2013高考一轮复习英语优化课件（广东专用）：Unit 21 Human Biology（北师大版选修7）

课件151张PPT。Unit 21　Human Biology——
人类生物学
1．__________vt. 吸收；吸引
2．__________adj. 各种各样的, 不同的
3．__________adj. 以前的, 从前的；n.前者absorbvariousformer4．__________vt. 消化；领会
5．__________vi. 减少, 减小
6．__________vt. 推迟, 延期
7．__________adj. 常规的；
n.惯例, 常规
8．__________vt. 揭露
9．__________adj. 简洁的；短暂的digestdecline　postponeroutineexposebrief10．__________vt. 不顾, 不理, 忽视→__________n. 无知
11．__________vt. 告诉；通知→________________n. 信息
12．__________n. &v.防御；防备→__________vt. 保卫ignoreignoranceinforminformationdefencedefend13．__________vt. 容忍
→tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
→__________ n. 容忍
14．__________vt. 款待→__________n. 治疗
15．__________n. 储存→__________vi. 储存, 存放toleratetolerancetreattreatmentstoragestore16．Drinking is __________and the ____________against drunk driving will save many lives.
17．You are____________(幸运的)
because all of the________(钱财)
will belong to you in no time.
prohibitedprohibitionfortunatefortune
1．________________
抢劫某人某物
2．________________
开始做
3．________________
永久地rob sb.of sth.get down tofor good4．________________
通过(考试)；完成
5．________________
整理；解释；澄清
6．________________
仔细检查；复习
7．________________
不管多大代价, 无论如何get throughclear upgo overat all costs8．________________
彻底毁灭
9．____________________
终止；消灭
10．________________　
立刻, 马上wipe outstop sth.in its tracksstraight away11．________________
无论如何；至少
12．________________　
徒劳, 白费力气
13．________________　
随便地, 随意地
at any ratein vainat random
1．与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
Many contemporary amateur athletes
______________________________
(会打破世界纪录)if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.would have broken world records2．It is/was＋adj. ＋(for sb.)＋to
do sth. it用作形式主语
Unfortunately, ______________ (是
不容易的)to catch athletes using illegal drugs.it is not easy 3．sb./sth.be believed to... 某人或某物被认为是……
Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu
______________________ (被认为
是)the most acute epidemic in history.
4．It seems a pity that...
“……似乎很遗憾”
_________________________(似乎真是个遗憾)thousands of peopleis believed to have beenIt seems a real pity thatwho could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.
1. abuse 　vt. 滥用　n. 滥用, 恶习
(教材P34)Taking these drugs is known as “doping”and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.众所周知, 服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”, 尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩, 但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的严重的健康麻烦. 归纳拓展
①The rude man abused his wife mercilessly.
那个粗鲁的男人对妻子无情地辱骂.
②The president should be prevented from abusing his power.
总统应该被限制, 以防他滥用权力. ③A stream of abuse came from
his lips.
他说了一些粗话.
seek　vt. 寻求；追求；探求；
探索
(教材P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to
do so.　
服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题, 而且是每个运动项目都存在的问题, 体育运动员想在这些运动中取得超常的成绩而准备欺骗.
归纳拓展
①(2011·高考重庆卷)The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.
作者说服人们去寻求正确的世界观.
②(2010·高考重庆卷)．..we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in ourimaginations or on a computer screen.
……对于仅存在于我们想象中或者在电脑屏幕上的东西, 我们力图去理解并与之交流.
③We should constantly seek advice from the masses.我们应当经常征求群众的意见.
④We should never seek for fame
and position.
我们决不应该追求名誉和地位. 3. tolerate　vt. 容忍, 忍受
(教材P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.　
由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式, 所以体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋
剂的.
归纳拓展
①(朗文P1628)I won’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.
我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态
度了.
②The plants are tolerant of frost.
这些植物耐霜. ③(2010·高考广东卷)I can’t tolerate any more excuse.If I don’t receive the check immediately...
我再也无法容忍任何的借口, 如果我不能尽快收到账单……
4. oppose　vt. 反对
(教材P34)Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.　
基因治疗是很有争议的, 许多人反
对对它做进一步研究.
归纳拓展助记①China and Canada, both important countries, should jointly oppose protectionism in all its forms while expanding trade and economic cooperation.
中国和加拿大这两个重要的国家, 应该共同反对一切形式的保护主义, 同时扩大贸易和经济合作. ②He is opposed by two other candidates.
他遭到了另外两名候选人的对抗.
③But the British government has said it is opposed to any fresh EU institutional changes.
但英国政府已经表示, 它反对欧盟
机构任何新的变革. 5. contradict　vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾；反驳
(教材P34)However, if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created, it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.　然而, 如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出来, 这将有悖于整个运动精神.
归纳拓展
①(朗文P472)Your behaviour is in direct contradiction to the principles you claim to have.
