课件105张PPT。专项语法突破(十) 定语从句课件92张PPT。专项语法突破(十一) 名词性从句 课件115张PPT。专项语法突破(十二) 并列句与状语从句一、考点分布
高考并列句和状语从句考点统计表2．试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点。四个选项中往往给出尽可能多的不同性质连词，如：as可引导时间、原因、让步三种不同性质的从句；while可引导并列句和时间状语从句；because和if可分别引导原因和条件状语从句。干扰项还会出现定语从句和名词性从句。
3．在并列句中要熟悉不同逻辑关系的并列连词，在状语从句中要特别注意时间状语、条件状语和让步状语从句的用法，从上表中可以看出，这些都是高考中的考查考点。句子简单句并列句复合句(1)表示递进关系的并列句(联合并列句)
用来表示递进关系的并列连词有and, not only...but also..., neither...nor..., not...but...等。如：
Think it over, and you'll find a way out.
仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.
他不仅说得更正确，而且说得还更轻松。Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.
他和他弟弟工作都不努力。
这类表递进关系的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。(2)表示选择关系的并列句(选择并列句)
表示选择关系的并列连词有or, either...or..., otherwise等。
Be careful about what you say or you may regret it.
当心你讲的话，否则你会后悔的。
Either you are right or I am.
要么你对，要么我对。
Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.
要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。(3)表示转折关系的并列句(转折并列句)
表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, whereas, while等。
I would have written before but I was ill.
我本该早写信的，但我生病了。
I have failed, yet I shall try again.
我失败了，但我还要再尝试。
Some men are rich, while (whereas) other are poor.
一些人富有，但其他人贫穷。(4)表示因果关系的并列句(因果并列句)
表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for等。
We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.
我们得早点动身，因为开车去机场得花两个小时。
The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.
商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。③sb. had just done sth....when...如：
We were having a meeting when he broke in.
当时我们正在开会，突然他闯了进来。
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出门，这时电话响了。
(2)while作并列连词用，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如：
He likes pop music while I'm fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。(2)while引导的动作必须是持续性的，主句动作和从句动作同时发生，从句动作多用进行时。如：
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
别人在工作时，请不要高声说话。
(3)as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”。如：
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边回头看。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态，表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。如：
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。2．as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly，the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when和once等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：The moment I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming.
我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我刚到车站，火车就离站了。3．till, until和not...until
(1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：
He remained there until she arrived.
他一直在那儿等到她到。
You may stay here until the rain stops.
你可在这里待到雨停。(2)否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：
He won't go to bed till/until she returns.
直到她回来他才睡。
(3)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。(4)not...until句型中的强调和倒装用法：
I didn't know about it until you told me.
It was not until you told me that I knew about it.(强调句型)
Not until you told me did I know about it. (not until放句首，主句要倒装)
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。4．before和since
(1)若表达“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；还没来得及……”时，需用连词before。before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
他们还没到车站，火车已开走了。
(2)It will be＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才……。如：
It will be half a year before I come back.
还得呆半年我才能回来。
It won't be long before we meet again.
过不了多久我们会再见面的。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应地，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：
I have written home four times since I came here.
自从我来到这儿，我给家里写了四封信。
She has been working in this factory since she left school.
她离开学校以来，就一直在这个钱工厂工作。(4)在“It is＋一段时间＋since从句”句型中，如果since从句中动词为延续性动词，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：
It is three years since the war broke out.
自战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar (＝since I stopped smoking a cigar)．
我不吸烟有三年了。
如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”，应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.5．every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。如：
Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
每当我处于困境时，他就来帮助我。Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把儿子带来。
The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
上次她看见James的时候，他正躺在床上。If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
如果他不在办公室，那他一定是出去吃午饭了。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard (＝if you don't study hard)．
除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。
As long as you don't lose heart, you'll succeed.你只要不灰心，就会成功。
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还会求助谁？1．although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/if(即使)
although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如：
He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.
虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。Even though/if it is raining, we'll go there. (陈述语气)
即使下雨，我们也要去那里。
Even if I were busy, I would go. (虚拟语气)
即使我忙，也得去。2．疑问词＋ever与no matter＋疑问词引导的让步状语从句
口语中常用no matter＋疑问词来代替疑问词＋ever引导的让步状语从句。如：
No matter what (＝Whatever) I did, no one paid any attention.
不管我做什么都没人关注我。No matter where (＝Wherever) you work, you can always find time to study.
不管你在哪里工作，你都能找时间学习。
No matter how (＝However) often I ring, no one will answer.
不管我怎么频繁地按铃都没人应答。3．when, while还可作从属连词，相当于although, when多放于句中，while多放于句首。如：
Suddenly, she stopped short when she ought to have continued.
尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。
While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。4．as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，状语、表语及谓语动词的一部分要置于as之前，且作表语的可数名词单数前面的冠词要省略。如：
Try as we might we failed again.
虽然我们努力了但我们又失败了。
Late as he came he saw the famous man.
尽管他来晚了他还是看到了那个名人。5．whether引导的让步状语从句
whether可以作“不论……还是……”讲，这时应可以引导让步状语从句。如：
Whether you can see the moon or not, it is always round.
不论你能否看得见月亮，月亮总是圆的。
You may rely upon my help, whether others help you or not.
不论别人帮不帮你，你都可以依赖我的帮助。Make a mark where you have any questions.
在你有问题的地方作个标记。
Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.
无论约翰在哪里都能像在家里一样。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。
I feel as if I have a fever.
我感觉好像发烧了。Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
迈克是如此诚实的一个工人，以至于我们都相信他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗以至于我们都想去公园。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他挣这么少钱，以至于不能支撑家庭。He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.
＝He got up too late to catch the bus.
＝He got up so late as to miss the bus.
他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。(1)because, since, as, for都可表示原因，但用法不同：
①because表示某件事情产生的直接原因或理由，语气最强。回答用why提问的句子只能用because引导，because引导的从句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，另外，只有because从句能用于强调句被强调原因。如：
He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.
他昨天没有来学校因为他生病了。②since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论，常位于主句之前。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如：
Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?
既然你在这里了，为什么不多呆几天呢？③as表示十分明显的原因，常位于主句之前，用于说明因果关系，语气较弱，常译为“由于”。如：
As it's getting darker, we must go home now.
由于天变得越来越黑了，我们现在必须回家。
④for是并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
地面是湿的，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。(2)此外，when还表示原因，意为“既然”；considering that“既然；考虑到”。如：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.
