【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题二十一 语法填空（解析卷）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
高考英语语法填空的试题是在一篇短文或对话中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式。
考生需要灵活运用语法知识，比如：词性、时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等；考生需要判断各空格处应填写的内容。
具体考查形式有以下几种：
1. 给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；
2. 给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
3. 给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
4. 不给提示词，一般需要填写的是介词、连词、冠词和代词。
5. 给提示词，考查的是谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
一、无提示词类试题的解题技巧
1. 名词、代词、动名词前设空，首先考虑限定词与介词
在纯空格类试题中，如果在名词前设空，答案应首先考虑限定词与介词。限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、名词所有格、不定代词(no，some，any，one，each，every，either，neither，another，other等)
2. 及物动词后设空，首先考虑代词或名词
如果动词是及物动词，其后应跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，应首先考虑代词，尤其宾格代词，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或结合语境填人名词作它的宾语。
3. 平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配
语法填空中的一些纯空格题实际上考查的是习惯搭配。解决此类问题，考生需要注意平时积累一些常见的固定搭配和习惯用语，多阅读地道的英语文章，培养语感，这样在做题时就可以游刃有余，又快又好。
4. 掌握并列句和主从复合句的结构
若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，就必须要有连词，否则句子结构就不完整。接着通过判定从句类型来选择适当的连词。
5. 从属连词所引导的从句判定方法
1）从属连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用为定语从句：根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分来确定用何关系词。若在从句中做主语或宾语用关系代词，若作状语就用关系副词。
2）从属连词所引导的从句起名词的作用为名词性从句：根据名词性从句的连接词在从句中的意义和作什么句子成分，来确定用什么连接词。
3）如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起副词的作用为状语从句：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或连词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定合适的连词。
二、有提示词类试题的解题技巧
1. 形容词、名词后提示词为动词，首先考虑不定式
形容词后接不定式的情况比较常见，此时不定式作状语，表示原因、目的等。另外，形容词后接不定式时，不定式常用主动形式，其逻辑主语或宾语常为句子的主语。
2. 名词、代词后设空，提示词为动词时，注意时态、语态
名词、代词后给出的提示词是动词时，确定这个提示词是作谓语后，应需要注意动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系时动词就应用主动语态，是动宾关系时就应用被动语态。做题时还应注意根据文章所用的时态，选用恰当的时态。同时还要注意主谓一致问题。
3. 动词后设空，提示词为动词，首先考虑动词非谓语动词形式
空格前是动词的时候，空格处需要填的是提示词的非谓语动词形式。如果是物主代词或介词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑动词的名词形式或动名词形式。
4. 谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词时，首先考虑非谓语动词形式
如果句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，在谓语动词之后或之前设空，给出的提示词为动词时，应用非谓语动词形式。此时要注意所给动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。如果是主谓关系，要考虑用动词的现在分词形式；如果是动宾关系，要考虑用动词的过去分词形式；如果提示词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，要用分词的完成式。
5. be动词后设空，提示词为动词时，要考虑用提示词的形容词，现在分词或过去分词形式
如果语境表示动作正在进行，答案就应用动词的现在分词形式；如果语境表示动作被执行，答案应用动词的过去分词形式；如果两者都不是，就要考虑形容词作表语的情况。
6. 从属连词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑现在分词或过去分词，如表示将来时可考虑用不定式
状语从句的省略是高考考查的热点。从属连词后设空，且提示词为动词时，考生要考虑所给动词与其逻辑主语的关系。如果是主谓关系则应用现在分词；如果是动宾关系，则应用过去分词；如果表示将来的动作应用不定式。由when，while，as，until，if，as if，than等引导的状语从句有此省略用法。
7. 空格处的提示词为形容词、副词时，首先考虑比较级或最高级形式或者形容词的副词形式
在语法填空中，对形容词、副词的考查主要是指对形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的考查，因此要特别注意一些形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的不规则形式，如well／good→better →best；bad→worse→worst等。如果所给提示词为形容词，还要注意可能会用形容词的副词形式。
8. 动词前或后设空，提示词为形容词时，首先考虑副词形式
副词主要用来修饰动词。副词在句中的位置比较灵活，可位于动词之前也可以位于动词之后，因此如果动词前或后设空，提示词为形容词，首先考虑副词形式。需要注意形容词变为副词的变化规则。
9. 名词前设空且提示词为名词时，首先考虑该名词的形容词形式
名词前设空且提示词为名词时，此空多数情况下是作定语的，名词本身也可以作定语，但是填原形的可能性非常小，因此应首先考虑该词的形容词形式，这就要牢记形容词的一些常见后缀，如-ous，-al，-y，-tive，-ment等。
10. 形容词后设空，提示词是名词或动词，考虑名词或名词的单复数形式
空格之前是形容词，提示词是名词或者动词的时候，注意名词的单复数形式。
11. and或者or前后设空，答题时要注意前后一致
and和or为并列连词，它们前后的词的形式应是一致的，因此做语法填空时可根据这一特点来答题。
三、语法填空解题技巧
1. 给出动词基本形式 给出动词基本形式的时候，填写词性词形转化（转为名词、形容词），或填写谓语部分，或是非谓语动词。
2. 给出词语 给出词语的，需要注意词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的变化，名词的复数形式，
3. 给出形容词或者副词 给出形容词时，需要填写比较级、最高级或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词。
4. 不给出词语 不给出词语的时候，填写限定词。如：冠词、人称代词主格、宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式；形容词性的物主代词或some，any，other，another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，如：序数词、形容词最高级等，其前用定冠词。
