Unit 1 Book 6 Art 自主学习学案（一） 2013.2.18
Ⅰ. Complete the sentences according to the text.
1. 因此，本文只谈及从公元6世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。
C_______________, this text will describe only the most important ones, ________ _______ the sixth century AD.
2. 在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。
_________ the Middle Ages, the main ______ of painters was _____ __________ religious themes.
3. 一个传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。
A c__________________ artist of this period was not interested in showing _________ and people as they really were.
4. 但是, 很显然到了13世纪时,观念发生变化, 像乔托这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
But it was e______________ that ideas were changing in the 13th century ______ painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes ______ _____ _______ ___________ _______.
5. 人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。
People began to _______________ less _____ religious themes and ________ a more ___________ attitude ______ life.
6. 富人们想拥有自己的艺术品并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。
Rich people wanted to ____________ their owning paintings, so they could ___________ their ___________ palaces and great houses.
7. 当人们第一次看到他的画时,还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景,并对此深信不疑。
When people first saw his paintings, they were _______________ that they were looking _________ a hole in a wall ______ a real scene.
8. 如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
If the rules of _______________ ______ not ______ discovered, no one ________ _____ _____ able to paint such ____________ pictures. _____ ______________, oil paints were also developed at this time, _________ made the colours used in paintings look _________ and __________.
9. 没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。
___________ the new paints and the new ____________, we ___________ not be able to see the many great _______________ for which this period is famous.
10. 印象派画家急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。
The _______________ were _________ _____ show how light and ___________ fell on objects at different times of day.
11. 他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心、粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。
They said that the painters were ___________ and their paintings were ______________.
12. 一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的；而另一方面，有些却是那么写实。
____ ______ ______ ________, some modern art is ________________; _____ ______ _______ __________, some paintings are so _______________.
Ⅱ. Learn words by yourself, especially these key words.
abstract adj The word “hunger” is an abstract noun. 抽象的；{另：（艺术）抽象派的}
v. They abstract salt from seawater. 提取；抽取
n. please write an abstract of this scientific article. 摘要，梗概
（abstract尤用于学术性的或法律方面的文章概要；summa指用简明的语言把一篇文章、一本书等的重要内容或主旨加以概述）
aim n. What’s your aim in working so hard 目的，目标（可数）
vi. This book aims at giving a general outline of the subject. 以…为目的；目的是
Harry aims to become a computedr expert. 打算
vi/ vt. He aimed (his gun) at the target, fired and missed it. 瞄准
固定用语：be aimed at目标是；旨在
These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.
with the aim of为了……
She went to London with the aim of finding a good job.
adopt vt. I liked your idea and adopted it. 采取，采用，采纳
As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan.收养
adapt The dinosaurs disappeared because they could not adapt to their changing environment. （适应）
coincidence n. It was a coincidence that he was born on his mother’s birthday. 巧合；巧事
by coincidence By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.巧合地 (=by accident)
shadow The shadows of the trees grew longer as the afternoon went on. 影子
shade Keep in the shade; it’s cooler.
Shadow指物体遮住了阳光后投下的影子，具有特定的形状
Shade常指强烈阳光达不到的地方，也就是阴凉之处，它没有特定的形状。
attemp v She attempted to get in touch with her former classmates.尝试
The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed. (vt.)企图
n. She made an attempt on the world record.
appeal to: The Korean TV series of love stories appeal to mainly girls and women. 对…有
吸引力
He kept working for two days without any good outcome, and decided to appeal to the teacher. 向…求助：
appeal to sb for sth; appeal to sb to do sth呼吁，恳求
The government is appealing to people to save water and power.
figure n. He made a figure of Santa Claus. 画像
Jacky Chan is an international figure. 人物
In 2008, the figure of unemployed people rose to 14 million. 数字
She had a balanced diet and exercised frequently to keep a good figure. 身材
v. figure out: We are trying to figure out why people respond to the disease in such a way.