既然你步行5分钟能轻松到那里，却打的，真够愚蠢的。(3)其他表示原因的方式
除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。
(1)in order that与so that
两个连词意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如：I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
我会慢慢说以便你能懂。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了看到日出，我们很早就出去了山顶。
(2)for fear that, in case与lest
这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should＋)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that...not...或in order that...not...。如：
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。
Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.
带上你的雨衣以防下雨。典题示例
He was about to say something more ________ a boy rushed in, gun in hand.
A．that B．when
C．in case D．while方法二：巧记正确形式
在as，however, whatever引导的让步状语从句中，都有adj.的提前，但是提前的位置是不一样的，只有记牢正确形式，做题时才会得心应手。adj.＋as＋句子；however＋adj.＋句子，whatever＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋句子，(特别注意主语前有名词。)典题示例
________， as long as I'm with nature, I don't care.
A．However tough the voyage is
B．Whatever tough the journey is
C．However the voyage is tough
D．Whatever the journey is tough方法三：巧看句式结构
在复合句的考题中，要首先看一下有没有and, or, but, so等并列连词，这些词可以作为做题的依据。典题示例
________ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
A．Having been told
B．Though he had been told
C．He was told
D．Having told1．(2011·新课标全国)—Someone wants you on the phone.
—________ nobody knows I am here.
A．Although B．And
C．But D．So2.(2011·山东)Find ways to praise your children often，____ you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
A. till B. or
C. and D. but3．(2011·辽宁)Bring the flowers into a warm room ______they'll soon open.
A．or B．and
C．but D．for4．(2011·浙江)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.
A．after B．while
C．since D．when5．(2011·福建)It was April 29,2011______Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A．that B．when
C．since D．before6．(2011·江西)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.
A．whenever B．however
C．whichever D．wherever7．(2011·四川)As is reported, it is 100 years ________ Qinghua University was founded.
A．when B．before
C．after D．since8．(2011·新课标全国)Try ________ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.
A．if B．when
C．since D．as9．(2011·天津)______regular exercise is very important. It's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
A．If B．As
C．Although D．Unless10．(2011·辽宁)No matter how______， it is not necessarily lifeless.
A．a desert may be dry
B．dry a desert may be
C．may a desert be dry
D．dry may a desert be11．(2011·北京)________ volleyball is her main focus, she's also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once
C. Unless D. While12．(2011·陕西)________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While
C. If D. As13．(2011·全国Ⅱ)It was a nice meal, ________ a little expensive.
A．though B．whether
C．as D．since14．(2011·四川)Frank insisted that he was not asleep ________ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A．whether B．although
C．for D．so15．(2011·重庆)To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ________ we are to shake hands with.
A．whichever B．whenever
C．whoever D．wherever16．(2011·山东)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if B. if only
C. in case D. so that17．(2011·辽宁)He had no sooner finished his speech ______the students started cheering.
A．since B．as
C．when D．than18．(北京重点中学模拟)________ we admit that there are still some problems about NMET, we don't mean that it is of no use.
A．Until B．While
C．As D．Unless19．(江苏启东模拟)________，but the idea of having to work more than ten hours a day without weekends discouraged me.
A．Wanting to be a teacher
B．Although I wanted to be a teacher
C．I had wanted to be a teacher
D．To want to be a teacher20．(浙江余姚中学质检)—Did you wait for him long?
—No, I hadn't waited long ________ he appeared.
A．unless B．until
C．before D．since21．(福州八中质检)Give me one more minute ________ I'll be able to finish it.
A．and B．or
C．if D．so22．(浙江五校联考)There he was, standing exactly ________ I had left him, smiling proudly.
A．when B．that
C．in which D．where23．(湖南师大附中一模)You can't win the game ____ ____ you never practice during this period.
A．when B．as
C．while D．once24．(浙江宁波十校联考)Usually an adult can grow about 1.7 metres tall, ________ a few may grow as short as 1.3 metres.
A．while B．or
C．for D．so25．(蚌埠二中质检)________ I was on a train and a Chinese university lecturer told me a story about his sister and brother-in-law.
A．When B．While
C．As D ．Once课件157张PPT。专项语法突破(十三) 特殊句式一、考点分布
高考特殊句式考点统计表(2)主谓一致主要考查
①并列主语的主谓一致
②数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
③从句中的主谓一致
(3)祈使句主要考查
①根据句式特点判断是祈使句还是状语成分
②祈使句＋and/or＋结构分句(4)感叹句主要考查
①what与how引导的感叹句的区别
②感叹句的语序(2)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the way等，置于句首。如：
Out rushed the children.
孩子们冲了出去。
South of the river lies a small factory.
一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。In a lecture hall of a univeristy in England sits a professor.
在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。
(3)such置于句首时。如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦，一个简单的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。Such are the facts, no one can deny them.
这就是事实，没有人能否认他们。
此句型中的such多被认为是表语。所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有：2．部分倒装 Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。②only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装。如：
Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(×)
Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (√)
③only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。如：
Only can he answer the question. (×)
Only he can answer the question. (√)(2)not only...but also引导并列分句，且not only放于句首时，not only引导的句子倒装，but (also)句子不倒装。。如：
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要的人提供医疗。Never before have I seen such a moving film.
以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。
Not a single mistake did he make.
他一个错误也没犯。
Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.
在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。(4)so/such...that..句型，so/such放于句首时。如：
In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door.
他离开办公室时太匆忙了，结果忘了锁门。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语如此清晰目的是能被听懂。—I was afraid. (句中的I指的是说话者A)
—So was I. (I指的是B，此句意为：I was afraid, too.)
—I was afraid. (I指的是A)
—So you were. (you指的也是A。此句意为：Indeed you were afraid.)再比较几个句子：
He came last night, and so did I.
他昨晚来了，我也来了。
—It is hot.——天很热。
—So it is.——的确如此。
—He is lazy. ——他很懒。
—So is she. ——她也一样。(7)．.., neither (或nor)＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语，……也不这样。如：
Lily can't ride, neither/nor can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。①感叹句
What an interesting talk they had!
他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀！
How interesting their talk is!
他们的谈话多么有趣！b．此句型中的第一个the more引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句；第二个the more引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句的意思实质上就是：If you work harder, you will make greater progress.③whatever, however＋adj./adv. 引导让步状语从句
Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
无论你有什么理由，你都应当履行诺言。
However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.
无论这个问题有多难，今晚我们必须解决。Strange as/though it seems, it is true.
尽管这事看上去奇怪，却是真的。
Exhausted as/though she was, she wasn't able to sleep.
