外研版（2019）必修第二册Unit 5 On the Road 同步练习（含原卷和解析版）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修第二册Unit 5 On the Road 同步练习（含原卷和解析版） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-17 10:46:55 | ||
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必修 第二册 Unit 5 同步练习
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Translation As A Career
The Open University has 50 years' experience of delivering flexible learning and 170，000 students are studying with us right now.This free and college level course, Translation As A Career, explores what being a professional translator is like.You can start the course anytime and anywhere if you have access to the Internet.
During the course you will meet professional translators discussing their works, such as the translation of a foreign novel, and reflect on what they say.You will find out how translators maintain their language skills.You will also engage in a short translation activity which benefits you in the translation qualification exam.
Part One — the four sections of the course
* Translation as a profession: this section provides an overview of the skills and knowledge needed to be a translator and what is meant by translation competence (能力).
* A day in the life of a translator: in this section, some translators will tell you about their works and about giving back.
* Your language skills: in spite of working daily with their languages, translators usually devote some time during their week to keeping up their language skills; in this section, you are going to find out more about how to improve your language skills.
* Translation theory and practice: explore the notion of equivalence (对等概念) by volunteering in a short translation activity.
Part Two
After studying this course, you should be able to：
* Understand the skills required to become a professional translator and what is meant by translation competence.
* Have an awareness of what it means to be a professional translator.
* Undertake an independent research activity.
* Evaluate personal language skills.
* Undertake a translation activity.
1．What do we know about the course
A．It is targeted at high school students.
B．It focuses on English speech skills.
C．It has many foreign teachers.
D．It is an online course.
2．In which section can you learn about the basic requirements for a translator
A．Translation as a profession.
B．A day in the life of a translator.
C．Your language skills.
D．Translation theory and practice.
3．What does Part Two mainly focus on
A．Suggestions on improving language skills.
B．The branches of the Open University.
C．The learning outcomes of the course.
D．Requirements for taking the course.
B
Our conservative college didn't allow televisions in our dorms, so every weekend, my roommate Gayle and I would choose to pick up needles, thread and canvas (画布).Eventually we'd get back to our dorm late, physically tired but mentally excited and relaxed.
So, it's not surprising to me that recent studies are finding that complex crafting(手工) is good for mental health.It tallys with my own experience.I found out that the repetitive mindfulness of knitting, for example, is similar to meditation(冥想).When 3，545 knitters were surveyed online by Betsan Corkhill, a knitting therapist, more than half of those who responded said they felt “very happy” after knitting.Many of them did it specifically for relaxation and stress relief.Those who knitted more frequently reported more mental and emotional relief than those who did it less frequently.
A 2017 review conducted by the charity Knit for Peace analyzed several studies about knitting.“There is a large amount of research showing that knitting slows the process of dementia, fights against depression and distracts attention from pain，” the review stated.“It is an activity that can be continued into extreme old age.It is also a sociable activity that helps overcome loneliness and a skill that can continue when sight and strength are weakening.”
Neuroscientists find that activities like cooking, drawing, cake decorating, photography, art, and even doing crossword puzzles are beneficial, according to Time.One thought is that when we're being creative, our brains release dopamine(多巴胺), a natural antidepressant.Creativity that takes concentration is a non medicinal way of getting a feel good high.
When I think back to different times in my life, I realize whenever I was cross stitching, making creative photo albums of my boys, or doing other similar things, those activities had a positive effect on my outlook.Why not stop focusing too much on work and take some non medicinal and feel good highs instead through these kinds of crafting activities There's no doubt you will reap happiness.
4．The author took up crafting in college to ．
A．gain some pleasure
B．avoid watching TV
C．get physical exercises
D．prepare gifts for roommates
5．What does the underlined part “tallys with” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Is based on. B．Differs from.
C．Coincides with. D．Is restricted to.
6．What's the 2017 review mainly about
A．Benefits of knitting.
B．Skills required for knitting.
C．Proper ages suitable for knitting.
D．Ways of promoting knitting in community.
7．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Introduce her favourite leisure activities.
B．Persuade people to be more devoted to work.
C．Show the trick of making creative photo albums.
D．Encourage people to engage in crafting activities.
C
With economy and population growing fast, an industrial revolution is impossible to avoid on the African continent.But what's going to power it With renewable energy cheaper and more efficient than ever, countries in Africa have the unique opportunity to employ abundant renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal energy to advance beyond the dependence on fossil fuels.
Researchers from Harvard University and the University of Leicester did a new research recently.They focused on air pollution from power plants and transportation, as many African countries are working to add fossil fuels to power plants and vehicle infrastructure (基础设施).South Africa, for example, is putting the largest dry cooled coal fired power plant in the world into use.Namibia, Ghana and Mozambique are all turning to offshore power plants — known as powerships — that run on the dirty remains from crude oil refining (原油精炼).
The researchers calculated emissions (排放量) from all the current power plants on the continent as well as the projected emissions of all power plants proposed as of November 2017.They calculated vehicle emissions based on increases in population that they showed is strongly tied to vehicle usage.They then plugged all the information into the GEOS Chem global transport model, the open source pollution model developed and housed at Harvard.
The research found that continent wide, 13，000 people would die too early each year from exposure to vehicle emissions and 39，000 people would die from exposure to pollutants from power plants.Most of those deaths are in southern Africa, where most of the new power plants are being planned.Interestingly, some countries without any planned power plants also show high rates of death.Pollution from power plants in South Africa and Botswana, for example, travels as far as northern Angola because of winds and air circulation.
“This research shows the great health benefit of choosing clean energy sources in Africa，” said Eloise Marais, an Associate Professor at the University of Leicester.“If we can cut emissions in southern Africa, and South Africa specifically, it can have a far reaching impact on health，” said Marais.
8．What is the key point of African countries' industrial development according to Paragraph 1
A．Enough financial support.
B．Solutions to air pollution.
C．Alternative energy resources.
D．The control of population growth.
