【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版) 22 短文改错(原卷版+答案+解析卷)

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名称 【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版) 22 短文改错(原卷版+答案+解析卷)
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更新时间 2022-04-18 09:00:42

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【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题二十二 短文改错(解析卷)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
高考英语短文改错部分的考点主要是对词法、句法和语篇的测试这三个层面。通过短文改错的测试,可以了解考生对英语语言的运用能力,特别是通过对语篇层次的测试可以测试出考生对文章是否能全面理解。
1.词法改错 定冠词和不定冠词的用法;名词的单复数和名词的所有格;动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。
2.句法改错 主谓语在数上的一致性;名词性从句、定语从句和强调句;句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。
3.语篇改错 上下文的时态是否一致;上下文中的代词指代的是否一致;上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。
所以,要求考生需要对词法与句法等语言知识全面掌握,学会通过上下文语境正确理解全文。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
一、考查对错误的识别与改正能力
1. 对名词错误的识别与改正能力
名词的常见错误:单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用;名词所有格的误用。
2. 对冠词错误的识别与改正能力
冠词常见错误:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
3. 对代词错误的识别与改正能力
代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。
4. 对形容词词错误的识别与改正能力
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);形容词、副词 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词), 形容词、副词比较等级错误。
5. 对动词时态错误的识别与改正能力
1)一般现在时与一般过去时错用;
2)and前后动词时态不一致;
3)主谓不一致;
4)缺少动词,特别是be动词;
4)第三人称单数形式错用;
6)主动语态和被动语态错用。
6. 对非谓语动词错误的识别与改正能力
1)不定式、动名词做主语、宾语时的情况;
2)and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时) 的情况;
3)介词后用动名词形式作宾语的情况;
4)某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式的情况。
7. 对连词错误的识别与改正能力
连词错误常见于:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系:who /whom /whose /what /which /how /why /when /where /if /whether等。
8. 对介词错误的识别与改正能力
介词错误主要有:多用、少用、误用介词、介词后面人称代词属格错误、介词后面非谓语形式错误。
9. 对定语从句、名词性从句错误的识别与改正能力
主要错误:引导从句的关系代词、关系副词;名词性从句的引导词误用。
二、短文改错解题技巧
1. 通读全文 认真阅读短文,弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下逻辑关系,对文章进行逐字逐句的分析,检查句子的结构完整性,语气是否连贯,启承转合是否符合文意等。
2. 综合运用 运用所学的语言知识,根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。
3. 验证答案 改完后,一定要回都重读一篇全文,查看改过后是否能使语气通顺,时态一致,合乎逻辑。通过再次通读可以再初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力,仔细推敲,使答案更加准确。
短文改错口诀:
动词形,名词数;还要注意形和副;非谓语,细辨别;句子成份多分析。
代词格,细领悟 介词短语要牢记;冠词连词常光顾;逻辑错误须关注。
【强化训练】
1.(2021年高考 全国乙卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加,删除或修改。
  增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
  删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
  修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
  注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
   2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案与解析】
1. dish →dishes 考查名词单复数。句意:饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。
2. tidying →tidy 考查动词。句意:我也给院子里的花浇水,必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以及并列连词and可知,此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知,句子要使用一般现在时。主语第一人称I,谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。
3. whatever →whenever 考查连词。句意:我也给院子里的花浇水,必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知,此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”,所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。
4. benefit a lot doing →benefit a lot from doing 考查介词。句意:在我看来,学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“benefit......from...... ”译为“从……中获益”。故在doing前加from。
5. was →is 考查时态。句意:首先,做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据全文时态可知,本文陈述客观事实需要用一般现在时。主语doing housework为单数,谓语也用单数。故将was改为is。