尽管她精疲力竭，但还是睡不着觉。②谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might, he didn't pass the exam.
尽管他努力了，但考试还是不及格。
Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.
尽管他们在房子里到处寻找，但他们找不到任何东西。③状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it.
他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.
虽然我努力学习了，但赶不上他们。It was him that/whom we met at the school gate.(宾语)
我们在学校门口见到的就是他。
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(状语)(2)其一般疑问句只需把is/was提前，即Is/Was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。如：
It is Professor Wang who teaches you English?
教你们英语的是王教授吗？
Was it during the Anti-Japanese War that he died?
他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？(3)它的特殊疑问句为：疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？如：
Who was it that broke the window?
打破窗户的是谁？
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？
What is it that you want me to do?
你要我干什么？(4)not...until...句型的强调句
其强调句式为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。如：
He didn't go to bed until ten o'clock.
→It was not until ten o'clock that he went to bed.
直到10点他才上床休息。I didn't realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。(5)强调句中的it与代词it
可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把it is/was和that去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。如：
It is there that accidents often happen.
→Accidents often happen there.
在那儿经常发生事故。以上就是强调句型，被强调成分是状语，把It is和that去掉，可还原成原来的非强调句。
It is clear that not all boys like football.
很显然并非所有男孩都喜欢足球。
去掉It is和that句子成了：Clear not all boys like football.
很显然这不是一个完整的句子，因此不是强调句型，而是由it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。(6)强调句型It is/was...that...；It is/was＋时间＋when/ before从句；It is＋时间＋since从句
①强调句型与It is/was＋时间＋when/before从句
在It is/was＋时间＋when/before从句中，it指时间，when/before引导的时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。如：It was at midnight that he got home yesterday.
昨天午夜他回到了家里。
It was midnight when he got home yesterday.
昨天他回到家里时，已经是午夜了。
第一句是强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；而第二句是一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，用来作表语。第一句为强调句型，强调的是过去的事情，用一般过去时；而第二句表示“从过去到现在已有多长时间”，用一般现在时。但强调句型同样可以用一般现在时。如：
It is two hours that he spends on English every day.
每天他花在英语上的时间为两小时。(2)不管主句否定，还是附加问句否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You aren't a teacher, are you？或You are a teacher, aren't you？时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes, I am.否则，回答No，I am not.。(2)四种情况下的反意疑问句
①陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句。其反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。如：
You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn't/didn't you?
你过去经常开着窗子睡觉，是吗？②陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句。其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。如：
He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn't/shouldn't he?
你应该参加这场演讲，是不是？③否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句。当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：
He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?
没有拐杖他没法走路，是吗？④如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如：
Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesn't he?
汤姆不喜欢打网球，是吗？
It's unfair, isn't it?
这不公平，是不是？(3)附加疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况(4)祈使句的反意疑问句
当陈述句部分是祈使句时，反意疑问句的助动词不用do。
共有三种情况：①祈使句后面的附加疑问句一般用will you或won't you.如：
Come in and sit down, won't you?
进来坐下，好吗？
Give me a hand, will you?
帮我个忙，行吗？
②以Let's开头的祈使句，后面的附加疑问句要用shall we；而以Let us或以Let me开头的祈使句，其后的附加疑问句应用will you。如：
Let's try another way, shall we?
我们尝试另一个办法，如吗？
Let us have a go, will you?
让我们试一试，好吗？③若陈述句部分是否定的祈使句，附加疑问句除了用will you外，也可用can you。此时附加疑问必须为肯定形式。Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
他原来是教师，现在在政府办公室工作。(连词＋名词)
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。(连词＋形容词)
He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something.
他到处打量好像在寻找什么东西。(连词＋介词短语)While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我正在沿着大街走时，听见有人叫我的名字。(连词＋现在分词)
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
展览比期望的更有趣。(连词＋过去分词)
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak.
他张了张嘴好像要说话。(连词＋不定式)②当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。如：
Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
除非有必要，否则你最好不要查字典。另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用if＋so/not省略句式。如：
He may not be at home then. If so (If he is not at home), leave him a note.
那时他可能不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留个便条。Get up early tomrrow. If not (If you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
明天早晨要早起床。如果不早起，你就会错过第一班公交车。
(2)不定式的省略
①单独使用不定式符号to。如：
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.
我请他看电影，但是他不想去。
I didn't want to there, but I had to.
我不想去那里，但不得不去。②否定形式的省略用not to。如：
If you think reading is not right, I prefer not to.
如果你认为读书不对，那么我愿意不读。③如果不定式中含有be, have, 或have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：
—Are you a worker?
你是工人吗？
—No, but I used to be.
我不是，但我曾经是。—He hasn't finished yet.
他还没做完呢。
—Well, he ought to have.
哦，他应该完成了。
(3)其他省略的情况
①as...as possible结构。这个结构常常表达“尽可能……”。如：
I drove as slowly as possible in the heavy traffic.
在交通拥挤时我尽可能慢地开车。②What if句式。这一结构用来表达“要是/即使……怎么办/怎么样”。如：
What if this plan of yours fails?
如果你们的计划失败了怎么办？
③What/How about句式。What/How about常用来提出建议或征求对方意见。如：
What about going to the novies this weekend?
这个周末去看电影怎么样？④Why/Why not句式。Why/Why not常跟动词原形，用来询问为什么或为什么不，有时含有强烈建议的意味。如：
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?
为什么不去向老师寻求帮助呢？Please don't forget to take your medicine.
请不要忘了吃药。(否定式)
Do come on time this evening.
今晚务必准时到。(强调式)
Do be careful!
千万要小心！(强调式)(2)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝if...，＋主句
祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝if...not...，＋主句
如：
Work hard and you will succeed. (＝If you work hard, you will succeed.)
努力工作，你就会成功。Hurry up or we will be late. (＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.)
快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。
One more minute and I will finish it. (＝If you give me one more minute, I will finish it.)
再待一分钟我就完成了。(2)省略形式的感叹句
①how直接修饰谓语动词：How＋主语＋谓语！
How (much) we love our motherland!
我们是多么热爱我们的祖国呀！
②省略主语和谓语
What an interesting book (it is)!
多有趣的一本书呀！
How wonderful (it is)!
真棒！(3)其他形式的感叹句
How can you be so silly!
你怎么这么傻！
The design and the colours!
多美的图案和色彩！
To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!
竟然把这样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁！There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.
教室前有棵高大的树。
There will be a meeting at the conference room at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning.
