【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题二十 完型填空之说明文&议论文（原卷版）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
高中英语完型填空部分在高考试卷中占有重要地位。其中，完型填空之说明文与议论文经常会出现在试题中。在说明文与议论文类型的完型填空中，作者大多会在文章的首句点题，提出将要说明的事务等对象，或者在议论文中将议论的主题在首句点出，并且在各个分句的开头提出分论点。
说明文中有：实体事例说明文，事理说明文，文艺性说明文。只要能按着时间、空间和逻辑顺序等情况把握好文章脉络，顺着作者的思路就能顺利解题。对于议论文，解题时需要注意议论文的三要素：论点、论据、结论。注意根据作者提供的论点、论据来理解文章作者在文章中反映出的某种思想，使之能正确解题。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
一、说明文完型填空的特点
此类文章常围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文有：
1. 实体事例说明文：实体事物指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品等。包括：说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。
2. 事理说明文：事理指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等。包括：理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。
3. 文艺性说明文：此类文章说明对象拟人化，以故事形式进行介绍。其特点是在文中开头就会有点题，而且文章结构很清晰。
因此，做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是具体实物还是理论性概念。明确说明对象是掌握说明细节的前提。一般情况下，作者在文章的首句就会直接提出说明的对象。
说明文的写作一般按着时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序来进行的，顺着作者的思路，理清整篇文章的脉络，即可顺利答题。
二、议论文完型填空的特点
议论文的完形填空首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
解题时要注意议论文的三要素：论点、论据、结论。所以，议论文论点明确、结构清晰，论点与论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词。了解这些特点，有利于正确解题。
三、说明文与议论文完型填空解题技巧
1. 认真阅读首句，抓住文章主题
出题者在设计此类完形填空试题时，常会保留一个完整的、或是大半个完整的表达主旨的句子。通常，这个主旨大意的句子常会在文章的开头。因此，考生必须完全理解整篇文章的开头句子，分利用段开头句提供的信息挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。
2. 找出时间、空间、逻辑顺序，理清文章脉络
说明文的写作一般按时间与空间顺序以及逻辑关系进行写作的。所以理出顺序与关系有助于正确解题。
时间顺序：事件发生的先后；
空间顺序：从上到下、从内到外、从局部到整体；
逻辑顺序：前因后果，先果后因，先主后次；
解题时需注意说明文层次清晰，整体性强，递进性词汇和名词的设题出现较多。把握好这一特点，就可以顺着作者的思路正确解题。
3. 先易后难、瞻前顾后
在理解文章大意的前提下，结合各个选项的词义与用法、本着先易后难的原则，先越过完全没有把握的题目，将相对有把握的选项填上。然后再根据部分填完空的全文通读一遍，会对全文有更全面的理解，这将会有助于完成残留的全部空格。
总之，通读全文，理解大意；重视首句，跳过空格；浏览全文，整体感知。这几点是正确解题的基础。
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 西藏拉萨1模试卷）
On my way home from coaching basketball yesterday, I was listening to WGN, my favorite talk radio station. What 1 me was that Bob Collins, the morning show man for WGN, had been killed in an accident. He was a man who was 2 by many. The radio told story after story. 3 him as the best friend. True love and feelings 4 in from all over the country. The more I listened about how this man had influenced those around him, the more 5 I became.
I was upset because I wanted to know 6 we wait until somebody has passed away 7 we tell them how much we love them
I now have a stronger determination to tell those around me how much they 8 to me. I am going to let my wife know just how loved and 9 she is, not only by my words, but also by my 10 . I am going to play Batman with my son more often, and in the middle of our romping(嬉戏), I am going to grab him, hug him tightly, and tell him how 11 I am that he is my son.
Do you love someone Then 12 them! Has someone been an influence in your life Then give them a call! Has someone had a positive effect on you in your life Then write them a letter or send them an e-mail! Don’t let another day 13 without letting that person know. There is something 14 about a written letter that 15 feelings of love towards another. I don’t know about you, but I have letters and cards from people that I have 16 for years, and 17 , I get them out and reread them. They can turn a depressing day into one when you 18 just how blessed and loved you are.
Life is too 19 to leave kind words unsaid. The words you say, or the letter you write, might just make all the 20 in the world.
1. A. shocked B. excited C. worried D. confused
2. A. loved B. hated C. judged D. criticized
3. A. explaining B. describing C. advising D. thinking
4. A. threw B. poured C. filled D. crowded
5. A. comfortable B. disappointed C. discouraged D. cheerful
6. A. what B. how C. where D. why
7. A. when B. because C. after D. before
8. A. mean B. symbolize C. refer D. represent
9. A. admired B. appreciated C. accepted D. affected
10. A. sounds B. actions C. opinions D. ideas
11. A. useful B. hopeful C. thankful D. wonderful
12. A. inform B. notice C. tell D. ask
13. A. go by B. go over C. go out D. go off
14. A. special B. strange C. difficult D. funny
15. A. indicates B. expresses C. displays D. discovers
16. A. bought B. written C. sent D. saved
17. A. first of all B.in the end C. now and then D.at a time
18. A. realize B. recognize C. recall D. remember
19. A. long B. short C. hard D. easy
20. A. effect B. influence C. difference D. function
2.（20219年高考 浙江卷）
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the 36 the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one 37 Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving 38 on discarded (丢弃) food. The three-month, 1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 39 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can 40 , the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants 41 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal 44 , most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste. "Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food," Dubanchet said.
What’s 47 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
"I have to get food 52 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 53 ," Dubanchet explained. "Is my 54 full or empty That is the most important thing, not what I am eating."
He aims to 55 his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.
36. A. cleverer B. older C. stranger D. simpler
37. A. garbage-eating B. sports-loving C. food-wasting D. law-breaking
38. A. secretly B. finally C. entirely D. probably
39. A. purpose B. way C. opinion D. dream
40. A. observe B. imagine C. suggest D. remember
41. A. store B. cook C. shop for D. throw away
42. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned
43. A. bought B. offered C. ordered D. sold
44. A. reasons B. rights C. fees D. aids
45. A. begging for B. giving away C. hiding D. causing
46. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked
47. A. hardly B. usually C. particularly D. merely
48. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest
49. A. work B. shout C. ask D. jump
50. A. competition B. conversation C. conflict D. challenge
51. A. adequate B. rewarding C. demanding D. suitable
52. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast
53. A. spirit B. energy C. time D. effort
54. A. stomach B. hand C. pocket D. basket
55. A. arrange B. restart C. report D. finish
3. （2020年高考 哈工大专项测试卷）
During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge. But what normally 1 the shopping spree (疯狂购物) is not 2 but regret. That's because many people just buy things to fill the 3 in their hearts, but accumulating things actually 4 the burden in their minds.
The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 5 to the problem. Danshari was based on three Chinese characters, duan she li, 6 refusal, disposal (清除) and separation. It promotes the idea of getting rid of 7 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 8 possessions. There are two basic rules that 9 whether you should keep something---the relationship between you and the item under 10 as well as the timing. So before you 11 your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I 12 it now Does it suit me
Danshari encourages you not only to 13 yourself things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 14 their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and 15 items, regularly 16 things you don't need any more, then you'll get freedom in your heart.
However, it doesn't mean that you should 17 your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should 18 yourself rather than material goods. Through 19 what to buy and what to get rid of, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself 20 learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
1. A. prevents B. follows C. starts D. promotes
2. A. expectation B. wealth C. satisfaction D. relief
3. A. emptiness B. needs C. silence D. space
4. A. measures B. covers C. relieves D. indicates
5. A. limit B. alternative C. solution D. introduction
6. A. meaning B. abolishing C. violating D. predicting
7. A. updated B. temporary C. used D. unnecessary
8. A. private B. material C. valuable D. popular
9. A. prove B. permit C. decide D. affect
10. A. guarantee B. consideration C. control D. discussion
11. A. change B. create C. provide D. enter
12. A. need B. try C. want D. match
13. A. deny B. prepare C. spare D. serve
14. A. fix B. risk C. enrich D. simplify
15. A. special B. cheap C. suitable D. optional
16. A. discover B. recycle C. update D. abandon
17. A. fuel B. identify C. kill D. balance
18. A. reflect on B. focus on C. give up D. cheer up
19. A. choosing B. avoiding C. comparing D. mentioning
20. A. rather B. otherwise C. therefore D. still
4.（2020年高考 哈工大专项测试卷）
Truly happy and successful people get that way by becoming the best，most genuine (真实的) version of themselves. Not on the outside—on the inside .It's not about a brand or a __1__. It's about reality: who you really are.
Sounds simple, I know. The problem is, it's very hard to do, it takes a lot of work，and it can take a lifetime to__2__it out.