你的行为和宣称的原则相违背.
②What he did contradicted what he said.
他言行不一(相矛盾). ③The two statements contradict
each other.
两种说法相互抵触.
6. postpone　vt. 推迟；延期
(教材P37)Example 1 postpone　
例1“推迟”
归纳拓展
①They’ve decided to postpone having a baby for a while.
他们决定推迟一段时间要孩子.
②The summer sports meeting in our school has been postponed for several weeks for the heavy rain.因大雨我们学校的夏季运动会被推迟了几个星期.
③The concert has been postponed to Saturday.
音乐会延迟到星期六.
【重点提示】　postpone后接for表示延迟的时间；后接until/till/to表示延后到的日期.
7. prohibit 　vt. 禁止；阻止
(教材P38)．.., scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.　
……, 科学家们一直在做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发. 归纳拓展
辨析 prohibit, forbid①(2010·高考陕西卷)If lawmakers
do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse.
如果法律的制定者不尽快采取措施去禁止垃圾邮件, 问题当然会更糟. ②We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.
工作时间内我们不得喝酒.
③The price prohibited us from buying it.
这东西价钱太高, 我们买不起.
8. decline　v. 下降；婉拒　n. 下降；减少
(教材P40)Even though doctors don’t fully understand comas and process of recovery, it is generally agreed that a patient’s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程, 但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长, 会降低他们恢复的可能性.
归纳拓展
辨析 decline, refuse, reject①(朗文P439)I offered to give them a lift but they declined.
我主动邀请他们搭车, 但他们婉言谢绝了.
②An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.
汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少. ③Allen angrily declined to discuss the matter.
艾伦气愤地拒绝谈论此事.
④(2011·高考安徽卷)We learn from the text that in Ireland food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population.我们可以从这篇文章得出: 十九世纪四十年代粮食的短缺导致了爱尔兰人口的下降.
9. submit　vt. 递交；提交；顺从；屈服；认输
(教材P137)You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.　
你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章).
归纳拓展
①All applications must be submitted by Monday.
所有申请必须在星期一前递交.
②Should you submit yourself to him?
你应该顺从他吗？③She refused to submit to his control.
她不屈服于他的控制.
④I submit that more proof is
needed to support the case.
我认为这个案子需要更多的证据
证实.
辨析 submit...to..., submit to助记
He submitted to the headmaster’s order that all teachers should submit that report to the headmaster.
他服从了校长的命令, 所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长.
10. temporary　adj. 临时的, 短暂的
(教材P40)．.., Terri’s parents still believed that her coma was only temporary.
……, 特瑞的父母仍然认为她的昏迷只是暂时的.
归纳拓展
①(朗文P1589)Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.
学生们常常在暑假打临工. ②(朗文P1589)We apologize for the temporary inconvenience caused by these building works.
对于建筑施工造成的短期不便, 我们谨致歉意.
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The basketball game was ____________until next week because of the bad weather.
2．She refused to __________being called a liar.postponedtolerate3．My parents are __________to
my giving up the job.
4．Our government has decided to eliminate all charges on rural students receiving the nine-year _______________education.opposedcompulsory5．Let us ________to fight poverty and disease.
6．We all stood there in silence, __________(哀悼)the victims in the May 12 Earthquake.
7．We made a ___________(彻底
的)search for drugs. unitemourningthorough8．Pop music is now in _________
(下降), while country music catches on.
9．It was __________(荒唐的)of you to suggest such a thing.
10．The man arrested by the police admitted his _______________(未遂的)murder of his wife.
declineabsurd attemptedⅡ.单句填空
1．It was an unpopular decision to postpone__________(build)the new school.
解析: 考查postpone＋v.-ing. postpone后跟动词-ing形式, build将要发生而非已发生, 故用动名词的一般式. building2．我们劝那些劫持者向警察投案.
We advised the hijackers(劫持者)to ________themselves to the police.
3．I fear that a prior engagement will ________(permit或prohibit)me from joining you at dinner.
submitprohibit4．搜集家们大量搜寻莎士比亚戏
剧的早期版本.
Early editions of Shakespeare’s plays are much________after by collectors.
5．Looking from this hill, you may think the __________(对面的)hill is higher.soughtopposite6．It has been revealed that some government leaders________(滥
用)their authority and position to
get illegal profits for themselves.
7．I didn’t like the soap opera at first, but when I started watching one, I immediately became____________(迷上, 上瘾)it.
abuseaddicted to8．The old lady came to the police station and claimed to____________________(rob)of her purse when she was shopping.have been robbed解析: 考查rob的用法. 句意: 这位老妇人来到警局, 声称在购物时钱包被抢了. rob sb.of sth.抢某人某物, the old lady与rob之间存在逻辑动宾关系, 故用不定式的被动式, 且被抢动作发生在claim“宣称”之前, 故用不定式的完成被动式. 9．Nobody can________(容忍)his rude behavior, and that’s why he has no friend.
tolerate
11. in vain　徒然, 白费力气
(教材P34)Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.　弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解, 责怪他因伤服用的药物, 但是这些都是徒劳的.
