Unit6 Earth first-Using language&writing考点精讲&典例示范
【写作指导--劝说信】
文体感知
劝说信的内容来源于我们对生活的感知，是就我们所发现的家庭生活、学校生活或社会生活中的某种现象，向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议的一种应用文体。
增分佳句
1．The reason why the environment is polluted is that we don’t attach great importance to it.
2．I hope you can take what I have said into account.
3．I wish you can realize the importance of environmental protection.
4．In order to solve the problem, we should reduce waste.
5．A recent study shows that people spend most of their spare time on phones.
6．We are concerned that materials will be used up soon.
7．Now people in growing numbers are coming to realize that taking exercise is beneficial to our health.
8．We will spare no efforts to protect our earth.
写作要求
每年的10月31日是联合国确定的“世界勤俭日”。假如你是李华，请针对校园中学生花钱如水、没有节约意识以及追求高水平生活、追求时髦等现象，写一封劝说信，鼓励同学们养成勤俭节约的好习惯。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。
Dear friends，
As we know, World Thrift Day falls on October 31st. So this time I’d like to discuss thrift with you.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
审题谋篇
项目 结论
体裁 应用文
话题 提倡勤俭节约
时态 一般现在时
人称 第一、第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①花销 expenditure
②概念 concept__
③生活水平 living__standard
④追求 pursue
⑤价值观 values
2．句式
①一些学生喜欢追求时尚和潮流，这将花费更多的钱。
普通表达：
Some students like to pursue fashion and trends. This tends to need more money.
高级表达：
Some__students__like__to__pursue__fashion__and__trends,__which__
tends__to__need__more__money.(用非限制性定语从句改写)
②最近几年，中学生的花销急剧上升。
普通表达：
In recent years, the expenditure of middle school students has risen sharply.
高级表达：
In recent years, the expenditure of middle school students has__been__on__the__sharp__rise/increase．(用高级词汇on the rise/increase改写)
妙笔成篇
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear friends，
As__we__know,__World__Thrift__Day__falls__on__October__31st.__So__this__time__I’d__like__to__discuss__thrift__with__you.
In recent years，with the improvement of living standard, parents can afford higher expenditure of their children. The expenditure of middle school students has been on the sharp rise. Many of them spend money without limit and have no concept of thrift. What’s more, some students like to pursue fashion and trends, which tends to need more money.
In a word, middle school students should learn to be thrifty.We should realize that it’s not easy for our parents to make money. So we should limit our expenditure in our daily life. Only in this way can we develop correct values.
Best__wishes.
Yours__faithfully，
Li__Hua
【语法精讲】
补足语是用来说明宾语或主语情况的成分，在英语中， ing形式和 ed形式都可以作补足语。
1． ing形式作宾语补足语
ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。能接 ing形式作补语的有两类动词：
(1)使役动词：keep, get, leave, have等。
◆The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。
◆I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
不好意思让你等这么久。
(2)感觉、感官类动词：see, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to, find, feel, smell等。
◆I felt my heart beating faster.
我感到我的心跳得更快了。
◆He heard the wind blowing outside.
他听到外边在刮风。
2． ed形式作补语
ed形式作宾语补足语既可表示被动又可表示动作已经完成；宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。 ed形式作补语的常见情况：
(1)位于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作补语。
◆They are going to have the house painted white.
他们准备把房子刷成白色。
(2)位于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作补语。
◆I was sleeping when I heard my name called.
我正在睡觉，这时听到有人喊我的名字。
◆She was glad to see her child taken good care of.
她很高兴看到自己的孩子被照顾得很好。
[温馨提示]
1．使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：
(1)have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事；get sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/某物(开始)做某事。sb./sth.与构成现在分词的动词之间是主谓关系。
◆Let’s get the machine running.
让我们使这台机器运转起来吧。
◆Don’t have the water running while brushing your teeth.