__3__worth doing in life is ever easy. If you want to do great work，it's going to take a lot of hard work to do it. And you're going to have to break out of your comfort zone and take some__4__that will scare you so much. But what's the__5__of life if not finding yourself and trying to become the best
That's what Steve Jobs__6__when he said: Your time is__7__, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't let the noise of others' opinions__8__your own inner voice. You have to__9__something—your gut(直觉)，fate，life，or __10__. This__11__has never let me down，and it has made all the difference in my life.
Now, let's for a moment be__12__about this. Insightful as that advice may be，it sounds a little too__13__to resonate (共鸣) with today's quick fix culture. These days, if you can't tell people exactly what to do and how to do it, it__14__deaf ears.
Not only that，but what Jobs was talking about，what I'm talking about，requires focus and discipline, two things that are very hard to__15__these days. Why Because，focus and discipline are hard. It's much easier to__16__to distraction (分心)．Easy and addictive.
There's a business concept called opportunity cost. When you choose one course of action, you miss out on all the other opportunities you might have chosen to__17__but didn't. People__18__stop to consider that until it's too late.
And yet, the opportunity for adventure is right there in front of each and every one of us. Until you take it, you'll never know what you might__19__. All you have to do is__20__the journey. So, take action!
1. A. personality B. quality C. talent D. reputation
2. A. put B. leave C．figure D. check
3. A. Everything B. Anything C. Something D. Nothing
4. A. rewards B. chances C. advantages D. responsibilities
5. A. aim B. sense C. effect D. result
6. A. planned B. meant C. mentioned D．informed
7. A. endless B. abundant C. random D. limited
8. A. drown out B. cater for C. submit to D. dance to
9. A. trust B. deny C. admire D. forget
10. A. however B. whichever C. whenever D. whatever
11. A. truth B. approach C. imagination D. action
12. A. realistic B. enthusiastic C．energetic D. optimistic
13. A. challenging B. dynamic C. fragile D. consistent
14. A. turns out B. brings about C. falls on D. involves in
15. A. come by B. stand by C. look for D. care for
16. A. get down B. give in C. give rise D. pay attention
17. A. preserve B. create C．pursue D. abandon
18. A. frequently B. rarely C. actively D. passively
19. A. achieve B. survive C. believe D. relieve
20. A. enjoy B. expect C. design D. start
5. （模拟练习-1）
Big trees are ecologically important. They provide food for countless other species and ___1____ for many animals. With tall branches in the sun, they absorb vast amounts of energy, which allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers.
Actually, only a small number of tree species have the genetic ability to grow really big. The biggest are ____2____ to North America, ____3____ big trees grow all globally. To ____4____ a giant size, a tree needs the right place to establish its seedlings, good growing ____5____ and lots of time with low adult death rate.
However, in some parts of the world, populations of big trees are declining because their seedlings cannot ____6____. In southern India, for instance, a(n) ____7____ non-native bush, Lantana, is invading the floor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often ____8____to take root. With no young trees to ____9____ them, most of the big trees will finally disappear.
Similarly, without the right growing conditions. Trees cannot get really big and there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in warm environments. Tree growth there ____10____ obviously in warmer years. During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they 11 ________ more energy because their metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate increases. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy ____12____ for growth.
The theory means tropical forests would ____13____ over time. As older trees die, forests would ____14____ some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon ____15____.
Besides, big trees are faced with threats from elsewhere, surviving the storms, meeting challenges and growing healthily.
1. A. shelter B. shade C. location D. opportunity
2. A. native B. natural C. foreign D. close
3. A. therefore B. and C. but D. or
4. A. reach B. achieve C. acquire D. land
5. A. positions B. circumstances C. states D. conditions
6. A. survive B. suffer C. stand D. stretch
7. A. rigid B. straightforward C. aggressive D. tentative
8. A. begin B. fail C. manage D. refuse
9. A. recycle B. renew C. replace D. reproduce
10. A. declines B. determines C. booms D. flies
11. A. create B. consume C. waste D. generate
12. A. applicable B. accessible C. acceptable D. available
13. A. assemble B. maintain C. accumulate D. shrink
14. A. extend B. guarantee C. released D. entertain
15. A. accumulation B. reduction C. transmission D. emission
6. （模拟练习-2）
Trees have always held much attraction for people.They are the 1 life form on our planet and one of the most beautiful.As a direct 2 with thousands of years of history,trees appear in many books and have 3 artists over the years.
When I was a child I 4 a science fiction story that made me think about trees in a new way. In the story, 5 from an advanced civilization come to our planet and their spaceship 6 in the middle of a forest. The aliens (外星人) have a long 7 with the trees of the forest and then leave, 8 to think that the inhabitants (居民) of Earth are noble,intelligent and peaceful.
Trees 9 a lot about being part of a community and that cooperation is better for a society than 10 . Scientists are only just beginning to understand how it all 11 , but we now know that trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other.So,strong trees in a good 12 will share food and water with 13 trees that receive less sunlight.By 14 , a community of trees makes itself stronger.The 15 of giant redwood trees, for example,grow together under the ground. It’s as if they are 16 hands.This means that they are 17 stronger when there are heavy winds or floods.
We all acknowledge that trees are 18 for the environment and the survival of our 19 . Perhaps they have even more to 20 us in the future.
1. A. kindest B. oldest C. heaviest D. fittest
2. A. link B. league C. culture D. agreement
3. A. governed B. sponsored C. inspired D. tricked
4. A. took in B. came across C. set aside D. kept up
5. A. workers B. researchers C. visitors D. invaders
6. A. lands B. drops C. flies D. shoots
7. A. translation B. word C. cooperation D. conversation
8. A. curious B. happy C. desperate D. grateful
9. A. get B. know C. afford D. send
10. A. regulation B. management C. competition D. construction
11. A. learns B. ends C. grows D. works
12. A. position B. manner C. rank D. model
13. A. lower B. slower C. weaker D. cheaper
14. A. pulling back B. bringing up C. fighting back D. teaming up
15. A. branches B. fruits C. leaves D. roots
16. A. holding B. clapping C. waving D. raising
17.A. nearly B. really C. only D. merely
18. A. popular B. suitable C. vital D. normal
19. A. city B. country C. continent D. planet
20. A. offer B. take C. pay D. study
7.（模拟练习-3）
It has once again been declared the world’s most popular museum. 1 , it may not be a 2 thing for the Louvre (卢浮宫) in Paris.
The museum broke its own 3 in 2018, welcoming 10.2 million 4 and claiming the top spot in an index of the world’s most-visited museums.
But the Louvre’s uptick (小幅增加) in visitors 5 too much for many of its workers. And 6 by reception and security staff over the number of tourists 7 through its doors hit opening hours throughout the week.
"The Louvre is suffocating (使人窒息的)," a worker said in a statement. "The number of visitors has increased by more than 20% since 2009, but the palace has not grown," he 8 .
The museum was 9 on Monday and opened later than advertised on Wednesday, due to a 10 with the dissatisfied workers. Visitors 11 outside the building throughout the week, and those without bookings were 12 .
Although tensions with its workers 13 , the museum has a 14 bottom line. The Louvre broke its 2012 15 record in 2018, marking a dramatic 16 from a sharp downturn in visits in 2017.The downturn was due to a sudden decrease in 17 in Paris.
The social media that are 18 about Beyoncé and Jay-Z’s music 19 filmed at the museum may have played a role in that increase.
But while visitor numbers rose at the Louvre, the overall attendance was relatively 20 among the top 20 museums in the world last year. Attendance grew among the top 20 by just 0.1% from 2017 to 2018.
1. A. Moreover B. However C. Finally D. Eventually
2. A. splendid B. skeptical C. tough D. sad
3. A. promise B. rule C. record D. law
4. A. musicians B. artists C. visitors D. volunteers
5. A. acquired B. suffered C. blamed D. proved
6. A. strikes B. quarrels C. fights D. contests
7. A. flooding B. jumping C. crawling D. slipping
8. A. stopped B. added C. started D. paused
9. A. decorated B. repaired C. visited D. closed
10. A. lecture B. meeting C. speech D. lesson
11. A. queued B. dined C. helped D. served
12. A. turned up B. turned over C. turned away D. turned on
13. A. die out B. pay off C. fade away D. go on
14. A. healthy B. funny C. tinny D. cozy
15. A. quality B. attendance C. photo D. worker
16. A. alarm B. attack C. recovery D. prediction
17. A. paintings B. products C. population D. tourism
18. A. innocent B. selfish C. crazy D. generous
19. A. concert B. video C. festival D. industry
20. A. high B. huge C. round D. flat
8. （模拟练习-4）
At age 14, 15 and 16, the way we looked was the most important thing in the world to us. My friends and I wanted nothing less than perfection.
In high school, we joined the gymnastics team, and our 1 became even more important to us. We had no fat, only muscle. On the weekends, we would go to the beach, 2 of our flat stomachs.