归纳拓展
①We tried in vain to make him change his mind.
我们想使他改变主意, 结果是白
费心机.
②We tried vainly to persuade her
not to go.
我们劝她别去, 她不听. ③He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.
他对自己的外表很自负, 在健身
房里一呆就是几个小时. 12. at random　随便地, 随意地
(教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at_random.　
获胜者要强制性地进行检查, 而其他参与者只是随意地检查.
归纳拓展
①(牛津P1637)My phone seems to switch itself off randomly.
我的手机好像随时自动关机. ②He was not listening and made a random answer to the teacher’s question.
他没有在听讲, 对教师的问题瞎答
一通.
③Fortune numbers are chosen at random on the computer.
幸运号码是在电脑上随意选出来的.
at all costs　不惜任何代价；
无论如何
(教材P34)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.　人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神.
归纳总结
①I must finish the work by tomorrow at all costs.
我无论如何得在明天之前完成这
项工作.
②The new building’s going up at a cost of $82 million.
修建这座大楼要花费8,200万美元. ③He saved his son from drowning but only at the cost of his own life.
他救了溺水的儿子, 但自己却丢了性命.
14. at any rate　无论如何, 至少
(教材P137)If trends continue the way they’re going, then in my opinion, yes—in developed countries at any rate.　
在我看来, 如果照目前的趋势发展下去, 会是这样的——至少发达国家是这样.
归纳拓展
①We may miss the next bus, but at any rate we’ll be there before midday.
我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车, 但无论如何, 中午以前我们总可以到那里.
②At this rate, we will soon be bankrupt.
照这样下去, 我们很快就会破产.
15. wipe out　彻底毁灭；全部摧毁
(教材P38)Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.　
流行病能毁灭城市地区的一半人口.
归纳拓展
①A summer fire can wipe out
all the grass.
夏季的一场火可把草都烧光.
②He wiped away the grease from
the windshield of the car.
他擦去了汽车挡风玻璃上的油渍. ③She stood up to wipe the sweat
off her face.
她站起来擦擦脸上的汗珠.
④(牛津P2644)The heat had wiped
us out.
炎热使我们筋疲力尽.
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.选词填空
(at all costs，get down to，get through，miss out，focus on,
put off，bring up，at random，
at any rate，straight away)
1．She took a book ____________
and sat down with it open on her lap.
2．Creative people can always________________new ideas.
3．You must be on time for your work________________.at randombring upat all costs4．Mary_____________her work early on that morning.
5．Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said all countries needed to show confidence, cooperation, and responsibility to______________the crisis.
got down toget through6．She keeps___________going to
the dentist.
7．Well, if I were you, I’d go to the police station_______________and report it.
8．I’ll do nothing until I hear from you, ________________.putting offraight awayat any rate9．Just turn up the music on your radio and___________that.
10．I notice that the advertisement___________the price of the product.
focus onmisses outⅡ.单句填空
1．_____________ (无论如何, 至少), he would make special mention of it in the report, for he has given us many hints about it in advance.At any rate2．We tried_______________(徒
劳地)to persuade him to stay home, but at last, he went to the construction site in spite of his bad illness.
3．It is not a good habit to state your opinion______________(随便地, 随
意地) and you’d better think it over before you act.
in vain/vaintlyat random
1. (教材P39)Meanwhile, governments worldwide have also underlined the fact that thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu...
同时, 全球各国政府也重视这个现实, 那就是, 对禽流感进行全面有序的医疗研究……【句法分析】　the fact that...,that引导的为同位语从句，用来解释说明某一名词的内容和实质；同位语从句一般用that而不用which引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。①The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业
之后他将努力自食其力.
②I have no idea how he did it.
我不知道他是如何做的. ③The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
我们应邀去参加那个会议的消息很令人鼓舞.
2. (教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
对于获胜者可以强迫其进行检测. 而对其他参赛选手, 则只能随意抽测.
【句法分析】
It is ＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)＋to do...,句式中it是形式主语，代替后面真正的主语——不定式。①It’s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything but most agree with the Waiter Rule.
很难让十几个CEO们一致赞同任何
事情, 但大多数都同意侍者规则. ②It is amusing to listen to music in the evening.
晚上听音乐真有趣.
③It’s fun to go out for a drive on such a nice evening.
在这样一个晴朗的夜晚开车出去兜
风真是太有趣了.
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．要弥补已失去的时光是不可
能的.
It________________for lost time____________________.is impossibleto be made up2．他们面临着是否应该继续这项工作的问题.
They are faced with the problem
_______________________________
the work.whether they should continue3．很难想象, 它们在这么短的时
间内完成了这项工作.
