2022届江苏省备战高考英语新题型专项复习讲义语法填空篇(含答案)

文档属性

名称 2022届江苏省备战高考英语新题型专项复习讲义语法填空篇(含答案)
格式 docx
文件大小 38.3KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2022-04-15 12:07:36

图片预览

文档简介

2022年江苏省备战高考英语新题型专项复习(语法填空篇)
题型分析:
语法填空是英语考试中的一种题型。一般是挖空一篇文章,然后根据提示词或上下文完成填空。主要考得是语法知识点。
语法填空一般10题,每题1分,总共10分,以记叙文为主,兼有议论文、说明文,大概200多字。文章内容一般有:生活经历、成功故事、文化习俗、科普小品等。
10个题当中,一般有7道题是有提示词的,有3道左右的题是没有提示词的。
有提示词的,用所给词的正确形式填空。一般考点有词性转换、时态变化、语态变化等,主要考实词。
解题技巧:
1、句型分析
句型分析在整个语法知识的学习中都非常重要,它跟词法紧密结合,也是学好句法的基础。
在语法填空中,经过句型分析,就很清楚所填空格所在短语是啥句子成分,从而确定所填空格的词性,然后填出答案。
2、利用词性知识
比如,形容词修饰名词、副词修饰形容词和动词、介词后面的动词用ing形式等。
3、利用上下文对比
总之,语法填空难度不大,主要考语法知识在文章中的具体使用,只要平时多积累各种词汇和语法知识,熟悉句型分析方法,就能够拿到分了。
解题步骤:
1、首先语法填空最重要的就是语法,所以要熟悉一些基本的语法知识,比如特指人、事、物要用冠词来修饰。
2、另外要注意语句的连贯性,也就是要明白甚至可以猜到句子的意思,然后根据语意来选择出正确的答案。
3、有些时候可以根据句子中的一些并列或者比较的动词来选择形容词和动词的时态和形式。这一点几乎在没到语法填空题中都可以用到。
4、最后要明确这个空应该填哪种形式,比如开头很可能是副词,系动词后面是形容词,to后面是动词原型,在根据句意选择合适的答案。
Doing housework can make us keep life in order and get some exercise.As for me,I learn and get a lot (1)  (much) than that.
I used to be lazy at home.Seeing this,my mother came up with (2)   idea ﹣ I have to earn my pocket money by(3)   (do) housework.
It changed me a lot.I have to manage my time to balance(平衡) schoolwork(4)   house﹣ work.For example,when I can't work (5)   a math problem,I prefer to sweep the floor or tidy up my room (6)  (clear) my mind.I will make a good plan for every coin I earn.I keep an account (账目)to check (7)   something is worth buying.Once my mother told me to buy some toiletries (洗漱用品).I(8)  (quick) made a list,compared prices and(9)  (buy) products that were on sale.I now have a habit of managing money and I know it's great(10)   my mother to look after my family so well!
This is how I learn and get from doing housework ﹣ it's a skill that lasts a lifetime.
【分析】本文以作者自身经历说明了做家务能使我们生活井然有序并得到锻炼.
【解答】1.more.考查比较级.此处表示"对我来说,我学到了很多,得到了更多",根据后面的than可知这里要用much的比较级more.
2.an.考查冠词.此处表示"提出一个想法",因此用不定冠词an修饰idea.
3.doing.考查动名词.by是介词,后面跟动名词作宾语.
4.and.考查连词.句意:我必须管理好我的时间来平衡功课和家务,由此可知这里要用并列连词and.
5.out.考查介词及固定短语.work out意为"计算出,解出(数学题答案)",因此填介词out.
6.to clear.考查不定式.通过分析可知这里用不定式作目的状语.
7.whether/if.考查连词.句意:我开了一个帐户,检查有没有值得买的东西,这里是一个宾语从句,结合语境可知此处表示"是否",因此填whether/if.
8.quickly.考查副词.此处用副词修饰动词短语made a list.
