2022届高考英语二轮复习提分计划基础语法之词法篇现在完成时学案
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习提分计划基础语法之词法篇现在完成时学案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-16 12:28:27 | ||
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2022英语二轮复习提分计划基础语法之词法篇
动词部分
12. 现在完成时
Ⅰ. 考情分析
命题人常将现在完成时、被动语态与主谓一致相结合，以考查考生的综合能力，有时会考查其基本结构。做题时，动词的时态要和该句的时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致。此外，还要留意主语和谓语之间是主动还是被动关系。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 结构
主动语态 被动语态
has/have+过去分词 has/have+been+过去分词
2. 概念：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，一般和与现在有联系的时间状语(从句)连用：
①already, recently, lately, in recent years, so far, up to now, for+时间段；
②during/in/over the last/past+时间段；
③since引导的时间状语或状语从句。
做有关现在完成时态的试题，首先要熟悉完成时态的概念，与之连用的时间状语，然后要结合语境去分析。若有时间状语，抓住关键信息就可得出最佳答案。若没有时间状语，就要根据上下文中其他句子的时态去分析判断用何种完成时态。
【附】现在完成进行时：
1. 结构：have/has been doing
2. 概念：现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。现在完成进行时强调的是动作的过程及持续性，可用来解释某一现象。
I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(还将继续学习下去)
We are very tired. We’ve been cleaning the house. 我们很累，我们刚才在打扫房子。(强调该动作所导致)
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1]In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains __38__(force) village shops across the country to close.
[简析] has forced。
[例2] In recent years, stress __33__ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
[简析] has been regarded。 考查时态和语态，本句的时间状语in recent years“最近几年以来”常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式。
[例3] “ Zootopia” (22 )____ (praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release.
[简析]has been praised
[例4] Since 2011, the country __61__(grow) more corn than rice.
[简析] has grown，本题考查时态。时间状语since 2011“自从2011年”常与现在完成时连用。
[例5]You probably __56__(use) caffeine since childhood.
[简析]have used/ have been using 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语since childhood可知，since表示这一情况从过去某时一直持续到现在，还有可能持续下去，故用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
[例6]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut __65__(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
[简析] have reported。时间状语in recent years“近年来”常与现在完成时连用。
[例7] I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __66__(make) over the years.
[简析] have made。时间状语over the years“这些年来”常与现在完成时连用。
[例8]It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, __ 56 __ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. (2021浙江卷)
[简析]has proved/has proven 考查动词时态。since引导时间状语从句时，从句中常用一般过去时，主句中常用现在完成时，所以此处应用现在完成时；又因主句的主语是Lincoln’s home，属于可数名词的单数形式，所以此处应用第三人称单数；prove的过去分词形式有两个，一是proved，二是proven。故填has proved/has proven。
[例9]There __ 17 __ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. (2021北京卷-17)
[简析]has been，考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。
二、短文改错
[例1]The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.
[简析]删除been。
[例2] Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.
[简析]had →have。
[例3]Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
[简析]删除been。句子主语“大量研究”与谓语动词“表明”之间是主动关系。
[例4]I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
[简析]had →have。根据时间状语in the past few years可知，本句用现在完成时态。
动词部分
12. 现在完成时
Ⅰ. 考情分析
命题人常将现在完成时、被动语态与主谓一致相结合，以考查考生的综合能力，有时会考查其基本结构。做题时，动词的时态要和该句的时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致。此外，还要留意主语和谓语之间是主动还是被动关系。
Ⅱ. 考点回顾
1. 结构
主动语态 被动语态
has/have+过去分词 has/have+been+过去分词
2. 概念：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，一般和与现在有联系的时间状语(从句)连用：
①already, recently, lately, in recent years, so far, up to now, for+时间段；
②during/in/over the last/past+时间段；
③since引导的时间状语或状语从句。
做有关现在完成时态的试题，首先要熟悉完成时态的概念，与之连用的时间状语，然后要结合语境去分析。若有时间状语，抓住关键信息就可得出最佳答案。若没有时间状语，就要根据上下文中其他句子的时态去分析判断用何种完成时态。
【附】现在完成进行时：
1. 结构：have/has been doing
2. 概念：现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。现在完成进行时强调的是动作的过程及持续性，可用来解释某一现象。
I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(还将继续学习下去)
We are very tired. We’ve been cleaning the house. 我们很累，我们刚才在打扫房子。(强调该动作所导致)
Ⅲ. 真题感悟
一、语法填空
[例1]In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains __38__(force) village shops across the country to close.
[简析] has forced。
[例2] In recent years, stress __33__ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
[简析] has been regarded。 考查时态和语态，本句的时间状语in recent years“最近几年以来”常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式。
[例3] “ Zootopia” (22 )____ (praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release.
[简析]has been praised
[例4] Since 2011, the country __61__(grow) more corn than rice.
[简析] has grown，本题考查时态。时间状语since 2011“自从2011年”常与现在完成时连用。
[例5]You probably __56__(use) caffeine since childhood.
[简析]have used/ have been using 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语since childhood可知，since表示这一情况从过去某时一直持续到现在，还有可能持续下去，故用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
[例6]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut __65__(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
[简析] have reported。时间状语in recent years“近年来”常与现在完成时连用。
[例7] I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __66__(make) over the years.
[简析] have made。时间状语over the years“这些年来”常与现在完成时连用。
[例8]It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, __ 56 __ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. (2021浙江卷)
[简析]has proved/has proven 考查动词时态。since引导时间状语从句时，从句中常用一般过去时，主句中常用现在完成时，所以此处应用现在完成时；又因主句的主语是Lincoln’s home，属于可数名词的单数形式，所以此处应用第三人称单数；prove的过去分词形式有两个，一是proved，二是proven。故填has proved/has proven。
[例9]There __ 17 __ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. (2021北京卷-17)
[简析]has been，考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。
二、短文改错
[例1]The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.
[简析]删除been。
[例2] Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.
[简析]had →have。
[例3]Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
[简析]删除been。句子主语“大量研究”与谓语动词“表明”之间是主动关系。
[例4]I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
[简析]had →have。根据时间状语in the past few years可知，本句用现在完成时态。