_______________________how they could finish the work in such a short time.It’s hard to imagine4．他一直撒谎的事实让我们很吃惊.
The fact__________________________makes us surprised.
that he tells lies all the timeⅡ.模仿造句
1．(2011·高考天津卷改编)现代科学有充分的证据表明吸烟会导致多种疾病. (同位语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________________Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.2．你没有必要告诉她那坏消息.
(it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________It is not necessary for you to have told her about the bad news.3．早晨起床后喝水有助于促进身体健康的证据已得到了积累.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence has been piled up that drinking water after getting up in the morning contributes to one’s health.4．系主任认为邀请史密斯教授在会上发言是有必要的. (think＋it＋adj. ＋(for sb.)to do sth.结构)
______________________________________________________________________________The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.读写会务专题安突破（二）
如何写记叙文
一、叙述类文章写作模式:
1．Title (题目)
2．Summary (概括)[About theoriginal passage ( About 30 words)]
3．A transitional sentence(过渡句)
4．A narrative(叙述) (About the same topic)
5．An ending paragraph(结尾段) (Point out the main idea)
二、实例训练读写任务(共1小题, 满分25分)
阅读下面的短文, 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.
Everyone has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine.
Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod(钓鱼竿) with bait(鱼饵), I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff
(收拾东西), preparing to go back home.
Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here？” I asked. “About four hours, ” he answered. “Four hours？” I couldn’t believe my ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient, ” the old man said. “ Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.”
Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didn’t move and waited for the right moment to reel it in (卷收钓鱼线). At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish.On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2．然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文, 描写你认识到耐心的重要性的一次经历, 并包括以下要点:
a) 叙述你认识到耐心的重要性的一次真实或虚构的经历；b)你是如何认识到耐心的重要性的；
c) 耐心对你的生活、学习有什么影
响.
【写作要求】
1．可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构, 组织故事, 但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2．标题自定.
三、写作指导
1．如何对记叙文进行概括？
Skill: Combination of five elements要素串联法
2.出现在读写任务中的记叙文要求考生描述一件与原阅读材料有关联的事件, 并说出自己从事件中得到的教训或对所描述现象发表自己的看法. 可按下列步骤完成写作: 概括原文——衔接过渡——发表看法.
3．最常用的过渡句:
1)It occurs to me that a similar story of mine happened 3 years ago and taught me a lesson.
2)I had a similar experience at one time, too.3)As far as I am concerned, I have a similar experience .
4)I have such a similar experience, too.
5)I have a similar experience to the writer’s.
6)I also have a similar experience.
4．发表观点的导入句:
I can’t agree with the author...
In some way, I agree with ..., but...
This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.
It is definitely not like that...
As a matter of fact, ...From my personal angle alone...
In my opinion, ...
From my personal point of view...
As far as I’m concerned...5．整理撰写文章
Patience Is the Secret of Success
In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of fishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old man. He knew the importance of patience and finally got some fish.
I have a similar experience.Once I waited for the bus at the stop for 30 minutes, no bus came. I couldn’t wait any longer and decided to walk to school. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then did I realize the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made. Patience also plays an important part in our study and work. With it we can achieve greater success.
主张辩论式议论文的写作技巧
1．明确提出观点, 表明态度.
2．陈述理由以支撑自己的观点. 在陈述理由时可用firstly, secondly, thirdly, what’s more, besides等过渡词, 使句子连贯.
3．注意论证的逻辑性和严密性.
即时训练 (随学随练, 轻巧夺冠)
阅读下面的短文, 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.
Melamine (三聚氰胺)has affected not only milk powder, but also the fame of some celebrities.They have appeared in advertisements for the milk companies, which have fallen because of the recent milk crisis in China.
The chemical is not allowed in the food industry.It has left more than 53,000 babies ill after they drank tainted (受污染的)milk.Four of them died.The loss of young lives caused a flood of anger throughout the whole country and different parties have been under fire, including celebrities.
An online survey asked if celebrity spokespersons should bear responsibility for endorsing (代言)tainted milk products.Some 34 percent answered “yes”, saying that the celebrities “had betrayed the trust of the people”．One citizen suggested that celebrities should give out all their endorsement earnings to help the victims.Some celebrities have followed the advice and said sorry to the public, but others seemed less regretful.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括短文的内容要点.
2．然后以约120个词就“明星与代言广告商品”这个主题发表看法, 并包括以下要点:
(1)请你就此现象发表看法, 谴责明星们的误导和对公信力的践踏, 并说明理由. (2)作为普通消费者, 我们应该怎
么做？
【写作要求】 1．你可以使用实例或者其他论证方法支持你的论点, 也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子.
2．标题自拟.
【评分标准】
概括准确, 语言规范, 内容合适, 语篇连贯.