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 全国乙卷）
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61 ___(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___ (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___ 64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of ___67___ (visit) the place.
Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
Provide ___68___ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. ___69___ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ___70___ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案与解析】
61 educated 考查形容词用法。其前是系动词become，+形容词做表语。
62. development 考查名词用法。其前有定冠词the修饰，所以用名词。
63. its 考查代词用法。根据语境可知此处表示它的，所以用形容词物主代词。
64. until 考查介词用法。固定搭配not … until
65. the 考查定冠词用法，特指。
66. of 考查介词用法。various types of时固定搭配。
67 visiting 考查动词-ing形式。因为做介词宾语，所以用动名词。
68 financial 考查形容词用法。去掉e+ial。此处用作定语修饰aid，为经济援助。
69 Activities 考查名词复数形式。去掉y+ies。在句子中作主语，根据其后range可知，用复数形式。
70 to have 考查动词不定式用法。aim to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示：目的是…...
2.（2021年高考 全国甲卷）
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ____41____ (build) originally to protect the city ____42____ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ____43____ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ____44____ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ____45____ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ____46____ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ____47____ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ____48____ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ____49____ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案与解析】
41 was built 考查被动语态。设空处与前面的主语It是被动的关系；It替代前一句中的The Xi'an City Wall。
42. in 考查介词用法。此处表示在唐朝（in the Tang dynasty）。
43. to walk 考查动词不定式用法。It is possible to do sth.在此处是动词不定式短语做主语：It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers. It为该句子的形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。
44. spending 考查介词+动名词用法。介词After后面用动名词形式。
45. better 考查形容词比较级用法。better than比较级的标志词。提示词（good）后面的than提示我们要用形容词的比较级。
46. hired 考查动词时态。谓语动词与整篇文章时态一致；整篇文章是对过去事情的陈述，所以用过去时态。
47. but 考查连接词的用法。空格前面是My bike was old and shaky我的自行车又旧、又摇摇晃晃；空格后面did the job能骑，所以用but但是它能骑。
48 the 考查冠词用法：all the way（冠词＋名词）。It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall. 我们绕着西安城墙骑了大约3个小时。
49 watchtowers 考查复数名词并列。we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures我们在不同的大门和望塔前停下来拍照。
50 daily 考查形容词物主代词＋名词的用法。their daily。只是为了观察当地人的日常生活（just to watch the local people going about their daily routines）。
3.（2021年高考 新高考Ⅰ卷）
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ____64____(I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案与解析】
56. What 考查连接词。空格在句首，优先考虑从句的连接词；主句不完整，从句也不完整，所以考虑是名词性从句；从句中缺物，用What；What有两个功能，即是连接词，又在从句中充当成份。
57. humans 考查名词复数形式。此空格为we的同位语，所以用humans。
58. undoubtedly 考查副词用法。此处为副词修饰动词，undoubtedly 修饰help。
59. hotter 考查副词或者比较级最高级。此处是the + more (比较级) 结构。
60. astonished 考查非谓语动词的用法。注意非谓语动词~ing与~ed的区别；用~ed形式修饰人，表示使人感到惊讶。
61. was 考查how引导的感叹句。此处用谓语动词形式，提示词then指的是那个时候，表示过去的某个时间。
62. and 考查平行并列结构。用and连接两个并列的结构still it high lights the whole adventure ______(62) offers a place...。
63. aching 考查非谓语动词的用法。注意非谓语动词~ing与~ed的区别, aching表示正在疼痛的。
64. mine 考查名词性物主代词的用法。空格内为代词, 考查代词的正确形式。 根据句意，该空格应该含义为 my memory= mine。
65. a 考查冠词用法。a must必须，必须做的事，必要的事，必不可少的东西，必要条件；此处表示：一个必须去的地方。
4.（2020年高考 全国II卷）
