中考英语二轮专题复习课件——定语从句(共94张PPT)

(共94张PPT)
定语从句
I’m Bear Brown.
I’m a brown bear.
brown
I’m a brown bear.
定语的定义
brown
定语
定语
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。
定义
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式 （短语）、分词、定语从句等…相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
种类
前 置 定 语
当定语放在所修饰名词的前面，我们称之为前置定语。
一般情况下，形容词、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词作定语，都是前置定语。
例如：a red flower
a living elephant
a tired engineer
a barking dog
后 置 定 语
当定语放在所修饰名词的后面，我们称之为后置定语。
一般情况下，一些有前缀或者后缀的形容词、修饰不定代词的形容词、形容词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式以及介词短语等作定语，都是后置定语。
后 置 定 语
1. 形容词作后置定语（a-）
一些以a为词首的形容词作定语时，需要后置。
例：The girl asleep soundly is my younger sister.
He is the greatest writer alive.
以a为首做后置定语的形容词还有：
alone, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awake 等。
后 置 定 语
1. 形容词作后置定语（a-）
一些以a为词首的形容词作定语时，需要后置。
以a为首做后置定语的形容词还有：
alone, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awake 等。
但若这些词有一个状语修饰，则可以前置。
例：the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子们
the wide awake patient 完全醒着的病人
a somewhat afraid soldier 一个有点惊恐的士兵
后 置 定 语
2. 形容词作后置定语（-able, -ible)
一些以后缀-able 和-ible 结尾的形容词，在意义上有强烈的谓语色彩和被动意义时，也往往后置。
例：He is the only person reliable.
I know the actor suitable for the part.
后 置 定 语
3. 形容词修饰不定代词
例：I'd like something cheaper.
There is something strange in the sky.
She doesn't like eating anything sweet.
后 置 定 语
4. 形容词短语作后置定语
例：He looked at the street full of cars.
He is a worker worthy of praise.
Hangzhou is a city famous for the West Lake.
后 置 定 语
5. 副词作后置定语
副词做定语时一般放在名词之后，在意义上表示时间、地点等。
例：The weather here is very nice.
The building around are mostly of modern
constructions.
后 置 定 语
6. 现在分词短语作后置定语
现在分词短语做定语时，一定放在被修饰成分的后面，构成后置定语。例：
They built a highway leading into the mountains.
We met a group of pupils returning from school.
现在分词短语做后置定语，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。但在转换时，要注意动词的主语和时态。
后 置 定 语
7. 过去分词短语作后置定语
过去分词短语做后置定语时，表示被动意义、完成意义或状态意义。
What's the language spoken in that area
Is there anything planned for tonight
后 置 定 语
8. 动词不定式(to do sth.)作后置定语
动词不定式做后置定语与被修饰成分之间表示不同的语义关系。
1）表示动宾关系
做修饰语的动词不定式为逻辑谓语，被修饰的名词为动词不定式的直接宾语。例如：
I have a lot of work to do today.
He had a big family to support.
后 置 定 语
8. 动词不定式(to do sth.)作后置定语
2）表示主谓关系
被修饰的名词表示逻辑主语，修饰它的动词不定式结构表示逻辑谓语。例如：
Among the men to take part in the work, he is probably the most active.
He's always the first to come.
后 置 定 语
8. 动词不定式(to do sth.)作后置定语
3）表示修饰关系
动词不定式对其修饰的成分起一种描绘阐述作用。例如：
It's already time to start planting trees.
He had no chance to go to school in those years.
后 置 定 语
8. 动词不定式(to do sth.) 作后置定语
4）表示同位关系
不定式和被修饰的名词处于平行关系，只对其起一种解说作用。例如：
Soon came the order to start the general attack.
We got no instructions to leave the city.
后 置 定 语
9. 动词不定式复合结构 (for sb. to do sth.)作后置定语
动词不定式复合结构做后置定语和动词不定式短语一样，均只能放在被修饰成分后面，做后置定语。例如：
He bought a house for his children to live in.
It's difficult for us to get there on time.
后 置 定 语
10. 介词短语作后置定语
介词短语做后置修饰语，在意义上表示时间、地点、范围、类别、来源、动宾、同位等语义关系。例如：
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Sanya. （地点）
People in the world play basketball. （范围）
His love for his country is very great. （动宾）
The city of New York is very large. （同位）
找出定语
I’m a cute bear.
cute
形容词前置
I’m a bear standing on a ball.
standing on a ball
现在分词短语后置
I like potato chips.
potato
名词作定语
I’m a bear in a hoodie.