One summer day, all my friends were at my house 3 . At one point, I was running back to the pool. I 4 on a bee, and while it was dying under my foot, it stung (蛰) me. I instantly started to feel 5 . That night, I began to run a high fever and my leg and foot were red, hot and swollen. I couldn't walk. I could barely 6 .
When my foot started to go numb, everyone became more 7 . My foot was not getting enough blood. I had to go to the hospital, and my leg 8 as if it were badly broken. I couldn't move. All I could do was think about how soft my middle was becoming. That 9 me more than any concern over my leg.
That would all 10 when I heard the doctors mention possibly cutting off my foot. It was still not getting the 11 supply it needed. The doctors would have to speed up their treatment.
Never before did I have such great 12 for my foot. And walking seemed like a 13 from the gods. Less and less I wanted to hear my friends talk about 14 and who was wearing what. More and more I expected visits from other kids in the hospital, who were quickly becoming my friends.
One girl came to visit me 15 . Every time she came, she brought flowers. She was recovering from cancer and felt she should come back and 16 the other patients.
She still had no hair, and she was swollen from the medications she had been taking. I would not have given this girl a second 17 before. I now loved every inch of her and looked forward to her 18 .
Finally, I was improving and soon I went home. My leg was still swollen, 19 I was walking, and I had my foot! When I would go back to the hospital, I often saw my friend. She was still visiting people and 20 good cheer. I thought if there was an angel on this earth, it had to be her.
1. A. grades B. brains C. bodies D. clothes
2. A. ashamed B. proud C. sure D. tired
3. A. dancing B. chatting C. jogging D. swimming
4. A. stepped B. focused C. held D. took
5. A. upset B. fearful C. sick D. anxious
6. A. jump B. run C. stand D. rest
7. A. concerned B. relieved C. surprised D. interested
8. A. harmed B. hurt C. wounded D. injured
9. A. blamed B. impressed C. shocked D. troubled
10. A. change B. bother C. help D. happen
11. A. nutrition B. blood C. time D. air
12. A. observation B. devotion C. appreciation D. evaluation
13. A. gift B. hand C. promise D. treat
14. A. homework B. appointment C. movies D. gymnastics
15. A. suddenly B. regularly C. eventually D. recently
16. A. advise B. encourage C. serve D. instruct
17. A. choice B. thought C. glance D. chance
18. A. words B. ideas C. flowers D. visits
19. A. but B. then C. so D. for
20. A. enjoying B. gaining C. discovering D. spreading
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题二十 完型填空之说明文&议论文（解析卷）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
高中英语完型填空部分在高考试卷中占有重要地位。其中，完型填空之说明文与议论文经常会出现在试题中。在说明文与议论文类型的完型填空中，作者大多会在文章的首句点题，提出将要说明的事务等对象，或者在议论文中将议论的主题在首句点出，并且在各个分句的开头提出分论点。
说明文中有：实体事例说明文，事理说明文，文艺性说明文。只要能按着时间、空间和逻辑顺序等情况把握好文章脉络，顺着作者的思路就能顺利解题。对于议论文，解题时需要注意议论文的三要素：论点、论据、结论。注意根据作者提供的论点、论据来理解文章作者在文章中反映出的某种思想，使之能正确解题。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
一、说明文完型填空的特点
此类文章常围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文有：
1. 实体事例说明文：实体事物指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品等。包括：说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。
2. 事理说明文：事理指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等。包括：理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。
3. 文艺性说明文：此类文章说明对象拟人化，以故事形式进行介绍。其特点是在文中开头就会有点题，而且文章结构很清晰。
因此，做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是具体实物还是理论性概念。明确说明对象是掌握说明细节的前提。一般情况下，作者在文章的首句就会直接提出说明的对象。
说明文的写作一般按着时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序来进行的，顺着作者的思路，理清整篇文章的脉络，即可顺利答题。
二、议论文完型填空的特点
议论文的完形填空首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
解题时要注意议论文的三要素：论点、论据、结论。所以，议论文论点明确、结构清晰，论点与论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词。了解这些特点，有利于正确解题。
三、说明文与议论文完型填空解题技巧
1. 认真阅读首句，抓住文章主题
出题者在设计此类完形填空试题时，常会保留一个完整的、或是大半个完整的表达主旨的句子。通常，这个主旨大意的句子常会在文章的开头。因此，考生必须完全理解整篇文章的开头句子，分利用段开头句提供的信息挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。
2. 找出时间、空间、逻辑顺序，理清文章脉络
说明文的写作一般按时间与空间顺序以及逻辑关系进行写作的。所以理出顺序与关系有助于正确解题。
时间顺序：事件发生的先后；
空间顺序：从上到下、从内到外、从局部到整体；
逻辑顺序：前因后果，先果后因，先主后次；
解题时需注意说明文层次清晰，整体性强，递进性词汇和名词的设题出现较多。把握好这一特点，就可以顺着作者的思路正确解题。
3. 先易后难、瞻前顾后
在理解文章大意的前提下，结合各个选项的词义与用法、本着先易后难的原则，先越过完全没有把握的题目，将相对有把握的选项填上。然后再根据部分填完空的全文通读一遍，会对全文有更全面的理解，这将会有助于完成残留的全部空格。
总之，通读全文，理解大意；重视首句，跳过空格；浏览全文，整体感知。这几点是正确解题的基础。
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 西藏拉萨1模试卷）
On my way home from coaching basketball yesterday, I was listening to WGN, my favorite talk radio station. What 1 me was that Bob Collins, the morning show man for WGN, had been killed in an accident. He was a man who was 2 by many. The radio told story after story. 3 him as the best friend. True love and feelings 4 in from all over the country. The more I listened about how this man had influenced those around him, the more 5 I became.
I was upset because I wanted to know 6 we wait until somebody has passed away 7 we tell them how much we love them
I now have a stronger determination to tell those around me how much they 8 to me. I am going to let my wife know just how loved and 9 she is, not only by my words, but also by my 10 . I am going to play Batman with my son more often, and in the middle of our romping(嬉戏), I am going to grab him, hug him tightly, and tell him how 11 I am that he is my son.
Do you love someone Then 12 them! Has someone been an influence in your life Then give them a call! Has someone had a positive effect on you in your life Then write them a letter or send them an e-mail! Don’t let another day 13 without letting that person know. There is something 14 about a written letter that 15 feelings of love towards another. I don’t know about you, but I have letters and cards from people that I have 16 for years, and 17 , I get them out and reread them. They can turn a depressing day into one when you 18 just how blessed and loved you are.
Life is too 19 to leave kind words unsaid. The words you say, or the letter you write, might just make all the 20 in the world.
1. A. shocked B. excited C. worried D. confused
2. A. loved B. hated C. judged D. criticized
3. A. explaining B. describing C. advising D. thinking
4. A. threw B. poured C. filled D. crowded
5. A. comfortable B. disappointed C. discouraged D. cheerful
6. A. what B. how C. where D. why
7. A. when B. because C. after D. before
8. A. mean B. symbolize C. refer D. represent
9. A. admired B. appreciated C. accepted D. affected
10. A. sounds B. actions C. opinions D. ideas
11. A. useful B. hopeful C. thankful D. wonderful
12. A. inform B. notice C. tell D. ask
13. A. go by B. go over C. go out D. go off
14. A. special B. strange C. difficult D. funny
15. A. indicates B. expresses C. displays D. discovers
16. A. bought B. written C. sent D. saved
17. A. first of all B.in the end C. now and then D.at a time
18. A. realize B. recognize C. recall D. remember
19. A. long B. short C. hard D. easy
20. A. effect B. influence C. difference D. function
【答案与解析】
1. A 考查动词词义辨析 作者从收音机里听到Bob Collins 意外离世的消息，应该感到震惊。所以，选A。
2. A 考查动词词义辨析 根据下文人们对他的怀念 (told story after story)，可以判断人们很热爱他。所以，选A。
3. B 考查动词词义辨析 句意：收音机里把他描述成为我们最好的朋友。所以，选B。
4. B 考查动词词义辨析 句意：由于人们的热爱和怀念，所以对他的热爱和真情的表达从全国各地涌入电台。所以，选B。
5. C 考查形容词词义辨析 与第二段段首的upset呼应，作者感到沮丧。所以，选C。
6. D 考查连接词辨析 句意：“我”想知道为什么我们一直要等到某人离开我们……。所以，选D。
7. D 考查连接词辨析 句意：为什么我们一直要等到某人离开我们才告诉他们我们有多么爱他们。Before表示“才”之意。所以，选D。
8. A 考查动词词义辨析 句意：“我”现在有一种更强烈的决心去告诉我身边的人他们对我来说意为着什么。所以，选A。
9. B 考查动词词义辨析 句意：“我”想让妻子知道她是多么地被(家人)爱戴和感激。所以，选B。
10. B 考查名词词义辨析 句意：“我”不但要通过语言更要通过行动来表达我对她的爱。所以，选B。
11. C 考查形容词词义辨析 句意：“我”要告诉儿子自己是多么感激能有他这么一个儿子。所以，选C。
12. C 考查动词词义辨析 作者这里建议我们，如果我们爱某人，就去告诉他/她。所以，选C。
13. A 考查动词短语 句意：不要让又一天流逝而别人还不知道我们对他们的爱。go by经过，时间流逝；go over检查，复习；go out出去，熄灭；go off爆炸。所以，选A。
14. A 考查形容词词义辨析 句意：相比电子邮件，手写的书信是特别特殊的。所以，选A。
15. B 考查动词词义辨析 作者这里建议我们通过手写的书信来表达对别人的真情。所以，选B。
16. D 考查动词词义辨析 句意：但“我”有保存了多年的来自他人的书信和卡片。所以，选D。
17. C 考查固定搭配 作者不时地会把书信和卡片拿出来重读。now and then 固定搭配，意为：不时地。所以，选C。
18. A 考查动词词义辨析 句意：它们(书信和卡片)会把忧郁的一天变得快乐,你会认识到自己是多么幸福和可爱。所以，选A。
19. B 考查形容词词义辨析 句意：人生太短暂了，我们不能把心里话留着不说。所以，选B。
20. C 考查名词词义辨析 句意：你所说的话、你所写的信可能会让这个世界从此不同。make a/the difference 是固定搭配，意为：带来影响，有所作为。所以，选C。
2.（20219年高考 浙江卷）
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the 36 the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one 37 Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving 38 on discarded (丢弃) food. The three-month, 1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 39 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can 40 , the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants 41 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal 44 , most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste. "Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food," Dubanchet said.