6. are 删除 考查动词。句意:同时,这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情,改善了家庭关系。根据句意可知,此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”,动词like译为“喜欢”满足句意;所以动词like前的系动词are多余。故删去are。
7. most →more 考查固定搭配。句意:此外,做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定短语“what’s more”译为“此外”。故将most改为more。
8. mentally →mental 考查形容词。句意:同时,这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的。
事情,改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。
9. our →my 考查人称代词。句意:这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知,此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。
0. hopes →hope 考查祈使句。句意:希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!分析句子结构可知,此处为祈使句,所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。
2.(2021年高考 全国甲卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作业,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are:Who will you go in times of trouble Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
【答案与解析】
1. are →is 考查主谓一致。句意:其中的一个问题是:你遇到麻烦时会去找谁?one of the +名词复数,意为“……之一”,为单数含义,所以其后的系动词应用单数。结合句意,此处指问卷调查中的一个问题,所以为客观事实,时态用一般现在时。故are改为is。
2. go后加to 考查固定结构。句意同上。短语go to sb.“求助于某人”相当于短语turn to sb. for help。故go后加to。
3. friend →friends 考查名词复数。句意:许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲,因为他们是同龄人,能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词,结合句中their,所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。
4. 删除turn后的out 考查固定短语。句意:一些说他们会向他们的父母或老师求助。固定短语turn to sb. for help,意为“向某人求助”,所以此处删除介词out。故删除turn后的out。
5. little →few 考查代词。句意:只有一些人选择自己解决问题。结合上文“Many students say...”及“Some will turn...”可知,此处指一些学生。student为可数名词,应用a few代指。a little通常代指不可数名词。故little改为few。
6.our →their 考查代词。句意同上。短语on one’s own,意为“独自”,结合句意可知,此处指学生们独自完成,所以要用代词their。故our改为their。
7. talk→talking 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.,意为“不喜欢做某事”,doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
8. kept →keep 考查时态。句意:他们很自闭。结合前文可知,文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。
9. where →when/whenever 考查连词。句意:在我看来,当我们有麻烦时(无论什么时候我们有麻烦时),我们应该从我们最相信的人们那里寻求帮助。分析可知,本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主句为we should seek help...,从句表示的含义为无论什么时候我们有麻烦或者当我们有麻烦时,所以应用when/whenever引导。故where改为when/whenever。
10. mostly →most 考查副词。句意同上。副词mostly,意为“大多数”;most意为“最”,此处指最相信的人,指程度。故mostly改为most。
3.(2020年高考 新课标II卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. I’m surely you’ll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day. Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.
【答案与解析】
1. what →which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:谢谢你的来信,你的信真正让我开心。分析句子,逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词your letter,关系词在从句中做主语,指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.
2. come后加to 考查固定搭配。句意:我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。分析句子,此处come为不及物动词,后接宾语是需加相应介词。come to 译为“来到”是故定短语。故在come 和China之间加to。
3. surely →sure 考查形容词。句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
4. start →started 考查时态。句意:事实上,我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子,此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候,动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
5. for →but / yet 考查连词。句意:但我早就不练习了。分析句子,此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”,后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but / yet。
6. vacations →vacation 考查不可数名词。句意:幸运的是,两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子,vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词,后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
7. such →so 考查副词。句意:然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它,这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子,此处应表示“以便;所以”。故将such改为so.