刷牙时，别让水一直流着。
(2)have sth.done＝get sth.done
◆The lady had/got her bag stolen on the bus yesterday.
昨天，这位女士的包在公共汽车上被偷了。
◆I had/got my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天理了发。
(3)have sb.do sth./get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事；
have sth.to do 有某事要做(to do作后置定语)。
◆The manager had his secretary collect some information.
经理让他的秘书收集些信息。
◆My parents always get me to do some housework.
父母总是让我做些家务。
2．with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词
“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构可在句中作定语或状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)，宾补可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 在此我们重点讲解宾补是分词和不定式的情况。
(1)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
◆With his hair cut, he looked much younger.
理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语)
(2)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
◆He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。(伴随状语)
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式一般情况下都用主动形式。
◆With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go skating with you.
因为有很多家庭作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。(原因状语)Unit6 Earth first-Developing ideas考点精讲&典例示范
【知识概括】
【阅读词汇】
□mode n. □leak v. □plug n. □campaign n.
□highlight v． □hunting n． □presentation n．□reserve n．
□infection n. □slide n. □false adj. □device n.
□release v. □smog n. □fog n. □severe adj.
□drought n．□flood n． □restore v. □sustainable adj.
□carbon n. □greenhouse n. □brochure n. □solar adj.
□canteen n.
【写作词汇】
1．urge__v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
2．average adj. 平均(数)的
3.lecture__n. (尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲
4．amount n. 数量，数额
5．electricity n. 电
6．supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水
等供应(系统)
7．establish v. 建立，设立
8．damage v. 破损，损害，损伤
9．affect v. 影响
10.__remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉
11.ocean n. 海洋，大海
12．staff__n. 员工
【拓展词汇】
1．adopt v．采取(某种方法) →adoption n．收养，过继；采取
2．concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→concern n．& v．关心，担心；影响，涉及
3.contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐献→contribution n．贡献
4．cruelty__n．残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的
5．devote v．致力，献身，倾注→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；献身；奉献
6．majority n．多数，大多数(人或物)→major adj.主要的；多数的
7.permission n．允许，许可→permit vt.允许 n．许可证
8．reduce v．减少，降低→reduction n．减少，降低
【重点短语】
1．take...into__account 把……考虑进去
2．depend__on 依靠；取决于
3.break__down 分解
4．up__to 多达，高达
5．turn__off 关闭
6．mistake...for... 把……误认为……
7．call__on 号召
8．take__care__of 照顾；照看
9．the__majority__of... 大多数……
10．common__sense 常识
11.aim__at 目标是……； 旨在做……
12．keep...from__doing... 阻止……做……
13．be__used__to__do 被用来做……
【重点句型】
1.强调句型：It__is__the__production__of__food,__not__its__transport,__that(是食物的生产而不是食物的运输) uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
2．倍数句型：However, making a paper bag uses four__times__as__much__energy__as__making__a__plastic__bag(所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍) and up to three times the amount of water.
3．It takes time/money (for sb./sth.) to do sth.：It takes__hundreds__of__years__for__plastic__to__break__down(塑料需要几百年才能分解)．..
【考点精讲】
take...into account (＝take account of)把……考虑进去
(教材P69) In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.
在某些情况下，当地的农产品可能比很远的地方的农产品消耗了更多的能源，产生了更多的温室气体，还要考虑到运输。
account vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有
n. 说明；理由；计算；账目
account for 是……的原因；解释；导致；占……(比例)
give an account of 说明
on account of 由于，因为
①He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened on the spot.
他震惊得无法描述现场发生了什么事情。
②You’ll have to account for__why you told a lie to me.
你必须向我解释你为什么向我撒谎。
③She was absent from school on account of illness yesterday.
昨天她因病没有去学校。
[巧学活用]——词汇升级
(普通表达)
I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.
(高级表达)
I sincerely hope that you will take__my__suggestions__into__account．
adopt vt.采纳，采用；收养
(教材P65)This includes keeping the original environment from being touched, as well as adopting new, sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.
