Unit5 On the road-Using language&writing考点精讲&典例示范
【写作指导--明信片】
文体感知
明信片有时被称为贺卡(card for congratulation)，它是一种印制好的简单的书信，多是节日到来前相互赠送的礼品，属书信的替代品。
增分佳句
1．I have been in Hangzhou with my parents for my holiday for three days.
2．I haven’t heard from you since you left.
3．Could you share something interesting with me
4．I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
5．Hope to hear from you soon.
写作要求
英语课上，老师让学生们给父母或朋友写一张自己在北京旅游的明信片。要点如下：
1．来之前的想法；2.到之后的见闻。
审题谋篇
项目 结论
体裁 应用文
话题 在北京旅游
时态 一般现在时为主
人称 第一人称为主
词句推敲
1．词汇
①度假 go__on__a__vacation
②有教育意义的 educational
③围绕 surround
④应得，值得 deserve
⑤建筑物 construction
⑥文化遗产 cultural__relics
⑦厌倦 be/feel__tired__of
2．句式
①北京被许多现代建筑物环绕。北京不愧为我们祖国的首都。
普通表达：
Beijing is surrounded by pretty large number of modern constructions. Beijing deserves its state as the capital city of our motherland.
高级表达：
Surrounded__by__pretty__large__number__of__modern__constructions,
Beijing__deserves__its__state__as__the__capital__city__of__our__motherland.(用
②文化遗产具有教育意义。作为一个00后，我有时会厌倦古代中国的历史。
普通表达：
The cultural relics are educational. I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s.
高级表达：
Educational__as__the__cultural__relics__are,__I__sometimes__feel__tired__of
the__past__history__of__ancient__China__as__one__of__the__00s.(用as引导让步状语从句改写)
妙笔成篇
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
8 August，
Dear mom and dad，
I, your dear daughter, am having great fun going on a vacation in Beijing. Educational as the cultural relics are, I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s. However, I feel welcomed by the whole city especially when people here are as friendly as we thought before. What’s more, the weather here is much cooler, at least in summer. Moreover, the roads here are broad. Surrounded by pretty large number of modern constructions, Beijing deserves its state as the capital city of our motherland.
【语法精讲】
动词 ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。动词的 ing形式保留着动词的若干特征，同时又具有形容词、副词、名词等特征，有时态和语态的变化形式。其时态和语态形式如下表所示。
形式 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
1.现在分词作定语
(1)单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之前。表示现在分词的动作正在进行，分词和所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。
(2)分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。所修饰的名词是现在分词的逻辑主语，分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系。此时相当于一个定语从句。
(3)作定语的及物动词的现在分词形式为doing和being done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done；作定语的不及物动词的现在分词形式只有doing。
◆Can you see the star moving in the sky
你能看见那颗在天上移动的星星吗？
◆He spoke in a low voice in order not to wake the sleeping child.
为了不吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。
◆The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
正在电影院上映的那部电影很令人激动。
[温馨提示]
现在分词作定语，要注意现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间。 一般说来，主要有下列两种情况：
(1)表示经常性、习惯性动作或现在(当时)的状态(变为定语从句时多用一般现在时态或一般过去时态)。
①The factory making these pens is a small one.
→The factory which/that makes these pens is a small one.
②We lived in a room facing the south.
→We lived in a room which/that faced the south.
(2)表示正在进行的动作(变为定语从句时要用进行时态)。
① The comrades working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.
→The comrades who are working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.
②Did you see the girl dancing with your brother.
→Did you see the girl who is dancing with your brother.
2．动名词作定语
动名词作定语用于说明被修饰词的用途、功能或目的，常放在被修饰词之前。
◆She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.
她一周在当地的游泳池训练五次。
◆a reading room＝a room for reading 阅览室
◆a washing machine＝a machine for washing 洗衣机
◆a walking stick＝a stick for walking 拐杖Unit5 On the road-Starting out考点精讲&典例示范
【知识概括】
【阅读词汇】
□gallery n． □kangaroo n． □route n.
【写作词汇】
1.destination n. 目的地，终点
2.quit v. 离开(工作岗位、学校等)；离任
【拓展词汇】
1.previous adj. 以前的，先前的→previously adv. 以前，先前
2.profession n. (需要高等教育和训练的)专业，行业→professional adj. 专业的
【重点短语】
1．make__a__comment__about... 对……作评价
2．be__aware__of... 意识到……
3．take__the__opportunity__to__do... 抓住机会做……
4．make__an__impact__on 对……产生影响
5．fall__in__love__with 喜欢；爱上
6．come__true 实现
7.__in__particular 尤其；特别
8．regard...as... 认为……是……
9．be__determined__to__do__sth. 下决心做某事
10．when__it__comes__to... 当谈到……
11.on__one’s__own 独自
12．set__off 出发；动身
【重点句型】
1.介词＋宾语从句：When I post the picture online, I will make a comment about__how__bad__it__is__to__feed__wild__crocodiles(喂养野生鳄鱼有多糟糕).
2．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语：
(1)If I can do something to make__others__aware__of__the__problem(使其他人意识到这个问题), then that’s part of the solution.
