Unit3 On the move-Using language&writing考点精讲&典例示范
【写作指导--体育话题】
文体感知
讲述自己的体育故事是将自己所经历过的、做过的、印象比较深刻的体育故事、情感等讲述出来。
文章一般可以分成三部分。
第一部分：简介自己的运动故事；
第二部分：讲述具体事件；
第三部分：展望自己和这项运动的未来或该项运动给你带来的启示等。
增分佳句
1．My hobby is playing basketball.
2．I started to play basketball when I was 12 years old.
3．This is no doubt that sport is good for our health.
4．This exercise is quite beneficial to me, because I am very strong now.
5．It’s time to take action to stay away from the TV and computer and to take part in sport activities.
写作要求
英语课上，老师让学生讲述自己做某项运动的经历。要点如下：
1．与你所讲述运动的渊源；
2．做该项运动的经历或过程；
3．该项运动给你带来了什么。
审题谋篇
项目 结论
体裁 记叙文
话题 体育故事
时态 一般过去时为主
人称 第一人称为主
词句推敲
1．词汇
①谚语 proverb
②改善，提高 improve
③逐渐地 gradually
④精力充沛的 full__of__energy
⑤太累了以至于不能继续 _too__tired__to__continue
2．句式
①我小时候身体不健康。自从我打乒乓球之后，身体状况得到了改善。
普通表达：
I wasn’t healthy when I was young. That improved after I played ping pong.
高级表达：
I__wasn’t__healthy__when__I__was__young.__However,__that__improved
__after__I__played__ping pong.(用however连接)
②有句谚语这样说：“没人会在意健康的价值，直到失去了它。”
普通表达：
There is a proverb and it goes that “No one knows the value of health until he loses it.”
高级表达：
As__the__proverb__goes,__“No__one__knows__the__value__of__health__
until__he__loses__it.”(用as 引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
妙笔成篇
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
As the proverb goes, “No one knows the value of health until he loses it.” I understand it exactly because I wasn’t healthy when I was young. However, that improved after I played ping pong.
At the start, I was too tired to continue, but I was persuaded not to give up by my parents. Gradually, I realized that it is of great benefit to my health.
By playing ping pong every day I can keep myself full of energy every day. Without it, I will feel tired and I can’t finish my tasks efficiently. I think it has become and will be a part of my life.
【语法精讲】
动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。
这里的to是不定式标志，无意义，有时可省略。
其否定形式为“not＋动词不定式”。
不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
1．不定式的时态和语态
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
◆The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his teacher entered the classroom.
老师走进教室时小男孩假装正在读书。
◆I happened to have read your advertisement and decided to apply for the job.
我碰巧读了您的广告，决定申请这份工作。
◆It’s a great honour to be invited to do the voluntary work for the disabled.
被邀请为残疾人做志愿服务，我感到很荣幸。
◆Father warned me not to drive after drinking.
父亲警告我不要酒后开车。
2．不定式作状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。
◆To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.
懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。
(2)不定式作原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。
◆I’m very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.
我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。
(3)不定式作结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。
◆I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city the night before.
我去看他，不料听人家说他已经在前夜离开了这个城市。
[温馨提示]
熟记固定结构be＋adj.＋to do sth.
◆As far as I’m concerned, he is very easy to get along with.
就我个人而言，他很容易相处。
3．不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应置于被修饰的名词或代词后面。以下几种情况下常使用不定式作定语：
(1)放在序数词、形容词最高级，the last, the only, no, any, all等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系。
◆ He is the best man to do the job.
他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
(2)表示将来的动作时。根据需要，不定式可用主动或被动形式，但其含义有所不同。
◆The building to be built next month will be a modern hospital.
下个月要建的那座楼将是一个现代化的医院。(不定式to be built的动作执行者是“别人”，其后可以加上by sb.，因此只能用不定式的被动形式作后置定语)
◆I have a lot of homework to do.
我有很多家庭作业要做。(不定式to do的动作执行者是I)
(3)被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, right, evidence, attempt, plan, way, reason, opportunity, time等。
◆ I want to have a chance to further my study abroad.
我想得到一次去国外进修的机会。
[温馨提示]
(1)如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等， 不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。
◆He has no place to live (in)．
他没有地方住。
(2)在作定语的动词不定式中，不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式通常用主动形式表被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上适当的介词。
◆Do you have enough paper to write on
你有足够的纸来写字吗？Unit3 On the move-Developing ideas考点精讲&典例示范
【知识概括】
【阅读词汇】
□master n. □interpret v. □data n. □label n.
□setting n． □skip v． □bar n. □bone n.
□chart v． □ideal adj. □display n． □monitor v．
□lung n. □network n.