介词短语后置
in a hoodie
数词前置
I have a lot of friends.
a lot of
找出定语
I’m Bear Brown who has a lot of friends.
who has a lot of friends
定语从句后置
This bear is Brown.
The bear is sitting in front of the fridge.
The bear who is sitting in front of the fridge is Brown.
定语从句
定语从句
THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSE
CHAPTER 1
基本概念和引导词
在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
结构：先行词+引导词+从句
定语从句
先行词
引导词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。
引导词又称为关系词。
分关系代词和关系副词。
作用：
1. 引导定语从句；
2. 在从句中作一个成分；
3.代替先行词在从句中的位置。
关系代词在从句中充当主语或者宾语。
关系代词后的谓语动词，即从句的谓语动词，应与主句的主语保持一致。
主要有以下几个词：
who, that, whom, whose, which
关系代词
关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语/宾语
that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
whose 人/物 定语
附：关系代词使用表
注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
词汇辨析
关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
例：I met a girl ___ knew your sister.
主句
先行词
从句
关系词作主语
who
词汇辨析
关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
例：I met a girl ____ I want to marry.
主句
先行词
从句
关系词
作宾语
whom
who
不填
注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
词汇辨析
The person to ______ I complained is the manager.
用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who或that代之。如：
The person ______ I complained to is the manager.
whom
whom
who
that
/
The person is the manager.
I complained to the person.
词汇辨析
遇到以下情况只能用who，不能用that。
1. 当先行词是one，ones，anyone，those时，只能用who
God helps those who help themselves.
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
Those who have any difficulties with pronunciation should practice.
2. 当先行词是人称代词时，只能用who
Brown, there is a fancy dress party in our school next week. Let's go and prepare for it.
Sure, we must be the students who are the most special ones in the party.
特色面具
请帮Cony及她的朋友们选择合适的面具吧！
whom
The boy __________ is handsome is Brown.
who
特色面具
All the children like the teacher with ___________
Mr. Green work.
who
请帮Cony及她的朋友们选择合适的面具吧！
whom
特色面具
Those __________don't forget why they start can
accomplish their mission.
that
请帮Cony及她的朋友们选择合适的面具吧！
who
特色面具
The giraffe ___________ is eating the tree leaves is called Jenny.
that
请帮Cony及她的朋友们选择合适的面具吧！
whom
词汇辨析
关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分
which 物 主语/宾语
that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
注：一般在先行词为物体的时候，that和which都可以互换。
主句
先行词
从句
关系词
作主语
例：She was not on the train _____ arrived just now.
which
that
词汇辨析
关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分
which 物 主语/宾语
that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
主句
先行词
从句
关系词
作宾语
例：Is this the book _____ you are looking for
which
不填
that
用 法 区 别
1. 当先行词是anything，everything，nothing（something除外），few，all，none，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等修饰时：
Have you take down everything (that) Mr. Li said
All that can be done has been done.
There is little (that) I can do for you.
Any man that/who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。
用 法 区 别
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
This is the very good book I want to buy.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：
4. 当先行词被the very/only/same/last 修饰时：
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。
用 法 区 别
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。
5. 当先行词前有who,which等疑问代词时：
Who is the man that is standing there
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me the most
6. 当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时：
7. 当先行词在定语从句中做表语时：
用 法 区 别
在下列情况下，关系词只能用which。
1. 介词前置时，关系代词只能用which：
It is a tool with which we can open a can.
She failed the exam, which made her parents very angry.
My glasses, without which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用which
Who is the man __________teaches you English
请帮Cony及Choco选择合适的配饰吧！
精致配饰
Internet is so interesting,
_________makes all
possible happen.
which
that
The key with ________ to open the door has been lost.
请帮Cony及Choco选择合适的配饰吧！
精致配饰
Is there anything
____________ I can do for
you
which
that
This is the most important thing ___________I want to do.
请帮Cony及Choco选择合适的配饰吧！
精致配饰
He invited us to dinner,
__________was very
kind of him.
which
that
词汇辨析
关系代词 先行词 在定从中成分
whose 人/物 定语
主句
先行词
从句
关系词
作定语
whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词为所属关系，可以指人也可以指物，可以与of which和of whom互换使用。
例：This is the man _____ job is a car engineer.
whose
用of... 改写句子帮助他们赢得购物折扣券。
巧取折扣
I saw some trees, whose leaves were black in disease.
