2022届高考英语二轮复习：形容词副词冠词课件（69张）

(共69张PPT)
Make a little effort everyday and you'll make a big difference!
一 形容词 副词
1.形容词，副词 原级
2.形容词，副词比较级
3.形容词，副词最高级
3.Chinese authors would make an effort to
use a language that is suitable (suit) for translation，
and a communication style that can be
understood by the entire.
形容词的基本用法
1.形容词的定义及构成
形容词是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。
构成：~able,~ous,~less,~ish,~ful,~ive,~y,~ible 等等
以 ly结尾的形容词，常见的有：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly 等。
2.形容词在句子中的作用
形容词在句中可用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。
These are valuable suggestions.这些是宝贵的建议
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
The film was very interesting.那部影片非常有趣
Who left the door open 谁没关门
He returned home,safe and sound.他回到了家,安然无恙
These are valuable suggestions.这些是宝贵的建议 (形容词作前置定语)
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。(形容词作后置定语)
The film was very interesting.那部影片非常有趣
(形容词作表语)
Who left the door open 谁没关门 (形容词作补语)
He returned home,safe and sound.他回到了家,安然无恙。(形容词作状语)
副词的基本用法
1.副词的定义及构成
副词是用来修 饰动词
形容词、
其他副词
修饰整个句子
构成：adj+ly
2.副词在句子中的作用
副词可用作状语、表语、宾语补语或
介词宾语等。
He studies very hard.他学习非常努力。
She is a very smart girl.她是一个非常聪明的女孩儿。
Fortunately, his stepmother was kind to
him.幸运的是,他的继母对他不错。
He studies very hard.他学习非常努力。(副词very修饰另一个副词hard;副词hard修饰动词studies)
She is a very smart girl.她是一个非常聪明的女孩儿。(副词very修饰形容词smart)
Fortunately, his stepmother was kind to him.幸运的是,他的继母对他不错。
(副词fortunately修饰整个句子)
常考的连接性副词：
though “然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile “在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；
however“然而”；
instead“相反，代替”；
anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。
(天津高考)The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead，he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
(江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big. Besides，I'd grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
易用错的几类副词
(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：
free & freely
hard & hardly
late & lately，
most & mostly
fair & fairly
near & nearly
易用错的几类副词
(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：
free(免费地)/freely(自由地)，
hard(努力地)/ hardly(几乎不)，
late(晚，迟)/ lately(最近)，
most(很，最)/mostly(主要地)，
fair (公平地)/ fairly(相当地)，
near(临近)/nearly(几乎) 。
易用错的几类副词
(2)有些副词有两种形式：一般以 ly结尾时表示抽象意义与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：
close & closely
wide & widely
high & highly
deep & deeply
易用错的几类副词
(2)有些副词有两种形式：一般以 ly结尾时表示抽象意义与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：
close接近/closely密切地；
wide宽地/widely广泛地；
high高地/highly高度地；
deep深地/deeply 深深地。
比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
(2)不规则变化
good/well →better →best；
bad/ill →worse →worst；
many/much →more →most；
far →farther/further →farthest/furthest；old →older/elder →oldest/eldest；
little →less →least
不规则变化详见不规则动词表
比较等级的用法
(1)同级比较
as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；
not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……不一样”
Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as_rich_and_full_a_life_as you do.接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你们一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。
(2)比较级的用法
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。
“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”
These days ,music fan spend less money in
buying records than people used to do.
修饰比较等级的副词：much，even，still，far，yet，a little，a lot，a bit，rather，any等
有些词本身有比较级含义，但不与than连用， 如be senior to等。
more，very等副词不可修饰比较级
(3)最高级
表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。
注意：有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的有：favorite，wonderful，exhausted等；
One of the (good) things about her lessons was that we didn't always have to study in an ordinary way.
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①“the＋adj./adv. er，the＋adj./adv. er”
“越……，越……”
The more support you win from others，the faster you will move toward your goal.