明天上午8点在会议室有一个会议。(2)如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be要采用就接近一致原则。
There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书还有许多铅笔。(3)there be结构有不同时态的形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There was a meeting in our school yesterday.
昨天我们学校召开了一次会议。
There will be a new film on Sunday.
星期日将上映一部新电影。There have been many great changes in our village since then.
自从那时到现在，我们村发生了很大变化
There can't be any mistakes in his passage.
他的文章里不可能有错误。(4)there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。
There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.
他的电脑可能有毛病。
Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.
从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。(5)there be句型的非谓语形式。
There being no enough time left, we have to hurry.
(＝Because there is no enough time left...)
时间不多了，我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语)
There having been no water for two days, the travelers were all very thirsty. (＝Because there had been no water for two days...)
已经停水两天了，这些游客们都口渴得厉害。(独立主格结构作状语)What is the chance of there being an election this years?
今年举行选举的可能性有多大？(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语)
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.
我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。(there be结构不定式形式作expect的复合宾语)It is natural there to be a generation gap between the parents and their children.
父母与孩子们之间存在代沟是很自然的事情。(there be的不定式结构作真正主语)典题示例
Could it be in the restaurant ________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you lost your handbag?
A．that; which B ．which; that
C．where; that D．that; where方法二：公式套用法
在有关倒装结构的知识点中，我们可以把There comes the bus与Here you are作为公式，然后推广记忆出“表示地点、方位的副词或介词短语位于句首要全倒装，而且代词作主语不倒装”这一知识点。并把它应用到做题中。典题示例
In front of the farmhouse ________.
A．lay a peasant boy
B．laid a peasant boy
C．lie a peasant boy
D．did a peasant boy lie方法三：还原法
在省略结构中，有些同学难以分辨哪一个是正确的选项，这时最好的办法就是补充到原来的句式结构。典题示例
Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember ________.
A．where B．there
C．which D．that1．(2011·新课标全国)Only when he reached the tea-house ________ it was the same place he'd been in last year.
A．he realized
B．he did realize
C．realized he
D．did he realize2．(2011·福建)—It's nice.Never before ______such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it.
A．I have had B．I had
C．have I had D．had I3．(2011·陕西)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do________benefits our work most.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what4．(2011·四川)Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A．where B．that
C．which D．what5．(2011·重庆)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course, I have. It was in our village ________ it was made.
A．that B．where
C．when D．which6．(2011·重庆)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ________？
A．could he B．didn't I
C．didn't you D．could they7．(2011·辽宁)______a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A．Which B．What
C．How D．Whether8．(北京五中模拟) So ________ that all the living things are dying out gradually.
A．serious polluted the lake is
B．serious polluted is the lake
C．seriously polluted the lake is
D．seriously polluted is the lake9．(天津南开模拟)We have to admit that never in the past ten years ________ so greatly as today.
A．did the city change
B．the city has changed
C．has the city changed
D．the city had changed10．(山东临沂一模)Only when ________ to explain ________ the reason for this.
A．did he start; she realized
B．he started; did she realize
C．did he start; she had realized
D．he started; had she realized答案：B 句意：只有当他开始解释时她才明白这件事的原因。only修饰状语位于句首时主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装，所以A、C两项可以排除。started to explain这一动作要早于realize这一动作，所以D项可以排除，只有B项正确。11．(海南琼海一模)—How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely ________ so much media attention.
A．did a debate attract
B．a debate attracted
C．a debate did attract
D．attracted a debate12．(长沙四县一模)—I'd like to play football with you, but I have an important thing to attend to.
—If you don't go, ________.
A．neither do I B．so will I
C．nor will I D．so do I13．(北京重点中学模拟)________， I'll wait for you to have dinner together. Be back as early as possible.
A．However late it is
B．No matter how it is late
C．However it is late
D．No matter how late is it14．(江苏东台模拟)Not a single word ________ when ________ about his stepmother.
A．he said; asked
B．did he say; asked
C．he said; asking
D．did he say; asking15．(长春外国语学校模拟)It was ________ back home after he finished the report.
A．not until midnight did he go
B．until midnight that he didn't go
C．not until midnight that he went
D．until midnight when he didn't go16．(北京五中模拟)He dressed up and went to the party as if ________.
A．was invited
B．had been invited
C．invited
D．to be invited17．(江西六校二模)—Did anybody sign your petition?
—Yes. We had a hundred signatures, ________.
A．if no more B．if not more
C．if moreover D．if not larger18．(浙江五校联考)That was a very busy street that I was never allowed to cross ________ accompanied by an adult.
A．when B．if
C．unless D．where19．(合肥二模)Mary enjoys homemade food, so she seldom, ________ eats out.
A．if never B．if any
C．if not D．if ever20．(哈尔滨六中一模)________ else in the world ______ in London can you experience 4 seasons in a single day.
A．Everywhere; rather than
B．Everywhere; other than
C．Nowhere; rather than
D．Nowhere; other than21．(浙江六校一模)It is the discovery of Cao Cao's tomb, ________ was made in Anyang, Henan Province, ________ has received widespread attention.
A．where; which B．where; that
C．that; which D．which; that22．(山西师大附中一模)He had little idea that it was getting so late, ________？
A．didn't he B．wasn't it
C．did he D．was it23．(哈尔滨九中三模)Only by shouting at the top of his voice ________.
A．was he able to make himself hear
B．he was able to make himself hear
C．was he able to make himself heard
D．he was able to make himself heard24．(陕西西安阎良区第二次综合训练)He's succeeded in many fields but his wife is an ordinary woman, ________？
A．is she B．isn't she
C．doesn't he D．hasn't he25．(哈尔滨六中二模)—He should have been warned of the danger.
—________， but he wouldn't listen to me.