9．What do the countries mentioned in Paragraph 2 have in common
A．They rely increasingly on fossil fuels.
B．Their air pollution is relatively severer.
C．They pay much attention to industrial development.
D．Their vehicle infrastructure needs to be improved.
10．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The harmful effects brought by power plants and transportation.
B．The negative influence brought by winds and air circulation.
C．Why many people would die of air pollution in Africa.
D．Why there are no power plants in northern Angola.
11．What can be drawn from the study
A．Africa's energy crisis is expected to be solved.
B．It's necessary for Africa to consider changing energy sources.
C．Severer damage is avoided in some countries due to air circulation.
D．Some African countries have quitted building power plants because of pollution.
D
The loss of indigenous languages around the world is a growing concern.The Rosetta Project, which gathers a network of language experts and native speakers, has suggested that one language is being lost every three months and the trend that 92 percent of the world's languages are spoken by fewer than ten people each still continues.UNESCO, meanwhile, has previously suggested that a language is becoming extinct every two weeks.The situation is getting worse and worse and that's why the Rosetta Project is established.
David Crystal, a member of the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, has explained that language extinction occurs when the last person who speaks it dies.He states that while there is nothing unusual about a single language dying, we are witnessing language extinction on a large scale.This is due to the languages no longer being taught to emerging generations.In Crystal's words, this is an issue; those speaking a language are a living monument to what the community once was, which is a responsibility Crystal feels the next generation should carry.
The globalization of English has also played a key role in a language's extinction.About 360 million people are currently estimated to be considering English as their first language across almost 100 countries worldwide.Its use in many fields has aided this spread.Patricia Ryan, an English teacher, explains that while it is the undoubted global language, English does not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts (对应的物).
Campaigners such as those at the Rosetta Project are asking whether more languages should hold official status, such as Welsh.In Wales, both English and Welsh were made official languages in 1993 under the Welsh Language Act, the goal being for both tongues to carry the same importance and be widely used across the country — extinction prohibited by legislation (立法).UNESCO is hoping this kind of strategy will be just as successful on a much larger scale, stressing that avoiding indigenous language extinction will play a vital role in the sustainable development of the communities that speak them.
12．What is the chief goal of the Rosetta Project
A．To train language experts.
B．To protect indigenous people.
C．To urge UNESCO to take action.
D．To preserve endangered languages.
13．According to David Crystal, what is the cause of the worsening situation
A．Barriers in law.
B．The globalization of English.
C．Lack of language education.
D．The scale of language users.
14．What can be inferred from Patricia Ryan's words
A．More people will learn English.
B．We need a better global language.
C．English should be used worldwide.
D．Local languages have their irreplaceable value.
15．What would the author most probably talk about next
A．Other reasons for language extinction.
B．More examples of language protection.
C．The value of the Welsh language.
D．Key roles of languages in our life.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you love plants, you can decorate your corridor with indoor plants and flowers. 16 So, you can create a small garden at your cozy balcony to increase the freshness of your place.
Creating a hydroponic (水栽的) garden can be an exciting hobby.Traditional soil based farming can make the place dirty while this cultivation (栽培) process keeps the entire place clean and soil free. 17 Even in your bedroom or in the kitchen or washroom you can grow some attractive flowers and plants in this way.
Whatever the cultivation method you use, plants need some essential minerals to grow.Phosphorous (磷), copper, iron, zinc, manganese and calcium are some vital minerals plants absorb from the soil to grow and flourish.How can plants get all these minerals and other nutrients if
they are grown in no soil 18 These water soluble nutrients can support the growth of plants and plants even grow 50% faster hydroponically than they grow traditionally.
19 For example, nutrients that boost cucumber growth can not benefit tomatoes or cherry trees to grow in the same manner.When you buy hydroponic nutrients, first consider what type of plants you are going to sow in your plot.
Most of the indoor plants don't require sunlight.For cultivation where sunlight is a must, a hydroponic system is also a well fit.It is because you can use artificial lights as the source of daylight.These growing lights may cost a little more than ordinary lights. 20
A．To buy the suitable equipment, choose a reliable online store.
B．You need to take care of the young plants after you plant them.
C．Their colors will make you feel good and create a refreshing environment.
D．With the help of water and nutritive elements, plants can grow hydroponically.
E．Thus, you can choose any place to cultivate your favorite items hydroponically.
F．But services and functions they offer are limitless to help plants grow noticeably.
G．The type of nutritive supplements required by hydroponic plants varies from plant to plant.
必修 第二册 Unit 5 同步练习（解析版）
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Translation As A Career
The Open University has 50 years' experience of delivering flexible learning and 170，000 students are studying with us right now.This free and college level course, Translation As A Career, explores what being a professional translator is like.You can start the course anytime and anywhere if you have access to the Internet.
During the course you will meet professional translators discussing their works, such as the translation of a foreign novel, and reflect on what they say.You will find out how translators maintain their language skills.You will also engage in a short translation activity which benefits you in the translation qualification exam.
Part One — the four sections of the course
* Translation as a profession: this section provides an overview of the skills and knowledge needed to be a translator and what is meant by translation competence (能力).
* A day in the life of a translator: in this section, some translators will tell you about their works and about giving back.
* Your language skills: in spite of working daily with their languages, translators usually devote some time during their week to keeping up their language skills; in this section, you are going to find out more about how to improve your language skills.
* Translation theory and practice: explore the notion of equivalence (对等概念) by volunteering in a short translation activity.
Part Two
After studying this course, you should be able to：
* Understand the skills required to become a professional translator and what is meant by translation competence.
* Have an awareness of what it means to be a professional translator.
* Undertake an independent research activity.
* Evaluate personal language skills.
* Undertake a translation activity.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了开放大学的免费课程Translation As A Career的相关信息。
1．What do we know about the course
A．It is targeted at high school students.
B．It focuses on English speech skills.
C．It has many foreign teachers.
D．It is an online course.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You can start the course anytime and anywhere if you have access to the Internet.”可知，这是一个网络课程。
2．In which section can you learn about the basic requirements for a translator
A．Translation as a profession.