这包括保持原始环境不被影响，以及采用新的、可持续的饲养农场动物的方法。
(1)adopt an idea/a plan 采纳意见/计划
adopt an approach/attitude 采取一种方法/态度
adopt a son 收养一个儿子
(2)adopted adj. 领养的；收养的
(3)adoption n. 采用，采纳；过继
①He decided to adopt a new approach to teaching languages.
他决定采用一种新的语言教学法。
②We will encourage a wider adoption(adopt) of this method.
我们将鼓励更广泛地采用这种方法。
③Mr. White is the adopted son of Mrs. Joanna, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.(adopt)
怀特先生是乔安娜女士的养子。20年前他的父母去世时，乔安娜收养了他。
[温馨提示]
注意不要将adopt和adapt混淆。
adapt意为“使……适应；改编，改写”，常见搭配：
adapt to适应；
adapt oneself to使自己适应……
[巧学活用]——选词填空(adopt/adapt)
The young couple adopted the suggestion that they should adopt an orphan. After a few months, the adopted child adapted to his new life.
affect v．影响；感动，打动
(教材P65)We’ve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes, which affect the water supply downstream.
我们也看到了这些变化造成的干旱和洪水，它们影响了下游的供水。
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深感动
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect on 对……产生影响
①I had to make important decisions that would affect me for the rest of my life.
我不得不作出影响我后半生的重大决定。
②The weight loss pill has a strong side effect on people’s hearts.
这种减肥药对人的心脏有极强的副作用。
③All the people in the room were__affected(affect) to tears by his story.
屋里所有的人都被他的故事感动得流下了眼泪。
amount n．数量；数额 vi.合计；相当于
(教材P68)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。
(1)a large amount of＝large amounts of 大量的
(2)in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
①It was obvious that the man made a large amount of money in California.
很显然，这个人在加利福尼亚州赚了一大笔钱。
②Large amounts of money are__spent(spend) on the celebration.
大量的资金被花在庆祝活动上。
③A large amount of medicine__is(be) indeed needed in the earthquake hit area.
地震灾区确实需要大量的药品。
[温馨提示]
“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
“large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
concerned adj.焦急的；担忧的
(1)be concerned about/for... 担心/关心……
be concerned with/in... 与……有关
as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言
(2)concern n. [U]担心；关切；[C]关心的人(或)事
vt. 涉及，参与；(使)担忧
show concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心
①After being told her son was lost, a concerned look appeared on her face.
被告知她的儿子失踪后，她脸上出现了担心的表情。
②We had several disputes concerned(concern) with this matter.
关于此事，我们曾争论过数次。
③My English teacher showed great concern about/for me and I felt very warm.
我的英语老师很关心我，我感到很温暖。
④As far as I am concerned(concern), parents are too concerned about/for the future of their children.
在我看来，父母太过关心他们孩子的未来了。
[温馨提示]
concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语时意为“相关的；有关的”。另外concerning用作介词时意为“关于；对于”。
[巧学活用]——用concern的相关用法填空
As__far__as__I__am__concerned,__educators should be__concerned__about the problems that are__concerned__with the healthy growth of the children.
就我而言，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题。
contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献；捐献
(1)contribute to (doing) ...有助于；促成
contribute...to... 向……捐献……；向……投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；投稿
make contributions/a contribution to对……作出贡献
①The writer personally contributed ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund.
那位作家亲自捐赠了5 000英镑给地震基金。
②The invention of paper is a great contribution(contribute) to human civilization.
纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。
③I am sure your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.
我确信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
④To make our country stronger, everyone should make his/her contributions(contribute)．
为了让我们的国家更加强大，每个人都必须作出贡献。
[巧学活用]——用contribute的适当形式或短语完成小片段
Many people contributed__money__to the poor boy, which contributed__to his returning to school. A writer wrote this story and contributed it to a magazine.