A．Yes, he shouldn't
B．So he should
C．So was he
D．So he was课件161张PPT。专项语法突破(十四) 情景交际课件129张PPT。专项语法突破(一) 时态和语态课件115张PPT。专项语法突破(二) 动词与动词短语课件119张PPT。专项语法突破(三) 非谓语动词课件83张PPT。专项语法突破(四) 冠词 课件127张PPT。专项突破(五) 名词和代词 课件96张PPT。专项语法突破(六) 形容词和副词课件64张PPT。专项语法突破(七) 介词和介词短语课件78张PPT。专项语法突破(八) 数词与主谓一致课件176张PPT。专项语法突破(九)
情态动词与虚拟语气课件105张PPT。专项语法突破(十) 定语从句课件92张PPT。专项语法突破(十一) 名词性从句 课件115张PPT。专项语法突破(十二) 并列句与状语从句一、考点分布
高考并列句和状语从句考点统计表2．试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点。四个选项中往往给出尽可能多的不同性质连词，如：as可引导时间、原因、让步三种不同性质的从句；while可引导并列句和时间状语从句；because和if可分别引导原因和条件状语从句。干扰项还会出现定语从句和名词性从句。
3．在并列句中要熟悉不同逻辑关系的并列连词，在状语从句中要特别注意时间状语、条件状语和让步状语从句的用法，从上表中可以看出，这些都是高考中的考查考点。句子简单句并列句复合句(1)表示递进关系的并列句(联合并列句)
用来表示递进关系的并列连词有and, not only...but also..., neither...nor..., not...but...等。如：
Think it over, and you'll find a way out.
仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.
他不仅说得更正确，而且说得还更轻松。Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.
他和他弟弟工作都不努力。
这类表递进关系的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。(2)表示选择关系的并列句(选择并列句)
表示选择关系的并列连词有or, either...or..., otherwise等。
Be careful about what you say or you may regret it.
当心你讲的话，否则你会后悔的。
Either you are right or I am.
要么你对，要么我对。
Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.
要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。(3)表示转折关系的并列句(转折并列句)
表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, whereas, while等。
I would have written before but I was ill.
我本该早写信的，但我生病了。
I have failed, yet I shall try again.
我失败了，但我还要再尝试。
Some men are rich, while (whereas) other are poor.
一些人富有，但其他人贫穷。(4)表示因果关系的并列句(因果并列句)
表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for等。
We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.
我们得早点动身，因为开车去机场得花两个小时。
The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.
商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。③sb. had just done sth....when...如：
We were having a meeting when he broke in.
当时我们正在开会，突然他闯了进来。
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出门，这时电话响了。
(2)while作并列连词用，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如：
He likes pop music while I'm fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。(2)while引导的动作必须是持续性的，主句动作和从句动作同时发生，从句动作多用进行时。如：
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
别人在工作时，请不要高声说话。
(3)as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”。如：
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边回头看。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态，表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。如：
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。2．as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly，the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when和once等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：The moment I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming.
我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我刚到车站，火车就离站了。3．till, until和not...until
(1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：
He remained there until she arrived.
他一直在那儿等到她到。
You may stay here until the rain stops.
你可在这里待到雨停。(2)否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：
He won't go to bed till/until she returns.
直到她回来他才睡。
(3)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。(4)not...until句型中的强调和倒装用法：
I didn't know about it until you told me.
It was not until you told me that I knew about it.(强调句型)
Not until you told me did I know about it. (not until放句首，主句要倒装)
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。4．before和since
(1)若表达“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；还没来得及……”时，需用连词before。before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
他们还没到车站，火车已开走了。
(2)It will be＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才……。如：
It will be half a year before I come back.
还得呆半年我才能回来。
It won't be long before we meet again.
过不了多久我们会再见面的。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应地，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：
I have written home four times since I came here.
自从我来到这儿，我给家里写了四封信。
She has been working in this factory since she left school.
她离开学校以来，就一直在这个钱工厂工作。(4)在“It is＋一段时间＋since从句”句型中，如果since从句中动词为延续性动词，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：
It is three years since the war broke out.
自战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar (＝since I stopped smoking a cigar)．
我不吸烟有三年了。
如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”，应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.5．every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。如：
Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
每当我处于困境时，他就来帮助我。Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把儿子带来。
The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
上次她看见James的时候，他正躺在床上。If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
如果他不在办公室，那他一定是出去吃午饭了。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard (＝if you don't study hard)．
除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。
As long as you don't lose heart, you'll succeed.你只要不灰心，就会成功。
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还会求助谁？1．although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/if(即使)
although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如：
He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.
虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。Even though/if it is raining, we'll go there. (陈述语气)
即使下雨，我们也要去那里。
Even if I were busy, I would go. (虚拟语气)
即使我忙，也得去。2．疑问词＋ever与no matter＋疑问词引导的让步状语从句
口语中常用no matter＋疑问词来代替疑问词＋ever引导的让步状语从句。如：
No matter what (＝Whatever) I did, no one paid any attention.
不管我做什么都没人关注我。No matter where (＝Wherever) you work, you can always find time to study.
不管你在哪里工作，你都能找时间学习。
No matter how (＝However) often I ring, no one will answer.
不管我怎么频繁地按铃都没人应答。3．when, while还可作从属连词，相当于although, when多放于句中，while多放于句首。如：
Suddenly, she stopped short when she ought to have continued.
尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。
While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。4．as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，状语、表语及谓语动词的一部分要置于as之前，且作表语的可数名词单数前面的冠词要省略。如：
Try as we might we failed again.
虽然我们努力了但我们又失败了。
Late as he came he saw the famous man.
尽管他来晚了他还是看到了那个名人。5．whether引导的让步状语从句
whether可以作“不论……还是……”讲，这时应可以引导让步状语从句。如：
Whether you can see the moon or not, it is always round.
不论你能否看得见月亮，月亮总是圆的。
You may rely upon my help, whether others help you or not.
不论别人帮不帮你，你都可以依赖我的帮助。Make a mark where you have any questions.
在你有问题的地方作个标记。
Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.
无论约翰在哪里都能像在家里一样。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。
I feel as if I have a fever.
我感觉好像发烧了。Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
迈克是如此诚实的一个工人，以至于我们都相信他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗以至于我们都想去公园。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他挣这么少钱，以至于不能支撑家庭。He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.
＝He got up too late to catch the bus.
＝He got up so late as to miss the bus.
他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。(1)because, since, as, for都可表示原因，但用法不同：
①because表示某件事情产生的直接原因或理由，语气最强。回答用why提问的句子只能用because引导，because引导的从句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，另外，只有because从句能用于强调句被强调原因。如：
He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.
他昨天没有来学校因为他生病了。②since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论，常位于主句之前。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如：
Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?
既然你在这里了，为什么不多呆几天呢？③as表示十分明显的原因，常位于主句之前，用于说明因果关系，语气较弱，常译为“由于”。如：
As it's getting darker, we must go home now.
由于天变得越来越黑了，我们现在必须回家。
④for是并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
地面是湿的，昨天晚上肯定下雨了。(2)此外，when还表示原因，意为“既然”；considering that“既然；考虑到”。如：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.