On the one hand, …; on the other (hand) 一方面…另一方面
常常引出不同的，尤其是对立的观点、思想等。
On the one hand, they’d love to have kids but on the other, they don’t want to give up freedom.
predict-prediction (make a prediction about…)
civil adj.公民的，民用的 civilize vn. 使文明化 civilization n.文明
prefer-preference n. 偏好，偏爱
A polar bear has/shows an obvious preference for cold weather.
Most of Americans drink coffee in preference to tea.Unit 1 Book 6 Art 自主学习学案（二） 2013.2.19
一、课文填空：根据对课文的理解，完成下面的短文，每空只填一个单词。
Art is influented by the customs and ____________ of a people. Western artistic styles have changed many times.
A(n) conventional artist only drew pictures related to _____________ themes in the Middle Ages. In the Remainssance, artists tried to paint people and nature as they really are. The rich wanted to _____________ their own paintings to decorate their superb palaces and great houses. By ______________, new oil paints made the colors look richer and deeper. In the late 19 century, some painters broke away from traditional style of painting, but their paintings were considered _____________ by people. However, those paintings are accepted as the beginning of modern art. Who can _____________ what painting styles there will be in the future
二、选词填空
A aim typical adopt attempt figure appeal
Liu Xiang is ready to begin his 2011 season as he gets set to take part in the men's 60m hurdles in Dusseldorf, Germany on Friday. For Liu, the _________ of this event is not so much about winning as it is about finding out where he is at, healthwise(由健康的观点来说). "I hope my training can be tested through these races... This is what the competition is for." Liu Xiang said
Any news about Liu’s competition ________ to many ________ Chinese, who are very tolerant and hopeful. In 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, we didn’t see the _________ of “China’s Flying Man”. A large number of his fans couldn’t _________ the fact. However, Liu performed well in the Asian Games .He returned to his own stage again and after many _________, he succeeded in being the man he wants to be.
B abstract specific delicate fragrant contemporary permanent
1. A mother's love is ___________.
2. ___________ plants must be protected from cold winds and frost.
3. We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is __________.
4. The bookshelf is piled up with works by ___________writers such as Jia PingWa.
5. The money is to be used for one ___________ purpose: the building of the new library.
6. He noticed a beautiful garden and said. "How lovely and ___________ these flowers are."
三、完成句子
1. 她偏好蓝色而我更喜欢绿色。
She has a __________ for blue _________ I like green better.
2.政府呼吁人们对目前的冲突保持冷静。
The government ___________ _____ people for calmness over the present conflict. ( file: / / / C:\\Program%20Files\\Youdao\\DeskDict2\\resultui\\queryresult.html" \o "点击发音 )
3.最近雨水很多。It has rained _____ ________ ________ recently.高二英语虚拟语气学案 2013.2.20
概述：虚拟句用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、提议或推测。确切地说，虚拟句专门用来表达说话人根据主观愿望或看法，幻想要实现根本不可能或很难实现的事情。
用虚拟句的目的：
表示与客观事实相反的假设
我要是你，我就去向他道歉。
If I ________ you, I would apologize to him.
表示一种强烈而又不能实现的主观愿望。
我多么希望有一架属于自己的飞机呀！
How I wish that I had a plane of my own!
要是从一开始我们就没有卷入其中就好啦！
____ _____ we hadn’t involved in it at the very beginning!
表示主观推测
要是波利激动起来，他可能会马上走开。
If Polly got excited, he would leave immediately.
表示提议、建议或语气不肯定
My suggestion is that the thief should be sent to the police.
表示语法规定的需要
It is important that the work should be done today.
表示良好的祝愿
Long live our friendship! God bless you!
虚拟句的主要用法：
虚拟句多用if引出条件从句
与现在事实相反，表条件的从句一般用动词过去式，表示结果的主句一般用should/would do/be。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义）
If he ______(be) here, I ________ (ask) him for advice.
If I ________ (no have) such a headache, why ______ I ______ (take) the medicine
与过去事实相反，虚拟条件句表达与过去客观事实相反或主观意愿，从句一般用had done，主句用should/ would have done。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义）
If you ____________(go) to meet me at the station yesterday, I _________________ (not lose) my way.