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a __61＿（celebrate） marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___（carry） special significance. They represent the earth __63＿（come） back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more __64＿ than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times __65__（decorate）with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. __66＿ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated __67＿ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy __ 68___（care）for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___69___(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ___70___ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案与解析】
61. celebration 考查词性转换。a + 名词；celebrate 的名词形式为celebration。
62. carries 考查主谓一致。This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，V-ing 做主语用单数形式。carry的单数形式carries。
ing 考查动名词短语。此处为动名词短语做动词represent的宾语。They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.它们代表着大地复苏以及对新开端的美好祝愿。the earth coming back to life= the earth is coming back to life。这部分是动名词的复合结构，做represent的宾语，并且与后面的and best wishes for new beginnings一同做并列宾语。
64. than 考查固定短语more than。more than修饰名词，表示不仅仅是，不只是。
65. decorated 考查非谓语动词。过去分词做see them的宾语补足语，与逻辑主语Orange trees之间是被动的关系，所以，用过去分词。
66. certainly 考查形容词变副词的词性转换。此处是副词作状语修饰整个句子。
67. with 考查介词与固定搭配。be associated with sth.固定搭配，与……相联系。
68. to care 动词不定式，be easy to do此处为be + 形容词 + to do结构，用动词不定式做状语。
70. the 考查灌丛的用法。序数词first前+定冠词，表示第一个。
5.（模拟练习-1）
As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving___1___(steady) through the air, and although the passengers___2___(fasten) their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess presented. She looked very pale,___3___was quite calm. Speaking quickly and almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that__4___pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines. After a moment's__5___(hesitate), a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin. Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that___6___(send) by radio from the airport below. To everyone's relief, the plane,_7___was dangerously close to the ground at the moment, soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times to become familiar___8___the controls of the plane. The critical moment came when he had to land. The man,___9___(follow) the instructions, guided the plane toward the airfield, and it___10___(land) safely after a long run along the runway.
【答案与解析】
1. unsteadily 考查上下文串联以及词性转换。根据前句everyone sensed that something was wrong每个人都感觉到出事了。所以飞机在空中不稳定地飞行。所以。使用否定意义的副词unsteadily“不稳定地”。
2. had fastened 考查动词的时态。句意：飞机在空中不稳定地飞行，尽管乘客们先前已经系好了安全带，但是他们还是被突然向前抛去。可知乘客们系好安全带是在他们被向前抛之前，所以使用过去完成时。
3. but 考查连词。句意：就在那时，空姐出现了。她看上去脸色苍白，但是很镇定。根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系，所以使用连词but表示转折。
4. the 考查定冠词。句意：她告诉每位乘客飞行员已经不省人世，乘客中是否有谁了解机械方面的知识的。此处特指这架飞机上的“飞行员”，是特指。所以，用定冠词the。
5. hesitation 考查名词。句意：片刻犹豫之后，……。根据句意可知此处用名词形式，a moment's+名词形式。所以，用 hesitation。
6. were being sent 考查动词的时态和语态。本题定语从句的先行词是the urgent instructions，关系代词that指代先行词在句中做主语，与动词send构成被动关系，所以使用过去进行时的被动语态，指地面塔台发送的紧急指示命令。答案为were being sent。
7. which 考查定语从句。句意：让大家欣慰的是，那时非常危险地靠近地面的飞机不久就开始爬升。本句中关系代词which指代先行词the plane在句中做主语，引导定语从句。
8. with 考查固定短语。句意：为了熟悉对飞机的控制，那个男士不得不让飞机在空中盘旋了几次。此处是固定短语：be familiar with对……熟悉。
9. following 考查非谓语动词。句意：那个男士按照地面塔台发送的指令引导飞机向机场飞去，飞机沿着跑道滑行了很长一段距离后安全降落了。本句中动词follow与句子主语the man（也是follow的逻辑主语）之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词短语在句中做伴随状语。故答案为following。
10. landed 考查动词时态。句意：在跑道上过了很长时间之后安全着陆。根据句意可知用一般过去时态。所以，用landed。
6.（模拟练习-2）
Beijing opera or Peking opera is a form of Chinese opera __1___( combine ) music, vocal performances, dance and so on. It ___2___ (arise) in the late 18th century and became ___3___ (full) developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in __4___ Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the ___5___ (culture) treasures of China. Major performance troupes (剧团，戏班子）are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. Also ___6___ (preserve) in Taiwan, the art form is still of great importance to people there.