既然你步行5分钟能轻松到那里，却打的，真够愚蠢的。(3)其他表示原因的方式
除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。
(1)in order that与so that
两个连词意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如：I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
我会慢慢说以便你能懂。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
为了看到日出，我们很早就出去了山顶。
(2)for fear that, in case与lest
这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should＋)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that...not...或in order that...not...。如：
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。
Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.
带上你的雨衣以防下雨。典题示例
He was about to say something more ________ a boy rushed in, gun in hand.
A．that B．when
C．in case D．while方法二：巧记正确形式
在as，however, whatever引导的让步状语从句中，都有adj.的提前，但是提前的位置是不一样的，只有记牢正确形式，做题时才会得心应手。adj.＋as＋句子；however＋adj.＋句子，whatever＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋句子，(特别注意主语前有名词。)典题示例
________， as long as I'm with nature, I don't care.
A．However tough the voyage is
B．Whatever tough the journey is
C．However the voyage is tough
D．Whatever the journey is tough方法三：巧看句式结构
在复合句的考题中，要首先看一下有没有and, or, but, so等并列连词，这些词可以作为做题的依据。典题示例
________ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.
A．Having been told
B．Though he had been told
C．He was told
D．Having told1．(2011·新课标全国)—Someone wants you on the phone.
—________ nobody knows I am here.
A．Although B．And
C．But D．So2.(2011·山东)Find ways to praise your children often，____ you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
A. till B. or
C. and D. but3．(2011·辽宁)Bring the flowers into a warm room ______they'll soon open.
A．or B．and
C．but D．for4．(2011·浙江)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.
A．after B．while
C．since D．when5．(2011·福建)It was April 29,2011______Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A．that B．when
C．since D．before6．(2011·江西)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.
A．whenever B．however
C．whichever D．wherever7．(2011·四川)As is reported, it is 100 years ________ Qinghua University was founded.
A．when B．before
C．after D．since8．(2011·新课标全国)Try ________ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.
A．if B．when
C．since D．as9．(2011·天津)______regular exercise is very important. It's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
A．If B．As
C．Although D．Unless10．(2011·辽宁)No matter how______， it is not necessarily lifeless.
A．a desert may be dry
B．dry a desert may be
C．may a desert be dry
D．dry may a desert be11．(2011·北京)________ volleyball is her main focus, she's also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once
C. Unless D. While12．(2011·陕西)________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While
C. If D. As13．(2011·全国Ⅱ)It was a nice meal, ________ a little expensive.
A．though B．whether
C．as D．since14．(2011·四川)Frank insisted that he was not asleep ________ I had great difficulty in waking him up.
A．whether B．although
C．for D．so15．(2011·重庆)To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ________ we are to shake hands with.
A．whichever B．whenever
C．whoever D．wherever16．(2011·山东)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if B. if only
C. in case D. so that17．(2011·辽宁)He had no sooner finished his speech ______the students started cheering.
A．since B．as
C．when D．than18．(北京重点中学模拟)________ we admit that there are still some problems about NMET, we don't mean that it is of no use.
A．Until B．While
C．As D．Unless19．(江苏启东模拟)________，but the idea of having to work more than ten hours a day without weekends discouraged me.
A．Wanting to be a teacher
B．Although I wanted to be a teacher
C．I had wanted to be a teacher
D．To want to be a teacher20．(浙江余姚中学质检)—Did you wait for him long?
—No, I hadn't waited long ________ he appeared.
A．unless B．until
C．before D．since21．(福州八中质检)Give me one more minute ________ I'll be able to finish it.
A．and B．or
C．if D．so22．(浙江五校联考)There he was, standing exactly ________ I had left him, smiling proudly.
A．when B．that
C．in which D．where23．(湖南师大附中一模)You can't win the game ____ ____ you never practice during this period.
A．when B．as
C．while D．once24．(浙江宁波十校联考)Usually an adult can grow about 1.7 metres tall, ________ a few may grow as short as 1.3 metres.
A．while B．or
C．for D．so25．(蚌埠二中质检)________ I was on a train and a Chinese university lecturer told me a story about his sister and brother-in-law.
A．When B．While
C．As D ．Once课件157张PPT。专项语法突破(十三) 特殊句式一、考点分布
高考特殊句式考点统计表(2)主谓一致主要考查
①并列主语的主谓一致
②数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
③从句中的主谓一致
(3)祈使句主要考查
①根据句式特点判断是祈使句还是状语成分
②祈使句＋and/or＋结构分句(4)感叹句主要考查
①what与how引导的感叹句的区别
②感叹句的语序(2)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the way等，置于句首。如：
Out rushed the children.
孩子们冲了出去。
South of the river lies a small factory.
一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。In a lecture hall of a univeristy in England sits a professor.
在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。
(3)such置于句首时。如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦，一个简单的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。Such are the facts, no one can deny them.
这就是事实，没有人能否认他们。
此句型中的such多被认为是表语。所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有：2．部分倒装 Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。②only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装。如：
Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(×)
Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (√)
③only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。如：
Only can he answer the question. (×)
Only he can answer the question. (√)(2)not only...but also引导并列分句，且not only放于句首时，not only引导的句子倒装，but (also)句子不倒装。。如：
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要的人提供医疗。Never before have I seen such a moving film.
以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。
Not a single mistake did he make.
他一个错误也没犯。
Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.
在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。(4)so/such...that..句型，so/such放于句首时。如：
In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door.
他离开办公室时太匆忙了，结果忘了锁门。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语如此清晰目的是能被听懂。—I was afraid. (句中的I指的是说话者A)
—So was I. (I指的是B，此句意为：I was afraid, too.)
—I was afraid. (I指的是A)
—So you were. (you指的也是A。此句意为：Indeed you were afraid.)再比较几个句子：
He came last night, and so did I.
他昨晚来了，我也来了。
—It is hot.——天很热。
—So it is.——的确如此。
—He is lazy. ——他很懒。
—So is she. ——她也一样。(7)．.., neither (或nor)＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语，……也不这样。如：
Lily can't ride, neither/nor can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。①感叹句
What an interesting talk they had!
他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀！
How interesting their talk is!
他们的谈话多么有趣！b．此句型中的第一个the more引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句；第二个the more引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句的意思实质上就是：If you work harder, you will make greater progress.③whatever, however＋adj./adv. 引导让步状语从句
Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
无论你有什么理由，你都应当履行诺言。
However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.
无论这个问题有多难，今晚我们必须解决。Strange as/though it seems, it is true.
尽管这事看上去奇怪，却是真的。
Exhausted as/though she was, she wasn't able to sleep.