9.bought.考查时态.根据and前面的made以及compared可知这里是表示几个动作的连续使用,因此这里也要用一般过去时.
10.for.考查介词.句意:我现在有理财的习惯,我知道母亲能照顾好我的家庭是件好事,这里是固定句型it's +adj.+for sb.to do sth.其中it是形式主语,因此这里填介词for表示"对某人来说".
【点评】考查语法填空.语法填空主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空.做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识.本题考到的知识点有:固定的短语,词类的转换,名词的复数形式,副词以及祈使句的用法等.因此,这就需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识.
On April 22nd,the UNEP(United Nation Environment Programme) called for increasing protection of Antarctica, (1)  is the world's most southern continent. (2)  (scientist) say climate change and human activity have (3)  (increasing) led to the melting of massive pieces of Antarctic ice.Not only is the disappearance of ice affecting wildlife (4)  the area such as seals and penguins,but also causing oceans and seas around the globe (5)  (rise).
This leads to an even (6)  (big) threat to coastal cities.For instance,Venice,an ancient city of Italy,has long been threatened by the rising sea levels.So far,this situation (7)  (make) worse by the fact that its ancient houses (8)  (build) on a body of water are slowly sinking.In addition,the salty water is also destroying both famous buildings (9)  priceless artworks of Venice.Therefore,it's high time that action should be taken to fix (10)  serious problem.
【分析】本文主要讲的是气候变化和人类活动日益导致南极大片冰层融化.冰层的消失不仅影响到野生动植物在海豹和企鹅等地区,也造成了全球海洋的上升,这给沿海城市带来了更大的威胁,联合国环境规划署呼吁加强对南极洲的保护.
【解答】1.which.考查定语从句引导词.这里是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是Antarctica,且从句缺少主语,因此要用关系代词which来引导.
2.Scientists.考查名词单复数.scientist是可数名词,根据已经可知这里要用复数形式.
3.increasingly.考查副词.此处用副词修饰动词have led to.
4.in.考查介词.此处表示"冰层的消失不仅影响到该地区的野生动物,如海豹和企鹅",in this area意为"在这一地区".
5.to rise.考查不定式.此处表示"导致全球海洋上升",cause …to do sth.意为"导致…做某事.".
6.bigger.考查比较级.句意:这给沿海城市带来了更大的威胁,even后面要跟形容词比较级.
7.has been made.考查时态语态.句意:到目前为止,由于建在水体上的古老房屋正在慢慢下沉,这种情况变得更糟了,根据so far可知这里要用 现在完成时,另外主语this situation与make之间是被动关系,因此填has been made.
8.built.考查非谓语动词.通过分析可知这里要用非谓语动词作定语修饰its ancient houses,它与所给动词build之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词.
9.and.考查连词及固定短语.句意:此外,咸水还破坏了威尼斯的著名建筑和价值连城的艺术品,both…and…是固定短语,意为"两者都…".
10.the.考查冠词.句意:因此,现在是采取行动解决这个严重问题的时候了,结合上下文可知这里用定冠词the表示特指.
【点评】考查语法填空.语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力,在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意,在读懂短文的基础上,结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析.要解决好语法填空,离不开坚实的语法知识,有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断,从而答对题目.
Up to 82 percent of children with healthy mothers are not easy to be obese (肥胖的), according to research. A mother,(1)  has a healthy weight, exercises regularly, eats a healthy diet, doesn't smoke and only (2)  (drink) wine in moderation, is significantly less likely (3)  (have) a fat child, scientists say.
And research suggests it could be more to do with nurture (养育)(4)  nature, as a mother's lifestyle appears (5)  (direct) linked to the health of her child. When both mother and child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity(6)  (reduce) even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.
The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children aged nine (7)  fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers looked at the link between overall mother health and likelihood of a child (8)  (be) obese.
The mother's health was judged on her height﹣to﹣weight ratio (比例), her diet, amount of physical (9)  (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drank. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all reduce the chance of a woman having (10)   obese child.