________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Celebrity Spokespersons Are to Blame
An online survey about whether celebrity spokespersons should be responsible for their endorsing tainted milk products was carried out.Towards this, people have different opinions.
As far as I am concerned, the celebrities are to blame.Firstly, they have broken public trust by using words such as “quality guaranteed” in their advertisement on mass media, which will mislead the ordinary consumers.
They’re telling lies to the public and are destroying their own fame as
well！Secondly, celebrities should check whether the brand they are endorsing can be trusted and recognized by the national quality watchdog in order to take their image seriously.Once they are found cheating or misleading consumers, they should get into lawsuits.Only in this way can they realize the importance of responsibilities and calm the victims’ anger down throughout the whole country.
The incident also teaches our ordinary consumers a lesson: Never follow stars blindly and we should have a clear mind towards their words and activities.
本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放课件151张PPT。Unit 21　Human Biology——
人类生物学
1．__________vt. 吸收；吸引
2．__________adj. 各种各样的, 不同的
3．__________adj. 以前的, 从前的；n.前者absorbvariousformer4．__________vt. 消化；领会
5．__________vi. 减少, 减小
6．__________vt. 推迟, 延期
7．__________adj. 常规的；
n.惯例, 常规
8．__________vt. 揭露
9．__________adj. 简洁的；短暂的digestdecline　postponeroutineexposebrief10．__________vt. 不顾, 不理, 忽视→__________n. 无知
11．__________vt. 告诉；通知→________________n. 信息
12．__________n. &v.防御；防备→__________vt. 保卫ignoreignoranceinforminformationdefencedefend13．__________vt. 容忍
→tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
→__________ n. 容忍
14．__________vt. 款待→__________n. 治疗
15．__________n. 储存→__________vi. 储存, 存放toleratetolerancetreattreatmentstoragestore16．Drinking is __________and the ____________against drunk driving will save many lives.
17．You are____________(幸运的)
because all of the________(钱财)
will belong to you in no time.
prohibitedprohibitionfortunatefortune
1．________________
抢劫某人某物
2．________________
开始做
3．________________
永久地rob sb.of sth.get down tofor good4．________________
通过(考试)；完成
5．________________
整理；解释；澄清
6．________________
仔细检查；复习
7．________________
不管多大代价, 无论如何get throughclear upgo overat all costs8．________________
彻底毁灭
9．____________________
终止；消灭
10．________________　
立刻, 马上wipe outstop sth.in its tracksstraight away11．________________
无论如何；至少
12．________________　
徒劳, 白费力气
13．________________　
随便地, 随意地
at any ratein vainat random
1．与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
Many contemporary amateur athletes
______________________________
(会打破世界纪录)if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.would have broken world records2．It is/was＋adj. ＋(for sb.)＋to
do sth. it用作形式主语
Unfortunately, ______________ (是
不容易的)to catch athletes using illegal drugs.it is not easy 3．sb./sth.be believed to... 某人或某物被认为是……
Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu
______________________ (被认为
是)the most acute epidemic in history.
4．It seems a pity that...
“……似乎很遗憾”
_________________________(似乎真是个遗憾)thousands of peopleis believed to have beenIt seems a real pity thatwho could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.
1. abuse 　vt. 滥用　n. 滥用, 恶习
(教材P34)Taking these drugs is known as “doping”and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.众所周知, 服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”, 尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩, 但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的严重的健康麻烦. 归纳拓展
①The rude man abused his wife mercilessly.
那个粗鲁的男人对妻子无情地辱骂.
②The president should be prevented from abusing his power.
总统应该被限制, 以防他滥用权力. ③A stream of abuse came from
his lips.
他说了一些粗话.
seek　vt. 寻求；追求；探求；
探索
(教材P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to
do so.　
服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题, 而且是每个运动项目都存在的问题, 体育运动员想在这些运动中取得超常的成绩而准备欺骗.
归纳拓展
①(2011·高考重庆卷)The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.
作者说服人们去寻求正确的世界观.
②(2010·高考重庆卷)．..we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in ourimaginations or on a computer screen.
……对于仅存在于我们想象中或者在电脑屏幕上的东西, 我们力图去理解并与之交流.
③We should constantly seek advice from the masses.我们应当经常征求群众的意见.
④We should never seek for fame
and position.
我们决不应该追求名誉和地位. 3. tolerate　vt. 容忍, 忍受
(教材P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.　
由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式, 所以体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋
剂的.
归纳拓展
①(朗文P1628)I won’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.
我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态
度了.
②The plants are tolerant of frost.
这些植物耐霜. ③(2010·高考广东卷)I can’t tolerate any more excuse.If I don’t receive the check immediately...
我再也无法容忍任何的借口, 如果我不能尽快收到账单……
4. oppose　vt. 反对
(教材P34)Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.　
基因治疗是很有争议的, 许多人反
对对它做进一步研究.
