2022届高考英语二轮专题复习被动语态课件（20张PPT）

(共20张PPT)
Passive Voice
被动语态(Passive Voice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be + v-ed形式。
一.构成：被动语态的构成是“be+及物动词的过去分词”，be本身无词义，但是有时态，人称和数的变化。
动词的被动语态
1. 被动语态在时态方面的变化
1）一般现在时 am/is/are + v-ed
You're wanted on the telephone.
有人给你打电话。
2）一般过去时 was/were + v-ed
The book was finished last week.
这书是上周写完的。
3）一般将来时 will be + v-ed
You'll be allowed to go out tomorrow.
明天让你出去。
4) 过去将来时 should/would+be done
She said those flowers would be watered.
她说那些花该被浇水了。
5）现在进行时被动 is/am/are+being done
过去进行时 was/were+being done
① The building is being built.
这幢楼正在建设之中。
②The bikes were being repaired
at that time.
那时正在修自行车。
6）现在完成时 have/has+been done
和过去完成时had +been done
①This book has been translated into
English.
这本书已被译成英语。
②The building had been completed before I
arrived.
在我来之前，那座大楼已经完工了。
2. 特殊形式的被动语态
1）含情态动词 情态动词 +be done
The machine must be operated with care. 这机器必须小心操作。
2）含双宾语的动词的被动语态 如：give, send, teach, show, tell, pay, offer, pass, promise等
We gave the student some books.
我们给了这个学生几本书。
----The student was given some books by us.
----Some books were given to the student by us.
3) 短语动词
The old woman was often laughed at.
Time must be made full use of.
注意:短语中的介词或副词不可遗漏。
如：look after, call on, take care of, pay attention to等
4)复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的动词变被动时，
一般情况：宾语变主语，宾补就成了主补。
Eg:All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
----The houses was painted white by all the villagers.
但是如果是感官动词和使役动词跟不定式作宾补时 在主动语态中，to 可以省略，而在被动语态中，to 则要还原。常见动词有：see/ hear/ make/ watch/ notice/ help/ feel 等。
I saw her enter the room.
我看到她进入了房间。
---She was seen to enter the room (by me)
她被我看到进入了房间。
They made the children work 12 hours a day.
他们让孩子们一天工作12个小时。
---The children were made to work 12 hours a day.
5）主动表示被动的情况
首先，连系动词。如：taste, feel, smell,sound, look, stay 等。
Eg: The desk feels smooth.
The dish smells nice.
其次，一些不及物动词，如sell,wear,wash, read,write等这些词，与副词easily, well,nicely,smoothly连用时，多为主动表被动。
Eg:
This book sells well.
The dress wears very well.
This kind of cloth washes well.
This pen writes smoothly.
再次，to do 不定式主动表示被动时，
（1）不定式作定语与被修饰词的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。
Eg:
I'll give you a wonderful article to read.
Please lend me a pen to write with.
（2）在“主语+be +adj. + to do ”结构时，在这个句型中，主语是不定式的逻辑
宾语，且常见形容词是说明to do 不定式的特性，如：easy, diffcult, hard, pleasant,comfortable,fit 等。
eg:
The question is easy to answer.
The water is fit to drink.
The room is comfortable to live in.
二．被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行是谁时 The book is written for teachers.
这种书是为教师写的。
2) 强调动作的承受者
The shop is run by a young man.
这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。
3) 动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。
The window glass was broken by a stone.
窗户的玻璃是石头打碎的。
4) 在文章标题，广告，新闻等中。
Girls wanted. 招女工。
The destroyer is reported to have been sunk.
据报道，这艘驱逐舰被击没了。
教材原文回顾检测：
1.The robot was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.
这个机器人即将被Larry的妻子Claire测试。
2.By that time，Tony expected the house to be transformed completely.
到那时，汤尼希望房子被完全改变。
3.The women were impressed by Claire，the house and the delicious cuisine.
那些女士对Claire, 房子及美味的佳肴印象深刻。
4.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！
被那些女士羡慕是多么美好的胜利啊！
5.As we drew closer，I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
当我们逐渐靠近时，我可以看见一头鲸鱼被其他的大约六头虎鲸袭击。
高考习题链接（Exs）:
1. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ____(reach) so far by the sides.
2. Seeing this,I _____(touch) and appreciated the kindness he brought to the world.
3.Whistling by listeners ______(regard) as a sign of approval in some countries.
4. On their way to Sichuan, a full range of activities _____(hold) in the next month.
5. It is the third time so far that such a meeting ____(hold) in my hometown.
高考习题链接（keys）:
1.has been reached
2. was touched
3.is regarded
4. will be held
5. has been held