2022届高考英语二轮复习专题数词（34张PPT）

(共34张PPT)
考点解读
牛刀小试
专题 数词
It takes three generations to make a gentleman.
十年树木,百年树人。
一、数词的定义和分类
二、 数词的句法功能（通用）
三、基数词
四、★序数词
五、分数、小数、★百分数
六、★约数、倍数的表达
学习目标：
四、序数词
数字 序数 数字 序数
0 - 9 ninth
1 first 10 tenth
2 second 11 eleventh
3 third 12 twelfth
4 fourth 21 twenty-first
5 fifth 32 thirty-second
6 sixth 100 one hundredth
7 seventh 201 two hundred and first
8 eighth 1000 one thousandth
1.序数词的写法
（1）1-19各基数词尾加“th”即成序数
特殊： first，second，third，fifth， eighth，ninth，twelfth
（2）20，30，…90各十位基数词尾“y”改成“ieth”即成序数
（3）21以后的多位数序数，是将最后一个数字用序数，前
面的各数字用基数
21→twenty-first 101→one hundred and first
四、序数词
2.序数词的缩写
first=1st eleventh=11th twenty-first=21st
second=2nd twelfth=12th twenty-second=22nd
third=3rd thirteenth=13th twenty-third=23rd
fourth=4th fourteenth=14th twenty-fourth=24th
四、序数词
1. 做形容词
January is the first month of the year.
一月是一年的第一个月。
四、序数词—用法
2. 做名词
I'm the first in my family to go to university.
我是我们家第一个大学生.。
四、序数词—用法
3. 做副词
I'll never allow you to do that; I'll die first!
我绝不允许你做那种事,我宁愿死!
first与firstly两者在语法上只有一点区别，就是使用范围不同：
1、first的使用范围较大，可以作名词、形容词和副词，有时还可以代替firstly使用。
2、而firstly的运用范围较小，只能作副词，用于列举事实或理由的场合。
Firstly, state sovereignty is inseparable.第一，国家主权不可分割。
四、序数词—用法
first与firstly区别？
4. 表示日期
5月8 日： the eighth of May
the 8th of May
May the eighth
May 8th
四、序数词—用法
5. 表示帝王、女王“第几世”
Queen Elizabeth II = Queen Elizabeth the second
伊丽莎白二世
四、序数词—用法
6.序数词前一般用定冠词，但是有时候也用a/an，其含义为“又一次（个）”
I lost the first two games but I managed to win the third game.
前两盘我输了，但是第三盘我赢了。
I lost the first two games but I want to try a third game.
前两盘我输了，但是我想再试一盘。
四、序数词—用法
四、序数词—惯用语
Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。
Don’ t give it a second thought. 不要再想它了。（= again）
She wants a second pair of shoes. 她要另一双鞋子。（= another）
These are all firsts. 这些都是一等品
These bowls are seconds. 这些碗都是次品。
A lot of the paper’s stories were firsts. 这家报纸的许多报道都是首次见报的新闻。
四、序数词—惯用语
Business first and pleasure afterwards. 先做事，后娱乐。
On second thought (s), he decided to give up the job.
再三考虑后他决定放弃那份工作。
She is second to none in spoken English. 她的英语口语不比任何人差。
He liked English from the first. 他从一开始就喜欢英语。
四、序数词—惯用语
He is third best student in class. 他在班上名列第三。（序数词十最高级）
The first three chapters are well- written. 头三章写得好。（序数词十基数词）
四、序数词—惯用语
First come, first served. 先到者优先得。I have known her, first and last, for twenty years. 我认识她总共有20年了。
四、序数词—惯用语
牛刀小试
I wonder if I can ask him__ time.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth
〖答案〗D
〖解析〗 序数词前面加不定冠词表示“又一次” 。
It was in 1939 that __broke out.