B．A day in the life of a translator.
C．Your language skills.
D．Translation theory and practice.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据Part One部分中的“Translation as a profession ...an overview of the skills ...”可知，在Translation as a profession这一部分课程中可了解到翻译人员需要的基本技能。
3．What does Part Two mainly focus on
A．Suggestions on improving language skills.
B．The branches of the Open University.
C．The learning outcomes of the course.
D．Requirements for taking the course.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Part Two部分中的“After studying this course, you should be able to ...”内容可知，本部分主要介绍了参加该课程后的学习成果。
B
Our conservative college didn't allow televisions in our dorms, so every weekend, my roommate Gayle and I would choose to pick up needles, thread and canvas (画布).Eventually we'd get back to our dorm late, physically tired but mentally excited and relaxed.
So, it's not surprising to me that recent studies are finding that complex crafting(手工) is good for mental health.It tallys with my own experience.I found out that the repetitive mindfulness of knitting, for example, is similar to meditation(冥想).When 3，545 knitters were surveyed online by Betsan Corkhill, a knitting therapist, more than half of those who responded said they felt “very happy” after knitting.Many of them did it specifically for relaxation and stress relief.Those who knitted more frequently reported more mental and emotional relief than those who did it less frequently.
A 2017 review conducted by the charity Knit for Peace analyzed several studies about knitting.“There is a large amount of research showing that knitting slows the process of dementia, fights against depression and distracts attention from pain，” the review stated.“It is an activity that can be continued into extreme old age.It is also a sociable activity that helps overcome loneliness and a skill that can continue when sight and strength are weakening.”
Neuroscientists find that activities like cooking, drawing, cake decorating, photography, art, and even doing crossword puzzles are beneficial, according to Time.One thought is that when we're being creative, our brains release dopamine(多巴胺), a natural antidepressant.Creativity that takes concentration is a non medicinal way of getting a feel good high.
When I think back to different times in my life, I realize whenever I was cross stitching, making creative photo albums of my boys, or doing other similar things, those activities had a positive effect on my outlook.Why not stop focusing too much on work and take some non medicinal and feel good highs instead through these kinds of crafting activities There's no doubt you will reap happiness.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。做手工有利于身心健康，作者的亲身体验及相关的研究都证明了这一点。
4．The author took up crafting in college to ．
A．gain some pleasure
B．avoid watching TV
C．get physical exercises
D．prepare gifts for roommates
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Our conservative college didn't allow televisions ...but mentally excited and relaxed.”可知，作者大学时候编织是为了获得乐趣。
5．What does the underlined part “tallys with” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Is based on. B．Differs from.
C．Coincides with. D．Is restricted to.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的 “it's not surprising to me that recent studies ...is good for mental health”再结合第一段作者的感受可推知，作者的个人体会与这些研究发现不谋而合。
6．What's the 2017 review mainly about
A．Benefits of knitting.
B．Skills required for knitting.
C．Proper ages suitable for knitting.
D．Ways of promoting knitting in community.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “knitting slows the process of dementia, fights against depression ...overcome loneliness”可推知，2017报告主要与编织的益处有关。
7．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Introduce her favourite leisure activities.
B．Persuade people to be more devoted to work.
C．Show the trick of making creative photo albums.
D．Encourage people to engage in crafting activities.
解析：选D 写作意图题。根据末段中的“Why not ...through these kinds of crafting activities There's no doubt you will reap happiness.”可知，作者想要鼓励人们投入到手工活动中，这样我们可以收获幸福感。
C
With economy and population growing fast, an industrial revolution is impossible to avoid on the African continent.But what's going to power it With renewable energy cheaper and more efficient than ever, countries in Africa have the unique opportunity to employ abundant renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal energy to advance beyond the dependence on fossil fuels.
Researchers from Harvard University and the University of Leicester did a new research recently.They focused on air pollution from power plants and transportation, as many African countries are working to add fossil fuels to power plants and vehicle infrastructure (基础设施).South Africa, for example, is putting the largest dry cooled coal fired power plant in the world into use.Namibia, Ghana and Mozambique are all turning to offshore power plants — known as powerships — that run on the dirty remains from crude oil refining (原油精炼).
The researchers calculated emissions (排放量) from all the current power plants on the continent as well as the projected emissions of all power plants proposed as of November 2017.They calculated vehicle emissions based on increases in population that they showed is strongly tied to vehicle usage.They then plugged all the information into the GEOS Chem global transport model, the open source pollution model developed and housed at Harvard.
The research found that continent wide, 13，000 people would die too early each year from exposure to vehicle emissions and 39，000 people would die from exposure to pollutants from power plants.Most of those deaths are in southern Africa, where most of the new power plants are being planned.Interestingly, some countries without any planned power plants also show high rates of death.Pollution from power plants in South Africa and Botswana, for example, travels as far as northern Angola because of winds and air circulation.
“This research shows the great health benefit of choosing clean energy sources in Africa，” said Eloise Marais, an Associate Professor at the University of Leicester.“If we can cut emissions in southern Africa, and South Africa specifically, it can have a far reaching impact on health，” said Marais.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。非洲的工业革命需要电力支持，来自哈佛大学和莱斯特大学的最新研究发现，为了人民的健康，非洲应该选择可再生能源。
8．What is the key point of African countries' industrial development according to Paragraph 1
A．Enough financial support.
B．Solutions to air pollution.
C．Alternative energy resources.
D．The control of population growth.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“an industrial revolution is impossible to avoid on the African continent.But what's going to power it？”可知，第一段中提出的非洲工业发展面临的问题是开发替代能源。
9．What do the countries mentioned in Paragraph 2 have in common
A．They rely increasingly on fossil fuels.
B．Their air pollution is relatively severer.
C．They pay much attention to industrial development.
D．Their vehicle infrastructure needs to be improved.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“as many African countries are working to add fossil fuels to power plants and vehicle infrastructure (基础设施).”可知，这些国家的共同点是它们越来越多地使用化石燃料。
10．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The harmful effects brought by power plants and transportation.