8. 去掉on 考查介词。句意:我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为:每一天,前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余,应去掉。
9. yours →your / you 考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
10. sooner →soon 考查固定短语。句意:希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”,是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
4.(2020年高考 新课标III卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us. For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples. I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
【答案与解析】
1. concerning →concerned 考查固定短语。句意:我的妈妈真的关心我们家庭里每个人的健康。be concerned with关心,该短语是固定短语,所以concerning改成concerned。
2. families →family 考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时,是集合名词,这里表示“我们一个家庭”,所以用单数,families改成family。
3. surely →sure 考查固定短语。句意:为了确保我们所有人身体好,她为我们制定了特殊的计划。 make sure确保,该短语是固定短语,所以surely改成sure。
4. 去掉and 考查简单句。句意同上。这是一个简单句,前面in order to…作目 状语,不用连词and,所以去掉and。
5. the →a 考查冠词。句意:例如:每天早晨,我的父亲不得不喝一碗鸡蛋汤,然而,我不得不吃一个苹果。泛指“一碗鸡蛋汤”,bowl以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,所以the改成a。
6. had →have 考查时态。根据时间状语every morning,可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情,用一般现在时,主语为I,谓语动词要用原形。所以had改成have。
7. don’t →doesn’t 考查主谓一致。句意:我爸爸不喜欢汤,我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情,用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,所以don’t改成doesn’t。
8. forced 后面加to 考查固定句型。句意:我告诉我妈妈,如果我们被迫吃东西,我们可能会生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事,所以forced 后面加to。
9. he →she 考查代词。句意:但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”,是女性,所以he改成she。
10. what →that 考查定语从句。句意:出于对妈妈好意的理解,我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句,先行词是all the food,关系词在从句中做主语,指物,可用that或which,先行词被all所修饰,只能使用that,不能使用which,且what不能引导定语从句,所以what改成that。
5.(2020年高考 新课标I卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it.
First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. “Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished.
【答案与解析】
1. simply →simple 考查形容词。句意:今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知,此处应用形容词作定语。
2. frying →fried 考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语。
3. 将to去掉 考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词,后接动词原形,to多余。
4. preparing →prepare 考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,how+不定式作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形。
5. but →and 考查连词。句意:首先我把西红柿切成块,并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系,用and连接。
6. chopstick →chopsticks 考查名词复数。句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现。
7. off →on 考查介词。句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅,然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处应使用短语turn on。
8. unless →until/till 考查连词。句意:我耐心等待,直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热,应使用until/till引导时间状语从句。
9. pan前加the 考查冠词。句意:然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan,所以其前应加定冠词the。
10. us →me 考查代词。句意:不是那样。我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指:妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格。
6.(模拟练习-1)
Last week I went to visit my former neighbor, Mr. Yang. He and I used to living next to each other for many years. About half a year ago, news came which the old building, along with many other similar ones, were going to be pulled down to make a room for a main street. So they had to move apart. Mr. Yang now lives in the suburbs near a beautifully park. His apartment is much big than before. The only problem is that it took quite a long time to get to the downtown area. Therefore, Mr. Yang doesn’t seem to worry about the long distance. He says that a new subway line will be built in a few years and he is sure life will be better in the future.
【答案与解析】
1. living →live 考查固定搭配。动词短语used to do sth过去常常做某事;used to后面接动词原形。故将living改为live。
2. which →that 考查名词性从句。本句是一个同位语从句。连接词that引导同位语从句解释名词order的内容,在句中不充当任何成份。故将which改为that。
3. were →was 考查主谓一致。主语news是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故将were改为was。
4. make a room去掉a 考查固定搭配。make room for为固定搭配。故将make a room去掉a。
5. they →we 考查代词。本句中we指代“我们”,因为房子被拆掉了,所以我们不得不分开。故将they改为we。
6. beautifully →beautiful 考查形容词。形容词修饰名词。故将beautifully改为beautiful。
7. big →bigger 考查形容词比较级。后面有介词than,前面有much修饰,说明本句应该使用比较级bigger的形式。故将big改为bigger。
8. took →takes 考查时态。本句话是一般现在时的时态,且主语是第三人称单数it,所以谓语部分使用takes。故将took改为takes。
9. Therefore →However 考查副词辨析。 唯一的问题是到时去要花很多时间,然而他似乎一点也不担心。上下文之间存在着转折关系,故使用however表示转折关系。故将Therefore改为However。
10. and后加that 考查宾语从句。当动词后面有多个宾语从句的时候,第一个that可以省略,第二个that是不能省略的。所以本句中第二个that不省略。故在and后加that。
7.(模拟练习-2)
There are many problems when I am abroad lonely, especially when I am in the Czech Republic, its official is not English. So the first big problem is language. Many Czech people don't speak English. So I have to learn the Czech. It’s very challenging although there are seven cases for grammar. In the beginning, I can’t understand the rules at all. But little by little, I remembered it and learned how to speak Czech proper. The second problem is making friend. At school, I was often ignoring, while many of my classmates gathered together and chatted each other. However, I tried to talk to everyone I met and went out with them on weekends. Now I have many good friends.
