2022届高考英语复习主谓一致&状语从句课件（30张PPT）

(共30张PPT)
主谓一致
&
状语从句
主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，叫主谓一致。大致可归为三个原则，即语法一致，意义一致和就近一致。
(一) 语法一致原则 (谓语动词的数和主语在单，复数形式上保持一致)
1.主语是一个单数名词，一个不可数名词，一个动名词短语，一个不定式短语或一个从句时，谓语动词多用单数形式；主语是复数名词，两个或两个以上动名词短语，不定式短语或从句时，谓语动词多用复数形式。
1)To see is to believe. 2) Seeing is believing.
3) When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet.
4) Many Chinese athletes are training hard for the next Olympics.
5) What he said is very important for us all.
2. 后接介词短词等的主语.
主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, like, but, except, including, in addition to, such as等，谓语单复数就前一致。
1) The students together with their teacher are going to have a picnic this weekend.
2) Sunshine besides water and air is necessary for plants.
3) The girl like many others is fond of fashion.
3. 不定代词作主语. 主语为 one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody,everybody,nobody, someone, anyone,everyone, no one, something, anything,everything, nothing 等不定代词时，谓语动词用单数。
Neither of them shows great interest in extra-curricular activities.
Everything around us is matter.
[注意]
each 作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关。They each have a bike.
4.复数形式的名词作主语。
主语为glasses, shorts, shoes, gloves, scissors, trousers等复数名词时，谓语用复数。
主语前若有''pair/ kind/ type...+of ''时，谓语动词的数一般与pair, kind, type等的数一致。
1) The trousers are all right. Now please try on the shirt.
2) A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.
5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
1) He is one of my friends who are working hard.
2)He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
二,意义一致原则
谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。
1. -s结尾的名词作主语。
主语是maths, physics, polics等名词时，谓语动词用单数形式
Is physics difficult to learn
2. '分数词+of 短语' 作主语
主语是“分数词+of +n”时，由of 后的名词来确定谓语动词的单复数。名词为不可数名词或可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数；名词为可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。
1) 80% e-mails on the Internet are in English.
2) About two thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by the seas.
3. 名词+and +名词结构作主语.
并列主语“名词+and +名词”结构表示同一个人，同一件事或同一种概念，谓语动词用单数。
1) Bread and milk is healthy food.
2) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只学习不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。
4. “each/ every +单数名词+and+单数名词”等结构作主语
1) Every action and movement in Beijing Opera is important.
2) Each boy and each girl has a beautiful dream.
5. “a quantity of +名词”与”quantities of +名词”作主语
1) A large quantity of milk was reported not to read the standard.
2) Large quantities of milk were reported not to read the standard.
3) Quantities of nuts are on the table.(+可数名词复数，谓语动词一定是复数)
an amount of / amounts of+ 名词(一般为不可数名词)作主语时，谓语动词由amount 来决定。
1)Large amounts of water were delivered here by truck.
2)A large amount of water was delivered here by truck.
a number of “许多”，作定语修饰可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数; the number of“...数量”，谓语动词用单数
The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
6.表示时间，距离，重量，金额等复数名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
7.“the +形容词”作主语时，表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数。表示不可数的事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。
1)The old are taken good care of here.
2) The beautiful gives pleasure to all.
三, 就近一致原则
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1.由并列结构或连词(either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also, or等)连接的并列主语，谓语动词就近一致。
1)Either you or I am mad.
2)Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.
3)Neither Tom nor his parents are at home.
2. there be 结构中，谓语动词单复数与be 动词后面
的第一个主语保持一致。
There was a student and two teachers in the room.
There were two teachers and a student in the room.
3. more than one(不止一个) + 单数名词；
many a (很多)+单数名词；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
1) More than one worker has been fired.
2) Many a student has failed in the exam.
高考链接：
1.(2018 浙江卷) Everyone who_____(want) to become a taxi driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi.
2. (2018 江苏卷) When classical, rather than pop music ____(be) playing, diners spent more.
3.(2018 全国卷) The good news____(be) that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
4.(2019 山东一模) As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There ___(be) several reasons.
5.(2019 长春质检) We need some foreign policies that____ (be) more flexible than this one.
6.(2019 安徽模拟) Either my teacher or our headmaster____(be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students in the meeting hall.
答案：
1. wants
2. was
3. is
4. are
5. are
6. is
状语从句
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等. 它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词),定语或状语，或是整个句子.具体分类及其用法如下：
1.时间状语从句
1)when/ while
When my father came back home, my mother told him what had happened.
When/ While they were talking, the bell rang.
2)till/until(直到); not... until(直到...才)
I picked first all the people who usually were left till last.