许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱， 这使他重新回到了校园。一个作家把这个故事写了下来， 并给一家杂志投稿。
damage v．& n．破损，损害，损伤
(教材P65)In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.
近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。
(1)damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
(2) 对……造成损害
①Do away with the bad habits that might damage your health.
去掉那些有可能损害你健康的坏习惯。
②Eating too much meat one time will do damage to your stomach. 一次性吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
③Damage caused(cause) by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
As we all know, smoking__can__damage__our__health．
devote vt.致力，献身，倾注
(教材P65) Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.
现在，她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。
(1)devote...to... 把……奉献给；把……专注于……
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的
be devoted to 专心于；致力于
(3)devotion n. 热爱；奉献
①I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.
我认为我们在这个问题上不应该花费更多的时间了。
②We were deeply touched by his devotion(devote) to world peace.
他一心为世界和平做贡献，这使我们深受感动。
③Before the exam，I devoted myself to preparing(prepare) for it.
考试之前，我全身心备考。
④He devoted all his spare time to helping(help) his students with their English.
他把所有的业余时间都用来帮助他的学生学习英语。
[巧学活用]——语法填空
Mrs. White, a devoted(devote) friend of mine, devoted all her energy to her career and her devotion(devote) to children made us vote for her. Finally, she was promoted(晋升) to headmistress.
reduce v．减少，降低
(教材P66)Reduce waste by choosing reusable products...
通过选择可重复利用产品来减少浪费……
(1)reduce...to... 把……降到/减少到……
reduce...by... 把……降低/减少了……
(2)reduction n. 降低；减少
①Speaking of pollution, we really need to reduce the use of cars.
说到污染，我们真的需要减少汽车的使用。
②Last week the price of eggs reduced to 6 yuan per kilogram.
上周，鸡蛋的价格降至每千克6元。
③Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10% since 2019, we can’t afford it either.
尽管从2019年以来房价下降了10%，我们还是买不起。
[图形助记]
urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
(教材P71)It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.
它敦促人们节约食物，不要浪费餐桌上的任何东西。
(1)urge vt.催促；主张
urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth.敦促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth.强烈要求…(应该)做某事；极力主张…(应该)做某事
(2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的
①It is impolite for one to urge other people to drink in the west.
在西方，过分劝酒是不礼貌的。
②I’m afraid something urgent(urge) has come up; I won’t be to see you tonight.
很抱歉，我有些急事；今天晚上不去见你了。
③They urged that the library (should)__be__kept(keep) open during the vacation.
他们极力主张图书馆在假期开放。
倍数句型
(教材P68)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能量是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。
句中four times as much energy as making a plastic bag是倍数比较的常用形式，其结构为： ...倍数＋as many/much＋n.＋as...。
常见的倍数句型：
A is＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as＋B.
A is＋倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than＋B.
A is＋倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of＋B.
①There is four times as much water in this pot as in that one.
这个壶里的水是那个壶里的四倍。
②This year our company has published twice as many books as we did last year.
今年我们公司已经出版的书是去年的两倍。
③This street is four times the length(long) of that one.
这条街是那条街的四倍长。
④The new stadium built for the 2022 Winter Olympics will be three times as big as the present one.
为迎接2022年冬季奥运会而修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。
[温馨提示]
times只用于倍数大于或等于三时，两倍用twice或double表示。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我们学校的面积是他们学校面积的三倍大。
(1)Our school is three times as__large__as their school.
(2)Our school is twice larger__than their school.
(3)Our school is three times the__size of their school.
It takes time (for sb./sth.) to do sth.
(教材P68)It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down...
塑料需要几百年才能分解……
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费(某人)多少时间”，其中It为形式主语， 后面的不定式短语to do sth. 是真正的主语。此外， take 还可表示“需要” 之意， it takes/took...to do sth.做某事需要……
(1)sth. take (sb.) some time某事花费(某人)多少时间
(2)sb.spend some time/money (in) doing/on sth.某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事
(3)sth. cost (sb.) some time/money某事/物花费(某人)多少时间/金钱
(4)sb.pay some money for sth./to do sth.某人花费多少金钱为某物/做某事
①It took me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting.