②“adj./adv. er＋and＋adj./adv. er”“越来越……”
More and more people are using smartphones for information and entertainment.
③“the＋adj. er＋of the two＋名词”“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
The taller of the two girls is Mary.
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……”
more brave than wise 有勇无谋
⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……”（否定两者）
I could no more do that than you.
你不能做那件事，我也不能做。
⑦比较级+否定意义词
I couldn’t agree with you more.
When you are lost, there is nothing better than
to stay where you are waiting for help.
高考链接
2019全国卷I
1.I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
2. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
___
2019全国卷I
1.I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
2. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
___________
interested
________
_____
hard
2019全国卷II
1. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
2. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
2019全国卷III
What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe .
2019全国卷II
1. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
2. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
2019全国卷III
What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe .
_________
cool
___________
amazed
_____________
ordinary
2018全国卷I
2.I felt happily that their life had improved.
2018全国卷III
2.Immediate, I raised my hand.
2018全国卷I
2.I felt happily that their life had improved.
2018全国卷III
2.Immediate, I raised my hand.
____
_________
happy
Immediately
2017全国卷I
I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
2016全国卷I
Instead,he hopes that his business will grow steady.
2017全国卷I
I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
2016全国卷I
Instead,he hopes that his business will grow steady.
__________
sudden
_______
steadily
冠词
冠词
冠词的分类和用法
冠词 分为定冠词the(辅音前面读[ ],元音前读[ i]) 不定冠词a/an(辅音前用a,元音前用an)和零冠词(即不用冠词)。(注:“辅音、元音”指读音,不指字母)
the
a/an
辅音前用a,元音前用an
an hour
an honest boy
a university student
a universal language
a European country
a united nation
不定冠词 a/an 的用法
(1)用作可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。
(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”相当于a certain
—Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John
—Sorry，but I don't think there's a John in our class.对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。
（3）用于说明事物的同一性质、特征、程度或大小,相当于the same。如:
They are nearly of an age.他们差不多大。
The two shirts are of a size.两件衬衣尺寸相同
不定冠词的活用
( 1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
(北京高考)First impressions are the most lasting. After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression. 最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象
(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。
(山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。
(2017·烟台模拟)If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！
3．用于固定搭配中
all of a sudden突然地　
as a matter of fact事实上
at a loss不知所措；困惑
pay a visit to参观；拜访
be/go on a diet节食
give sb.a lift/ride让某人搭便车
make a fool of 愚弄 in a hurry匆忙地
make a living谋生 a waste of...浪费
once in a while偶尔
keep an eye on 留意；留神
have a gift for在……方面有天赋
have a word with与……谈话
in a way从某种意义上说
as a result/consequence 因此
定冠词the的用法
1.用于可数名词单数前代表一类人或物。如:
The rose is my favorite flower.玫瑰是我最喜爱的花。
2.表示特定的、双方皆知或上文已提到的人或物。如:
He bought a book yesterday.The book is on the desk.昨天他买了一本书,书在桌子上。
3.表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:
the sun太阳;the moon月亮;
the world世界; the sky天空;
the earth地球
4.用在序数词、形容词最高级以及特定比较的比较级前。
the first unit第一单元; the largest room最大的房间
He is the taller of the two children in his family.他是家中两个孩子中高的那个。
5.用在由普通名词构成的国家、政治组织、报纸、杂志、大建筑物、朝代等专有名词前。如:
the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国;the United Nations联合国