If it ____________(not be) for your constant help, he __________________ (fail) in the experiment.
与将来事实可能相反的推测条件句。对于未来的事情，很难肯定说是与事实相反，只能表明说话人主观上认为或判断某件事发生的可能性不大。表示条件的从句一般用should do，表示结果的主句采用should/ would do。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义） （条件句中谓语还可以用were to + do， 但用法比较次要。）
If there ___________(be) a flood, what ________ the villagers _______(do)
If he ____________(come), I ___________(ask) him to wait here.
If I were to tell you all I know, you would be angry.
表示与将来事实可能相反的推测条件句，主句的结果可以是说话人对未来发生事情所做的一种有准备的打算、劝告和鼓励，并非是根据从句推测出来的，所以其主句还可以用陈述语气和祈使语气。
If there should be any difficulty, try to conquer it yourself.
If you should meet with any difficulty, I shall help you.
引导词if的省略
在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有were, should,和had这样的系动词和助动词，可以省略if，但是必须用倒装句。如果从句用否定词，否定词必须放在主语的后面。
If he were in your place, he would also do the same thing.
→_______ he in your place, he would also do the same thing.
If you should change your mind, give me a phone call.
→__________________________________________.
If it had not been for him, we __________________ (lose) the chance.
→_______________________________________________________.
含蓄条件句和含蓄结果句
虚拟条件句经常是不完整的。有时只有结果的主句而省略了条件从句或将条件从句暗含在上下文或各类词、短语中，这类条件句叫含蓄条件句。有时只有条件的从句而省略了主句，这叫做含蓄结果句。
I would never have done such a thing. (省略if I were you)
Without guidance they would not be able to go through the forest.
(在without guidance短语中含有if they were not guided)
You might have taken all the things away. (条件句暗含在上下文中)
If Lei Feng were alive!
If only the snow had stopped! （雪要是停了多好啊！）
If I had only known! （我早知道就好了！）
其他主从复合句所包含的虚拟句
通过主语从句表达的虚拟句
在用it作形式主语的主语从句中，即it is +形容词 + that…句型里，从句的谓语形式经常使用虚拟语气，动词形式常用should do。
It is necessary that all should be present at the meeting in time.
It is requested that we should be ready to start out at any time.
在it is (high) time…中
在该句型中，由于句子意义主要表示说话人提议的主观看法，通常要用虚拟句来完成。动词形式一般用过去式did或should。
It is high time all of us did some real things.
It is time you should take place of me.
通过宾语从句表达的虚拟句
在这样的虚拟句中，主句谓语动词通常表示说话人的主观要求、愿望、建议、命令和遗憾等。主句谓语动词常有command(命令), order, suggest, recommend(推荐), demand, propose(建议), request, require, insist, wish, desire(要求)等。从句使用should +do, should可以省略。（口语中这些动词也可以使用陈述语气。）
They demanded that the machine _____________(repair) right now.
* would rather后的宾语从句用一般过去式表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示过去做的事。
I’d rather we ________ (have) a rest now.
I’d rather you _____________(tell) him the news that day.
通过表语从句表达的虚拟句
主句的主语如果是表示抽象概念的名词（如wish, suggestion, aim, order, requirement, desire, decision, arrangement等），从句中的谓语动词就要用虚拟语气，用(should) +动词原形。
His strongest wish is that his son should continue what he has been doing all his life.
The decision is that you should be given disciplinary punishment.(纪律处分)
如果主语是抽象概念的名词，但意义并非反映说话人的主观看法，而是一个客观事实，从句应该用陈述语气。
The question is that we haven’t enough hands up till now.
The trouble is that we can not get in touch with them.
* 主句中的谓语动词如果是be，look, seem等，后面引出表语从句的连接词可以使用as if或as though, 动词形式可以用did或had done.
I feel as if I __________(be) here for a hundred years.
It seems to me as if you had been lying all the time.