【分析】文章讲述了研究表明,拥有健康生活方式母亲的孩子不容易肥胖.
【解答】1. who.考查定语从句.句意:专家称,一个体重正常、经常锻炼、饮食健康、不吸烟、适量饮酒的母亲生出肥胖孩子的可能性要小得多.此处为非限定性定语从句,先行词为mother,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who.
2. drinks. 考查主谓一致和时态.句意参考上题解析.此处与has,exercises和eats等作并列谓语,时态为一般现在时,应该用第三人称单数形式,故填drinks.
3. to have. 考查不定式.句意参考第1题解析.be likely to do表示"可能做某事",故填to have.
4.than. 查介词.句意:研究表明,这可能更多地与后天因素有关,而不是先天因素,因为母亲的生活方式似乎与孩子的健康直接相关.根据前面的"more"判断此处用than表示比较,故填than.
5. directly. 考查副词.句意参考上题解析.修饰linked用副词,故填directly.
6. is reduced. 考查时态和语态.句意:这项对24,000名儿童进行的研究发现,当母亲和孩子都遵循健康的生活方式时,肥胖的风险甚至会降低更多.描述的是客观事实,the risk of obesity与reduce之间是被动关系,应该用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is reduced.
7.to. 考查介词.这项研究调查了美国近17,000名妇女所生的24,000多名9到14岁的儿童的病史和生活方式.from…to…表示"从……到",故填to.
8.being. 考查分词作定语.句意:研究人员研究了母亲的整体健康状况与孩子肥胖的可能性之间的关系.child是逻辑主语,空格处作介词of的宾语用动名词,故填being.
9.activity. 考查名词.句意:母亲的健康状况由身高体重比、饮食、运动量、吸烟情况和饮酒量等因素决定.此处的运动表示抽象意义,不可数,故填activity.
10.an. 考查冠词.句意:健康的体重和饮食,定期锻炼,不吸烟以及适度饮酒都能降低女性生一个肥胖孩子的几率.此处泛指一个肥胖的孩子,obese以元音音素开头,故填an.
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空.做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识.本题考到的知识点有:固定的短语,词类的转换,名词的复数形式,副词以及祈使句的用法等.因此,这就需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识.
How Quality Sleep Protects Your Brain
Having trouble thinking creatively?Not able to focus on tasks that need to get done?Poor sleep could potentially be (1)   (blame).It turns out lack of seep can do a number on your brain﹣ and not just in the short term.
Research suggests not getting enough quality sleep can have serious permanent negative consequences.On the other hand,good sleep habits can have lasting benefits.Below are three research﹣backed brain benefits of sleep.
Stimulates creativity
Thinking in new,imaginative ways requires a well﹣rested brain.On the contrary,a brain(2)  (suffer) from a lack of seep is unable to think creatively.
A study (3)  (report) in the journal Nature bears this out.For the study,participants learned a task (4)  they had to recognize a hidden pattern in the questions they were asked.Their initial training (5)  (follow) by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness.
More than twice as many participants gained insight into the hidden rule after sleep as those who did after wakefulness,regardless of the time of day.The researchers concluded that "sleep,by restructuring new memory representations,(6)  (facilitate)obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior."
Reduces depression
Often influenced by chemical imbalances in he brain,depression and sleep problems go hand﹣in﹣hand.People with depression may either have a hard time sleeping or else get too much sleep.
While it's not clear(7)   lack of sleep causes depression,it can worsen it.Studies show people who sleep fewer than six or more than nine hours a night are more likely to be depressed than those (8)  between.