归纳拓展助记①China and Canada, both important countries, should jointly oppose protectionism in all its forms while expanding trade and economic cooperation.
中国和加拿大这两个重要的国家, 应该共同反对一切形式的保护主义, 同时扩大贸易和经济合作. ②He is opposed by two other candidates.
他遭到了另外两名候选人的对抗.
③But the British government has said it is opposed to any fresh EU institutional changes.
但英国政府已经表示, 它反对欧盟
机构任何新的变革. 5. contradict　vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾；反驳
(教材P34)However, if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created, it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.　然而, 如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出来, 这将有悖于整个运动精神.
归纳拓展
①(朗文P472)Your behaviour is in direct contradiction to the principles you claim to have.
你的行为和宣称的原则相违背.
②What he did contradicted what he said.
他言行不一(相矛盾). ③The two statements contradict
each other.
两种说法相互抵触.
6. postpone　vt. 推迟；延期
(教材P37)Example 1 postpone　
例1“推迟”
归纳拓展
①They’ve decided to postpone having a baby for a while.
他们决定推迟一段时间要孩子.
②The summer sports meeting in our school has been postponed for several weeks for the heavy rain.因大雨我们学校的夏季运动会被推迟了几个星期.
③The concert has been postponed to Saturday.
音乐会延迟到星期六.
【重点提示】　postpone后接for表示延迟的时间；后接until/till/to表示延后到的日期.
7. prohibit 　vt. 禁止；阻止
(教材P38)．.., scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.　
……, 科学家们一直在做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发. 归纳拓展
辨析 prohibit, forbid①(2010·高考陕西卷)If lawmakers
do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse.
如果法律的制定者不尽快采取措施去禁止垃圾邮件, 问题当然会更糟. ②We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.
工作时间内我们不得喝酒.
③The price prohibited us from buying it.
这东西价钱太高, 我们买不起.
8. decline　v. 下降；婉拒　n. 下降；减少
(教材P40)Even though doctors don’t fully understand comas and process of recovery, it is generally agreed that a patient’s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程, 但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长, 会降低他们恢复的可能性.
归纳拓展
辨析 decline, refuse, reject①(朗文P439)I offered to give them a lift but they declined.
我主动邀请他们搭车, 但他们婉言谢绝了.
②An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.
汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少. ③Allen angrily declined to discuss the matter.
艾伦气愤地拒绝谈论此事.
④(2011·高考安徽卷)We learn from the text that in Ireland food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population.我们可以从这篇文章得出: 十九世纪四十年代粮食的短缺导致了爱尔兰人口的下降.
9. submit　vt. 递交；提交；顺从；屈服；认输
(教材P137)You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.　
你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章).
归纳拓展
①All applications must be submitted by Monday.
所有申请必须在星期一前递交.
②Should you submit yourself to him?
你应该顺从他吗？③She refused to submit to his control.
她不屈服于他的控制.
④I submit that more proof is
needed to support the case.
我认为这个案子需要更多的证据
证实.
辨析 submit...to..., submit to助记
He submitted to the headmaster’s order that all teachers should submit that report to the headmaster.
他服从了校长的命令, 所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长.
10. temporary　adj. 临时的, 短暂的
(教材P40)．.., Terri’s parents still believed that her coma was only temporary.
……, 特瑞的父母仍然认为她的昏迷只是暂时的.
归纳拓展
①(朗文P1589)Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.
学生们常常在暑假打临工. ②(朗文P1589)We apologize for the temporary inconvenience caused by these building works.
对于建筑施工造成的短期不便, 我们谨致歉意.
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The basketball game was ____________until next week because of the bad weather.
2．She refused to __________being called a liar.postponedtolerate3．My parents are __________to
my giving up the job.
4．Our government has decided to eliminate all charges on rural students receiving the nine-year _______________education.opposedcompulsory5．Let us ________to fight poverty and disease.
6．We all stood there in silence, __________(哀悼)the victims in the May 12 Earthquake.
7．We made a ___________(彻底
的)search for drugs. unitemourningthorough8．Pop music is now in _________
(下降), while country music catches on.
9．It was __________(荒唐的)of you to suggest such a thing.
10．The man arrested by the police admitted his _______________(未遂的)murder of his wife.
declineabsurd attemptedⅡ.单句填空
1．It was an unpopular decision to postpone__________(build)the new school.
解析: 考查postpone＋v.-ing. postpone后跟动词-ing形式, build将要发生而非已发生, 故用动名词的一般式. building2．我们劝那些劫持者向警察投案.
We advised the hijackers(劫持者)to ________themselves to the police.
3．I fear that a prior engagement will ________(permit或prohibit)me from joining you at dinner.
submitprohibit4．搜集家们大量搜寻莎士比亚戏
剧的早期版本.
Early editions of Shakespeare’s plays are much________after by collectors.