通过同位语从句表达的虚拟句
在抽象名词如order, wish ,suggestion, decision, advice等词的后面跟同位语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，与上面的表语从句用法相似。
The doctor has given his advice that the patient __________ (have) a bath every day.
as if 或as though引出的状语从句通常使用虚拟句。但如果说话人将as if或as though引出的从句内容看作是事实，则谓语动词也可以用陈述语气。
* 看下面的句子，总结谓语动词的用法：
The old couple loved Roland as if he were their own son.
He talks as though he had joined in the battle.
He behaved well as if he had had plenty of determination.
Jerry speaks as though he were a VIP.
(如果从句的谓语动作与主句所表示的时间相同，从句就用动词___________形式)
(如果从句的谓语动作发生在主句之前，从句就用动词___________形式)
虚拟条件句可以被某些句子成分代替
用介词短语代替:But for your warm-heartedness, he wouldn’t be alive today.
Without her mother to raise her, she could not have sat up.
用分词短语代替: Given an opportunity, he might have become a hopeful poet.
Time permitting, I would go to see some classmates.
虚拟语气练习
1. ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't
2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _______.
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy
3. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he
_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
5. If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
6. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention __ at the meeting. A. to be discussed B. being discussed C. discussed D. be discussed
7. --The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______. www./gaokao/beijing
A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died www./gaokao/beijing
8. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy__.
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
9. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
10. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
11. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
12. Jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not
13. It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
14. Without your help, our team ___ the last match.
A. won’t win B. will lose C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win
15. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
16. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. is
17. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan.
A. shouldn’t agree B. wouldn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. didn’t agree高二英语虚拟语气学案 2013.2.20
概述：虚拟句用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假设、提议或推测。确切地说，虚拟句专门用来表达说话人根据主观愿望或看法，幻想要实现根本不可能或很难实现的事情。
用虚拟句的目的：
1. 表示与客观事实相反的假设
我要是你，我就去向他道歉。
If I __were______ you, I would apologize to him.
2. 表示一种强烈而又不能实现的主观愿望。
我多么希望有一架属于自己的飞机呀！
How I wish that I had a plane of my own!
要是从一开始我们就没有卷入其中就好啦！
_If___ __only___ we hadn’t involved in it at the very beginning!
3. 表示主观推测
要是波利激动起来，他可能会马上走开。
If Polly got excited, he would leave immediately.
4. 表示提议、建议或语气不肯定
My suggestion is that the thief should be sent to the police.
5. 表示语法规定的需要
It is important that the work should be done today.
6. 表示良好的祝愿
Long live our friendship! God bless you!
虚拟句的主要用法：
1. 虚拟句多用if引出条件从句
（1） 与现在事实相反，表条件的从句一般用动词过去式，表示结果的主句一般用should/would do/be。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义）
If he __were____(be) here, I __would ask___ (ask) him for advice.
If I __hadn’t__ (no have) such a headache, why _should_ I _take__ (take) the medicine
（2） 与过去事实相反，虚拟条件句表达与过去客观事实相反或主观意愿，从句一般用had done，主句用should/ would have done。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义）
If you __had_gone__(go) to meet me at the station yesterday, I ___would not have lost____ (not lose) my way.
If it __hadn’t been____(not be) for your constant help, he ___would have failed___ (fail) in the experiment.
（3） 与将来事实可能相反的推测条件句。对于未来的事情，很难肯定说是与事实相反，只能表明说话人主观上认为或判断某件事发生的可能性不大。表示条件的从句一般用should do，表示结果的主句采用should/ would do。（也可以用情态动词could, might表达出情态意义） （条件句中谓语还可以用were to + do， 但用法比较次要。）
If there __should be___(be) a flood, what __should____ the villagers ___do____(do)
If he _were to come___(come), I _would ask___(ask) him to wait here.
If I were to tell you all I know, you would be angry.
表示与将来事实可能相反的推测条件句，主句的结果可以是说话人对未来发生事情所做的一种有准备的打算、劝告和鼓励，并非是根据从句推测出来的，所以其主句还可以用陈述语气和祈使语气。
If there should be any difficulty, try to conquer it yourself.