【写作词汇】
1.available__adj. 可用的，可获得的
2.ache v. (持续而隐隐地)作痛
3.persuade__v. 说服，劝服
4.disappear v．消失，不见
5.tension__n. 紧张，焦虑
6.upper__adj. (位置)较上的，较高的，上面的
7.involve v. 包含，需要
8.champion n. (尤指体育比赛中的)冠军，第一名
【拓展词汇】
1.adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjust v．调整；调节
2.balance n．平衡→balanced adj.保持(或显示)平衡的
3.inspire v．鼓舞，激励→inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的→inspired adj.有灵感的；受鼓舞的→inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞
4.power n．力量→powerful adj.有力的；(药等)有功效的
5.response n．回答，答复→respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应
6.sweaty adj.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的→sweat n．汗水
【重点短语】
1.keep__track__of 记录……；与……保持联系；了解……的动态
2.die__out 消失，绝迹，灭绝
3.as__well__as 既……又……； 除……之外(也)
4.raise__money 筹钱
5.in__turn 反过来；依次；轮流地
6.around__the__corner 即将发生
7.get__in__touch__(with) (与……)保持联系
8.take__part__in 参加
9.persuade__sb.__to__do__sth. 说服某人做某事
【重点句型】
1.不定式作表语：We’re now training for national competitions and hope to be champions one day, but my ultimate goal is to__be__an__ice__hockey__teacher(做一个冰球老师) and help people learn to play this game.
2．Whether...or... 无论……还是……，引导让步状语从句：Whether__I’m__at__the__gym__or__on__the__road(无论我在健身房还是在路上), my nervous energy pushes me through mile one.
【考点精讲】
balance n．天平；[U]平衡 v．权衡，使平衡
(教材P30)Using only a rope, you can develop your footwork and balance.
只用一根绳子，你就能改善你的步法和平衡。
(1)keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
out of balance 失去平衡
(2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B
(3)balanced adj. 平衡的； 均衡的
①I think it’s important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I’m going to join a few clubs.
我认为保持学习和社交的平衡很重要，所以我打算参加几个俱乐部。
②To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced(balance) diet.
为了要过长寿而又健康的生活，我们必须懂得均衡饮食。
③You have to balance the advantages of living downtown against the disadvantages.
你必须权衡住在市中心的利弊。
④When he was running after his brother, the boy lost__his__balance and had a bad fall.
男孩追他哥哥时失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
⑤When you learn to ride a bicycle you must learn to keep__your__balance.
你学骑自行车时必须学会保持平衡。
die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝
(教材P33)This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s last remaining gorillas from dying out.
这是大猩猩组织为拯救世界上仅存的大猩猩而筹集资金的一个项目。
(1)die of/from... 死于……
die down 逐渐变弱/平息
(2)be dying for/to do 渴望得到/做……
①With the living environment becoming worse and worse, many of the earth’s species are dying out.
随着生存环境变得越来越糟，地球上的很多物种正在灭绝。
②London was a new world to me and I was dying to__find(find) out more about it for myself.
伦敦对我来说是个新世界，我渴望亲自更多地了解这个城市。
③In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750，000 people died of hunger.
19世纪40年代，因主要作物马铃薯受病害影响，约有75万人死于饥饿。
④Although the wind has died down，the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
尽管风已经减弱，但雨仍在继续，所以你仍然需要一件雨衣。
inspire v．鼓励，鼓舞
(教材P34)End by saying why he/she inspires you.
最后说他/她为什么激励你。
(1)inspire
(2)inspiration n． 激励；灵感；鼓舞；启示
inspired adj. 得到灵感的；受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj. 激励人心的；启发灵感的；令人鼓舞的
①He inspired many young people to carry on volunteer work.
他激励了很多年轻人坚持志愿工作。
②Let’s give support and inspiration(inspire) to each other.
让我们相互支持与鼓励。
③The beauty of the West Lake inspired a lot of poets to__write(write) their great poetry.
西湖美景给了许多诗人灵感，从而创作出他们伟大的诗篇。
④Believe it or not, the good news inspired us with hope.
信不信由你，这个好消息使我们燃起了希望。
[温馨提示]
inspired 意为“受到鼓舞的”，常用来修饰人；
inspiring意为“令人鼓舞的，鼓舞人心的”，多用于修饰物。
involve v．包含，需要；涉及；牵涉，把……卷入
(教材P31)It involves doing very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.
它包括做非常缓慢的体育活动，来放松你的大脑和平静你的身体。
(1)involve sb.in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事，使某人牵扯到某事中
involve doing sth. 包括做某事；参与做某事
(2)involved adj. 复杂的；有牵连的，有关的
be/get involved in 被卷入；热衷于；专心于
be/get involved with 与……有关
①Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。
②It is said that he was involved with a series of criminal activities.