尽管她精疲力竭，但还是睡不着觉。②谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might, he didn't pass the exam.
尽管他努力了，但考试还是不及格。
Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.
尽管他们在房子里到处寻找，但他们找不到任何东西。③状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it.
他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.
虽然我努力学习了，但赶不上他们。It was him that/whom we met at the school gate.(宾语)
我们在学校门口见到的就是他。
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(状语)(2)其一般疑问句只需把is/was提前，即Is/Was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。如：
It is Professor Wang who teaches you English?
教你们英语的是王教授吗？
Was it during the Anti-Japanese War that he died?
他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？(3)它的特殊疑问句为：疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？如：
Who was it that broke the window?
打破窗户的是谁？
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？
What is it that you want me to do?
你要我干什么？(4)not...until...句型的强调句
其强调句式为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。如：
He didn't go to bed until ten o'clock.
→It was not until ten o'clock that he went to bed.
直到10点他才上床休息。I didn't realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。(5)强调句中的it与代词it
可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把it is/was和that去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。如：
It is there that accidents often happen.
→Accidents often happen there.
在那儿经常发生事故。以上就是强调句型，被强调成分是状语，把It is和that去掉，可还原成原来的非强调句。
It is clear that not all boys like football.
很显然并非所有男孩都喜欢足球。
去掉It is和that句子成了：Clear not all boys like football.
很显然这不是一个完整的句子，因此不是强调句型，而是由it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。(6)强调句型It is/was...that...；It is/was＋时间＋when/ before从句；It is＋时间＋since从句
①强调句型与It is/was＋时间＋when/before从句
在It is/was＋时间＋when/before从句中，it指时间，when/before引导的时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。如：It was at midnight that he got home yesterday.
昨天午夜他回到了家里。
It was midnight when he got home yesterday.
昨天他回到家里时，已经是午夜了。
第一句是强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；而第二句是一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，用来作表语。第一句为强调句型，强调的是过去的事情，用一般过去时；而第二句表示“从过去到现在已有多长时间”，用一般现在时。但强调句型同样可以用一般现在时。如：
It is two hours that he spends on English every day.
每天他花在英语上的时间为两小时。(2)不管主句否定，还是附加问句否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You aren't a teacher, are you？或You are a teacher, aren't you？时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes, I am.否则，回答No，I am not.。(2)四种情况下的反意疑问句
①陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句。其反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。如：
You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn't/didn't you?
你过去经常开着窗子睡觉，是吗？②陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句。其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。如：
He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn't/shouldn't he?
你应该参加这场演讲，是不是？③否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句。当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：
He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?
没有拐杖他没法走路，是吗？④如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如：
Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesn't he?
汤姆不喜欢打网球，是吗？
It's unfair, isn't it?
这不公平，是不是？(3)附加疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况(4)祈使句的反意疑问句
当陈述句部分是祈使句时，反意疑问句的助动词不用do。
共有三种情况：①祈使句后面的附加疑问句一般用will you或won't you.如：
Come in and sit down, won't you?
进来坐下，好吗？
Give me a hand, will you?
帮我个忙，行吗？
②以Let's开头的祈使句，后面的附加疑问句要用shall we；而以Let us或以Let me开头的祈使句，其后的附加疑问句应用will you。如：
Let's try another way, shall we?
我们尝试另一个办法，如吗？
Let us have a go, will you?
让我们试一试，好吗？③若陈述句部分是否定的祈使句，附加疑问句除了用will you外，也可用can you。此时附加疑问必须为肯定形式。Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
他原来是教师，现在在政府办公室工作。(连词＋名词)
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。(连词＋形容词)
He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something.
他到处打量好像在寻找什么东西。(连词＋介词短语)While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我正在沿着大街走时，听见有人叫我的名字。(连词＋现在分词)
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
展览比期望的更有趣。(连词＋过去分词)
He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak.
他张了张嘴好像要说话。(连词＋不定式)②当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。如：
Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
除非有必要，否则你最好不要查字典。另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用if＋so/not省略句式。如：
He may not be at home then. If so (If he is not at home), leave him a note.
那时他可能不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留个便条。Get up early tomrrow. If not (If you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
明天早晨要早起床。如果不早起，你就会错过第一班公交车。
(2)不定式的省略
①单独使用不定式符号to。如：
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.
我请他看电影，但是他不想去。
I didn't want to there, but I had to.
我不想去那里，但不得不去。②否定形式的省略用not to。如：
If you think reading is not right, I prefer not to.
如果你认为读书不对，那么我愿意不读。③如果不定式中含有be, have, 或have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：
—Are you a worker?
你是工人吗？
—No, but I used to be.
我不是，但我曾经是。—He hasn't finished yet.
他还没做完呢。
—Well, he ought to have.
哦，他应该完成了。
(3)其他省略的情况
①as...as possible结构。这个结构常常表达“尽可能……”。如：
I drove as slowly as possible in the heavy traffic.
在交通拥挤时我尽可能慢地开车。②What if句式。这一结构用来表达“要是/即使……怎么办/怎么样”。如：
What if this plan of yours fails?
如果你们的计划失败了怎么办？
③What/How about句式。What/How about常用来提出建议或征求对方意见。如：
What about going to the novies this weekend?
这个周末去看电影怎么样？④Why/Why not句式。Why/Why not常跟动词原形，用来询问为什么或为什么不，有时含有强烈建议的意味。如：
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?
为什么不去向老师寻求帮助呢？Please don't forget to take your medicine.
请不要忘了吃药。(否定式)
Do come on time this evening.
今晚务必准时到。(强调式)
Do be careful!
千万要小心！(强调式)(2)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝if...，＋主句
祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝if...not...，＋主句
如：
Work hard and you will succeed. (＝If you work hard, you will succeed.)
努力工作，你就会成功。Hurry up or we will be late. (＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.)
快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。
One more minute and I will finish it. (＝If you give me one more minute, I will finish it.)
再待一分钟我就完成了。(2)省略形式的感叹句
①how直接修饰谓语动词：How＋主语＋谓语！
How (much) we love our motherland!
我们是多么热爱我们的祖国呀！
②省略主语和谓语
What an interesting book (it is)!
多有趣的一本书呀！
How wonderful (it is)!
真棒！(3)其他形式的感叹句
How can you be so silly!
你怎么这么傻！
The design and the colours!
多美的图案和色彩！
To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!
竟然把这样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁！There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.
教室前有棵高大的树。
There will be a meeting at the conference room at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning.