B．The negative influence brought by winds and air circulation.
C．Why many people would die of air pollution in Africa.
D．Why there are no power plants in northern Angola.
解析：选A 段落大意题。第四段主要讲了发电厂和交通运输中过度使用化石燃料所带来的不好的影响。
11．What can be drawn from the study
A．Africa's energy crisis is expected to be solved.
B．It's necessary for Africa to consider changing energy sources.
C．Severer damage is avoided in some countries due to air circulation.
D．Some African countries have quitted building power plants because of pollution.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段中对这一研究的发现以及最后研究人员所说的话“This research shows the great health benefit of choosing clean energy sources in Africa”可知，非洲有必要考虑改变能量来源。
D
The loss of indigenous languages around the world is a growing concern.The Rosetta Project, which gathers a network of language experts and native speakers, has suggested that one language is being lost every three months and the trend that 92 percent of the world's languages are spoken by fewer than ten people each still continues.UNESCO, meanwhile, has previously suggested that a language is becoming extinct every two weeks.The situation is getting worse and worse and that's why the Rosetta Project is established.
David Crystal, a member of the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, has explained that language extinction occurs when the last person who speaks it dies.He states that while there is nothing unusual about a single language dying, we are witnessing language extinction on a large scale.This is due to the languages no longer being taught to emerging generations.In Crystal's words, this is an issue; those speaking a language are a living monument to what the community once was, which is a responsibility Crystal feels the next generation should carry.
The globalization of English has also played a key role in a language's extinction.About 360 million people are currently estimated to be considering English as their first language across almost 100 countries worldwide.Its use in many fields has aided this spread.Patricia Ryan, an English teacher, explains that while it is the undoubted global language, English does not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts (对应的物).
Campaigners such as those at the Rosetta Project are asking whether more languages should hold official status, such as Welsh.In Wales, both English and Welsh were made official languages in 1993 under the Welsh Language Act, the goal being for both tongues to carry the same importance and be widely used across the country — extinction prohibited by legislation (立法).UNESCO is hoping this kind of strategy will be just as successful on a much larger scale, stressing that avoiding indigenous language extinction will play a vital role in the sustainable development of the communities that speak them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。多种语言都面临消失的危险，Rosetta计划及联合国教科文组织致力于保护语言的多样性。
12．What is the chief goal of the Rosetta Project
A．To train language experts.
B．To protect indigenous people.
C．To urge UNESCO to take action.
D．To preserve endangered languages.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Rosetta Project ...and that's why the Rosetta Project is established.”可知，很多土著语言濒危的形势越来越严峻，Rosetta计划成立的主要目的是保护濒危语言。
13．According to David Crystal, what is the cause of the worsening situation
A．Barriers in law.
B．The globalization of English.
C．Lack of language education.
D．The scale of language users.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“He states ...the languages no longer being taught to emerging generations.”可知，David Crystal认为造成很多语言濒危的原因在于语言教育方面的缺失。
14．What can be inferred from Patricia Ryan's words
A．More people will learn English.
B．We need a better global language.
C．English should be used worldwide.
D．Local languages have their irreplaceable value.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Patricia Ryan ...not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts (对应的物).”可知，本土语言的观点以及措辞并不能完全在英语中找到对应的表达，故本土语言有着不可替代的价值。
15．What would the author most probably talk about next
A．Other reasons for language extinction.
B．More examples of language protection.
C．The value of the Welsh language.
D．Key roles of languages in our life.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章的结构和逻辑可推知，第二、三段说明了导致这种形势的原因，第四段引用威尔士的案例说明了拯救语言的措施，再写下去的话，作者应该会提供更多的保护语言的实例。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you love plants, you can decorate your corridor with indoor plants and flowers. 16 So, you can create a small garden at your cozy balcony to increase the freshness of your place.
Creating a hydroponic (水栽的) garden can be an exciting hobby.Traditional soil based farming can make the place dirty while this cultivation (栽培) process keeps the entire place clean and soil free. 17 Even in your bedroom or in the kitchen or washroom you can grow some attractive flowers and plants in this way.
Whatever the cultivation method you use, plants need some essential minerals to grow.Phosphorous (磷), copper, iron, zinc, manganese and calcium are some vital minerals plants absorb from the soil to grow and flourish.How can plants get all these minerals and other nutrients if
they are grown in no soil 18 These water soluble nutrients can support the growth of plants and plants even grow 50% faster hydroponically than they grow traditionally.
19 For example, nutrients that boost cucumber growth can not benefit tomatoes or cherry trees to grow in the same manner.When you buy hydroponic nutrients, first consider what type of plants you are going to sow in your plot.
Most of the indoor plants don't require sunlight.For cultivation where sunlight is a must, a hydroponic system is also a well fit.It is because you can use artificial lights as the source of daylight.These growing lights may cost a little more than ordinary lights. 20
A．To buy the suitable equipment, choose a reliable online store.
B．You need to take care of the young plants after you plant them.
C．Their colors will make you feel good and create a refreshing environment.
D．With the help of water and nutritive elements, plants can grow hydroponically.
E．Thus, you can choose any place to cultivate your favorite items hydroponically.
F．But services and functions they offer are limitless to help plants grow noticeably.
G．The type of nutritive supplements required by hydroponic plants varies from plant to plant.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。植物能够带给人们惬意，人们在家通过水培的方式便可享受这份惬意。
16．选C 此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系，C项中的Their指代indoor plants and flowers。
17．选E 此空设于段中，与上文形成逻辑上的因果关系，相比传统种植方式，水培无需土壤且不会弄脏环境，因此可以在家中的任何地方进行水培。
18．选D 此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。上文提问：如果没有土壤，植物是如何获取营养的？D项是对此的回答，同时与下文内容相呼应。
19．选G 此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要说明了不同的植物需要不同的营养物质。
20．选F 此空设于段尾，与上文形成逻辑上的转折关系，水培需要的灯比一般的灯贵，但这种灯有助于植物生长。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Translation As A Career
The Open University has 50 years' experience of delivering flexible learning and 170，000 students are studying with us right now.This free and college level course, Translation As A Career, explores what being a professional translator is like.You can start the course anytime and anywhere if you have access to the Internet.