What’s 47 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
"I have to get food 52 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 53 ," Dubanchet explained. "Is my 54 full or empty That is the most important thing, not what I am eating."
He aims to 55 his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.
36. A. cleverer B. older C. stranger D. simpler
37. A. garbage-eating B. sports-loving C. food-wasting D. law-breaking
38. A. secretly B. finally C. entirely D. probably
39. A. purpose B. way C. opinion D. dream
40. A. observe B. imagine C. suggest D. remember
41. A. store B. cook C. shop for D. throw away
42. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned
43. A. bought B. offered C. ordered D. sold
44. A. reasons B. rights C. fees D. aids
45. A. begging for B. giving away C. hiding D. causing
46. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked
47. A. hardly B. usually C. particularly D. merely
48. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest
49. A. work B. shout C. ask D. jump
50. A. competition B. conversation C. conflict D. challenge
51. A. adequate B. rewarding C. demanding D. suitable
52. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast
53. A. spirit B. energy C. time D. effort
54. A. stomach B. hand C. pocket D. basket
55. A. arrange B. restart C. report D. finish
【答案与解析】
本文讲述了法国人Baptiste Dubanchet一路从法国骑自行车到波兰，途中以丢弃的食物为生，试图通过他的行动，来提高人们对食物浪费现象的认识。
36. C 考查形容词词义辨析 根据下文中的"the more it gets noticed"可知，此处是“越……，越……”结构。此处表示“想法越不寻常，就越能引起人们的注意”。所以，选C。
37. A 考查动名词词义辨析 根据下文中的“on discarded (丢弃)food”和全文可知，Baptiste Dubanchet一路靠丢弃的食物为生，由此可知他是个"吃垃圾的人"。所以，选A。
38. C 考查副词词义辨析 由后文可知，此处表示Baptiste Dubanchet完全依赖丢弃的食物维持生活。所以，选C。
39. B 考查名词词义辨析 这趟旅行是Baptiste Dubanchet提高人们对食物浪费现象的认识的方式。所以，选B。
40. B 考查动词词义辨析 句意：你可以想象，这趟旅行并不容易。所以，选B。
41. D 考查动词与动词短语辨析 虽然餐馆每年要倒掉数吨食物，但其中有许多是看不到的。 所以，选D。
42. A 考查动词过去分词词义辨析 根据上文可知，这些被丢弃的食物被锁在了垃圾箱里。所以，选A。
43. B 考查动词词义辨析 根据下文可知，只有大约1/10的地方给他提供了食物。所以，选B。
44. A 考查名词词义辨析 句意：出于法律上的原因，大部分餐馆都有制度，不允许把食物残渣送掉。所以，选A。
45. B 考查动词短语 参考第44题解析（大部分餐馆都有制度，不允许把食物残渣送掉）。 give away表示：分送，送掉，扔掉。所以，选B。
46. D 考查动词词义辨析 此处表示"有些人冒着丢掉工作的风险给我食物"。risk意为"冒……的风险"。根据语境可知选D。
47. C 考查副词词义辨析 句意：特别有意思的是，不同城市对他这种行为的态度各不相同。particularly表示：特别，尤其。根据语境可知选C。
48. A 考查形容词词义辨析 根据下文提到的"the most difficult"可知，柏林是他最容易得到食物的城市，而捷克的皮尔森是最难的。所以，选A。
49. C 考查动词词义辨析 句意：在那里，他不得不询问大约50家不同的商店或餐馆，才找到食物。所以，选C。
50. D 考查名词词义辨析 此处的challenge表示：挑战，艰巨任务，根据语境选D。
51. C 考查形容词词义辨析 这是项费力的活动，需要一路从法国骑自行车到波兰。所以，选C。
52. D 考查副词词义辨析 此处表示：我必须立即获得食物，因为一路骑自行车后我很累，需要能量。由语境可知选fast。所以，选D。
53. B 考查名词词义辨析 此处表示"我必须立即获得食物，因为一路骑自行车后我很累,需要能量"。所以，选B。
54. A 考查名词词义辨析 根据语境可知，此处表示：肚子饿不饿，所以填stomach胃，肚子。所以，选A。
55. D 考查动词词义辨析 他决心在7月中旬结束他的旅行，所以，选D。
3. （2020年高考 哈工大专项测试卷）
During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge. But what normally 1 the shopping spree (疯狂购物) is not 2 but regret. That's because many people just buy things to fill the 3 in their hearts, but accumulating things actually 4 the burden in their minds.
The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 5 to the problem. Danshari was based on three Chinese characters, duan she li, 6 refusal, disposal (清除) and separation. It promotes the idea of getting rid of 7 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 8 possessions. There are two basic rules that 9 whether you should keep something---the relationship between you and the item under 10 as well as the timing. So before you 11 your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I 12 it now Does it suit me
Danshari encourages you not only to 13 yourself things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 14 their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and 15 items, regularly 16 things you don't need any more, then you'll get freedom in your heart.