【答案与解析】
1. lonely →alone 考查形容词。句意:当我独自在国外时,有很多麻烦事。lonely孤独的,寂寞的;alone单独的,独自的,故将lonely改为alone。
2. its →whose 考查关系代词。句中Czech Republic后面是逗号,不是并列句,它是先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中做定语,故将its改为whose。
3. 去掉Czech前the 考查冠词。句意:我必须学捷克语。故Czech前去掉the。
4. although →because/as/since 考查连词。句意:这是非常有挑战性的,因为有七个语法案例。根据句意可知此处是原因状语从句,故将although改为because/as/since。
5. can’t →couldn’t 考查时态。句意:开始我一点也不知道语法规则。根据句意可知用一般过去时态,故将 can’t改为couldn’t 。
6. it →them 考查代词。句意:我渐渐地学会了这些规则。故用them代替the rules,把 it改为them。
7. proper →properly 考查副词。副词修饰动词,故将proper改为properly。
8. friend改为friends 考查名词。句意:第二个麻烦是交朋友。make friends交朋友,故将friend改为friends。
9. ignoring →ignored 考查语态。句意:在学校,我经常被忽视。句子用被动语态,故将ignoring改为ignored。
10. 在chatted后加with 考查介词。句意:互相聊天。chat with sb.与某人聊天,故在chatted后加with。
8.(模拟练习-3)
Yesterday I went to see a film with my best friend. We set off at 1:30 in the afternoon and plan to arrive at the cinema before 2:30 so that we could watch the 3:15 show. The traffic was terrible bad. That made it even worse was that our bus broke up on the way. They stopped a taxi but rushed to the cinema, arriving ten minutes before the show. “Two ticket for 3:15,” Kate said, put the money on the courier. The film started at the moment we sat down in the cinema. It was an exciting film and we had great time yesterday afternoon.
【答案与解析】
1. plan → planned 考查时态。发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,故将plan 改为 planned。
2. terrible →terribly 考查副词。修饰形容词bad,用副词,故将terrible 改为 terribly。
3. That → What 考查主语从句。what made it even worse是一个主语从句,引导词在从句中做主语, 故将That 改为 What。
4. up → down 考查固定用法。更糟糕的是我们的公共汽车在路上坏了。break down发生故障,是固定用法,故将up 改为 down。
5. They → We 考查代词。我们拦了一辆出租车,并且慌忙冲向电影院。故将They 改为 We。
6. but → and 考查连词。我们拦了一辆出租车,并且慌忙冲向电影院。表示并列关系,故将but 改为 and。
7. ticket → tickets 考查名词单复数。被Two修饰,所以用复数,故将ticket改为 tickets。
8. put →putting 考查非谓语动词。put与其逻辑主语Kate之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词,故将put 改为 putting。
9. 去掉 at 考查固定词组。我们刚一坐下,电影就开始了。the moment表示“一……就……”,故去掉 at。
10. had 后加 a 考查固定词组。have a great time玩得高兴,是固定词组,故将had 后加 a。
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题二十二 短文改错(原卷版)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
高考英语短文改错部分的考点主要是对词法、句法和语篇的测试这三个层面。通过短文改错的测试,可以了解考生对英语语言的运用能力,特别是通过对语篇层次的测试可以测试出考生对文章是否能全面理解。
1.词法改错 定冠词和不定冠词的用法;名词的单复数和名词的所有格;动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。
2.句法改错 主谓语在数上的一致性;名词性从句、定语从句和强调句;句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。
3.语篇改错 上下文的时态是否一致;上下文中的代词指代的是否一致;上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。
所以,要求考生需要对词法与句法等语言知识全面掌握,学会通过上下文语境正确理解全文。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
一、考查对错误的识别与改正能力
1. 对名词错误的识别与改正能力
名词的常见错误:单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用;名词所有格的误用。
2. 对冠词错误的识别与改正能力
冠词常见错误:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
3. 对代词错误的识别与改正能力
代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。
4. 对形容词词错误的识别与改正能力
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);形容词、副词 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词), 形容词、副词比较等级错误。
5. 对动词时态错误的识别与改正能力
1)一般现在时与一般过去时错用;
2)and前后动词时态不一致;
3)主谓不一致;
4)缺少动词,特别是be动词;
4)第三人称单数形式错用;
6)主动语态和被动语态错用。
6. 对非谓语动词错误的识别与改正能力
1)不定式、动名词做主语、宾语时的情况;
2)and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时) 的情况;
3)介词后用动名词形式作宾语的情况;
4)某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式的情况。
7. 对连词错误的识别与改正能力
连词错误常见于:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系:who /whom /whose /what /which /how /why /when /where /if /whether等。
8. 对介词错误的识别与改正能力
介词错误主要有:多用、少用、误用介词、介词后面人称代词属格错误、介词后面非谓语形式错误。