During the course you will meet professional translators discussing their works, such as the translation of a foreign novel, and reflect on what they say.You will find out how translators maintain their language skills.You will also engage in a short translation activity which benefits you in the translation qualification exam.
Part One — the four sections of the course
* Translation as a profession: this section provides an overview of the skills and knowledge needed to be a translator and what is meant by translation competence (能力).
* A day in the life of a translator: in this section, some translators will tell you about their works and about giving back.
* Your language skills: in spite of working daily with their languages, translators usually devote some time during their week to keeping up their language skills; in this section, you are going to find out more about how to improve your language skills.
* Translation theory and practice: explore the notion of equivalence (对等概念) by volunteering in a short translation activity.
Part Two
After studying this course, you should be able to：
* Understand the skills required to become a professional translator and what is meant by translation competence.
* Have an awareness of what it means to be a professional translator.
* Undertake an independent research activity.
* Evaluate personal language skills.
* Undertake a translation activity.
1．What do we know about the course
A．It is targeted at high school students.
B．It focuses on English speech skills.
C．It has many foreign teachers.
D．It is an online course.
2．In which section can you learn about the basic requirements for a translator
A．Translation as a profession.
B．A day in the life of a translator.
C．Your language skills.
D．Translation theory and practice.
3．What does Part Two mainly focus on
A．Suggestions on improving language skills.
B．The branches of the Open University.
C．The learning outcomes of the course.
D．Requirements for taking the course.
B
Our conservative college didn't allow televisions in our dorms, so every weekend, my roommate Gayle and I would choose to pick up needles, thread and canvas (画布).Eventually we'd get back to our dorm late, physically tired but mentally excited and relaxed.
So, it's not surprising to me that recent studies are finding that complex crafting(手工) is good for mental health.It tallys with my own experience.I found out that the repetitive mindfulness of knitting, for example, is similar to meditation(冥想).When 3，545 knitters were surveyed online by Betsan Corkhill, a knitting therapist, more than half of those who responded said they felt “very happy” after knitting.Many of them did it specifically for relaxation and stress relief.Those who knitted more frequently reported more mental and emotional relief than those who did it less frequently.
A 2017 review conducted by the charity Knit for Peace analyzed several studies about knitting.“There is a large amount of research showing that knitting slows the process of dementia, fights against depression and distracts attention from pain，” the review stated.“It is an activity that can be continued into extreme old age.It is also a sociable activity that helps overcome loneliness and a skill that can continue when sight and strength are weakening.”
Neuroscientists find that activities like cooking, drawing, cake decorating, photography, art, and even doing crossword puzzles are beneficial, according to Time.One thought is that when we're being creative, our brains release dopamine(多巴胺), a natural antidepressant.Creativity that takes concentration is a non medicinal way of getting a feel good high.
When I think back to different times in my life, I realize whenever I was cross stitching, making creative photo albums of my boys, or doing other similar things, those activities had a positive effect on my outlook.Why not stop focusing too much on work and take some non medicinal and feel good highs instead through these kinds of crafting activities There's no doubt you will reap happiness.
4．The author took up crafting in college to ．
A．gain some pleasure
B．avoid watching TV
C．get physical exercises
D．prepare gifts for roommates
5．What does the underlined part “tallys with” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Is based on. B．Differs from.
C．Coincides with. D．Is restricted to.
6．What's the 2017 review mainly about
A．Benefits of knitting.
B．Skills required for knitting.
C．Proper ages suitable for knitting.
D．Ways of promoting knitting in community.
7．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Introduce her favourite leisure activities.
B．Persuade people to be more devoted to work.
C．Show the trick of making creative photo albums.
D．Encourage people to engage in crafting activities.
C
With economy and population growing fast, an industrial revolution is impossible to avoid on the African continent.But what's going to power it With renewable energy cheaper and more efficient than ever, countries in Africa have the unique opportunity to employ abundant renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal energy to advance beyond the dependence on fossil fuels.
Researchers from Harvard University and the University of Leicester did a new research recently.They focused on air pollution from power plants and transportation, as many African countries are working to add fossil fuels to power plants and vehicle infrastructure (基础设施).South Africa, for example, is putting the largest dry cooled coal fired power plant in the world into use.Namibia, Ghana and Mozambique are all turning to offshore power plants — known as powerships — that run on the dirty remains from crude oil refining (原油精炼).
The researchers calculated emissions (排放量) from all the current power plants on the continent as well as the projected emissions of all power plants proposed as of November 2017.They calculated vehicle emissions based on increases in population that they showed is strongly tied to vehicle usage.They then plugged all the information into the GEOS Chem global transport model, the open source pollution model developed and housed at Harvard.
The research found that continent wide, 13，000 people would die too early each year from exposure to vehicle emissions and 39，000 people would die from exposure to pollutants from power plants.Most of those deaths are in southern Africa, where most of the new power plants are being planned.Interestingly, some countries without any planned power plants also show high rates of death.Pollution from power plants in South Africa and Botswana, for example, travels as far as northern Angola because of winds and air circulation.
“This research shows the great health benefit of choosing clean energy sources in Africa，” said Eloise Marais, an Associate Professor at the University of Leicester.“If we can cut emissions in southern Africa, and South Africa specifically, it can have a far reaching impact on health，” said Marais.
8．What is the key point of African countries' industrial development according to Paragraph 1
A．Enough financial support.
B．Solutions to air pollution.
C．Alternative energy resources.
D．The control of population growth.
9．What do the countries mentioned in Paragraph 2 have in common
A．They rely increasingly on fossil fuels.
B．Their air pollution is relatively severer.
C．They pay much attention to industrial development.