5．Looking from this hill, you may think the __________(对面的)hill is higher.soughtopposite6．It has been revealed that some government leaders________(滥
用)their authority and position to
get illegal profits for themselves.
7．I didn’t like the soap opera at first, but when I started watching one, I immediately became____________(迷上, 上瘾)it.
abuseaddicted to8．The old lady came to the police station and claimed to____________________(rob)of her purse when she was shopping.have been robbed解析: 考查rob的用法. 句意: 这位老妇人来到警局, 声称在购物时钱包被抢了. rob sb.of sth.抢某人某物, the old lady与rob之间存在逻辑动宾关系, 故用不定式的被动式, 且被抢动作发生在claim“宣称”之前, 故用不定式的完成被动式. 9．Nobody can________(容忍)his rude behavior, and that’s why he has no friend.
tolerate
11. in vain　徒然, 白费力气
(教材P34)Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.　弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解, 责怪他因伤服用的药物, 但是这些都是徒劳的.
归纳拓展
①We tried in vain to make him change his mind.
我们想使他改变主意, 结果是白
费心机.
②We tried vainly to persuade her
not to go.
我们劝她别去, 她不听. ③He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.
他对自己的外表很自负, 在健身
房里一呆就是几个小时. 12. at random　随便地, 随意地
(教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at_random.　
获胜者要强制性地进行检查, 而其他参与者只是随意地检查.
归纳拓展
①(牛津P1637)My phone seems to switch itself off randomly.
我的手机好像随时自动关机. ②He was not listening and made a random answer to the teacher’s question.
他没有在听讲, 对教师的问题瞎答
一通.
③Fortune numbers are chosen at random on the computer.
幸运号码是在电脑上随意选出来的.
at all costs　不惜任何代价；
无论如何
(教材P34)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.　人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神.
归纳总结
①I must finish the work by tomorrow at all costs.
我无论如何得在明天之前完成这
项工作.
②The new building’s going up at a cost of $82 million.
修建这座大楼要花费8,200万美元. ③He saved his son from drowning but only at the cost of his own life.
他救了溺水的儿子, 但自己却丢了性命.
14. at any rate　无论如何, 至少
(教材P137)If trends continue the way they’re going, then in my opinion, yes—in developed countries at any rate.　
在我看来, 如果照目前的趋势发展下去, 会是这样的——至少发达国家是这样.
归纳拓展
①We may miss the next bus, but at any rate we’ll be there before midday.
我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车, 但无论如何, 中午以前我们总可以到那里.
②At this rate, we will soon be bankrupt.
照这样下去, 我们很快就会破产.
15. wipe out　彻底毁灭；全部摧毁
(教材P38)Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.　
流行病能毁灭城市地区的一半人口.
归纳拓展
①A summer fire can wipe out
all the grass.
夏季的一场火可把草都烧光.
②He wiped away the grease from
the windshield of the car.
他擦去了汽车挡风玻璃上的油渍. ③She stood up to wipe the sweat
off her face.
她站起来擦擦脸上的汗珠.
④(牛津P2644)The heat had wiped
us out.
炎热使我们筋疲力尽.
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.选词填空
(at all costs，get down to，get through，miss out，focus on,
put off，bring up，at random，
at any rate，straight away)
1．She took a book ____________
and sat down with it open on her lap.
2．Creative people can always________________new ideas.
3．You must be on time for your work________________.at randombring upat all costs4．Mary_____________her work early on that morning.
5．Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said all countries needed to show confidence, cooperation, and responsibility to______________the crisis.
got down toget through6．She keeps___________going to
the dentist.
7．Well, if I were you, I’d go to the police station_______________and report it.
8．I’ll do nothing until I hear from you, ________________.putting offraight awayat any rate9．Just turn up the music on your radio and___________that.
10．I notice that the advertisement___________the price of the product.
focus onmisses outⅡ.单句填空
1．_____________ (无论如何, 至少), he would make special mention of it in the report, for he has given us many hints about it in advance.At any rate2．We tried_______________(徒
劳地)to persuade him to stay home, but at last, he went to the construction site in spite of his bad illness.
3．It is not a good habit to state your opinion______________(随便地, 随
意地) and you’d better think it over before you act.
in vain/vaintlyat random
1. (教材P39)Meanwhile, governments worldwide have also underlined the fact that thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu...
同时, 全球各国政府也重视这个现实, 那就是, 对禽流感进行全面有序的医疗研究……【句法分析】　the fact that...,that引导的为同位语从句，用来解释说明某一名词的内容和实质；同位语从句一般用that而不用which引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。①The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业
之后他将努力自食其力.
②I have no idea how he did it.
我不知道他是如何做的. ③The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
我们应邀去参加那个会议的消息很令人鼓舞.
2. (教材P34)It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
对于获胜者可以强迫其进行检测. 而对其他参赛选手, 则只能随意抽测.