(2)Over time, this could make__her__a__danger(使她成为一个危险物种) to people living in the area.
(3)In 2013, I was determined to make__my__dream__come__true(使我的梦想成真): I would become Australia’s first professional photo blogger.
【考点精讲】
come true (预言、 梦想等)成为事实， 实现
(教材P50)In 2013, I was determined to make my dream come true: I would become Australia’s first professional photo blogger.
2013年，我决心实现我的梦想：我将成为澳大利亚第一位专业的摄影博客写手。
①May all your dreams come true in 2021!
祝你所有的梦想在2021年都能成真！
②Her dream of going to college came true(truly) at last.
她上大学的梦想最终实现了。
[温馨提示]
come true中的come是系动词，意思是“变成”， 没有被动语态， 主语通常是“希望、理想、梦想、愿望”等词；
realize作“实现”讲时，是及物动词，可用于被动语态。
e true＝sth.be realized，表示某事被实现了。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我相信有一天我的梦想会成为现实。
(1)I believe one day I will realize__my__dream．
(2)I believe one day my dream will be__realized．
(3)I believe one day my dream will come__true．
comment n．议论；评论 v．发表意见；发表评论
(教材P51)When I post the picture online, I will make a comment about how bad it is to feed wild crocodiles.
当我在网上发布这张照片时，我会对喂养野生鳄鱼有多糟糕做出评论。
(1)comment on/upon... 对……发表评论
comment that... 评论说……
(2)No comment！ 无可奉告！
make comments/a comment on... 对……加以评论
①—Do you have any comment about the cause of the emergency
——您对这起突发事件发生的原因有何评论？
—No comment!
——无可奉告！
②They are always commenting on/upon what I’m wearing.
他们总是对我的穿着评头论足。
③He is an outspoken man and prefers to make comments(comment) on current affairs.
他是一个直言不讳的人，喜欢评论时事。
be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事
(教材P50)In 2013, I was determined to make my dream come true: I would become Australia’s first professional photo blogger.
2013年，我决心实现我的梦想：我将成为澳大利亚第一位专业的摄影博客写手。
(1)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
(2)determine vt. 决定；确定；下决心
determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine that... 决定……
(3)determination n． 决心，决定
①We are determined to get the work done before the New Year’s Day.
我们下定决心，要在元旦前完成这项任务。
②With strong determination(determine), you will be able to achieve your goal.
有了坚强的决心，你就能实现你的目标。
③It’s a story about a man who leaves jail and determines to__reform(reform)．
故事讲的是一个出狱并决意改过自新的人。
quit v. 离开(工作岗位、学校等)；离任
(教材P52)Why Lauren Bath quit her job as a chef and chose a different profession.
为什么劳伦·巴斯辞去了厨师的工作，选择了另一份不同的职业。
quit(doing) sth. 停止(做)某事
quit one’s office/post/job 辞职；离职
①He quit his job as an office boy in Athens.
他辞去了在雅典当办公室勤杂工的工作。
②Eventually she wants to quit teaching(teach) and work as a full－time journalist.
最后，她想放弃教书工作，成为一名全职记者。
③The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting(quit)．
任务非常艰巨，史蒂夫又气又恼，说他打算辞职。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)当时我正在努力戒烟。
I was trying to__quit__smoking at the time.
(2)他拒绝离开那座大楼，于是人们叫来了警察。
Police were called when he refused to__quit__the__building．
介词＋宾语从句
(教材P51)When I post the picture online, I will make a comment about how bad it is to feed wild crocodiles.
当我在网上发布这张照片时，我会对喂养野生鳄鱼有多糟糕做出评论。
句中 how bad it is to feed wild crocodiles是how引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。
what也可以引导宾语从句，其引导的宾语从句的语序为陈述语序，what在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
此外，what还可以引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
①They are talking about what they will do next.
他们正在商讨下一步做什么。
②She is no longer what__she__used__to__be．
她已不是过去的她了。
③What__you__have__done might do harm to other people.
你所做的事可能会对别人有害。
[温馨提示]
在名词性从句中使用引导词what还是that，是高考考查的重点。
解题的关键在于分析句子结构。
that没有词义，也不作任何成分，因此，当从句意义完整并且不缺任何成分时用引导词that;
what在从句中表示“……的东西，”(有时可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)I think that if you have lost the library book, you must pay for it.
(2)I don’t know what books he likes reading.
(3)You can’t imagine what he was ten years ago.
(4)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.Unit5 On the road-Developing ideas考点精讲&典例示范
【知识概括】
【阅读词汇】
□chain n． □flight n． □café n． □soccer n．
□landscape n． □hike v． □volcano n． □budget n．
□vehicle n． □deer n.