Solidifies memories
One of sleep's main functions is to help improve memory.It does this by enabling the brain to strengthen some neural pathways(神经通路)(9)  reducing those it doesn't need.For example,your brain(10)  (not need) to keep every sensory impression collected luring your waking hours.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高质量的睡眠是如何保护你的大脑的。
【解答】(1)to blame.考查短语。句意:睡眠不好可能是罪魁祸首。be to blame该受责备;应负责任。故填to blame。
(2)suffering.考查现在分词。句意:相反,缺乏睡眠的大脑无法创造性地思考。名词brain与suffer from之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语。故填suffering。
(3)reported.考查过去分词。句意:发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究证实了这一点。名词study与report之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填reported。
(4)where.考查定语从句。句意:在这项研究中,参与者学习了一项任务,他们必须在被问及的问题中识别出隐藏的模式。句中先行词为task,在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
(5)was followed.考查时态和语态。句意:他们最初的训练之后是8小时的夜间睡眠或清醒或白天清醒。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。主语training与follow之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was followed。
(6)facilitates.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:研究人员得出结论:"通过重组新的记忆表征,睡眠有助于获得有表现力的知识和有洞察力的行为。"陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。主语sleep为不可数名词,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填facilitates。
(7)whether/if.考查名词性从句。句意:虽然目前还不清楚睡眠不足是否会导致抑郁症,但它可能会使抑郁症恶化。本句为主语从句,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,且有"是否"之意。故填whether/if。
(8)in.考查介词。句意:研究表明,每晚睡眠时间少于6个小时或超过9个小时的人比睡眠时间介于两者之间的人更容易抑郁。这里表示"在少于6个小时或超过9个小时两者之间",所以用介词in。故填in。
(9)while.考查连词。句意:它通过使大脑加强某些神经通路,同时减少不需要的神经通路来做到这一点。结合句意可知,这里用连词while,表示"与……同时",引导时间状语从句。故填while。
(10)doesn't need.考查时态。句意:例如,你的大脑不需要在你醒着的时候收集每一个感官印象。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。主语是your brain是单数,所以用第三人称单数。故填doesn't need。
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时,要在理解文章的基础上,灵活运用语法知识,如词性,时态,名词单复数,连接词,代词,冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后,还要通读全文,核对所填单词形式是否正确,是否符合语境。
When I left for the United States to study,I had butterflies in my stomach.I was nervous because I was going to(1)   new place with new people and new customs.I couldn't even understand (2)   (they) language.Everything was different (3)   my own country.There was nobody that I could talk to.I just had my husband,(4)   was a new person for me,too.
It was a sad moment when I had to say goodbye to my family and friends.I didn't want (5)   (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful (6)   (memory) of the place.So,(7)  (think) about all these changes made me nervous and I was (8)   (worry) about my new life.But studying abroad was a(9)  (decide) that I made myself.I had to continue and accept the challenge.I looked forward to (10)   (visit) my family in the summer vacation.
【分析】本文主要讲述作者到国外学习,到一个不同于自己的国家去一切都是陌生的,不免有点担心.但到国外学习是自己作出的决定,得接受这个挑战.
【解答】
1.a 考查冠词.place意为"地方",是可数名词,单数前加不定冠词a.
2.their 考查代词.language是名词,其前用形容词性物主代词,主格代词they的形容词性物主代词是their.
3.from 考查介词.be different from是固定搭配,意为"不同与…".
4.who 考查关系代词.分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句,先行词 my husband指人,用关系代词who.
5.to leave 考查动词不定式.want后接动词时用动词不定式,即:want to do sth.,意为"想要做某事".
6.memories 考查名词.memory意为"回忆",当描述的事物有多方面的回忆时用复数.
7.thinking 考查动名词.made是谓语动词,其主语用动词think动名词形式作主语,表示倾向性.
8.worried 考查过去分词.句意为"我对新生活非常担心",此处worried过去分词作表语表示主语的特征,主语往往是人,构成固定搭配be worried about,故答案为worried.
9.decision 考查名词.不定冠词a后接名词,动词decide的名词是decision.
10.visiting 考查动名词.动词短语look forward to中to是介词,后面接动词时要用动名词作宾语.
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力,在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意,在读懂短文的基础上,结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析.要解决好语法填空,离不开坚实的语法知识,有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断,从而答对题目.