However, it doesn't mean that you should 17 your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should 18 yourself rather than material goods. Through 19 what to buy and what to get rid of, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself 20 learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
1. A. prevents B. follows C. starts D. promotes
2. A. expectation B. wealth C. satisfaction D. relief
3. A. emptiness B. needs C. silence D. space
4. A. measures B. covers C. relieves D. indicates
5. A. limit B. alternative C. solution D. introduction
6. A. meaning B. abolishing C. violating D. predicting
7. A. updated B. temporary C. used D. unnecessary
8. A. private B. material C. valuable D. popular
9. A. prove B. permit C. decide D. affect
10. A. guarantee B. consideration C. control D. discussion
11. A. change B. create C. provide D. enter
12. A. need B. try C. want D. match
13. A. deny B. prepare C. spare D. serve
14. A. fix B. risk C. enrich D. simplify
15. A. special B. cheap C. suitable D. optional
16. A. discover B. recycle C. update D. abandon
17. A. fuel B. identify C. kill D. balance
18. A. reflect on B. focus on C. give up D. cheer up
19. A. choosing B. avoiding C. comparing D. mentioning
20. A. rather B. otherwise C. therefore D. still
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇说明文，每逢双11，人们往往疯狂的网上购物。疯狂购物过后，随之而来的并不是满意，而是后悔。因为许多人买东西，仅仅是为了填充他们内心的空虚。但是，逐渐积累的东西实际上表明了他们思想的负担。Danshari可能为这个问题提供解决方法。
1. B 考查动词词义辨析 根据but regret可知但是一般跟在疯狂购物之后的，不是满意。prevents阻止；follows跟随；starts开始；promotes提升。所以，选B。
2. C 考查名词词义辨析 根据but regret可知但是一般跟在疯狂购物之后的，不是满意。expectation期盼；wealth财富；satisfaction满意；relief安慰。所以，选C。
3. A 考查名词词义辨析 句意：那是因为许多人买东西，仅仅是为了填充他们内心的空虚。emptiness 空虚；needs需要；silence沉默；space空间。所以，选A。
4. D 考查动词词义辨析 句意：但是，逐渐积累的东西实际上表明了他们思想的负担。measures测量； covers覆盖；relieves解除；indicates表明。所以，选D。
5. C 考查名词词义辨析 Danshari的想法可能为这个问题提供解决方法。limit限制；alternative供替代的选择； solution解决；introduction介绍。所以，选C。
6. A 考查动词词义辨析 Danshari意思是拒绝、清除和分离。meaning意思是； abolishing废除；violating违背；predicting预测。所以，选A。
7. D 考查形容词词义辨析 句意：它提升了这样的观点：除去不必要的东西，使自己从拥有物质财富的内驱力中分离出来。updated 更新的； temporary 暂时的；used 使用的；unnecessary不必要的。所以，选D。
8. B 考查形容词词义辨析 句意：它提升了这样的观点：除去不必要的东西，使自己从拥有物质财富的内驱力中分离出来。private私人的；material物质的；valuable有价值的；popular流行的。所以，选B。
9. C 考查动词词义辨析 句意：有两个基本的原则决定你是否应该保持一些东西。prove证明；permit允许；decide决定；affect影响。所以，选C。
10. B 考查固定短语 句意：你和这件商品的关系在考虑中。under consideration固定短语，在考虑之中的。所以，选B。
11. D 考查动词词义辨析 句意：所以在输入你的付款密码买东西之前，问你自己两个问题。change改变；create创造；provide提供；enter进入。所以，选D。
12. A 考查动词词义辨析 句意：我现在需要吗？它适合我吗？need需要； try尝试；want想要；match匹配。所以，选A。
13. A 考查动词词义辨析 句意：Danshari不仅鼓励你自己拒绝物质的要求。deny拒绝……的要求；prepare准备；spare节约；serve招待。所以，选A。
14. D 考查动词词义辨析 当今，人们需要学会简化他们的日常生活。fix 固定；risk 冒……的危险； enrich使充实； simplify简化。所以，选D。
15. C 考查形容词词义辨析 句意：仅仅买有必要的和适当的物品。special 特别的；cheap便宜的；suitable适当的；optional可选择的。所以，选C。
16.考D 查动词词义辨析 句意：经常地放弃你不再需要的东西。discover 发现； recycle使再循环；update更新；abandon放弃。所以，选D。
17. C 考查动词词义辨析 句意：然而，那并不意味着你应该扼杀你的欲望，过一种无趣的生活。fuel供以燃料，加燃料；identify识别； kill扼杀；balance使平衡。所以，选C。
18. B 考查动词短语 句意：相反，你应该关注你自己，而不是一些物质的东西。reflect on思考；focus on关注；give up放弃；cheer up高兴起来。所以，选B。
19. A 考查动词词义辨析 句意：通过选择买什么和去掉什么，你可以看到一个更深层的自己。choosing选择；avoiding避免；comparing比较；mentioning提到。 故答案选A。
20. C 考查副词词义辨析 句意：因此，学会对更重要的事情做明智的决定。rather宁愿；otherwise否则；therefore因此；still仍然。所以，选C。
4.（2020年高考 哈工大专项测试卷）
Truly happy and successful people get that way by becoming the best，most genuine (真实的) version of themselves. Not on the outside—on the inside .It's not about a brand or a __1__. It's about reality: who you really are.
Sounds simple, I know. The problem is, it's very hard to do, it takes a lot of work，and it can take a lifetime to__2__it out.
__3__worth doing in life is ever easy. If you want to do great work，it's going to take a lot of hard work to do it. And you're going to have to break out of your comfort zone and take some__4__that will scare you so much. But what's the__5__of life if not finding yourself and trying to become the best
That's what Steve Jobs__6__when he said: Your time is__7__, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't let the noise of others' opinions__8__your own inner voice. You have to__9__something—your gut(直觉)，fate，life，or __10__. This__11__has never let me down，and it has made all the difference in my life.
Now, let's for a moment be__12__about this. Insightful as that advice may be，it sounds a little too__13__to resonate (共鸣) with today's quick fix culture. These days, if you can't tell people exactly what to do and how to do it, it__14__deaf ears.
Not only that，but what Jobs was talking about，what I'm talking about，requires focus and discipline, two things that are very hard to__15__these days. Why Because，focus and discipline are hard. It's much easier to__16__to distraction (分心)．Easy and addictive.
There's a business concept called opportunity cost. When you choose one course of action, you miss out on all the other opportunities you might have chosen to__17__but didn't. People__18__stop to consider that until it's too late.
And yet, the opportunity for adventure is right there in front of each and every one of us. Until you take it, you'll never know what you might__19__. All you have to do is__20__the journey. So, take action!
1. A. personality B. quality C. talent D. reputation
2. A. put B. leave C．figure D. check
3. A. Everything B. Anything C. Something D. Nothing
4. A. rewards B. chances C. advantages D. responsibilities
5. A. aim B. sense C. effect D. result
6. A. planned B. meant C. mentioned D．informed
7. A. endless B. abundant C. random D. limited
8. A. drown out B. cater for C. submit to D. dance to
9. A. trust B. deny C. admire D. forget
10. A. however B. whichever C. whenever D. whatever
11. A. truth B. approach C. imagination D. action
12. A. realistic B. enthusiastic C．energetic D. optimistic
13. A. challenging B. dynamic C. fragile D. consistent
14. A. turns out B. brings about C. falls on D. involves in
15. A. come by B. stand by C. look for D. care for
16. A. get down B. give in C. give rise D. pay attention
17. A. preserve B. create C．pursue D. abandon
18. A. frequently B. rarely C. actively D. passively
19. A. achieve B. survive C. believe D. relieve
20. A. enjoy B. expect C. design D. start
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇议论文。如何成为真正快乐、成功的人？在作者看来，那就是让自己成长为最好、最真实的自己。
1．D 考查名词词义辨析 根据上文中的“Not on the outside ...a brand or ...”及下文中的It's about reality: who you really are可知：空处与a brand和上文中的the outside相对应，指的是外在的东西，reputation名望，荣誉。所以，选D。
2．C 考查动词短语 句意：“我”知道这听起来很简单，但问题是，做起来非常难：这需要付出很多努力，甚至一辈子才能弄明白。figure out弄明白，计算出，符合语境。put out扑灭，生产，出版；leave out遗漏；check out检查，结账离开。所以，选C。
3．D 考查代词词义辨析 根据上文提到的需要付出很多努力，甚至一辈子才能弄明白其中的道理及下文中的“it's going to take a lot of hard work ...break out of your comfort zone ...”可知，此处指生活中值得做的事情都不容易，答案Nothing符合。所以，选D。
4．B 考查名词词义辨析 句意：正因为“万事皆不易”，所以你必须走出舒适区，去冒险。take a chance抓住机会，冒险，碰运气。所以，选B。
5．B 考查名词词义辨析 句意：如果没有努力成为最好的自己的话，人生就没有什么意义。根据语境及句中的“if not finding yourself and trying to become the best”可知，在作者看来，一个人这一辈子，到头来如果认不清自己、没有努力成为最好的自己的话，人生就没有什么意义。sense意义。所以，选B。
6．B 考查动词词义辨析 根据语境可知，此处指那也是史蒂夫·乔布斯在说下文中的“Your time is ...in my life”这些话时的意思，所以用mean意思是说。所以，选B。
7．D 考查形容词词义辨析 根据句中的“don't waste it”可知，你的时间是有限的(limited)，因此不要把它浪费在过其他人的生活上。所以，选D。
8．A 考查动词短语 根据语境可知，此处指不要让其他人的聒噪言论淹没你内心的声音。drown out (声音)盖过，淹没，符合语境。cater for迎合，提供饮食；submit to顺从；dance to跟着……跳舞。所以，选A。
9．A 考查动词词义辨析 根据语境可知，此处指“你必须要相信一些东西——你的直觉、命运、生活或诸如此类的东西”。故答案选trust。故答案选A。
10．D 考查固定用法 句意：你必须要相信一些东西——你的直觉、命运、生活或诸如此类的东西。or whatever诸如此类、等等，是固定用法。所以，选D。
11．B 考查名词词义辨析 根据语境可知，在乔布斯看来这个方法(approach)从来没让他失望过，而且对他的生活有很大的影响。下文中的“that advice”亦是提示。所以，选B。
12．A 考查形容词词义辨析 根据下文中的“Insightful as that advice may be，it sounds a little ...”可知，此处作者建议读者实际一点，从现实角度分析了上文中提到的乔布斯的建议。realistic现实的，实际的；enthusiastic热情”；energetic精力充沛的；optimistic乐观的。所以，选A。
13．A 考查形容词词义辨析 根据空处所在句及下文中的“These days，if you ...deaf ears.”可知，此处指那个建议或许很深刻，但听起来却有点过于具有挑战性，不能与当今的“应急”文化产生共鸣。challenging有挑战性的；dynamic充满活力的，精力充沛的；fragile易碎的，脆弱的，虚弱的；consistent一致的，连续的。所以，选A。
14．C 考查动词短语 根据语境可知，现如今，如果你不能告诉人们真正该做什么、该怎么做的话，那么它(建议)就会被置若罔闻。fall on deaf ears意为“未受到重视，未被理睬，被置若罔闻”，是固定用法。turn out关掉，结果是，生产；bring about带来，造成；involve in被卷入，参加。 所以，选C。
15．A 考查动词短语 根据下文中的“Why Because ... Easy and addictive.”可知，不仅如此，乔布斯的讲话和“我”要说的话都需要集中和自制力——这两种品质在当今社会非常难得到。come by得到，收到，符合语境。stand by支持，准备行动，信守诺言；look for寻找；care for照顾，喜欢。 所以，选A。
16．B 考查动词词组辨析 句意：因为集中和自制力都不容易做到，人们很容易分散注意力。give in to屈服，让步，符合语境。get down to着手做；give rise to引起；pay attention to注意。所以，选B。
17．C 考查动词词义辨析 句意：有一个商业概念叫“机会成本”。当你选择了某种行动方式时，你会错过所有其他你原本可以选择的机会来追寻(梦想)。pursue追求，致力于，符合语境。preserve保护，保存；create创造；abandon放弃。所以，选C。
18．B 考查副词词义辨析 根据下文中的“stop to consider that until it's too late ”“And yet，the opportunity for adventure is right there ...”可知，人们很少停下来细想这一点，直到为时已晚。frequently频繁地；rarely很少，罕有；actively积极地；passively意为被动地，顺从地。故答案选rarely。所以，选B。
19．A 考查动词词义辨析 句意：然而，冒险的机会就在我们每个人面前。在你抓住它之前，你绝不知道你可能会获得什么。achieve取得，获得，符合语境。survive幸存；believe相信；relieve缓解，解除。所以，选A。
20．D 考查动词词义辨析 根据下文中的So，take action可知，此处指你所要做的就是开始这个旅程。start开始，(使)开始发生，符合语境。所以，选D。
5. （模拟练习-1）
Big trees are ecologically important. They provide food for countless other species and ___1____ for many animals. With tall branches in the sun, they absorb vast amounts of energy, which allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers.