D．Their vehicle infrastructure needs to be improved.
10．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The harmful effects brought by power plants and transportation.
B．The negative influence brought by winds and air circulation.
C．Why many people would die of air pollution in Africa.
D．Why there are no power plants in northern Angola.
11．What can be drawn from the study
A．Africa's energy crisis is expected to be solved.
B．It's necessary for Africa to consider changing energy sources.
C．Severer damage is avoided in some countries due to air circulation.
D．Some African countries have quitted building power plants because of pollution.
D
The loss of indigenous languages around the world is a growing concern.The Rosetta Project, which gathers a network of language experts and native speakers, has suggested that one language is being lost every three months and the trend that 92 percent of the world's languages are spoken by fewer than ten people each still continues.UNESCO, meanwhile, has previously suggested that a language is becoming extinct every two weeks.The situation is getting worse and worse and that's why the Rosetta Project is established.
David Crystal, a member of the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, has explained that language extinction occurs when the last person who speaks it dies.He states that while there is nothing unusual about a single language dying, we are witnessing language extinction on a large scale.This is due to the languages no longer being taught to emerging generations.In Crystal's words, this is an issue; those speaking a language are a living monument to what the community once was, which is a responsibility Crystal feels the next generation should carry.
The globalization of English has also played a key role in a language's extinction.About 360 million people are currently estimated to be considering English as their first language across almost 100 countries worldwide.Its use in many fields has aided this spread.Patricia Ryan, an English teacher, explains that while it is the undoubted global language, English does not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts (对应的物).
Campaigners such as those at the Rosetta Project are asking whether more languages should hold official status, such as Welsh.In Wales, both English and Welsh were made official languages in 1993 under the Welsh Language Act, the goal being for both tongues to carry the same importance and be widely used across the country — extinction prohibited by legislation (立法).UNESCO is hoping this kind of strategy will be just as successful on a much larger scale, stressing that avoiding indigenous language extinction will play a vital role in the sustainable development of the communities that speak them.
12．What is the chief goal of the Rosetta Project
A．To train language experts.
B．To protect indigenous people.
C．To urge UNESCO to take action.
D．To preserve endangered languages.
13．According to David Crystal, what is the cause of the worsening situation
A．Barriers in law.
B．The globalization of English.
C．Lack of language education.
D．The scale of language users.
14．What can be inferred from Patricia Ryan's words
A．More people will learn English.
B．We need a better global language.
C．English should be used worldwide.
D．Local languages have their irreplaceable value.
15．What would the author most probably talk about next
A．Other reasons for language extinction.
B．More examples of language protection.
C．The value of the Welsh language.
D．Key roles of languages in our life.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you love plants, you can decorate your corridor with indoor plants and flowers. 16 So, you can create a small garden at your cozy balcony to increase the freshness of your place.
Creating a hydroponic (水栽的) garden can be an exciting hobby.Traditional soil based farming can make the place dirty while this cultivation (栽培) process keeps the entire place clean and soil free. 17 Even in your bedroom or in the kitchen or washroom you can grow some attractive flowers and plants in this way.
Whatever the cultivation method you use, plants need some essential minerals to grow.Phosphorous (磷), copper, iron, zinc, manganese and calcium are some vital minerals plants absorb from the soil to grow and flourish.How can plants get all these minerals and other nutrients if
they are grown in no soil 18 These water soluble nutrients can support the growth of plants and plants even grow 50% faster hydroponically than they grow traditionally.
19 For example, nutrients that boost cucumber growth can not benefit tomatoes or cherry trees to grow in the same manner.When you buy hydroponic nutrients, first consider what type of plants you are going to sow in your plot.
Most of the indoor plants don't require sunlight.For cultivation where sunlight is a must, a hydroponic system is also a well fit.It is because you can use artificial lights as the source of daylight.These growing lights may cost a little more than ordinary lights. 20
A．To buy the suitable equipment, choose a reliable online store.
B．You need to take care of the young plants after you plant them.
C．Their colors will make you feel good and create a refreshing environment.
D．With the help of water and nutritive elements, plants can grow hydroponically.
E．Thus, you can choose any place to cultivate your favorite items hydroponically.
F．But services and functions they offer are limitless to help plants grow noticeably.
G．The type of nutritive supplements required by hydroponic plants varies from plant to plant.
必修 第二册 Unit 5 同步练习（解析版）
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Translation As A Career
The Open University has 50 years' experience of delivering flexible learning and 170，000 students are studying with us right now.This free and college level course, Translation As A Career, explores what being a professional translator is like.You can start the course anytime and anywhere if you have access to the Internet.
During the course you will meet professional translators discussing their works, such as the translation of a foreign novel, and reflect on what they say.You will find out how translators maintain their language skills.You will also engage in a short translation activity which benefits you in the translation qualification exam.
Part One — the four sections of the course
* Translation as a profession: this section provides an overview of the skills and knowledge needed to be a translator and what is meant by translation competence (能力).
* A day in the life of a translator: in this section, some translators will tell you about their works and about giving back.
* Your language skills: in spite of working daily with their languages, translators usually devote some time during their week to keeping up their language skills; in this section, you are going to find out more about how to improve your language skills.
* Translation theory and practice: explore the notion of equivalence (对等概念) by volunteering in a short translation activity.
Part Two
After studying this course, you should be able to：
* Understand the skills required to become a professional translator and what is meant by translation competence.
* Have an awareness of what it means to be a professional translator.
* Undertake an independent research activity.
* Evaluate personal language skills.
* Undertake a translation activity.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了开放大学的免费课程Translation As A Career的相关信息。
1．What do we know about the course
A．It is targeted at high school students.
B．It focuses on English speech skills.
C．It has many foreign teachers.
D．It is an online course.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You can start the course anytime and anywhere if you have access to the Internet.”可知，这是一个网络课程。
2．In which section can you learn about the basic requirements for a translator
A．Translation as a profession.
B．A day in the life of a translator.
C．Your language skills.