据说他与一系列的犯罪活动有关。
③Involved(involve) in the book, I didn’t hear your knock just now.
我全神贯注地读书，刚才没有听到你敲门。
④Mike found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
迈克找到了一份高中教师的工作，这份工作需要和学生待在一起的时间比较长。
[温馨提示]
involved作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Involved(involve) in the car accident, the driver had no alternative but to stay and wait for the police.
(2)There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.＝There was a serious incident with a group of youths involved．(involve)
persuade v．说服，劝服
(教材P35)He then persuaded me to try ice hockey.
然后他说服我去打冰球。
persuade sb. to do sth.＝persuade sb. into doing sth.
说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth.＝persuade sb. out of doing sth.
说服某人不要做某事
①I persuaded him that I was telling the truth.
我使他相信我讲的是实情。
②We persuaded our teacher not to__punish(punish) us for being late.
我们劝说老师不要因为迟到处罚我们。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
How can we__persuade__them__to__join our club
→How can we persuade them into joining our club
response n．回答，答复
(教材P31)During the interview, listen carefully to each question and try to understand the main ideas within the interviewee’s responses.
在面试过程中，仔细听每一个问题，尽力理解受访者答复中的主要观点。
(1)in response to 回答……；响应……
make no response 没做回答
(2)respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应
respond to... 对……做出答复/回复
①His first response was to say no. Later，however，he changed his mind.
他最初的反应是不同意，但是他后来改变了主意。
②She made no response(respond)，which made me very angry.
她没有回答，这使我非常生气。
③With the help of his teammate, he responded immediately to the event.
在队友的帮助下，他对事件立刻做出了回应。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
He went to open the door to respond to a knock.
→He went to open the door__in__response__to a knock.
in turn 反过来；依次；轮流地
(教材P33)It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious.
有时会很紧张，但这反过来也让我感到焦虑。
(1)in return 作为报答；回报
(2)take turns doing/to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
①Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。
②We take turns making/to__make(make) dinner because we are all very busy.
因为我们都很忙，所以我们轮流做饭。
③I think it’s my turn to__clean(clean)the classroom this week.
我想这周该轮到我来打扫教室了。
④The old man gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing in__return．
那位老人给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。
[巧学活用]——完成句子/句式升级
人们使用私家车来避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。
(1)(普通表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in__turn creates more problems.
(2)(高级表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which__in__turn__creates__more__problems．(非限制性定语从句)
不定式作表语
(教材P35)We’re now training for national competitions and hope to be champions one day, but my ultimate goal is to be an ice hockey teacher and help people learn to play this game. 我们现在正在为全国比赛训练，希望有一天能成为冠军。但我的最终目标是成为一名冰球老师，帮助人们学会这项运动。
句中动词不定式短语to be an ice hockey teacher and help people...作表语。
不定式短语作表语，对主语进行解释说明，一般表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。若主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to往往省略。
①My work is to clean the room and cook for them every day.
我的工作就是每天打扫房间并为他们做饭。
②The only thing that she wants to do now is(to)__go(go) for a holiday.
现在她想做的唯一的事就是去度假。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)我现在最喜欢的是过一个轻松的假期。
What I love best now is__to__have__a__relaxing__holiday．
(2)我的愿望是长大后当一名医生。
My wish is to__be__a__doctor when I grow up.Unit3 On the move-Starting out考点精讲&典例示范
【知识概括】
【阅读词汇】
□surfing n． □plastic adj. □soldier n． □conflict n． □assure v.
【写作词汇】
1.represent v. 代表，表示
2.goal n. 球门
3.content n． 满意，满足
4.factor n. 因素，要素
【拓展词汇】
1.basis n．基础；根据→basic adj.基本的；基础的
2.death n．死，死亡→die v．死亡→dead adj.死的
3.defend v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫→defence n．保护；防卫
4.equipment n．装备，设备，用具→equip vt.装备；配备
【重点短语】
1.to__one’s__heart’s__content 尽情地，心满意足地
2.put__down 放下
3.be__shaped__like 形状像……
4.take...for__example 以……为例
5.break__out (战争、战斗或疾病)爆发
6.go__back 追溯到；回溯到
7.break__down 拆除； 出故障；(身体) 垮下来
8.more__than 不仅仅
【重点句型】
1.it is＋adj.＋enough to do...……到足够做……：It is fun__enough__to__attract(有趣到足够吸引) millions of people.
2.see＋宾语＋宾语补足语：All over the world you can see__kids__playing(看到孩子们在踢) to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pel? did when he was a boy.
