2022届高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致总复习学案（无答案）

第三章 主谓一致
主谓一致定义
英语语法中，要求句子的主语和谓语在人称以及数量上保持一致。谓语动词的使用分为两种情况：单数和复数；一般情况下，主语是复数主语，谓语动词采用复数形式；主语是单数主语，谓语动词采用单数形式。
谓语动词 单数 复数
be动词
助动词
实意动词 直接加 动词原形
sh/ch/s/x/o结尾, 加
辅音加y结尾,
情态动词 情态动词无单复数的变化
Two boys _____(be) playing in the river. 译：这两个男孩正在河里玩耍。
Tom _____ (have) learned English for ten years. 译：汤姆学英语有两年时间了。
（一）语法一致
主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语是复数，谓语用复数
1）不定式_____，动名词_____，从句作主语一般用_____ (注：后面表语是复数名词用复数)
Passing the exam _____ (be) the most important thing for us.
译：
When and where to build the company _____ (have) not been decided.
译：
What we need _____ (be) another chance.
译：
What we need _____ (be) many cups for the picnic.
译：
2）当句子主语由________（许多）、_____、_____和no修饰时，谓语动词用_____：
Many a woman and many a man _____ (be) paying attention to the lecture.
译：
Every possible means _____ (have) been tried in the past few hours.
译：
3）谓语动词单复数以所接名词的单复数为准的短语
①表示许多的：lots of/plenty of/a lot of/ a multitude of若接复数名词，谓语用_____；若接不可数名词，谓语用_____。
A multitude of experts from the World Health Organization _____ (object) to the program.
译：
②表部分的：all of＞most of＞half of＞part of＞some of＞the rest of后若接复数名词，谓语用_____；若接不可数名词，谓语用_____。
Some of the the area __________ (be) polluted by industrial wastewater.
译：
③分数/百分数后若接复数名词，谓语用_____；若接不可数名词，谓语用_____。
Two thirds of the absent __________ (provide) various of reasons for their absence.
译：
Ten percent of furniture __________ (be) transported from Africa to America.
译：
（二）语义一致
形单意复，谓语用复数；形复意单，谓语用单数
1）学科名词：以__________结尾的__________、以-s结尾专有名词,如：politics（政治学）, mathematics（数学）, ethics（伦理学）, physics（物理学）等,谓语通常用__________。
Ethics __________ (be) a kind of subject that we rarely learn in Middle school.
译：
2）表______________________________等名词作主语时，谓语通常用__________
Three __________ (be) necessary for the group to make a plan.
译：
3）__________做主语表示一类人，谓语用__________。如：the dead（去世的人）, the diligent（勤奋的人）, the young（年轻人）等
The old __________ (be) well taken care of in the community.
译：
4）谓语动词单复数以短语表义为准
①a number of + 复数名词， “__________” 谓语动词用__________
the number of + 复数名词， “__________” 谓语动词用__________
The number of the present __________ (be) about 1 million and a number of them __________ (be) from China.
译：
②one of + 复数名词 “__________” 谓语动词用__________
the only one of + 复数名词 “__________” 谓语动词用__________
He is one of the students who __________ (arrive)on time.
He is the only one of the students who __________ (arrive) on time.
5）集合名词做主语
① 集合名词为复数的情况：police, people, militia（民兵），youth, cattle（牛群）
The youth __________ (be) a symbol of the country.
译：
The cattle __________ (be) rushing towards the crowded.
译：牛群向人群冲过来了。
②集合名词为单数的情况：machinery（器械）, merchandise（商品）, furniture（家具）, luggage（行李）, equipment（装备），做主语时，谓语用单数形式。
All the furniture __________ (be) made in China.
译：所有的家具都是中国制造。
Their luggage __________ (be) sent by air.
译：他们的行李都是空运的。
③集合名词可作单数，可作复数：audience, family, class, team, government, committee. 当指代整体时，谓语用单数；当指团体中的成员时，谓语用复数。
The class __________ (be) bigger than others and the class __________ (be) having English lesson.
译：这个班比其他班都大并且现在这个班的学生正在上英语课。
6）and 连接的两个名词或代词做主语的主谓一致问题：
①一般情况：主语属于复数，谓语用复数。
Tom and Jerry __________ (be) good friends.
译：汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。
②当主语前都有the/a/an 修饰时，通常指二个人，谓语用复数；若只有第一个名词前有修饰，则指一个人，谓语用单数。
The singer and the actor __________ (be) very famous.
译：
The singer and actor __________ (be) very famous.
译：
③由and连接的2个名词，但是指一个整体概念，谓语用单数。
Law and order法律秩序 Coffee and tea咖啡奶茶
Early to bed and early to rise早睡早起 Bread and butter黄油面包
译：黄油面包是早餐一种较好的选择。
（三）就近原则
当句子中两个并列主语由
①__________（...或者...）；②__________（或者...或者...）；③__________（既不是...也不是...）；
④__________（不是...而是...）；⑤__________（不仅...而且...）等连接的
以及⑥__________句型中，谓语动词与离它__________的主语的单复数保持一致。
Not only Tom but also his friends __________ (be) fond of watching television.
译：Tom和他的朋友们都喜欢看电视。
Not the lady but the other people __________ (win) the game.
译：不是这位女士而是其他人赢得了比赛。
__________ (Be) either you or he to blame
译：是怪你还是怪他？
There __________ (be) an apple tree and many apples.
译：这里有一颗苹果树和许多苹果。
（四）就远原则
当前后两个主语由以下四组结构连接时，谓语动词的单复数与离它__________的主语的单复数保持一致。
表示和...一起：__________, together with, along with, coupled with, accompanied with
表示除了...：but, except
表示包括...，...也...：besides, including, in addition to, as well as
表示而不是...，不少于...：rather than, no less than
Mary, coupled with her classmates, __________ (have) been to the Forbidden City three times.
译：Mary和她的同学已经去过紫禁城三次了。
I no less than he __________ (be) eager to go to the Summer Palace.
译：我想去颐和园的意愿不少于他。
Sherlock including Watson __________ (be) popular among the young.
译：夏洛克和华生都很受年轻人欢迎。