【写作词汇】
1.continent n. 洲，大洲，大陆
2．remote adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
3．cash n. 现款，现金
4.credit n. 赊购，信贷
5．aboard adv. 在船(飞机、火车)上
6．mass n. 大量，许多
【拓展词汇】
1.engage v．参与，参加→engaged adj.忙于；从事于→engagement n．订婚；约定
2.dramatic adj. 激动人心的；给人印象深刻的→dramatically adv.突然地；戏剧地；引人注目地
【重点短语】
1．get__mad 生气；发怒
2．keep__in__touch 保持联系
3．masses__of 大量
4．fall__asleep 入睡
5．cheer__up 振作起来
6．pick__up 取得，得到；购买
7.with__the__help__of... 在……帮助之下
8．be__engaged__in 从事；忙于
9．make__it (及时) 到达； 成功
10．share...with... 与……分享……
11.apply__for 申请
12．in__advance 提前
【重点句型】
1.It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事：This time it__was__Dad’s__turn__to__get__mad(轮到父亲发怒了)！
2．强调句型：It__was__then__that(就是在那时) I realised her seat was empty!
3．There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……：There__is__no__doubt__that(毫无疑问) the Bernina Express is a journey for travellers who want to get back to nature: the train window becomes the TV screen, and the natural world is the show.
【考点精讲】
cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；使振奋；振作
(教材P57)To cheer her up, we went to a typical Quebec restaurant for lunch.
为了让她高兴，我们去了一家典型的魁北克餐厅吃午饭。
(1)cheer sb.on (赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油
(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
①When I’m feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.
当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。
②We did our best to cheer him on when he was about to give up.
当他将要放弃时我们尽力鼓励他。
③Cheer up and face reality. God only helps those who help themselves.
振作起来，面对现实，自助者天助之。
engage v．(使)从事/忙于；参与，参加；使订婚
(教材P55) Adventure tourism: travellers explore unusual or remote destinations, often engaging in risky activities.
冒险旅游：旅行者探索不寻常或遥远的目的地，经常从事一些危险的活动。
(1)engagement n. 订婚；约定
(2)engage (oneself) in (doing) sth. (使)从事；参加
be engaged in 忙于；从事于
①Evidence indicates that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
有证据显示音乐活动能调动大脑的各个部分。
②He will have a number of social engagements(engage) next week.
他下周有几次社交约会。
③The program aims to encourage students to engage themselves in making(make) a difference in society.
这个项目旨在鼓励学生投入社会，并为之带来改变。
④I was totally engaged__in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother’s feelings.
我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。
mass n．大量，许多
(教材P57)There were forests, mountains with snowy tops and masses of ice.
那里有森林、雪山和大量的冰。
a mass of/masses of 许多，大量
the masses 群众
①Don’t give me any more. I’ve eaten masses!
别再给我了，我已经吃了很多了！
②In the wartime, the masses(mass) devoted whatever they had to supporting the army in fighting against the Japanese.
在战争时期，人民群众把他们所有的东西都捐给了抗日军队。
③I have a mass of things to do this morning.
今天上午我有许多事要做。
[温馨提示]
我们还学过一些表示“许多”的短语，根据其后所修饰的名词可分为以下三种情况：
(1)只能修饰不可数名词：a great deal of; a large amount of; quite a little。(2)只能修饰可数名词复数：a large number of; a great/good many; quite a few。
(3)既能修饰可数名词也能修饰不可数名词：plenty of; quantities of/a large quantity of; lots of/a lot of。
keep in touch 保持联系
(教材P57)We’re going to keep in touch, so I now have someone to practise French with!
我们要保持联系，所以我现在找了个人练习法语！
(1)lose touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(动作)
be out of touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(状态)
(2)get in touch with sb. 和某人取得联系(动作)
be in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态)
①From then on, we’ve kept in touch with each other through e－mails.
从那时起，我们通过电子邮件保持联系。
②Please leave your phone number in case we lose__touch__with you again.
请留下电话号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。
③It is hard to get__in__touch__with Lily, for we haven’t been in__touch__with each other since graduation.
我们很难联系上莉莉，因为自从毕业以后我们就相互没有联系过。
[温馨提示]
keep/be in touch with和be out of touch with表示状态，可与时间段连用；而get in touch with和lose touch with表示动作，不能与时间段连用。
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
(教材P53)There is no doubt that the Bernina Express is a journey for travellers who want to get back to nature: the train window becomes the TV screen, and the natural world is the show.
毫无疑问，贝尼娜特快列车就是想回归自然的旅行者的旅程：火车窗口变成了电视屏幕，大自然就是节目本身。
句中There is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”。that引导的是同位语从句，用来说明doubt的具体内容。
(1)without doubt 毫无疑问
(2)I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑是否……
I don’t doubt that... 我确信……
(3)There is (some) doubt whether...对……持有疑问。
①There is no doubt that he will succeed this time.
毫无疑问，他这次一定会成功。
②I don’t doubt that you will succeed one day.
我确信你总有一天会成功的。
③I doubt whether he can vote for us.
我怀疑他能否投票支持我们。
④There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
对秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行我们还有些怀疑。
[温馨提示]
doubt可作动词和名词。
在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后跟that引导的宾语从句(doubt v．)或同位语从句(doubt n．)；
在肯定句中，后接whether或if引导的宾语从句(doubt v．)或whether引导的同位语从句(doubt n．)。
[巧学活用]——词汇升级
(普通表达)The research showed surely that smoking contributes to heart diseases.
(高级表达)The research showed without__doubt that smoking contributes to heart diseases.