If you should meet with any difficulty, I shall help you.
（4） 引导词if的省略
在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有were, should,和had这样的系动词和助动词，可以省略if，但是必须用倒装句。如果从句用否定词，否定词必须放在主语的后面。
If he were in your place, he would also do the same thing.
→_Were__ he in your place, he would also do the same thing.
If you should change your mind, give me a phone call.
→__Should you change your mind, give me a phone call..
If it had not been for him, we __would have lost___ (lose) the chance.
→_ Had it not been for him, we would have lost the chance.
2. 含蓄条件句和含蓄结果句
虚拟条件句经常是不完整的。有时只有结果的主句而省略了条件从句或将条件从句暗含在上下文或各类词、短语中，这类条件句叫含蓄条件句。有时只有条件的从句而省略了主句，这叫做含蓄结果句。
I would never have done such a thing. (省略if I were you)
Without guidance they would not be able to go through the forest.
(在without guidance短语中含有if they were not guided)
You might have taken all the things away. (条件句暗含在上下文中)
If Lei Feng were alive!
If only the snow had stopped! （雪要是停了多好啊！）
If I had only known! （我早知道就好了！）
3. 其他主从复合句所包含的虚拟句
（1） 通过主语从句表达的虚拟句
在用it作形式主语的主语从句中，即it is +形容词 + that…句型里，从句的谓语形式经常使用虚拟语气，动词形式常用should do。
It is necessary that all should be present at the meeting in time.
It is requested that we should be ready to start out at any time.
（2） 在it is (high) time…中
在该句型中，由于句子意义主要表示说话人提议的主观看法，通常要用虚拟句来完成。动词形式一般用过去式did或should。
It is high time all of us did some real things.
It is time you should take place of me.
（3） 通过宾语从句表达的虚拟句
在这样的虚拟句中，主句谓语动词通常表示说话人的主观要求、愿望、建议、命令和遗憾等。主句谓语动词常有command(命令), order, suggest, recommend(推荐), demand, propose(建议), request, require, insist, wish, desire(要求)等。从句使用should +do, should可以省略。（口语中这些动词也可以使用陈述语气。）
They demanded that the machine __(should) be repaired___(repair) right now.
* would rather后的宾语从句用一般过去式表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示过去做的事。
I’d rather we __had___ (have) a rest now.
I’d rather you _have told__(tell) him the news that day.
（4） 通过表语从句表达的虚拟句
主句的主语如果是表示抽象概念的名词（如wish, suggestion, aim, order, requirement, desire, decision, arrangement等），从句中的谓语动词就要用虚拟语气，用(should) +动词原形。
His strongest wish is that his son should continue what he has been doing all his life.
The decision is that you should be given disciplinary punishment.(纪律处分)
如果主语是抽象概念的名词，但意义并非反映说话人的主观看法，而是一个客观事实，从句应该用陈述语气。
The question is that we haven’t enough hands up till now.
The trouble is that we can not get in touch with them.
* 主句中的谓语动词如果是be，look, seem等，后面引出表语从句的连接词可以使用as if或as though, 动词形式可以用did或had done.
I feel as if I __had been__(be) here for a hundred years.
It seems to me as if you had been lying all the time.
（5） 通过同位语从句表达的虚拟句
在抽象名词如order, wish ,suggestion, decision, advice等词的后面跟同位语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，与上面的表语从句用法相似。
The doctor has given his advice that the patient __should have__ (have) a bath every day.
（6） as if 或as though引出的状语从句通常使用虚拟句。但如果说话人将as if或as though引出的从句内容看作是事实，则谓语动词也可以用陈述语气。
* 看下面的句子，总结谓语动词的用法：
The old couple loved Roland as if he were their own son.
He talks as though he had joined in the battle.
He behaved well as if he had had plenty of determination.
Jerry speaks as though he were a VIP.