D．Translation theory and practice.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据Part One部分中的“Translation as a profession ...an overview of the skills ...”可知，在Translation as a profession这一部分课程中可了解到翻译人员需要的基本技能。
3．What does Part Two mainly focus on
A．Suggestions on improving language skills.
B．The branches of the Open University.
C．The learning outcomes of the course.
D．Requirements for taking the course.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Part Two部分中的“After studying this course, you should be able to ...”内容可知，本部分主要介绍了参加该课程后的学习成果。
B
Our conservative college didn't allow televisions in our dorms, so every weekend, my roommate Gayle and I would choose to pick up needles, thread and canvas (画布).Eventually we'd get back to our dorm late, physically tired but mentally excited and relaxed.
So, it's not surprising to me that recent studies are finding that complex crafting(手工) is good for mental health.It tallys with my own experience.I found out that the repetitive mindfulness of knitting, for example, is similar to meditation(冥想).When 3，545 knitters were surveyed online by Betsan Corkhill, a knitting therapist, more than half of those who responded said they felt “very happy” after knitting.Many of them did it specifically for relaxation and stress relief.Those who knitted more frequently reported more mental and emotional relief than those who did it less frequently.
A 2017 review conducted by the charity Knit for Peace analyzed several studies about knitting.“There is a large amount of research showing that knitting slows the process of dementia, fights against depression and distracts attention from pain，” the review stated.“It is an activity that can be continued into extreme old age.It is also a sociable activity that helps overcome loneliness and a skill that can continue when sight and strength are weakening.”
Neuroscientists find that activities like cooking, drawing, cake decorating, photography, art, and even doing crossword puzzles are beneficial, according to Time.One thought is that when we're being creative, our brains release dopamine(多巴胺), a natural antidepressant.Creativity that takes concentration is a non medicinal way of getting a feel good high.
When I think back to different times in my life, I realize whenever I was cross stitching, making creative photo albums of my boys, or doing other similar things, those activities had a positive effect on my outlook.Why not stop focusing too much on work and take some non medicinal and feel good highs instead through these kinds of crafting activities There's no doubt you will reap happiness.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。做手工有利于身心健康，作者的亲身体验及相关的研究都证明了这一点。
4．The author took up crafting in college to ．
A．gain some pleasure
B．avoid watching TV
C．get physical exercises
D．prepare gifts for roommates
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Our conservative college didn't allow televisions ...but mentally excited and relaxed.”可知，作者大学时候编织是为了获得乐趣。
5．What does the underlined part “tallys with” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Is based on. B．Differs from.
C．Coincides with. D．Is restricted to.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的 “it's not surprising to me that recent studies ...is good for mental health”再结合第一段作者的感受可推知，作者的个人体会与这些研究发现不谋而合。
6．What's the 2017 review mainly about
A．Benefits of knitting.
B．Skills required for knitting.
C．Proper ages suitable for knitting.
D．Ways of promoting knitting in community.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “knitting slows the process of dementia, fights against depression ...overcome loneliness”可推知，2017报告主要与编织的益处有关。
7．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Introduce her favourite leisure activities.
B．Persuade people to be more devoted to work.
C．Show the trick of making creative photo albums.
D．Encourage people to engage in crafting activities.
解析：选D 写作意图题。根据末段中的“Why not ...through these kinds of crafting activities There's no doubt you will reap happiness.”可知，作者想要鼓励人们投入到手工活动中，这样我们可以收获幸福感。
C
With economy and population growing fast, an industrial revolution is impossible to avoid on the African continent.But what's going to power it With renewable energy cheaper and more efficient than ever, countries in Africa have the unique opportunity to employ abundant renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal energy to advance beyond the dependence on fossil fuels.
Researchers from Harvard University and the University of Leicester did a new research recently.They focused on air pollution from power plants and transportation, as many African countries are working to add fossil fuels to power plants and vehicle infrastructure (基础设施).South Africa, for example, is putting the largest dry cooled coal fired power plant in the world into use.Namibia, Ghana and Mozambique are all turning to offshore power plants — known as powerships — that run on the dirty remains from crude oil refining (原油精炼).
The researchers calculated emissions (排放量) from all the current power plants on the continent as well as the projected emissions of all power plants proposed as of November 2017.They calculated vehicle emissions based on increases in population that they showed is strongly tied to vehicle usage.They then plugged all the information into the GEOS Chem global transport model, the open source pollution model developed and housed at Harvard.
The research found that continent wide, 13，000 people would die too early each year from exposure to vehicle emissions and 39，000 people would die from exposure to pollutants from power plants.Most of those deaths are in southern Africa, where most of the new power plants are being planned.Interestingly, some countries without any planned power plants also show high rates of death.Pollution from power plants in South Africa and Botswana, for example, travels as far as northern Angola because of winds and air circulation.
“This research shows the great health benefit of choosing clean energy sources in Africa，” said Eloise Marais, an Associate Professor at the University of Leicester.“If we can cut emissions in southern Africa, and South Africa specifically, it can have a far reaching impact on health，” said Marais.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。非洲的工业革命需要电力支持，来自哈佛大学和莱斯特大学的最新研究发现，为了人民的健康，非洲应该选择可再生能源。
8．What is the key point of African countries' industrial development according to Paragraph 1
A．Enough financial support.
B．Solutions to air pollution.
C．Alternative energy resources.
D．The control of population growth.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“an industrial revolution is impossible to avoid on the African continent.But what's going to power it？”可知，第一段中提出的非洲工业发展面临的问题是开发替代能源。
9．What do the countries mentioned in Paragraph 2 have in common
A．They rely increasingly on fossil fuels.
B．Their air pollution is relatively severer.
C．They pay much attention to industrial development.
D．Their vehicle infrastructure needs to be improved.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“as many African countries are working to add fossil fuels to power plants and vehicle infrastructure (基础设施).”可知，这些国家的共同点是它们越来越多地使用化石燃料。
10．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The harmful effects brought by power plants and transportation.