I saw some trees, the leaves of which were black in disease.
用of... 改写句子帮助他们赢得购物折扣券。
巧取折扣
Mr. King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
Mr. King, the legs of whom were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
用of... 改写句子帮助他们赢得购物折扣券。
巧取折扣
The baby whose eyes are blue is so cute.
The baby, the eyes of whom are blue, is so cute.
关系副词
关系副词在从句中引导时间状语从句。
关系副词=介词+关系代词。
主要有以下几个词：
where (=in/at/on which)
when (=on/during/in which)
why (=for which)
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
where 地点 地点状语
when 时间 时间状语
why 原因 原因状语
附：关系代词使用表
关系副词where
where在定语从句中作地点状语。
关系副词 先行词 句中成分 介词＋关系代词
where 地点 地点状语 in / from which
主句
先行词
从句
作状语
例: Shanghai is the city where I was born.
改: Shanghai is the city in which I was born.
关系副词where
where在定语从句中作地点状语。
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
where 地点 地点状语
主句
先行词
从句
作状语
例: The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
主句
改: The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
关系副词when
when在定语从句中作时间状语。
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
when 时间 时间状语
主句
先行词
从句
作状语
例: The time when we got together finally came.
主句
改: The time at which we got together finally came.
when在定语从句中时间状语。
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
when 时间 时间状语
主句
先行词
从句
作状语
例: I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
关系副词when
改: I still remember the day on which I first came to the school.
关系副词why
why在定语从句中作原因状语。
关系副词 先行词 句中成分
why 原因 原因状语
主句
先行词
从句
作状语
例: Please tell me the reason why you are late.
改: Please tell me the reason for which you are late.
请帮Sally及朋友们搭配服装吧！
服装搭配
This is the town ________ I was born.
which
where
请帮Sally及朋友们搭配服装吧！
服装搭配
This is the town ________ I visited last week.
which
where
请帮Sally及朋友们搭配服装吧！
服装搭配
I will never forget the day ________ I came to the school.
which
when
请帮Sally及朋友们搭配服装吧！
服装搭配
I will never forget the day ________ I spent with you.
which
when
请帮Sally及朋友们搭配服装吧！
服装搭配
This is the reason _______ he was late.
which
why
请帮Sally及朋友们搭配服装吧！
服装搭配
The reason _______ he explained is not true.
which
why
介词+关系代词
“介词+关系代词” 结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构：
1. 介词+whom/which
The woman general still can remenber the day on which she joined the army.
2. 介词短语+whom/which
The man has a house, in front of which is the sea.
3. 不定代词或/数词 +whom/which
China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.
4. 名词 + of which
She mentioned a magazine, the title of which I have written on my notebook.
介词的选用
1. 选用介词时要注意与先行词的搭配
I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.
I will never forget the days during which I worked in the school.
I will never forget the year in which my son went to college.
I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, by which most people had had supper.
介词的选用
2. 选用介词时要注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯
Have you found the book for which I paid 29 dollars
Have you found the book on which I spent 29 dollars
Have you found the book from which we learnt a lot
Have you found the book about which she often talks
Choco 需要一条星型项链。请帮帮她吧！
心灵手巧
1. Do you know who lives in the building ____ there is a well
A.in front of it B. in front of whose
C.in front of which D.in front which
2.I’ll never forget the day ____ I joined the League.
A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which
3.The woman ____ my brother spoke just now is my teacher.
A. who B. to whom C. to who D. whom
4. Jeanne was her old friend, ____ she borrowed a necklace.
A.from who B.from whom C. to that D. to whom
C
A
B
B
心灵手巧
心灵手巧
5. His glasses, ______ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg.
A.which B.with which C.without which D.that
6. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _____ much can be learned.
A.who B.that C. from which D.from whom
7.He built a telescope _____ he could study the skies.
A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it
8. Do you know the reason ____ he was late
A.that B.which C.for what D.for which
C
D
C
D
心灵手巧
心灵手巧
定语从句
THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSE
CHAPTER 2
定从的分类
是指先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。
如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。
这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明。
如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。
这种从句，写时往往用逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
1. 从句修饰先行词，关系词在从句中做成分，且在从句中作宾语时可以省略；
I'll never forget the day (that) we spent together.
2. 可以用that引导；
That is the very tool that are looking for.