(如果从句的谓语动作与主句所表示的时间相同，从句就用动词__一般过去时_形式)
(如果从句的谓语动作发生在主句之前，从句就用动词_had+过去分词___形式)
4. 虚拟条件句可以被某些句子成分代替
用介词短语代替:But for your warm-heartedness, he wouldn’t be alive today.
Without her mother to raise her, she could not have sat up.
用分词短语代替: Given an opportunity, he might have become a hopeful poet.
Time permitting, I would go to see some classmates.
虚拟语气练习
C 1. ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't
A 2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _______.
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy
D 3. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
B 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he
_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
B 5. If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
D 6. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention __ at the meeting. A. to be discussed B. being discussed C. discussed D. be discussed
D7. --The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______. www./gaokao/beijing
A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died www./gaokao/beijing
A 8. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy__.
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
D 9. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
D 10. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
B 11. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
C 12. Jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not
B 13. It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
C 14. Without your help, our team ___ the last match.
A. won’t win B. will lose C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win
A 15. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
A 16. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. is
D 17. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan.
A. shouldn’t agree B. wouldn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. didn’t agreeUnit 1 Book 6 Art 自主学习学案（一） 2013.2.18
Ⅰ. Complete the sentences according to the text.
1. 因此，本文只谈及从公元6世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。
C_onsequently__, this text will describe only the most important ones, _starting from____ the sixth century AD.
2. 在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。
__During/In__ the Middle Ages, the main __aim/task____ of painters was _to___represent__ religious themes.
3. 一个传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。
A conventional __ artist of this period was not interested in showing __nature_______ and people as they really were.
4. 但是, 很显然到了13世纪时,观念发生变化, 像乔托这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
But it was evident/obvios/apparent__that ideas were changing in the 13th century _when__ painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way___.
5. 人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。
People began to concentrate/ focus___ less __on___ religious themes and __adopt/take__ a more __humanistic___ attitude __to/toward____ life.
6. 富人们想拥有自己的艺术品并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。
Rich people wanted to _possess__ their own paintings, so they could _decorate___ their _superb__palaces and great houses.
7. 当人们第一次看到他的画时,还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景,并对此深信不疑。
When people first saw his paintings, they were _convinced__ that they were looking __through_ a hole in a wall __ at__ a real scene.
8. 如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。
If the rules of _perspectice had___ not __been____ discovered, no one _would have been___ able to paint such __realistic__ pictures. __By__coincidence____, oil paints were also developed at this time, __which_ made the colours used in paintings look __richer___ and _deeper__.
9. (倘若)没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这个时代著名的杰作。
__But for/ Without__ the new paints and the new _technique___, we __would___ not be able to see the many great _masterpieces___ for which this period is famous.
10. 印象派画家急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。
The _impressionists_ were __eager to___ show how light and _shadow__ fell on objects at different times of day.
11. 他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心、粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。
They said that the painters were __careless___ and their paintings were __ridiculous____.
12. 一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的；而另一方面，有些却是那么写实。
_On__the__one hand _, some modern art is __abstract__; __on _the__other hand__, some paintings are so __realistic__.
Ⅱ. Learn words by yourself, especially these key words.
1. abstract adj The word “hunger” is an abstract noun. 抽象的；{另：（艺术）抽象派的}
v. They abstract salt from seawater. 提取；抽取
n. please write an abstract of this scientific article. 摘要，梗概
（abstract尤用于学术性的或法律方面的文章概要；summary指用简明的语言把一篇文章、一本书等的重要内容或主旨加以概述）
2. aim n. What’s your aim in working so hard 目的，目标（可数）
vi. This book aims at giving a general outline of the subject. 以…为目的；目的是
Harry aims to become a computer expert. 打算
vi/ vt. He aimed (his gun) at the target, fired and missed it. 瞄准
固定用语：be aimed at目标是；旨在
These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.
with the aim of为了……
She went to London with the aim of finding a good job.
3. adopt vt. I liked your idea and adopted it. 采取，采用，采纳
As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan.收养
adapt The dinosaurs disappeared because they could not adapt to their changing environment. （适应）
4. coincidence n. It was a coincidence that he was born on his mother’s birthday. 巧合；巧事
by coincidence By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time.巧合地 (=by accident)
5. shadow The shadows of the trees grew longer as the afternoon went on. 影子
shade Keep in the shade; it’s cooler.