我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅画的意义。
②Believe it or not, it takes great courage to__tell(tell) the truth.
信不信由你，说实话需要勇气。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)The book cost__me__8__dollars. (cost)
这本书花了我8美元。
(2)a.I paid__him__20__dollars__to__repair my bike. (pay)
我付给他20美元修自行车。
b．We’ll have to save as much as possible in order to pay__for__the__new__house. (pay)
为了买新房子，我们不得不尽量节俭。
(3)These days，music fans spend__less__money__in__buying records than people used to do. (spend)
如今，音乐迷在买唱片上花的钱比人们以前花得要少。Unit6 Earth first-Starting out考点精讲&典例示范
【知识概括】
【阅读词汇】
□shark n． □dive v.
【写作词汇】
1.target v. 把……作为目标
2.attitude__n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度
【拓展词汇】
1.extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.绝种的；消亡了的
2．fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉祥→fortune n．幸运；运气
3.scare adj.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.对……感到惊慌的；吓坏了的
【重点短语】
害怕……
1．by__mistake 错误地；疏忽地
2．protect...from... 保护……免受……
3．come__across 偶遇
4．see...as... 把……看作……
5．from...on 从……时起
6．have__an__effect__on/upon 对……有影响
7.be__based__on 以……为基础/依据
8．raise__awareness__of... 提高对……的认识
9．due__to 由于，因为
10．cut__off 切断；阻断；隔绝
11.in__fear 恐惧，担心
12．tell__the__story__of 讲述……的故事
13．be__scared/frightened__of/afraid__of
【重点句型】
1.部分否定：Fortunately, not__everyone(并非每个人) who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.
2．was/were doing...when...：In 1980, Benchley was__diving__when(正在潜水就在这时) he came across an awful sight.
3．形容词(短语)作状语：Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid__of__the__horrible__creature__from__the__film(由于害怕电影里可怕的生物)．
【考点精讲】
attitude n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度
attitude to/towards...对……的态度/看法
have/take a(n) ...attitude to/towards...对……持/采取……的态度
①Keep a positive attitude and good things will happen.
保持积极的态度，好事就会发生。
②He’s an easy going, friendly young man with a casual sort of attitude towards/to money.
他是个随和、友善的年轻人，不太在意金钱。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
他对家庭作业的态度不端正。
He has/take__a__bad__attitude__to/towards his homework.
cut off 切断；阻断；隔绝
(教材P62)Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.
切鱼鳍是一种捕获的方式，在这个过程中鲨鱼被捕获，鱼鳍被切除。
cut down 砍倒；缩减；降价
cut in 插嘴；打断
cut up 切碎
①Both boys and girls are required to cut off long hair according to school regulations.
根据学校规定，无论男生还是女生都得剪掉长发。
②With more and more forests cut down，some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。
③Finally, he reached a lonely island which was completely cut off from the outside world.
最终，他到达一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。
[巧学活用]——用cut的相关短语填空
(1)Because the boy is too young, his mother has to cut__up all the food to feed him.
(2)The water supply of this district was cut__off because the water pipe was broken.
(3)After much bargaining(讨价还价)，the shop owner agreed to cut__down the price by 20%.
due to 由于；由……造成；应支付；归功于
(教材P62) This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning.
这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼，而且还因为鲨鱼的鳍。
due adj. 应得的；应付的；预定的
be due to sb. 应付给某人
be due to do sth. 预定/预期做某事
be due to sb./sth. 归因于某人/某物
①The flight was put off due to the heavy fog.
这架班机因大雾停航。
②The bus was due to__arrive(arrive) at 5 p．m., but it arrived one hour late due to being__held(hold) up by the heavy fog.