3.省去定从则句子意思不完整。
限制性定语从句
1. 从句修饰先行词或者前面的整个句子，或其中一部分。
He suddenly fell ill, which kept him from school.
2. 不可以用that引导，主句和从句要用逗号隔开；
His dog, which he liked very much, died yesterday.
3.从句只是作为主句意义的补充，可以省去。
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。
as which
位置 句首、句中、句末 常在主句之后
修饰内容 先行词或主句 主句
as引导非限定从时应被译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。　
如：as is known, as is said,
as is reported, as is often the case,
as is expected
As引导的非限定从
Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
He didn't come to attend the meeting, as is expected.
as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。
as which
位置 句首、句中、句末 常在主句之后
修饰内容 先行词或主句 主句
注：蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。
which引导的非限定从
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
My son now goes to the school, which I used to go to when I was a child.
as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。
as which
位置 句首、句中、句末 常在主句之后
修饰内容 先行词或主句 主句
注：蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。
1. ______ was natural,he married Jenny.
A.Which B.That C.This D.As
2.Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______ Greek letters.
A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is
3.I passed him a large glass of whisky, _____ he
drank immediately .
A.that B.as C.which D.who
4.She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows.
A.that B.which C.who D.as
选 择 填 空
D
A
C
D
定语从句
THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSE
CHAPTER 3
定从和其他句型转换
定从和非谓语动词
现在分词 过去分词
从句谓语形式 主动 被动
定语与被修饰词的关系 主谓 动宾
1. There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China.
There are lots of good English programmes _______________ on TV or the radio in China.
2. At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices.
At one time there were long queues of people ______________ outside the CAAC offices.
broadcast
waiting
定从和并列句
是否有连词是区分关键。
1. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________ there is a pair of glasses.
The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, and on his nose there is a pair of glasses.
2.The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its door to China on November 10, _____ a 15-year wait.
A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends
whom
C
定从和状从
状从的that在从句中不做成分，仅作连词使用。
This is such a big stone _______ no one can lift it.
定从的as在从句中需做成分使用（主宾表）
This is such a big stone _______ no one can lift.
Please put the letter in the drawer __________ he can easily find it.
Please put the letter _________ he can easily find it.
先练手，再分辨
that
as
where
where
定
状
1. You may stay __________ you like.
2. We put the corn __________ the birds could find it easily.
3. I'd like you to take my picture ________ stands the ancient tower.
4. I've never been to _______ my grandfather was born.
A. which B. in which C. where D that
定从和状从
where
where
where
C
定从和强调句
强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分
去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。
1. It is in this room ______ I lived last year.
It is the room _______ I lived last year.
2. It was at seven o'clock ________ he went to school this morning.
It was seven o'clock _______ he went to school this morning.
先分辨，再作答
that
where
that
when
强
定
强
定
合并句子，帮助他们换装吧。
整理换装
We're looking for a thief.
The thief stole a wallet.
We're looking for a thief who/that stole a wallet.
合并句子，帮助他们换装吧。
整理换装
He can't find the place.
He lived in the place forty years ago.
He can't find the place where/in which he lived forty years ago.
合并句子，帮助他们换装吧。
整理换装
The boy is Nicky.
The boy's parents have been dead.
The boy whose parents have been dead is Nicky.
舞会时间
A. Is this the factory_____ you visited last year
B. Is this factory ____ you visited last year
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
A
D
舞会时间
A. Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who____ working
in China.
B. Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigner
who____working in China.
A. is
B. have
C. has
D. are
D
A
舞会时间
A. All ____ I need is a good rest.
B. ____ I need is a good rest.
A. What
B. All what
C.that
D. which
C
A
舞会时间
A. Don't discuss questions such _____those.
B. Let's discuss only the questions ______ we are interested in.
A. which
B. that
C. as
D. about which
C
B
舞会时间
A.This is the place ____ we visited last year.
B.This is the place ____ we worked last year.
A. which
B. that
C. as
D. about which
A
B
舞会时间
A.Pisa is a city, ___ has a leaning tower.
B.Pisa is a city, ____ there is a leaning tower.
A. which
B. that
C. there
D. where
A
D
舞会时间
A.He told us the news, ______makes us very excited.
B.He has brought us the news ____our team has won the game.
A. which
B. that
C. as
D. where
A
B
舞会时间
A. It is in a box _______I have hidden my money.
B. We'll go _______ we are needed.
A. that
B. in which
C. where
D. in it
A
C
Practice makes perfect！