Why modern music should quieten down
Quietness may be underestimated values in pop music. (1)   (look) up "the loudest band in the world" and you will be confronted with a large number of rock giants from Manowar who proudly achieved a sound pressure level of 139 dB to Motor﹣head.The pickings are slim (2)   we substitute "quiet" for "loud".
In a way,increasing the volume of a song makes biological sense,something the music industry (3)   (exploit) since the jukebox era.There is an organ in the inner ear called sacculus that in linked to a region of the brain(4)   (associate) with pleasure and react to low﹣frequency vibrations over 90 dB.
On the other hand, (5)   (focus)sorely on loudness ignores the infinitely more subtle appeal of being quiet.A French band called "Air",(6)   twenty﹣years collection was released on June 10,are masters of the art.As any teacher knows,quietness can be more effective than shouting to make people pay attention.Air employed this gentle persuasion on Moon Safari,an album that attracts the listener(7)   the peaceful sound of rain and muted drums.Even when Air do increase the volume,the vocalist's voice remains one of(8)   (gentle) noises in pop.Given its warmth and peacefulness,it is no coincidence(9)   the album was a favourite among clubbers after a night out.It is a time when the desire for kindness,companionship and warmth prevails.
So forget the "loudness war".Manowar(10)   be happy with their 139 dB,but they are comprehensively defeated by fireworks,which reach 145 to 150 dB when they explode,and the call of the blue whale,which goes all the way up to 188 dB.Now that's something to shout about.
【分析】现代音乐追求高分贝,而忽视了安静的力量,本文讲述了为什么现代音乐应该安静下来。
【解答】(1)Look.考查祈使句。句意:查看"世界上最响亮的乐队",你会看到大量来自Manowar的摇滚巨人,他们自豪地达到了139分贝的声压水平。本句为祈使句+and的句型,所以用动词原形,故填Look。
(2)if/when.考查连词。句意:当我们用"安静"代替"大声"时,选择余地很小。表示"当……的时候",所以用when引导时间状语从句,也可以表示"如果",用if引导条件状语从句,故填if/when。
(3)has exploited / has been exploiting.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在某种程度上,提高歌曲的音量是有生物学意义的,这是自点唱机时代以来音乐产业一直在开发的东西。since常和现在完成时态连用,也可以表示"一直",所以用现在完成进行时,主语为单数名词,故填has exploited / has been exploiting。
(4)associated.考查过去分词。句意:内耳中有一种叫做小囊的器官,它与大脑中与快乐相关的区域相联系,并对超过90分贝的低频振动做出反应。associate和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填associated。
(5)focusing.考查动名词。句意:另一方面,过分关注音量忽略了安静所带来的无限微妙的吸引力。作主语,所以用动名词,故填focusing。
(6)whose.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:6月10日,法国乐队"Air"发行了20年的专辑,他们是艺术大师。先行词为band,在非限制性定语从句中作定语,故填whose。
(7)with.考查介词。句意:Air在《Moon Safari》中运用了这种温和的劝说,这张专辑以宁静的雨声和柔和的鼓声吸引了听众。表示"用",后跟名词,所以用介词with,故填with。
(8)the gentlest.考查形容词最高级和冠词。句意:即使Air确实提高了音量,歌手的声音仍然是流行音乐中最柔和的声音之一。前面有one of,所以用形容词最高级作定语,形容词最高级前面加定冠词,故填the gentlest。
(9)that.考查主语从句。句意:考虑到它的温暖和平静,这张专辑成为俱乐部成员的最爱并非巧合。it作形式主语,后面跟完整的句子作真正主语,所以用that引导,that不作成分无含义,故填that。
(10)may.考查情态动词。句意:Manowar可能对自己的139分贝感到满意,但他们完全被烟花和蓝鲸的叫声打败了,烟花爆炸时的分贝高达145至150分贝,蓝鲸的叫声最高可达188分贝。表示对现在的推测,语气不大强烈,所以用情态动词may,故填may。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有:固定的短语,词类的转换,名词的复数形式,副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此,这就需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。