9. 对定语从句、名词性从句错误的识别与改正能力
主要错误:引导从句的关系代词、关系副词;名词性从句的引导词误用。
二、短文改错解题技巧
1. 通读全文 认真阅读短文,弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下逻辑关系,对文章进行逐字逐句的分析,检查句子的结构完整性,语气是否连贯,启承转合是否符合文意等。
2. 综合运用 运用所学的语言知识,根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。
3. 验证答案 改完后,一定要回都重读一篇全文,查看改过后是否能使语气通顺,时态一致,合乎逻辑。通过再次通读可以再初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力,仔细推敲,使答案更加准确。
短文改错口诀:
动词形,名词数;还要注意形和副;非谓语,细辨别;句子成份多分析。
代词格,细领悟 介词短语要牢记;冠词连词常光顾;逻辑错误须关注。
【强化训练】
1.(2021年高考 全国乙卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加,删除或修改。
  增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
  删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
  修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
  注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
   2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
2.(2021年高考 全国甲卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作业,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are:Who will you go in times of trouble Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
3.(2020年高考 新课标II卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. I’m surely you’ll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day. Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.
4.(2020年高考 新课标III卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us. For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples. I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
5.(2020年高考 新课标I卷)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it.
First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. “Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished.
6.(模拟练习-1)
Last week I went to visit my former neighbor, Mr. Yang. He and I used to living next to each other for many years. About half a year ago, news came which the old building, along with many other similar ones, were going to be pulled down to make a room for a main street. So they had to move apart. Mr. Yang now lives in the suburbs near a beautifully park. His apartment is much big than before. The only problem is that it took quite a long time to get to the downtown area. Therefore, Mr. Yang doesn’t seem to worry about the long distance. He says that a new subway line will be built in a few years and he is sure life will be better in the future.
7.(模拟练习-2)
There are many problems when I am abroad lonely, especially when I am in the Czech Republic, its official is not English. So the first big problem is language. Many Czech people don't speak English. So I have to learn the Czech. It’s very challenging although there are seven cases for grammar. In the beginning, I can’t understand the rules at all. But little by little, I remembered it and learned how to speak Czech proper. The second problem is making friend. At school, I was often ignoring, while many of my classmates gathered together and chatted each other. However, I tried to talk to everyone I met and went out with them on weekends. Now I have many good friends.
8.(模拟练习-3)
Yesterday I went to see a film with my best friend. We set off at 1:30 in the afternoon and plan to arrive at the cinema before 2:30 so that we could watch the 3:15 show. The traffic was terrible bad. That made it even worse was that our bus broke up on the way. They stopped a taxi but rushed to the cinema, arriving ten minutes before the show. “Two ticket for 3:15,” Kate said, put the money on the courier. The film started at the moment we sat down in the cinema. It was an exciting film and we had great time yesterday afternoon.
19