3.given that...引导原因状语从句：Given__that(考虑到) Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！
【考点精讲】
basis n．基础；根据
(教材P26)That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
足球是一项如此简单的运动也许是它受欢迎的基础。
(1)base n.基础；基地 vt. 以……为基础
base...on... 以……为基础
be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
(2)on the basis of 以……为基础；在……基础上
(3)basic adj.基础的
①One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain a good knowledge of basic(base) word formation.
理解大量新词的一个方法是掌握好基本的构词法。
②In my diary，I set down a series of things that are__based(base) on facts.
在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。
③One should always base his opinion on facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为根据发表自己的观点。
④We got the final results on the basis of a great many experiments.
我们以大量实验为依据而得出最终结果。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
根据这些事实，我们可以得出以下结论。
(1)Based__on/upon__these__facts,we can reach the following conclusions.(base vt.)
(2)On__the__basis__of__these__facts,we can reach the following conclusions.(basis n．)
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
(教材P27)World War Ⅰ had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
第一次世界大战几个月前就爆发了，但英国和德国士兵放下枪，一起踢足球——这是多年冲突中值得纪念的和平时刻。
break up 解散；打碎；驱散
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解
①The computer system broke down suddenly while I was searching for information on the Internet.
我正在网上搜信息时电脑系统突然出故障了。
②The thief broke into my house and stole my money.
小偷闯入我家，偷了我的钱。
③A quarrel broke out between them when he told lies to her.
他向她撒了谎，两人吵了起来。
④The Second World War broke out in September, 1939.
第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。
content n．满意，满足；内容；目录 vt.使满足 adj.满意的
(教材P26)All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags...
在世界各地，你可以看到孩子们用塑料袋做成的球尽情地玩耍……
(1)to one’s heart’s content 尽情地；心满意足地
(2)feel/be content with... 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth. 满足于做某事
①She dropped her purse and the contents(content) fell out on the floor.
她的钱包掉在了地上，钱包里的东西掉出来了。
②My parents are content to__live(live) in the country, where the air is fresh and clean.
我父母乐意在空气新鲜、干净的农村生活。
③We must not be content with such a small success.
我们不应该满足于这样的小成就。
④It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book before buying it.
买书前最好先看一看目录页。
[温馨提示]
“对……满意”的常用短语小结：be content with；be pleased with；be satisfied with；be happy with。
defend v．防守，防卫；辩护
(教材P26)．..how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see...
……他们如何利用自己的身体传球、得分和防守这一点令人惊讶……
(1)defend...from/against...防御；保卫……以免受……
(2)defence n.防御；保卫
in defence (of...) 为了保卫(……)
①In defence of its own interests, China has to take strong measures.
为了维护自身利益，中国不得不采取强硬措施。
②He has employed one of the U．K.’s top lawyers to defend him.
他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
He wrote an article in the newspaper to defend his idea.
→In__defence__of__his__idea,__he wrote an article in the newspaper.
put down 写下，记下；放下；镇压
(教材P27)World War Ⅰ had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
第一次世界大战几个月前就爆发了，但英国和德国士兵放下枪，一起踢足球——这是多年冲突中值得纪念的和平时刻。
put out 扑灭(火)；生产，出版
put off 推迟，拖延
put on 穿上，戴上；上演
put away 储存……以备用；储蓄
①Put your toys away in the box when you’ve finished playing.
你玩完了玩具以后把它们放进箱子里。
②The sports meeting has been put off because of the bad weather.
由于糟糕的天气， 运动会已被推迟。
③Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says.
玛丽的确擅长在课堂上记笔记， 她几乎能记下老师说的每一个字。
see＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材P26)All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pelé did when he was a boy.
在世界各地你可以看到孩子们用塑料袋做成的球尽情地玩耍；就像贝利孩童时期那样。
句中see kids playing 为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，表示“看见某人正在做某事”。
(1)“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的常见形式：
感官动词＋宾语＋
(2)常见的感官动词(短语)：五看see, watch, observe, look at, notice；两听hear, listen to；一感觉feel
①I saw them playing basketball on the playground.
我看到他们在操场上打篮球。
②The manager would like to see his plan carried(carry) out as soon as possible.
经理希望看到他的计划尽快被执行。
③I often hear him sing songs. Today when I passed by his house, I heard him singing a popular English song.(sing)
我经常听到他唱歌。今天当我经过他的房子时，我听到他正在唱一首非常流行的英文歌。
[温馨提示]
若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式， 在变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to。若宾语补足语是现在分词时， 在变成被动语态时仍然保留现在分词形式， 但此时现在分词作主语补足语。
④He was seen to__enter(enter) the hall.
有人看见他到大厅里去了。
