的感叹, 可以表达人的喜怒哀乐等感彩。感叹句可以是一个单词，一个不定式，一个由短语构成的独立句。也可以是由what或者how引导的句子。（中考阶段重点在于what或者how引导的重句）
结构：1. How + adj./adv + the + 主语 + 谓语
How beautiful the weather is!
2. What + (a/an) + 名词（可数单数/可数复数/不可数） + （主语+谓语）
What a lovely baby (he/she is)!
祈使句
祈使句表示命令，请求，建议或者劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或者句号，读降调。
1.肯定的祈使句
（1）句型：以动词原形开头，省略主语。
Come in! 进来！ Be quiet! 安静！
（2）有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前面加上do，表示“务必，一定”
Do try your best on the exam. 一定要在考试时全力以赴。
Do bring your umbrella with you when you go out. 你出去时一定要带上雨伞。
2.否定的祈使句
句型：（1）Don’t + 动词原形。
Don’t be late. 不要迟到 Don’t come out. 不要出去。
（2）Let’s + not + 动词原形。
Let’s not play football on the street.
Let’s not put too much pressure on our children.
（二）祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
1.在意思较为明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省去。
This way, please.
2.某些名词，形容词或者副词等后面加感叹号，也可以作为祈使句使用。
Hands up! 请举手！
Taxi! 出租车！
对点训练
( ) 1. _____ fine day it is! Let’s go for a walk at the beach, shall we
A.What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 2. Jason managed to rescue a baby boy out of a big fire. ___ great courage he showed!
A.What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 3. _____ good advice! It’s so helpful to me.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 4. _____ exciting news! We will have a holiday after the exam.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 5. _____ nice hat it is!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 6. I found the solution within such a short time! _____ useful information it was!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 7. _____ delicious food my mother cooks every day!
A. What B. What C. How D. How a
( ) 8. –_____ amazing the program The Voice of China is!
– Yes. There are _____ many people who like to watch it.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
( ) 9. ___ to smile at your life when you are in trouble, and you will soon be happy again.
A.Try B. To try C. Trying D. Tried
( ) 10. John, _____ up now or we will miss the earliest bus.
A.get B. getting C. got D. to get
( ) 11. _____ the building quickly, but _____ use the lift.
A. Leave; don’t B. Leave; not C. Leaving; don’t D. Leaving; don’t
( ) 12. Today is Joyce’s birthday. Let’s _____ for her birthday.
A.make a card B. making a card C. to make a card D. made a card
( ) 13. –I’m going to Hainan with my aunt for my holiday after the exam. –_____.
A.Have a good time B. It doesn’t matter
C. You are welcome D. Thanks a lot
( ) 14. Let’s not _____ loudly in the library.
A.speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke
( ) 15. Don’t _____ behind the door. I have seen you already.
A. hiding B. hide C. hid D. to hide
动词的作用
一、 动词不定式：to do 形式 / not to do(否定形式)
“不定式”这个名称很有意义。首先，动词不定式的词类“不定”，也就是当名词、形容词、副词使用都可以。其次，它的语气“不定”，而时态中具有不确定性的只有将来时态，所以它一般带有将来的意味。
当名词
a. 作主语
To read in the sun is bad for your eyes. （动词不定式作主语，谓语是单数）
It’s difficult for us to climb the top of the mountain in two hours.
（It 是形式主语，to do 才是真正的主语）
b. 作宾语（重点）
作谓语动词的宾语：I decide to buy some useful books for my study.
相同情况还有以下动词短语：
want to do sth would like to do sth like to do sth
offer to do sth plan to do sth try to do sth
refuse to do sth expect to do sth forget to do sth
remember to do sth
不定式和疑问词连用作宾语：I don’t know where to go. （where to/when to/what to/how to do/which to…）
2. 当形容词
a. 作补语：如：want sb to do sth. / His work is to clean the hallway.
【注】：英语中，一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：make，have，let；五看：see，watch，look at，observe，notice；半帮助：help（指其后的不定式可带可不带to），这些动词后，如跟不定式作补语，则在主动语态中，不定式不带to，但在被动语态中要带to（为什么？）。
b. 作定语：We have much work to do every day.
当副词
作状语：Ben left for Canada to have a holiday. （目的状语）
He is too short to reach the apples on the tree.（结果状语）
【补充】：in order to；in order that；so that；so…that
二、V+ ing 形式
1. 动名词：
a. 作主语: Reading is good for us. (动名词作主语，谓语用单数)
b. 作宾语：
avoid doing sth mind doing sth finish doing sth
like doing sth practice doing sth keep doing sth
enjoy doing sth 介词+doing sth
pay attention to doing sth be(get)used to doing sth look forward to doing sth
be busy doing sth feel like doing sth can’t help doing sth
have trouble (problems) doing sth have fun doing sth stop sb. from doing sth
spend ..(in)doing sth what/how about doing sth
2. 现在分词
a. 作宾语补足语: I saw him singing outside.
b. 作定语: The boy swimming there is my cousin.
【补充】：watch/notice/see/hear sb doing sth 强调正在做
对点专练
( ) 1. –I’m too busy _____ to my family.
–Why not call them instead
A. writing B. to write C. written D. write
( ) 2. –What are on show in the museum
–Some pictures _______ by the Africans.
A. drawing B. drawn C. drew D. were drawn
( ) 3. –The boy was seen _____ his bike a moment ago.
–I am sorry to hear that.
A. fell off B. to fall off C. fall off D. to fall down
( ) 4. There’re so many beautiful presents in the shop that I don’t know _______.
A. to choose which one B. what choose
C. which one to choose D. to choose what
( ) 5. What is the best way do you think ______ the wild animals
A. protecting B. to protecting C. protected D. to protect
( ) 6. –The little boy was made _______ English for another hour. –Poor boy!
A. read B. reading C. reads D. to read
( ) 7. Boys, don’t forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.
A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close
( ) 8. He made it _______ for people ______ the computers by inventing new software.
A. easy, use B. easy, using C. easily, to use D. easier, to use
( ) 9. –Would you please try _______ late again –Sorry, I won’t be late again.
A. not to be B. to be not C. not be D. be
( ) 10. Have you got anything _______
A. to open the box B. opening the box with
C. opening the box D. to open the box with
( ) 11. We must try our best to stop the pollution _______ a happier life.
A. from living B. to live C. living D. live
( ) 12. We can’t help crying after _______ the sad news.
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear
( ) 13. –Would you mind _______ for a few minutes –No, not at all.
A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting
( ) 14. –I often use Hot-mail to send e-mails.
–Really Would you please show me_______ it
A. how can I use B. what can I use
C. how to use D. what to use
( ) 15 . Did you hear her _______ in the next room just now
A. singing B. sing C. to sing D. sang
( ) 16. How long does it take you _______ your homework every evening
A. finish doing B. finishing to do C. to finish doing D. finish to do