___7___ (perform) of Peking opera use the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive. Above all else, the skill of performers ___8___ (evaluate) according to the beauty of their movements. The music of Beijing opera can be divided ___9___ the Xipi and Erhuang styles. The repertoire (全部曲目）of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works, ___10___ characters are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.
【答案与解析】
1. combining 考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧，是一种结合了音乐、有声表演、哑剧表演、舞蹈、杂技多种表演形式的中国戏剧。根据谓语动词is以及前后没有连词，可以判断第二次出现的动词用非谓语形式，京剧和结合是主动关系。所以，用combining。
2. arose 考查动词时态。句意：它出现于18世纪后期，在19世纪中期得到了充分的发展和认同，根据时间判断用一般过去时。所以，用arose。
3. fully 考查副词。句意：它出现于18世纪后期，在19世纪中期得到了充分的发展和认同，副词修饰动词。所以，用fully。
4. the 考查冠词。句意：这种形式的表演在清代宫廷里非常受欢迎，而且渐渐地开始被认为是一种中华文化瑰宝，朝代是专有名词，它前面要用定冠词表示特指。所以，用the。
5. cultural 考查形容词。句意：这种形式的表演渐渐地开始被认为是一种中华文化瑰宝。形容词修饰名词。所以，用cultural。
6. preserved 考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧在台湾被保留，台湾人非常重视这种艺术形式，根据逗号得知动词用非谓语形式，前后主语一致，艺术形式和保留是被动关系。所以，用preserved。
7. Performers 考查名词。句意：京剧表演人们在表演中使用的说、唱、舞蹈、杂技，是非常有象征性、暗示性的，根据use得知主语要用复数名词。所以，用Performers。
8. is evaluated 考查动词时态语态。句意：最重要的是，京剧表演人的表演技巧是依靠表演身段来评判的，主语技巧和谓语评判是被动关系。所以，用is evaluated。
9. into 考查介词。句意：京剧的两个主要曲调是西皮和二黄，根据短语divide…into，得知“被分为”be divided into。所以，用into。
10. whose/where 考查定语从句的关系词。句意：京剧传统剧目多达1400个，其中的角色是基于中国历史、民俗越来越多的是来源于当代生活，先行词是works作品，在定语从句中做character的定语，也可以理解为抽象的地点。所以，用whose/where。
7.（模拟练习-3）
Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a ___1___ (total) different country If so, then you are a third-culture kid.
The term “third—culture kid” ___2___ (use)in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while ___3___ (research)North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit from ___4___ (they)intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.
Yet many ___5___ (difficulty)may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely ___6___ their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard ___7___ (develop)new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often easier to move to a new country ___8___ to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country ___9___ she was born. She didn’t know anything about current TV shows ___10___ fashion trends . And she didn’t share the same values as other teens of her age.