明天上午8点在会议室有一个会议。(2)如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be要采用就接近一致原则。
There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk.
桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书还有许多铅笔。(3)there be结构有不同时态的形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There was a meeting in our school yesterday.
昨天我们学校召开了一次会议。
There will be a new film on Sunday.
星期日将上映一部新电影。There have been many great changes in our village since then.
自从那时到现在，我们村发生了很大变化
There can't be any mistakes in his passage.
他的文章里不可能有错误。(4)there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。
There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.
他的电脑可能有毛病。
Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.
从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。(5)there be句型的非谓语形式。
There being no enough time left, we have to hurry.
(＝Because there is no enough time left...)
时间不多了，我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语)
There having been no water for two days, the travelers were all very thirsty. (＝Because there had been no water for two days...)
已经停水两天了，这些游客们都口渴得厉害。(独立主格结构作状语)What is the chance of there being an election this years?
今年举行选举的可能性有多大？(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语)
I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.
我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。(there be结构不定式形式作expect的复合宾语)It is natural there to be a generation gap between the parents and their children.
父母与孩子们之间存在代沟是很自然的事情。(there be的不定式结构作真正主语)典题示例
Could it be in the restaurant ________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you lost your handbag?
A．that; which B ．which; that
C．where; that D．that; where方法二：公式套用法
在有关倒装结构的知识点中，我们可以把There comes the bus与Here you are作为公式，然后推广记忆出“表示地点、方位的副词或介词短语位于句首要全倒装，而且代词作主语不倒装”这一知识点。并把它应用到做题中。典题示例
In front of the farmhouse ________.
A．lay a peasant boy
B．laid a peasant boy
C．lie a peasant boy
D．did a peasant boy lie方法三：还原法
在省略结构中，有些同学难以分辨哪一个是正确的选项，这时最好的办法就是补充到原来的句式结构。典题示例
Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember ________.
A．where B．there
C．which D．that1．(2011·新课标全国)Only when he reached the tea-house ________ it was the same place he'd been in last year.
A．he realized
B．he did realize
C．realized he
D．did he realize2．(2011·福建)—It's nice.Never before ______such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it.
A．I have had B．I had
C．have I had D．had I3．(2011·陕西)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do________benefits our work most.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what4．(2011·四川)Was it on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A．where B．that
C．which D．what5．(2011·重庆)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course, I have. It was in our village ________ it was made.
A．that B．where
C．when D．which6．(2011·重庆)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ________？
A．could he B．didn't I
C．didn't you D．could they7．(2011·辽宁)______a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A．Which B．What
C．How D．Whether8．(北京五中模拟) So ________ that all the living things are dying out gradually.
A．serious polluted the lake is
B．serious polluted is the lake
C．seriously polluted the lake is
D．seriously polluted is the lake9．(天津南开模拟)We have to admit that never in the past ten years ________ so greatly as today.
A．did the city change
B．the city has changed
C．has the city changed
D．the city had changed10．(山东临沂一模)Only when ________ to explain ________ the reason for this.
A．did he start; she realized
B．he started; did she realize
C．did he start; she had realized
D．he started; had she realized答案：B 句意：只有当他开始解释时她才明白这件事的原因。only修饰状语位于句首时主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装，所以A、C两项可以排除。started to explain这一动作要早于realize这一动作，所以D项可以排除，只有B项正确。11．(海南琼海一模)—How was the televised debate last night?
—Super! Rarely ________ so much media attention.
A．did a debate attract
B．a debate attracted
C．a debate did attract
D．attracted a debate12．(长沙四县一模)—I'd like to play football with you, but I have an important thing to attend to.
—If you don't go, ________.
A．neither do I B．so will I
C．nor will I D．so do I13．(北京重点中学模拟)________， I'll wait for you to have dinner together. Be back as early as possible.
A．However late it is
B．No matter how it is late
C．However it is late
D．No matter how late is it14．(江苏东台模拟)Not a single word ________ when ________ about his stepmother.
A．he said; asked
B．did he say; asked
C．he said; asking
D．did he say; asking15．(长春外国语学校模拟)It was ________ back home after he finished the report.
A．not until midnight did he go
B．until midnight that he didn't go
C．not until midnight that he went
D．until midnight when he didn't go16．(北京五中模拟)He dressed up and went to the party as if ________.
A．was invited
B．had been invited
C．invited
D．to be invited17．(江西六校二模)—Did anybody sign your petition?
—Yes. We had a hundred signatures, ________.
A．if no more B．if not more
C．if moreover D．if not larger18．(浙江五校联考)That was a very busy street that I was never allowed to cross ________ accompanied by an adult.
A．when B．if
C．unless D．where19．(合肥二模)Mary enjoys homemade food, so she seldom, ________ eats out.
A．if never B．if any
C．if not D．if ever20．(哈尔滨六中一模)________ else in the world ______ in London can you experience 4 seasons in a single day.
A．Everywhere; rather than
B．Everywhere; other than
C．Nowhere; rather than
D．Nowhere; other than21．(浙江六校一模)It is the discovery of Cao Cao's tomb, ________ was made in Anyang, Henan Province, ________ has received widespread attention.
A．where; which B．where; that
C．that; which D．which; that22．(山西师大附中一模)He had little idea that it was getting so late, ________？
A．didn't he B．wasn't it
C．did he D．was it23．(哈尔滨九中三模)Only by shouting at the top of his voice ________.
A．was he able to make himself hear
B．he was able to make himself hear
C．was he able to make himself heard
D．he was able to make himself heard24．(陕西西安阎良区第二次综合训练)He's succeeded in many fields but his wife is an ordinary woman, ________？
A．is she B．isn't she
C．doesn't he D．hasn't he25．(哈尔滨六中二模)—He should have been warned of the danger.
—________， but he wouldn't listen to me.
A．Yes, he shouldn't
B．So he should
C．So was he
D．So he was课件161张PPT。专项语法突破(十四) 情景交际课件129张PPT。专项语法突破(一) 时态和语态课件115张PPT。专项语法突破(二) 动词与动词短语课件119张PPT。专项语法突破(三) 非谓语动词课件83张PPT。专项语法突破(四) 冠词 课件127张PPT。专项突破(五) 名词和代词 课件96张PPT。专项语法突破(六) 形容词和副词课件64张PPT。专项语法突破(七) 介词和介词短语课件78张PPT。专项语法突破(八) 数词与主谓一致课件176张PPT。专项语法突破(九)
情态动词与虚拟语气