公共汽车预计下午五点钟到达，但由于大雾的阻碍它晚了一个小时。
③Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.
欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中due to的含义
(1)The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.归功于
(2)The money is due to me, but I haven’t got it yet.应支付
(3)Several traffic accidents happened on the highway due to the heavy fog in the morning.因为
[温馨提示]
(1)表示“因为；由于”的介词短语还有because of, on account of, as a result of, owing to, thanks to等。(2)当due to意为“由于；因……造成；应给予”时，其中的to是介词，并且在句中常常作表语或状语；当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时，其中的to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。
fortunately adv.幸运地
(教材P63)Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.
幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人开始对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。
(1)fortunate adj. 幸运的，吉祥的
be/feel fortunate (in) doing/to do... 做……很幸运
It is fortunate (for sb.) to do/that... (对某人来说)做…是幸运的。
(2)fortune n. 运气；命运
(3)unfortunately adv. 不幸地
①Fortunately, the rain stopped before we started to have a picnic outside.
幸亏在我们动身去野餐前雨停了。
②Many of us are fortunate to__be(be) here with family.
我们中很多人都很幸运，能够在这里和家人们在一起。
③I feel fortunate having/to__have(have) such a friend.
我有这样的朋友，真是幸运。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Unfortunately(fortunate), I hurt my knee when I fell down on the ice.
(2)I was late, but fortunately(fortunate) the class hadn’t started.
(3)It was fortunate that he had left the house before the fire broke out.
scare v．使(某人)惊恐；吓唬 n．恐慌；恐惧
(教材P62)People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse.
人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》使情况变得更糟。
(1)scare...away/off 把……吓跑
(2)scaring adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的
scared adj. 对……感到惊慌的；吓坏了的
be scared of 害怕……
be scared to do... 害怕做……；不敢做……
①His sudden appearance gave me a scare when I was reading an interesting book.
我正在读一本有趣的书，他的突然出现吓了我一跳。
②Seeing many cars going up and down the street, the boys were scared to__cross(cross) the street.
看到马路上来来往往的车辆，那些男孩子不敢过马路。
③Having made mistakes, he is scared of facing his strict teacher.
他犯了错，不敢去面对严厉的老师。
④They managed to scare the bear away/off with a torch.
他们设法用火把把熊吓跑了。
⑤Last night the sudden thunder scared(scare) the children.
昨天晚上，突然的雷声吓着了那些孩子。
was/were doing...when...
(教材P63)In 1980, Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.
1980年，本奇利正在潜水，就在这时他突然看到一个可怕的景象。
句中的when是并列连词，意为“就在这/那时”，相当于and then或and at the same time。
when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中：
be doing...when... 正在做……这时……
be about to do...when...＝be on the point of doing... when...
正要做……这时……
had just done...when... 刚做了……这时……
①I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
②I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后，我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
③We were about to__set(set) out when it began to rain.
＝We were on the point of setting(set) out when it began to rain.
我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨。
④We were__doing(do) our homework when the light went out.
我们正在做家庭作业，灯突然熄了。
[温馨提示]
when作从属连词可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；还可引导让步状语从句，意为“既然；考虑到”。
形容词(短语)作状语
(教材P62)Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.
有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而不再在海里游泳。
句中“afraid of the horrible creature from the film”是形容词短语作状语，相当于because some people were afraid of the horrible creature from the film。
形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
①Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.
因为又冷又饿，他停止工作回家了。
②Obviously(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
很显然，好习惯有助于加速实现我们的目标。
③I was back at home at almost midnight, thirsty and tired(tire)．
快到半夜时我才回到家，又渴又累。
[温馨提示]
形容词作状语与副词作状语的区别：
形容词作状语表示主语的状态；
副词在句中作状语通常修饰动词或修饰整个句子。
[巧学活用]——句式升级
(普通表达)She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied.
(高级表达)Happy__and__satisfied，she suddenly appeared. (形容词短语作状语)