B．The negative influence brought by winds and air circulation.
C．Why many people would die of air pollution in Africa.
D．Why there are no power plants in northern Angola.
解析：选A 段落大意题。第四段主要讲了发电厂和交通运输中过度使用化石燃料所带来的不好的影响。
11．What can be drawn from the study
A．Africa's energy crisis is expected to be solved.
B．It's necessary for Africa to consider changing energy sources.
C．Severer damage is avoided in some countries due to air circulation.
D．Some African countries have quitted building power plants because of pollution.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段中对这一研究的发现以及最后研究人员所说的话“This research shows the great health benefit of choosing clean energy sources in Africa”可知，非洲有必要考虑改变能量来源。
D
The loss of indigenous languages around the world is a growing concern.The Rosetta Project, which gathers a network of language experts and native speakers, has suggested that one language is being lost every three months and the trend that 92 percent of the world's languages are spoken by fewer than ten people each still continues.UNESCO, meanwhile, has previously suggested that a language is becoming extinct every two weeks.The situation is getting worse and worse and that's why the Rosetta Project is established.
David Crystal, a member of the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language, has explained that language extinction occurs when the last person who speaks it dies.He states that while there is nothing unusual about a single language dying, we are witnessing language extinction on a large scale.This is due to the languages no longer being taught to emerging generations.In Crystal's words, this is an issue; those speaking a language are a living monument to what the community once was, which is a responsibility Crystal feels the next generation should carry.
The globalization of English has also played a key role in a language's extinction.About 360 million people are currently estimated to be considering English as their first language across almost 100 countries worldwide.Its use in many fields has aided this spread.Patricia Ryan, an English teacher, explains that while it is the undoubted global language, English does not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts (对应的物).
Campaigners such as those at the Rosetta Project are asking whether more languages should hold official status, such as Welsh.In Wales, both English and Welsh were made official languages in 1993 under the Welsh Language Act, the goal being for both tongues to carry the same importance and be widely used across the country — extinction prohibited by legislation (立法).UNESCO is hoping this kind of strategy will be just as successful on a much larger scale, stressing that avoiding indigenous language extinction will play a vital role in the sustainable development of the communities that speak them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。多种语言都面临消失的危险，Rosetta计划及联合国教科文组织致力于保护语言的多样性。
12．What is the chief goal of the Rosetta Project
A．To train language experts.
B．To protect indigenous people.
C．To urge UNESCO to take action.
D．To preserve endangered languages.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Rosetta Project ...and that's why the Rosetta Project is established.”可知，很多土著语言濒危的形势越来越严峻，Rosetta计划成立的主要目的是保护濒危语言。
13．According to David Crystal, what is the cause of the worsening situation
A．Barriers in law.
B．The globalization of English.
C．Lack of language education.
D．The scale of language users.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“He states ...the languages no longer being taught to emerging generations.”可知，David Crystal认为造成很多语言濒危的原因在于语言教育方面的缺失。
14．What can be inferred from Patricia Ryan's words
A．More people will learn English.
B．We need a better global language.
C．English should be used worldwide.
D．Local languages have their irreplaceable value.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Patricia Ryan ...not translate every view and every term used by its local counterparts (对应的物).”可知，本土语言的观点以及措辞并不能完全在英语中找到对应的表达，故本土语言有着不可替代的价值。
15．What would the author most probably talk about next
A．Other reasons for language extinction.
B．More examples of language protection.
C．The value of the Welsh language.
D．Key roles of languages in our life.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章的结构和逻辑可推知，第二、三段说明了导致这种形势的原因，第四段引用威尔士的案例说明了拯救语言的措施，再写下去的话，作者应该会提供更多的保护语言的实例。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If you love plants, you can decorate your corridor with indoor plants and flowers. 16 So, you can create a small garden at your cozy balcony to increase the freshness of your place.
Creating a hydroponic (水栽的) garden can be an exciting hobby.Traditional soil based farming can make the place dirty while this cultivation (栽培) process keeps the entire place clean and soil free. 17 Even in your bedroom or in the kitchen or washroom you can grow some attractive flowers and plants in this way.
Whatever the cultivation method you use, plants need some essential minerals to grow.Phosphorous (磷), copper, iron, zinc, manganese and calcium are some vital minerals plants absorb from the soil to grow and flourish.How can plants get all these minerals and other nutrients if
they are grown in no soil 18 These water soluble nutrients can support the growth of plants and plants even grow 50% faster hydroponically than they grow traditionally.
19 For example, nutrients that boost cucumber growth can not benefit tomatoes or cherry trees to grow in the same manner.When you buy hydroponic nutrients, first consider what type of plants you are going to sow in your plot.
Most of the indoor plants don't require sunlight.For cultivation where sunlight is a must, a hydroponic system is also a well fit.It is because you can use artificial lights as the source of daylight.These growing lights may cost a little more than ordinary lights. 20
A．To buy the suitable equipment, choose a reliable online store.
B．You need to take care of the young plants after you plant them.
C．Their colors will make you feel good and create a refreshing environment.
D．With the help of water and nutritive elements, plants can grow hydroponically.
E．Thus, you can choose any place to cultivate your favorite items hydroponically.
F．But services and functions they offer are limitless to help plants grow noticeably.
G．The type of nutritive supplements required by hydroponic plants varies from plant to plant.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。植物能够带给人们惬意，人们在家通过水培的方式便可享受这份惬意。
16．选C 此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系，C项中的Their指代indoor plants and flowers。
17．选E 此空设于段中，与上文形成逻辑上的因果关系，相比传统种植方式，水培无需土壤且不会弄脏环境，因此可以在家中的任何地方进行水培。
18．选D 此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。上文提问：如果没有土壤，植物是如何获取营养的？D项是对此的回答，同时与下文内容相呼应。
19．选G 此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要说明了不同的植物需要不同的营养物质。
20．选F 此空设于段尾，与上文形成逻辑上的转折关系，水培需要的灯比一般的灯贵，但这种灯有助于植物生长。