A. World War Second B. the World War Second　
C. Second World War D. World War II
牛刀小试
〖答案〗D
〖解析〗 序数词和名词共同构成的专有名词还可以是the Second World
War的形式。
五、分数、小数和百分数
（1）分数
分数词由基数词和序数词构成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，作分母的序数词要用复数形式。表示分数时，基数词与序数词之间可加连字符，也可不加。
one-sixth five-sixths three and five-sixths
★记忆锦囊：子基母序，分子大于1，分母加s。
★特殊表达重点记：
a/one half two and a/one half
a quarter three quarters
五、分数、小数和百分数
（2）小数
小数的读法：小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法相同，小数点后则将数字一一读出即可。
1.25读作：one point two five
345.456 读作：three four five point four five six 或读作：three hundred and forty-five point four five six
★小数中“0”的读法，“0”在小数中通常读作naught（英）或zero（美），也可读作字母o。
0.65读作：（naught）（或者zero） point six five
0.007读作：（naught）point naught naught seven （美国用zero）（1）小数的用法。
五、分数、小数和百分数
（3）百分数
百分数用“基数词小数+ percent”表示
3%读作 three percent
0.3%读作 (naught) point three percent
300%读作 three hundred percent
六、★约数、倍数的表达
约数的表达 含义 英语表达 例句
大约（某数） nearly She is nearly fifty now.
almost It’s almost three o’clock.
up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.
or He spent four or five days writing the article.
or so The distance is twenty miles or so.
about I visited that village about three years ago.
some Their team has some four or five players.
more or less The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.
六、 ★约数、倍数的表达
约数的表达 含义 英语表达 例句
大于某数 more than She has lived here for more than five years.
over She is over sixty.
or more There’re thirty people or more in the classroom.
小于某数 less than I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.
under Children under seven are not allowed to enter.
below He would not sell it for below two hundred fifty dollars.
or less The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
六、约数、倍数的表达
（1）倍数+ as many/much/形容词或副词原形+ as
We have produced six times as many masks as we did last year.
Asia is four times as large as Europe．
This big stone is three times as heavy as that one．
The plane flew ten times as high as the kite．
亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。（大三倍）
这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。（这块石头比那块重二倍）
那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍）
我们生产的口罩是去年的六倍之多。
六、约数、倍数的表达
（2）倍数+the size of...
常见的用法与size相同的名词
width宽度 height高度 depth深度
weight重量 age年 length长度
This street is four times the length of that street．
This hill is four times the height of that small one．
这条街是那条街的四倍长。（比那条街道长三倍）
这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山高三倍）。
六、约数、倍数的表达
（3）倍数+what从句
The length of Zhanqiao Pier is twice/double what it was first built.
栈桥的长度是最初建成时的两倍长。
五、分数、小数和百分数
（4）倍数+比较级+than
This park is five times bigger than that one.
This rope is twice longer than that one．
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom．
The car runs twice faster than that truck．
这个公园是那个的六倍。这个公园比那个大五倍。
这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。（比那根绳长二倍）
这个大厅是我们教室的六倍。（比我们的教室大五倍）
这辆小车的速度是那辆卡车的三倍。（比那辆卡车快两倍）
五、分数、小数和百分数
（5）比较级+than+by+倍数程度 表示增加了多少倍
The park is bigger than that one by twice.

这个公园是那个公园的两倍大。
★记忆锦囊：表示倍数时，一倍用once，两倍用 twice/ double，三倍以上用基数词+ times。
This box is ______that one. (山东省2016.46)
A. twice as heavy as B. as twice heavy as
C. twice heavy than D. as heavy as twice
〖答案〗 A
〖解析〗 英文倍数的表达方式为：几倍（或分数）+as+形容词+as被比较对象。
牛刀小试
The earth is nearly__ the moon.
A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of
C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of
〖答案〗B
〖解析〗 结构 倍数+twice the height(depth，width，weight，etc．)of
牛刀小试
翻译：新图书馆比以前的大两倍。（新图书馆是以前的三倍大。）
译文1：The new library is three times as large as the old one.
牛刀小试
译文2： The new library is twice larger than the old one.
一、数词的定义和分类
二、 数词的句法功能（通用）
三、基数词
四、★序数词
五、分数、小数、★百分数
六、★约数、倍数的表达
小结：
Four eyes see more than two.
集思广益.
温
示
提
馨
本节结束，谢谢观看!