Shadow指物体遮住了阳光后投下的影子，具有特定的形状
Shade常指强烈阳光达不到的地方，也就是阴凉之处，它没有特定的形状。
6. attempt v She attempted to get in touch with her former classmates.尝试
The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed. (vt.)企图
n. She made an attempt on the world record.
7. appeal to: The Korean TV series of love stories appeal to mainly girls and women. 对…有吸引力
He kept working for two days without any good outcome, and decided to appeal to the teacher. 向…求助：(=turn to)
appeal to sb for sth; 为某事恳求某人
appeal to sb to do sth呼吁，恳求(某人做某事)
The government is appealing to people to save water and power.
8. figure n. He made a figure of Santa Claus. 画像
Jacky Chan is an international figure. 人物
In 2008, the figure of unemployed people rose to 14 million. 数字
She had a balanced diet and exercised frequently to keep a good figure. 身材
v. figure out: We are trying to figure out why people respond to the disease in such a way.
9. On the one hand, …; on the other (hand) 一方面…另一方面
常常引出不同的，尤其是对立的观点、思想等。
On the one hand, they’d love to have kids but on the other, they don’t want to give up freedom.
10. predict-prediction (make a prediction about…)
11. civil adj.公民的，民用的 civilize vn. 使文明化 civilization n.文明
12. prefer-preference n. 偏好，偏爱
A polar bear has/shows an obvious preference for cold weather.
Most of Americans drink coffee in preference to tea.Unit 1 Book 6 Art 自主学习学案（二） 2013.2.19
一、课文填空：根据对课文的理解，完成下面的短文，每空只填一个单词。
Art is influenced by the customs and ___faith___ of a people. Western artistic styles have changed many times.
A conventional artist only drew pictures related to ___religious___ themes in the Middle Ages. In the Renainssance, artists tried to paint people and nature as they really are. The rich wanted to __possess__ their own paintings to decorate their superb palaces and great houses. By _coincidence__, new oil paints made the colors look richer and deeper. In the late 19th century, some painters broke away from traditional style of painting, but their paintings were considered __ridiculous___ by people. However, those paintings are accepted as the beginning of modern art. Who can ___predict__ what painting styles there will be in the future
二、选词填空
A aim typical adopt attempt figure appeal
Liu Xiang is ready to begin his 2011 season as he gets set to take part in the men's 60m hurdles in Dusseldorf, Germany on Friday. For Liu, the __aim__ of this event is not so much about winning as it is about finding out where he is at, healthwise(由健康的观点来说). "I hope my training can be tested through these races... This is what the competition is for." Liu Xiang said
Any news about Liu’s competition _appeal__ to many __typical___ Chinese, who are very tolerant and hopeful. In 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, we didn’t see the ___figure__ （身影）of “China’s Flying Man”. A large number of his fans couldn’t __adopt___ the fact. However, Liu performed well in the Asian Games. He returned to his own stage again and after many _attempts__, he succeeded in being the man he wants to be.
B abstract specific delicate fragrant contemporary permanent
1. A mother's love is __permanent____.
2. ___Delicate__ plants must be protected from cold winds and frost.
3. We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is __abstract___.
4. The bookshelf is piled up with works by __contemporary___writers such as Jia PingWa.
5. The money is to be used for one __specific___ purpose: the building of the new library.
6. He noticed a beautiful garden and said. "How lovely and _fragrant__ these flowers are."
三、完成句子
1. 她偏好蓝色而我更喜欢绿色。
She has a __preference__ for blue __while_ I like green better.
2.政府呼吁人们对目前的冲突保持冷静。
The government ___appeals to__ people for calmness over the present conflict. ( file: / / / C:\\Program%20Files\\Youdao\\DeskDict2\\resultui\\queryresult.html" \o "点击发音 )
3.最近雨水很多。It has rained __a_great _deal__ recently.