Actually, only a small number of tree species have the genetic ability to grow really big. The biggest are ____2____ to North America, ____3____ big trees grow all globally. To ____4____ a giant size, a tree needs the right place to establish its seedlings, good growing ____5____ and lots of time with low adult death rate.
However, in some parts of the world, populations of big trees are declining because their seedlings cannot ____6____. In southern India, for instance, a(n) ____7____ non-native bush, Lantana, is invading the floor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often ____8____to take root. With no young trees to ____9____ them, most of the big trees will finally disappear.
Similarly, without the right growing conditions. Trees cannot get really big and there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in warm environments. Tree growth there ____10____ obviously in warmer years. During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they 11 ________ more energy because their metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate increases. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy ____12____ for growth.
The theory means tropical forests would ____13____ over time. As older trees die, forests would ____14____ some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon ____15____.
Besides, big trees are faced with threats from elsewhere, surviving the storms, meeting challenges and growing healthily.
1. A. shelter B. shade C. location D. opportunity
2. A. native B. natural C. foreign D. close
3. A. therefore B. and C. but D. or
4. A. reach B. achieve C. acquire D. land
5. A. positions B. circumstances C. states D. conditions
6. A. survive B. suffer C. stand D. stretch
7. A. rigid B. straightforward C. aggressive D. tentative
8. A. begin B. fail C. manage D. refuse
9. A. recycle B. renew C. replace D. reproduce
10. A. declines B. determines C. booms D. flies
11. A. create B. consume C. waste D. generate
12. A. applicable B. accessible C. acceptable D. available
13. A. assemble B. maintain C. accumulate D. shrink
14. A. extend B. guarantee C. released D. entertain
15. A. accumulation B. reduction C. transmission D. emission
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇科普文，介绍了大树的重要性，大树的形成条件以及如今由于气候变暖，大树数量减少的现象。题目难度中等，需要联系上下文。
1. A 考查名词词义辨析 shelter庇护：shade树荫；and连接两个并列的关系，由前面food可以推出这里是为树木提供最基本的生长必需。所以，选A。
2. A 考查固定搭配 句意：世界上最大的树原产于北美。be native to原产于，be foreign to不熟悉，be close to靠近、亲近，不存在be natural to的固定搭配。所以，选A。
3. C 考查连词用法 前句说最大的树原产于南美，而这句是说普通的大树分布全世界，所以前后是转折关系。所以，选C。
4. A 考查动词词义辨析 句意：为了长到足够大。reach达到。所以，选A。
5. D 考查名词词义辨析 根据后文第四段第一句“right growing condition”，可以对应回本题。所以，选D。
6. A 考查动词词义辨析 句意：大树的数量减少是因为它们的种子难以存活，其他选项均不符合句意。所以，选A。
7. C 考查形容词词义辨析 根据下文可知，这种品种的树会导致其他的树木难以生长，说明这种品种的树是非常有侵略性的，aggressive侵略性的。所以，选C。
8. B 考查动词词义辨析 句意：Lantana这种品种的树木长的很密集所以小树很难生根，所以选fail失败。所以，选B。
9. C 考查动词词义辨析 句意：只有小树可以生存长大，才能代替死去的大树，使大树整体不消失。所以，选C。
10. A 考查动词词义辨析 由前句可知，树的生长速度会因为温度上升而下降，所以在最近温度较高的年份里，树的生长会变缓、衰落。所以，选A。
11. B 考查动词词义辨析 根据后半句，生成新陈代谢率上升可以推出他们会消耗更多能量。所以，选B。
12. D 考查形容词词义辨析 句意：因为大部分的能量都被用来保持存活，所以很难有能量来提供生长，available可利用的、可获得的。所以，选D。
13. D 考查动词词义辨析 由上段可知，气候变暖会导致树难以生长，所以热带森林会逐渐减少，shrink收缩、减少。所以，选D。
14. C 考查动词词义辨析 句意：树死后会放出之前存储的二氧化碳到大气中。根据后句causing a cycle of further warming可以推测出本句的意思是树死后会放出之前存储的二氧化碳到大气中，其他选项均与句意无关。所以，选C。
15. D 考查名词词义辨析 由上句可知树死后会排放二氧化碳，所以此空可以对应release，emission排放，accumulation积累，reduction减少，transmission转化。所以，选D。
6. （模拟练习-2）
Trees have always held much attraction for people.They are the 1 life form on our planet and one of the most beautiful.As a direct 2 with thousands of years of history,trees appear in many books and have 3 artists over the years.
When I was a child I 4 a science fiction story that made me think about trees in a new way. In the story, 5 from an advanced civilization come to our planet and their spaceship 6 in the middle of a forest. The aliens (外星人) have a long 7 with the trees of the forest and then leave, 8 to think that the inhabitants (居民) of Earth are noble,intelligent and peaceful.
Trees 9 a lot about being part of a community and that cooperation is better for a society than 10 . Scientists are only just beginning to understand how it all 11 , but we now know that trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other.So,strong trees in a good 12 will share food and water with 13 trees that receive less sunlight.By 14 , a community of trees makes itself stronger.The 15 of giant redwood trees, for example,grow together under the ground. It’s as if they are 16 hands.This means that they are 17 stronger when there are heavy winds or floods.
We all acknowledge that trees are 18 for the environment and the survival of our 19 . Perhaps they have even more to 20 us in the future.