You may stay here until school is over.
He didn't go to bed until his wife came back.
3) before/ since
before 在...之前，还未...就；趁...; 还没来得及就
Check your report carefully before you hand it in.
It will(not)be+一段时间+before...(没有)过...时间才...
It will be two years before he leaves the country.
再过两年他才会离开这个国家。
It was not long before 不久...就...
It wasn't long before he realized his mistakes.
不久他就意识到了他的错误。
It was+时间段+before...过了...(时间)才...
It wasn't two years before he left the country.
不到两年他就离开了这个国家.
since 自从...以来
It is/ has been+一段时间+since...（从句用一般过去时）
It is/ has been ten years since I came here.
自从来这里已经有十年了。
4).“一...就”
(1) as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant,immediately, directly,instantly等。
As soon as I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.
一听到这声音，我就知道是父亲来了。
(2) hardly/ scarcely...when; no sooner... than...主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时；当 hardly，scarcely, no sooner 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装.
She had no sooner said it than she burst into tears.
=No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.
Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.
5)引导其它时间状语从句的其它常见连词（短语）every time, each time, last time, the first time, any time, by the time等.
Every/ Each time I saw him, I found him to be taller.
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
由by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时，by the time 引导的时间状语从句用过去时，主句用过去完成时。
They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.
By the time you come back, we will have finished the job.
2. 原因状语从句
常见的引导连词because, since, as等。
She's got the job because she has the advantage of knowing many languages.
Since we have no money, we can't buy it.
因为没有钱，我们没有办法买下它。
As he wasn't there, we left a message.
因为他不在那里，我们就留下了一张便条。
3.地点状语从句。通常由连词where, wherever引导。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。
You can put the book wherever you like.
4.条件状语从句。常由if, unless, as long as, on condition that 等连词或短语引导。如：
(1) I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money.
(2) I am happy as long as you are happy.
(3) Unless we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.
(4) I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it secret.
(5) If (it is) necessary, ring me at home.
You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave.
你应待在你现在的地方不动，除非让你离开。
5. 让步状语从句
(1) although, though, as 译为”虽然，尽管”的用法。
1)Although the sun is shining, it isn't very warm.
2)Hard though it is(=Though it is hard), the goverment is determined to build up the waste land.
3) Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Young as he is, he is very skilled.
Try as he might, he still couldn't open the door.
Much as he likes it, he can't afford it.
(2) even if / though 即使，纵然
He will come on time even if/ though it rains.
(3) wh-+ever 相当于no matter wh-, 引导让步状语从句.
Whatever happened(=No matter what happened), he would not mind.
(4) While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生们，可是他对他们很严格。
6. 目的状语从句。
由连词so that, in order that等引导，谓语常含有may, might, can, could, would, will等情态动词。
You' better exercise at least three times a week so that you can keep fit.
He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.
7.结果状语从句。
由连词so...that..., such...that..., so that等引导.
He was careless in the exam so that he failed it.
It is so fine a day that I want to go out for a walk.
= it is such a fine day that I want to go out for a walk.
=It is such fine weather that I want to go out for a walk.
= The weather is so fine that I want to go out for a walk.
[助记]
名前such, 形副so, 多多少少也用so.
little 一词特殊记，“小”为such, “少”为so.
8. 方式状语从句。
常由as, as if/ though等引导。
(1) You must do the work as you are told. 正如，按照
(2) He walks as if he were a girl.
He talked about America as if he had been there before.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
as if/ though 引导的状语从句谓语可用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；也可用陈述语气，表示所说的情况是事实或是实现的可能性比较大。
(3) as if/ though 从句主语和主句主语一致，可省略主语和be 动词，保留分词，不定式或名词短语。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
9.比较状语从句。
(1)It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为，教学既是一门科学也是一门艺术。
(2) The people in my hometown are more friendly than those in my city.
我家乡的人们比我所在城市的人们更友好。
(3) He is taller than any other student in his class.
他比他班里任何一个同学都高。
[高考链接]：
1. I was so impressed by a music boy who was from the country._______ he was very young,he loved to sing while doing the farm work.
2. I was ____touched that I coudn't sleep the while night.
3. One day, I was skiing down a mountain _____ I saw a girl aged about 15 who had fallen.
4. _______we persist in this practice, gradually we will learn how to express ourselves in English.
5. _______ the doctor has warned him of the side effects of the medicine, he still takes it every day.
6.— Darling, hand me the new suit. My coat may be a little casual for the lecture.
— Why bother I think you can go _____ you are.
答案：
1. When/ While
2. so
3. when
4. If
5. Though/ Although
6. as
Thank you!