6.用在某些地理名词(江、河、海、山脉、群岛等)前。
the Atlantic Ocean大西洋;the Yangtze River长江
7.用在某些形容词前代表一类人(谓语用复数)。如:
the poor穷人;the young青年人;the old老年人;the wounded伤员;the blind盲人
8.姓的复数前加the,表示一家人或夫妇二人。如:
The Greens are at table.格林一家正在吃饭。
9.西方乐器名称前常加the。如:
play the piano/violin/guitar演奏钢琴/小提琴/吉他
10.表示“在某世纪的某个年代”。如:
The building was built in the 1880s.这幢楼建于十九世纪八十年代。
11.用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中
hit sb.on the head 打某人的头
pull /take sb.by the hand拉/抓住某人的手
strike sb.in the face打某人的脸
12.用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中， 表示“按……计算”。但size，weight这类
名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。如:
I have hired the car by the hour.我已按小时租车。
Eggs are sold by the dozen.鸡蛋论打卖。
at the age of在……岁时
at the beginning of在……之初
at the end of在……结尾;到……尽头
at the mercy of任由……摆布或控制
by the way顺便说一句　for the time being暂时
for the sake of因……的缘故;为了……起见
go to the cinema去看电影
in the way 挡道　in the countryside在乡下
in the distance在远处　in the end终于
固定搭配
in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上
on the contrary相反
on the other hand另一方面
on the spot 在现场　on the whole大体上
the other day 几天前　to tell the truth说实话
at the same time 与此同时
固定搭配
零冠词的活用
（名词前不加冠词,可以称作零冠词）
1.称呼语,表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常用零冠词。
(四川高考)Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习
Mr Smith was elected chairman.史密斯先生被选为主席。
Aunt Mary; Professor Zhang
2.抽象名词表示泛指时一般不用冠词。如:
Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
3.当名词被指示代词(this、that、these、those)、形容词性物主代词(my、his等)、不定代词(some、any、no、every)以及名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。如:
Wang Ping's mother is a doctor. 。
Every student must obey the rule.
4.as引导的让步状语从句中,名词用在句首时不用冠
Child as he is,he can finish the work.
5.turn后的名词作表语时不用冠词。如:
She turned teacher after graduation.
He turned writer when he was 30 years old.
6.表示泛指概念的一日三餐、节假日、球类运动、棋类、 游戏、季节、月份、学科、疾病、颜色、感官名称前不用冠词。如:
Did you have breakfast
Economics is different from politics.经济学不同于政治学
Granny died of cancer two years ago.
He likes football. Smell is one of the five senses.嗅觉是五种感觉之一。
White is a beautiful colour.
7..play(玩)后面接球类、棋类等娱乐活动名词时,一般不加冠词。如：
play chess/football下棋/踢足球
8.by后加交通工具，泛指乘坐交通工具时,交通工具前不用冠词。如:
by train/plane/boat/bike/bus/taxi
9.注意电影、电视、戏剧、广播前冠词的用法。如:
watch TV看电视;see a film看电影;listen to the radio听收音机;go to the cinema/movies去看电影
lose heart失去信心 by chance/accident碰巧
in history在历史上 under repair在维修中
hand in hand 手拉手
do harm to对……有害 on purpose故意地
in place在正确位置 in return作为回报
at present 目前
固定搭配
相同词语中使用冠词与不使用冠词的差别
无冠词 有冠词 无冠词 有冠词
in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……的前部 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question
不可能
in charge of 负责,管理 in the charge of 在……的管理
下 in prison 坐牢 in the prison
在那个监狱里
面(不一定坐牢)
on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上 in office 在执政 in the office
在办公室
跟踪检测
1．The unsuccessful person，on _the_ other hand，works little and just waits to see them pass by.
2．比较应用①Xiamen is the most beautiful coastal city I have ever seen so that I will come again.
②Qingdao is a most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for a second time.
注意
1.Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
2.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody has to worry about fashion. Everybody wears same style of clothes.
3.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
4.Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.
5.Instead, she is earning 6500 dollars a day as _______model in New York.
6.She gave birth to twins.One is being bottle-fed, ______other is with mum.
7.Give your body ad brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
8. One way to understand thousands of ne words is to gain good knowledge of basic word formation.
1.the 2.the 3.the 4.the
5. a 6.the 7.a 8.a
See you .