【答案与解析】
1. totally 考查副词。修饰形容词different，用副词。所以，用totally。
2. was used 考查时态和语态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；The term“ third—culture kid”与use之间是被动关系，用被动语态，综上所述，应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。所以，用was used。
3. researching 考查非谓语动词。research与其逻辑主语She之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。所以，用researching。
4. their 考查代词。一般而言，“第三文化的孩子们” 受益于他们的不同文化体验。表示“他们的”。所以，用their。
5. difficulties 考查名词单复数。many修饰可数名词的复数形式。所以，用difficulties。
6. to 考查固定短语。“第三文化的孩子们” 可能不能让他们自己完全适用于他们新的环境。adapt oneself to使自己适应，是固定短语。所以，用to。
7. to develop 考查不定式。这里it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。所以，用to develop。
8. than 考查语义理解。此外，对于一个“第三文化的孩子”来说，搬到一个其他国家比返回到他们的祖国更容易。这里表示比较。所以，用than。
9. where 考查定语从句。___9___ she was born．是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语。所以，用关系副词where。
10. or 考查连词。她不知道任何关于当前的电视节目或者流行趋势。表示“或者”。所以，用or。
8.（模拟练习-4）
A South Korean biomedical start-up called Ybrain has developed a headband that they claim will offer relief from the symptoms of___1___(depress). The device, called Mindd, works___2___(use) a technique called transcranial direct-current stimulation(tDCS). Here, a low-voltage electrical current___3___(apply) to specific areas in the brain via electrodes(电极) placed on the skull.
tDCS is not new-the basic___4___(principle) have been understood since the early 19th century. But the past decade or so has seen increased interest in its use in treating neurological and psychiatric conditions, and a 2016 meta-analysis of hundreds of studies concluded that it’s “possibly or probably effective”___5___a treatment for depression.
tDCS equipment can stimulate particular brain regions either ‘anodally’ (increasing neuronal activity)___6___‘cathodally’ (decreasing neuronal activity). The Mindd headset applies anodal stimulation via electrodes in the headband to the frontal lobe, an area___7___decreased activity is associated with depressive disorders. Mindd is not intended as a DIY solution: patients would use it in___8___own homes, and all data regarding treatment would be sent automatically to their doctor.
The headband is___9___(current) undergoing clinical trials at Harvard Medical School, and at 12 hospitals in South Korea. Early results are said to be__10___(promise), and if all goes well, Ybrain hopes to market the device to health providers by 2019.
【答案与解析】
1. depression 考查名词。他们声称这种头巾可以减轻沮丧的症状。这里应该使用名词。所以，用depression。
2. using 考查非谓语动词。The device与use之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。所以，用using。
3. is applied 考查语态。a low-voltage electrical current与apply之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。所以，用is applied。
4. principles 考查名词。根据have been understood，可知这里需要使用名词复数形式。所以，用principles。
5. as 考查语义理解。表示“作为治疗沮丧的一种方法”，所以填as。
6. or 考查连词。‘anodally’ 与‘cathodally’ 之间是选择关系。所以，用or。
7. where 考查定语从句。______decreased activity is associated with depressive disorders. 是定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。
8. their 考查代词。病人们可以在他们自己的家里使用它。表示：他们的。所以，用their。
9. currently 考查副词。修饰动词undergoing，用副词，所以填currently。
10. promising 考查形容词。作be动词之后的表语，用形容词。所以，用promising。
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题二十一 语法填空（原卷版）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
高考英语语法填空的试题是在一篇短文或对话中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式。
考生需要灵活运用语法知识，比如：词性、时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等；考生需要判断各空格处应填写的内容。
具体考查形式有以下几种：
1. 给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；
2. 给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
3. 给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
4. 不给提示词，一般需要填写的是介词、连词、冠词和代词。