1. A. kindest B. oldest C. heaviest D. fittest
2. A. link B. league C. culture D. agreement
3. A. governed B. sponsored C. inspired D. tricked
4. A. took in B. came across C. set aside D. kept up
5. A. workers B. researchers C. visitors D. invaders
6. A. lands B. drops C. flies D. shoots
7. A. translation B. word C. cooperation D. conversation
8. A. curious B. happy C. desperate D. grateful
9. A. get B. know C. afford D. send
10. A. regulation B. management C. competition D. construction
11. A. learns B. ends C. grows D. works
12. A. position B. manner C. rank D. model
13. A. lower B. slower C. weaker D. cheaper
14. A. pulling back B. bringing up C. fighting back D. teaming up
15. A. branches B. fruits C. leaves D. roots
16. A. holding B. clapping C. waving D. raising
17.A. nearly B. really C. only D. merely
18. A. popular B. suitable C. vital D. normal
19. A. city B. country C. continent D. planet
20. A. offer B. take C. pay D. study
【答案与解析】
树木总是能吸引人们的兴趣,它们古老又美丽，是艺术家们的灵感来源；树木之间的团结协作使它们更强大。此外，树木对环境和地球的生存都极其重要。
1. B 考查形容词词义辨析 根据第2空后的thousands of years of history，并结合选项可知：树木是地球上最古老的生命形式。所以，选B。
2. A 考查名词词义辨析 根据第3空前的trees appear in many books，并结合语境可推知：树木作为一个直接的纽带出现在许多书里。所以，选A。
3. C 考查动词词义辨析 根据语境可知：树木赋予艺术家们灵感。C赋予灵感；A 统治；B赞助；D欺骗。所以，选C。
4. B考查动词短语辨析 根据空后的a science fiction story可知："我"小时候偶然读到一篇科幻故事。B偶然发现；A吸入，理解；C留出；D使……保持在高水平。所以，选B。
5. C 考查名词词义辨析 根据下文中的an advanced civilization和their spaceship以及The aliens (外星人)可知：这里表示的是来自先进文明的访客(visitors)。invader侵略者。所以，选C。
6. A 考查动词词义辨析 根据上题的解析以及空后的in the middle of a forest可知：外来的宇宙飞船降落(lands)在森林中间。所以，选A。
7. D 考查名词词义辨析 根据第8空后的think that the inhabitants(居民)...peaceful并结合语境可知：外星人之所以有这样的认识，是因为他们与森林里的树木进行了一次长谈。所以，选D。
8. B 考查形容词词义辨析 根据下文中的noble, intelligent and peaceful并结合选项可以推测出那些外星人在离开时，应该是开心的。C绝望的。所以，选B。
9. B 考查动词词义辨析 句意：树木知道(know)自己是整个群体的一部分,并知道合作比竞争(competition)对一个群体更好。根据第11空后的trees growing together share all of the available resources可知,树木在成长的过程中，会分享所有可以得到的资源。因此，合作比竞争(competition)对一个群体更好。所以，选B。
10. C 考查名词词义辨析 句意：树木知道(know)自己是整个群体的一部分，并知道合作比竞争(competition)对一个群体更好。所以，选C。
11. D 考查动词词义辨析 根据语境可知：这里表示科学家才刚刚开始去了解树木之间的合作是怎样运作的。所以，选D
12. A 考查名词词义辨析 根据第13空后的that receive less sunlight可知：强壮的树木所处的位置应该是好的。C等级，排除。所以，选A。
13. C 考查形容词词义辨析 根据第12空前的strong trees和语境可知：这里指的是那些较弱小的树木。所以，选C。
14. D 考查动词短语辨析 根据上文being part of a community和cooperation以及share可知：此处表示通过合作，整个树木群体就会使自己变得更加强大。team up合作； pull back；撤退；bring up；提出，养育；fight back还击，抑制住。所以，选D。
15. D 考查名词词义辨析 根据该句中grow together under the ground可知：这里表示的是树根。所以，选D。
16. A 考查动词词义辨析 根据上文中的grow together可知：树根在地下相互缠绕生长，它们好像手拉着手。B拍手。所以，选A。
17. B 考查副词词义辨析 根据第14、16小题的解析可知：因为树木互相协作、分享资源，并且树根也相互缠绕生长，这样就使得整个群体面对强风或洪水时的确更加强大了。所以，选B。
18. C 考查形容词词义辨析 根据语境并结合常识可知：此处表示我们都承认树木对环境和地球的生存都至关重要(vital)。所以，选C。
19. D 考查名词词义辨析 句意：我们都承认树木对环境和地球的生存都至关重要。planet星球。所以，选D。
20. A 考查动词词义辨析 根据语境可知：树木已经为人类做出了巨大的贡献，也许未来它们会给予我们更多。所以，选A。
7.（模拟练习-3）
It has once again been declared the world’s most popular museum. 1 , it may not be a 2 thing for the Louvre (卢浮宫) in Paris.
The museum broke its own 3 in 2018, welcoming 10.2 million 4 and claiming the top spot in an index of the world’s most-visited museums.
But the Louvre’s uptick (小幅增加) in visitors 5 too much for many of its workers. And 6 by reception and security staff over the number of tourists 7 through its doors hit opening hours throughout the week.
"The Louvre is suffocating (使人窒息的)," a worker said in a statement. "The number of visitors has increased by more than 20% since 2009, but the palace has not grown," he 8 .
The museum was 9 on Monday and opened later than advertised on Wednesday, due to a 10 with the dissatisfied workers. Visitors 11 outside the building throughout the week, and those without bookings were 12 .
Although tensions with its workers 13 , the museum has a 14 bottom line. The Louvre broke its 2012 15 record in 2018, marking a dramatic 16 from a sharp downturn in visits in 2017.The downturn was due to a sudden decrease in 17 in Paris.
The social media that are 18 about Beyoncé and Jay-Z’s music 19 filmed at the museum may have played a role in that increase.
But while visitor numbers rose at the Louvre, the overall attendance was relatively 20 among the top 20 museums in the world last year. Attendance grew among the top 20 by just 0.1% from 2017 to 2018.
1. A. Moreover B. However C. Finally D. Eventually
2. A. splendid B. skeptical C. tough D. sad
3. A. promise B. rule C. record D. law
4. A. musicians B. artists C. visitors D. volunteers
5. A. acquired B. suffered C. blamed D. proved
6. A. strikes B. quarrels C. fights D. contests
7. A. flooding B. jumping C. crawling D. slipping
8. A. stopped B. added C. started D. paused
9. A. decorated B. repaired C. visited D. closed
10. A. lecture B. meeting C. speech D. lesson
11. A. queued B. dined C. helped D. served
12. A. turned up B. turned over C. turned away D. turned on
13. A. die out B. pay off C. fade away D. go on
14. A. healthy B. funny C. tinny D. cozy
15. A. quality B. attendance C. photo D. worker
16. A. alarm B. attack C. recovery D. prediction
17. A. paintings B. products C. population D. tourism
18. A. innocent B. selfish C. crazy D. generous
19. A. concert B. video C. festival D. industry
20. A. high B. huge C. round D. flat
【答案与解析】
本文主要介绍了游客量的增加使巴黎卢浮宫不堪重负。巴黎卢浮宫2018年的游客量打破了其以往的纪录，给其工作人员带来重压甚至导致工作人员罢工。
1. B 考查副词词义辨析 上文说卢浮宫又一次被宣布成为世界上最受欢迎的博物馆。根据该句中的may not be及下文游客量上升给卢浮宫工作人员带来的重压可知：此处表示然而(However)，对于巴黎卢浮宫来说，这可能不是一件很好的(splendid)事情。所以，选B。
2. A 考查形容词词义辨析 参见上题解析。splendid极佳的，非常好的；skeptical怀疑的；tough 难办的；sad悲伤的。所以，选A。
3. C 考查名词词义辨析 根据该句中的the top spot，并结合语境可知：这家博物馆接待了1020万游客，打破了它的纪录。A违背了诺言；B违反了常规；C打破了记录；D违反了法律。所以，选C。
4. C 考查名词词义辨析 参见上题解析。选C。
5. D 考查动词义辨析 根据下文中The Louvre is suffocating (使人窒息的)可知，卢浮宫的游客量的这个小幅增加最后证明是卢浮宫的工作人员所不能承受的。所以，选D。
6. A 考查名词词义辨析 根据下文工作人员在一份声明中所说的话可知：接待处和安保处的工作人员实行罢工是因为涌入博物馆大门的游客太多。所以，选A。
7. A 考查动词词义辨析 参见上题解析。flood大量涌入；jump跳跃；crawl爬行；slip滑倒。所以，选A。
8. B 考查动词词义辨析 根据上文内容可知：工作人员在一份声明中表态。此处应是其补充说。所以，选B。
9. D 考查动词词义辨析 根据下文中opened，并结合语境可知：该博物馆在星期一的时候闭馆，又于周三开放。所以，选D。
10. B 考查名词词义辨析 结合选项和常识可知，推迟开放是因为一次和(对现状)不满意的卢浮宫工作人员的会议。所以，选B。
11. A 考查动词词义辨析 根据该句outside the building，并结合选项可知：此处表示游客在卢浮宫外面排队等候。所以，选A。
12. C 考查动词短语 根据上文提到的游客量太大，需排队等候可知：那些没有订票的游客被拒之门外。turn sb. away把某人拒之门外，不准某人进入。 turn up到达，偶然出现；urn over使翻转；turn on打开。所以，选C。
13. D 考查动词短语 句意：尽管博物馆和工作人员的这种紧张关系在继续，但是博物馆的最终盈利还是很可观的。go on继续。所以，选D。
14. A 考查形容词词义辨析 句意：尽管博物馆和工作人员的这种紧张关系在继续，但是博物馆的最终盈利还是很可观的。healthy可观的；funny好笑的；tinny (声音)尖细的；cozy温暖舒适的。所以，选A。
15. B 考查名词词义辨析 卢浮宫2018年打破了它在2012年创下的游客到访(attendance)纪录。所以，选B。
16.C 考查名词词义辨析 由前半句可知，此处表示：一次巨大的回升。A警报；B攻击；C恢复；D预测。所以，选C。
17. D 考查名词词义辨析 这次下降是因为巴黎旅游业(tourism)的突然下滑。所以，选D。
18. C 考查固定搭配 此处表示对在卢浮宫进行拍摄的Beyoncé和Jay-Z’s音乐录影(video)特别痴迷的社交媒体可能在此次游客量的增加上也起了作用。be crazy about sb./sth. 对某人/某物着迷，为固定搭配。所以，选C。
19. B 考查名词词义辨析 此处表示对在卢浮宫进行拍摄的Beyoncé和Jay-Z’s音乐录影(video)特别痴迷的社交媒体可能在此次游客量的增加上也起了作用。所以，选B。
20. D 考查形容词词义辨析 根据该句中的But while和下一句可知：虽然卢浮宫的游客量是上升的，但是去年在世界前20大博物馆中它的整体的到访人数相对而言不高，也就是说不景气。flat不景气的，萧条的。所以，选D。
8. （模拟练习-4）
At age 14, 15 and 16, the way we looked was the most important thing in the world to us. My friends and I wanted nothing less than perfection.