5. 给提示词，考查的是谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
一、无提示词类试题的解题技巧
1. 名词、代词、动名词前设空，首先考虑限定词与介词
在纯空格类试题中，如果在名词前设空，答案应首先考虑限定词与介词。限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、名词所有格、不定代词(no，some，any，one，each，every，either，neither，another，other等)
2. 及物动词后设空，首先考虑代词或名词
如果动词是及物动词，其后应跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，应首先考虑代词，尤其宾格代词，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或结合语境填人名词作它的宾语。
3. 平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配
语法填空中的一些纯空格题实际上考查的是习惯搭配。解决此类问题，考生需要注意平时积累一些常见的固定搭配和习惯用语，多阅读地道的英语文章，培养语感，这样在做题时就可以游刃有余，又快又好。
4. 掌握并列句和主从复合句的结构
若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，就必须要有连词，否则句子结构就不完整。接着通过判定从句类型来选择适当的连词。
5. 从属连词所引导的从句判定方法
1）从属连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用为定语从句：根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分来确定用何关系词。若在从句中做主语或宾语用关系代词，若作状语就用关系副词。
2）从属连词所引导的从句起名词的作用为名词性从句：根据名词性从句的连接词在从句中的意义和作什么句子成分，来确定用什么连接词。
3）如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起副词的作用为状语从句：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或连词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定合适的连词。
二、有提示词类试题的解题技巧
1. 形容词、名词后提示词为动词，首先考虑不定式
形容词后接不定式的情况比较常见，此时不定式作状语，表示原因、目的等。另外，形容词后接不定式时，不定式常用主动形式，其逻辑主语或宾语常为句子的主语。
2. 名词、代词后设空，提示词为动词时，注意时态、语态
名词、代词后给出的提示词是动词时，确定这个提示词是作谓语后，应需要注意动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系时动词就应用主动语态，是动宾关系时就应用被动语态。做题时还应注意根据文章所用的时态，选用恰当的时态。同时还要注意主谓一致问题。
3. 动词后设空，提示词为动词，首先考虑动词非谓语动词形式
空格前是动词的时候，空格处需要填的是提示词的非谓语动词形式。如果是物主代词或介词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑动词的名词形式或动名词形式。
4. 谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词时，首先考虑非谓语动词形式
如果句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，在谓语动词之后或之前设空，给出的提示词为动词时，应用非谓语动词形式。此时要注意所给动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。如果是主谓关系，要考虑用动词的现在分词形式；如果是动宾关系，要考虑用动词的过去分词形式；如果提示词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，要用分词的完成式。
5. be动词后设空，提示词为动词时，要考虑用提示词的形容词，现在分词或过去分词形式
如果语境表示动作正在进行，答案就应用动词的现在分词形式；如果语境表示动作被执行，答案应用动词的过去分词形式；如果两者都不是，就要考虑形容词作表语的情况。
6. 从属连词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑现在分词或过去分词，如表示将来时可考虑用不定式
状语从句的省略是高考考查的热点。从属连词后设空，且提示词为动词时，考生要考虑所给动词与其逻辑主语的关系。如果是主谓关系则应用现在分词；如果是动宾关系，则应用过去分词；如果表示将来的动作应用不定式。由when，while，as，until，if，as if，than等引导的状语从句有此省略用法。
7. 空格处的提示词为形容词、副词时，首先考虑比较级或最高级形式或者形容词的副词形式
在语法填空中，对形容词、副词的考查主要是指对形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的考查，因此要特别注意一些形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的不规则形式，如well／good→better →best；bad→worse→worst等。如果所给提示词为形容词，还要注意可能会用形容词的副词形式。
8. 动词前或后设空，提示词为形容词时，首先考虑副词形式
副词主要用来修饰动词。副词在句中的位置比较灵活，可位于动词之前也可以位于动词之后，因此如果动词前或后设空，提示词为形容词，首先考虑副词形式。需要注意形容词变为副词的变化规则。
9. 名词前设空且提示词为名词时，首先考虑该名词的形容词形式
名词前设空且提示词为名词时，此空多数情况下是作定语的，名词本身也可以作定语，但是填原形的可能性非常小，因此应首先考虑该词的形容词形式，这就要牢记形容词的一些常见后缀，如-ous，-al，-y，-tive，-ment等。
10. 形容词后设空，提示词是名词或动词，考虑名词或名词的单复数形式
空格之前是形容词，提示词是名词或者动词的时候，注意名词的单复数形式。
11. and或者or前后设空，答题时要注意前后一致
and和or为并列连词，它们前后的词的形式应是一致的，因此做语法填空时可根据这一特点来答题。
三、语法填空解题技巧
1. 给出动词基本形式 给出动词基本形式的时候，填写词性词形转化（转为名词、形容词），或填写谓语部分，或是非谓语动词。
2. 给出词语 给出词语的，需要注意词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的变化，名词的复数形式，
3. 给出形容词或者副词 给出形容词时，需要填写比较级、最高级或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词。
4. 不给出词语 不给出词语的时候，填写限定词。如：冠词、人称代词主格、宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式；形容词性的物主代词或some，any，other，another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，如：序数词、形容词最高级等，其前用定冠词。
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 全国乙卷）
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61 ___(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___ (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___ 64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of ___67___ (visit) the place.
Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
Provide ___68___ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. ___69___ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ___70___ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
2.（2021年高考 全国甲卷）
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ____41____ (build) originally to protect the city ____42____ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ____43____ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ____44____ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ____45____ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ____46____ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ____47____ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ____48____ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ____49____ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
3.（2021年高考 新高考Ⅰ卷）
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ____64____(I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
4.（2020年高考 全国II卷）
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a __61＿（celebrate） marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___（carry） special significance. They represent the earth __63＿（come） back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more __64＿ than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times __65__（decorate）with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. __66＿ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated __67＿ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy __ 68___（care）for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___69___(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ___70___ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
5.（模拟练习-1）
As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving___1___(steady) through the air, and although the passengers___2___(fasten) their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess presented. She looked very pale,___3___was quite calm. Speaking quickly and almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that__4___pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines. After a moment's__5___(hesitate), a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin. Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that___6___(send) by radio from the airport below. To everyone's relief, the plane,_7___was dangerously close to the ground at the moment, soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times to become familiar___8___the controls of the plane. The critical moment came when he had to land. The man,___9___(follow) the instructions, guided the plane toward the airfield, and it___10___(land) safely after a long run along the runway.
6.（模拟练习-2）
Beijing opera or Peking opera is a form of Chinese opera __1___( combine ) music, vocal performances, dance and so on. It ___2___ (arise) in the late 18th century and became ___3___ (full) developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in __4___ Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the ___5___ (culture) treasures of China. Major performance troupes (剧团，戏班子）are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. Also ___6___ (preserve) in Taiwan, the art form is still of great importance to people there.
___7___ (perform) of Peking opera use the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive. Above all else, the skill of performers ___8___ (evaluate) according to the beauty of their movements. The music of Beijing opera can be divided ___9___ the Xipi and Erhuang styles. The repertoire (全部曲目）of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works, ___10___ characters are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.
7.（模拟练习-3）
Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a ___1___ (total) different country If so, then you are a third-culture kid.
The term “third—culture kid” ___2___ (use)in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while ___3___ (research)North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit from ___4___ (they)intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.
Yet many ___5___ (difficulty)may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely ___6___ their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard ___7___ (develop)new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often easier to move to a new country ___8___ to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country ___9___ she was born. She didn’t know anything about current TV shows ___10___ fashion trends . And she didn’t share the same values as other teens of her age.
8.（模拟练习-4）
A South Korean biomedical start-up called Ybrain has developed a headband that they claim will offer relief from the symptoms of___1___(depress). The device, called Mindd, works___2___(use) a technique called transcranial direct-current stimulation(tDCS). Here, a low-voltage electrical current___3___(apply) to specific areas in the brain via electrodes(电极) placed on the skull.
tDCS is not new-the basic___4___(principle) have been understood since the early 19th century. But the past decade or so has seen increased interest in its use in treating neurological and psychiatric conditions, and a 2016 meta-analysis of hundreds of studies concluded that it’s “possibly or probably effective”___5___a treatment for depression.
tDCS equipment can stimulate particular brain regions either ‘anodally’ (increasing neuronal activity)___6___‘cathodally’ (decreasing neuronal activity). The Mindd headset applies anodal stimulation via electrodes in the headband to the frontal lobe, an area___7___decreased activity is associated with depressive disorders. Mindd is not intended as a DIY solution: patients would use it in___8___own homes, and all data regarding treatment would be sent automatically to their doctor.
The headband is___9___(current) undergoing clinical trials at Harvard Medical School, and at 12 hospitals in South Korea. Early results are said to be__10___(promise), and if all goes well, Ybrain hopes to market the device to health providers by 2019.
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