In high school, we joined the gymnastics team, and our 1 became even more important to us. We had no fat, only muscle. On the weekends, we would go to the beach, 2 of our flat stomachs.
One summer day, all my friends were at my house 3 . At one point, I was running back to the pool. I 4 on a bee, and while it was dying under my foot, it stung (蛰) me. I instantly started to feel 5 . That night, I began to run a high fever and my leg and foot were red, hot and swollen. I couldn't walk. I could barely 6 .
When my foot started to go numb, everyone became more 7 . My foot was not getting enough blood. I had to go to the hospital, and my leg 8 as if it were badly broken. I couldn't move. All I could do was think about how soft my middle was becoming. That 9 me more than any concern over my leg.
That would all 10 when I heard the doctors mention possibly cutting off my foot. It was still not getting the 11 supply it needed. The doctors would have to speed up their treatment.
Never before did I have such great 12 for my foot. And walking seemed like a 13 from the gods. Less and less I wanted to hear my friends talk about 14 and who was wearing what. More and more I expected visits from other kids in the hospital, who were quickly becoming my friends.
One girl came to visit me 15 . Every time she came, she brought flowers. She was recovering from cancer and felt she should come back and 16 the other patients.
She still had no hair, and she was swollen from the medications she had been taking. I would not have given this girl a second 17 before. I now loved every inch of her and looked forward to her 18 .
Finally, I was improving and soon I went home. My leg was still swollen, 19 I was walking, and I had my foot! When I would go back to the hospital, I often saw my friend. She was still visiting people and 20 good cheer. I thought if there was an angel on this earth, it had to be her.
1. A. grades B. brains C. bodies D. clothes
2. A. ashamed B. proud C. sure D. tired
3. A. dancing B. chatting C. jogging D. swimming
4. A. stepped B. focused C. held D. took
5. A. upset B. fearful C. sick D. anxious
6. A. jump B. run C. stand D. rest
7. A. concerned B. relieved C. surprised D. interested
8. A. harmed B. hurt C. wounded D. injured
9. A. blamed B. impressed C. shocked D. troubled
10. A. change B. bother C. help D. happen
11. A. nutrition B. blood C. time D. air
12. A. observation B. devotion C. appreciation D. evaluation
13. A. gift B. hand C. promise D. treat
14. A. homework B. appointment C. movies D. gymnastics
15. A. suddenly B. regularly C. eventually D. recently
16. A. advise B. encourage C. serve D. instruct
17. A. choice B. thought C. glance D. chance
18. A. words B. ideas C. flowers D. visits
19. A. but B. then C. so D. for
20. A. enjoying B. gaining C. discovering D. spreading
【答案与解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是对14、15岁、16岁的学生来说，世界上最重要的东西就是他们看起来的样子。上高中参加了体操队，身体对他们来说更加重要。
1. C 考查名词词义辨析 grade分数；brain大脑；body身体；clothes衣服。由上下文可知，“我”们参加了体操队。我们身上只有肌肉，没有脂肪。故可推知，“我”们的身体对我们来说更重要。故答案选C。
2. B 考查形容词词义辨析 由上文可知，作者练习体操。身体非常重要，所以他们对自己扁平的腹部很骄傲。Ashamed羞愧的；proud骄傲的，自豪的；sure肯定的；tired疲惫的。所以，选B。
3. D 考查动词词义辨析 下一句提到，作者跑回到游泳池中。由此可知，她的朋友们到作者家来游泳。dance跳舞；chat聊天；jog慢跑；swim游泳。所以，选D。
4. A 考查动词词义辨析 由语境可知，作者踩住了一只蜜蜂。step跨步，迈步，踩；focus（使）集中，（使）聚集；hold拿，握；take拿走，取走。所以，选A。
5. C 考查形容词词义辨析 由上文可知，作者被蜜蜂蜇了，晚上就发高烧。由此可知，作者刚被咬了，马上就感觉非常不舒服。upset心烦的，苦恼的；fearful害怕的，恐惧的；sick生病的，恶心的；anxious渴望的，焦虑的。所以，选C。
6. C 考查动词词义辨析 由上文可知，腿和脚红肿，作者不能走路，所以可以推知作者几乎不能站立。jump跳；run跑；stand站；rest休息。所以，选C。
7. A 考查形容词词义辨析 由语境可知，当作者的脚没有了知觉时，所有的人更加担心（作者了）。concerned关心的，担心的；relieved感到宽慰的；surprised惊讶的；interested感兴趣的。所以，选A。
8. B 考查名词词义辨析 由语境可知，作者的脚步的伤势越来越严重，作者不得不去医院。beach海滩；hospital医院；gym体育馆；school学校。所以，选B。
9. D 考查动词词义辨析 上一句提到，作者的腰越来越软（越无力），由此可知，这种情况使作者更烦恼，超过了腿部带给她的烦恼。blame责备；impress给……留下印象；shock使震惊；trouble使烦恼。所以，选D。
10. A 考查动词词义辨析 c由语境可知，作者听到医生说要将她的脚截去，在这种情况下，一切将会发生变化。hange改变；bother使烦恼，使担忧；help帮助；happen发生。所以，选A。
11. B 考查名词词义辨析 由该句中的still可知，作者的脚仍然得不到足够的血液。nutrition营养；blood血；time时间；air空气。第三段提到作者的脚步得不到足够的血液。所以，选B。
12. C 考查名词词义辨析 由语境可知，作者的脚受伤，不能行走。这时，作者才意识到脚的重要性，感激自己的脚可以让自己的行走。由此可知，以前作者从未如此感激自己的脚。observation观察；devotion贡献，献身；appreciation欣赏，感激，了解；evaluation评估。所以，选C。
13. A 考查名词词义辨析 由上文可知，作者行走不容易，故走路对作者而言就像是来自于上帝的礼物。gift礼物；hand手；promise诺言；treat治疗。所以，选A。
14. D 考查名词词义辨析 由语境可知，作者的脚受伤，无法行动，更无法像以前那样练习体操。所以作者越来越不愿意听到朋友们谈论和体操有关的东西。homework作业；appointment约定，约会；movie电影；gymnastics体操。所以，选D。
15. B 考查副词词义辨析 由下文every time可知，有一个女孩子经常来看作者。suddenly突然；regularly定期地，有规律地；eventually最后，最终；recently最近，近来。所以，选B。
16. B 考查动词词义辨析 上文提到，这个女孩子正在从癌症中康复过来。所以她认为自己应该回医院鼓励其他病人。最后一个空后面的“good cheer” 亦是呼应。advise建议；encourage鼓励；serve为……服务；instruct指示，指导，命令。所以，选B。
17. C 考查名词词义辨析 下一句提到作者现在非常喜欢这个女孩子的到来。故可推知，以前（在作者脚未受伤之前），她对这个女孩子肯定不屑一顾，不会在意她。choice选择；thought想法；glance一瞥；chance机会。所以，选C。
18. D 考查名词词义辨析 由上一句可知，作者喜欢这个女孩子，盼望她来看望自己。word词；idea想法，主意；flower花；visit看望，访问，参观。所以，选D。
19. A 考查连词词义辨析 由下一句“I had my foot”可知，作者的脚伤溅愈。所以前后两句话之间是转折关系：尽管我的脚仍然肿胀，但是我可以行走了。but但是，then是副词，然后，那么；so所以，因为；for 因为。所以，选A。
20. D 考查动词词义辨析 由语境可知，女孩子到医院来鼓励其他病人，相当于是将勇气传播给人们。enjoy喜欢，欣赏；gain获得；discover发现；spread（使）传播，扩散。所以，选D。
19