【句法分析】
It is ＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)＋to do...,句式中it是形式主语，代替后面真正的主语——不定式。①It’s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything but most agree with the Waiter Rule.
很难让十几个CEO们一致赞同任何
事情, 但大多数都同意侍者规则. ②It is amusing to listen to music in the evening.
晚上听音乐真有趣.
③It’s fun to go out for a drive on such a nice evening.
在这样一个晴朗的夜晚开车出去兜
风真是太有趣了.
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．要弥补已失去的时光是不可
能的.
It________________for lost time____________________.is impossibleto be made up2．他们面临着是否应该继续这项工作的问题.
They are faced with the problem
_______________________________
the work.whether they should continue3．很难想象, 它们在这么短的时
间内完成了这项工作.
_______________________how they could finish the work in such a short time.It’s hard to imagine4．他一直撒谎的事实让我们很吃惊.
The fact__________________________makes us surprised.
that he tells lies all the timeⅡ.模仿造句
1．(2011·高考天津卷改编)现代科学有充分的证据表明吸烟会导致多种疾病. (同位语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________________Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.2．你没有必要告诉她那坏消息.
(it作形式主语)
________________________________________________________________It is not necessary for you to have told her about the bad news.3．早晨起床后喝水有助于促进身体健康的证据已得到了积累.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Evidence has been piled up that drinking water after getting up in the morning contributes to one’s health.4．系主任认为邀请史密斯教授在会上发言是有必要的. (think＋it＋adj. ＋(for sb.)to do sth.结构)
______________________________________________________________________________The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.读写会务专题安突破（二）
如何写记叙文
一、叙述类文章写作模式:
1．Title (题目)
2．Summary (概括)[About theoriginal passage ( About 30 words)]
3．A transitional sentence(过渡句)
4．A narrative(叙述) (About the same topic)
5．An ending paragraph(结尾段) (Point out the main idea)
二、实例训练读写任务(共1小题, 满分25分)
阅读下面的短文, 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.
Everyone has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine.
Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod(钓鱼竿) with bait(鱼饵), I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff
(收拾东西), preparing to go back home.
Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here？” I asked. “About four hours, ” he answered. “Four hours？” I couldn’t believe my ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient, ” the old man said. “ Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.”
Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didn’t move and waited for the right moment to reel it in (卷收钓鱼线). At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish.On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2．然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文, 描写你认识到耐心的重要性的一次经历, 并包括以下要点:
a) 叙述你认识到耐心的重要性的一次真实或虚构的经历；b)你是如何认识到耐心的重要性的；
c) 耐心对你的生活、学习有什么影
响.
【写作要求】
1．可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构, 组织故事, 但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2．标题自定.
三、写作指导
1．如何对记叙文进行概括？
Skill: Combination of five elements要素串联法
2.出现在读写任务中的记叙文要求考生描述一件与原阅读材料有关联的事件, 并说出自己从事件中得到的教训或对所描述现象发表自己的看法. 可按下列步骤完成写作: 概括原文——衔接过渡——发表看法.
3．最常用的过渡句:
1)It occurs to me that a similar story of mine happened 3 years ago and taught me a lesson.
2)I had a similar experience at one time, too.3)As far as I am concerned, I have a similar experience .
4)I have such a similar experience, too.
5)I have a similar experience to the writer’s.
6)I also have a similar experience.
4．发表观点的导入句:
I can’t agree with the author...
In some way, I agree with ..., but...
This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.
It is definitely not like that...
As a matter of fact, ...From my personal angle alone...
In my opinion, ...
From my personal point of view...
As far as I’m concerned...5．整理撰写文章
Patience Is the Secret of Success
In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of fishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old man. He knew the importance of patience and finally got some fish.
I have a similar experience.Once I waited for the bus at the stop for 30 minutes, no bus came. I couldn’t wait any longer and decided to walk to school. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then did I realize the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made. Patience also plays an important part in our study and work. With it we can achieve greater success.
主张辩论式议论文的写作技巧
1．明确提出观点, 表明态度.
2．陈述理由以支撑自己的观点. 在陈述理由时可用firstly, secondly, thirdly, what’s more, besides等过渡词, 使句子连贯.
3．注意论证的逻辑性和严密性.
即时训练 (随学随练, 轻巧夺冠)
阅读下面的短文, 然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.
Melamine (三聚氰胺)has affected not only milk powder, but also the fame of some celebrities.They have appeared in advertisements for the milk companies, which have fallen because of the recent milk crisis in China.
The chemical is not allowed in the food industry.It has left more than 53,000 babies ill after they drank tainted (受污染的)milk.Four of them died.The loss of young lives caused a flood of anger throughout the whole country and different parties have been under fire, including celebrities.
An online survey asked if celebrity spokespersons should bear responsibility for endorsing (代言)tainted milk products.Some 34 percent answered “yes”, saying that the celebrities “had betrayed the trust of the people”．One citizen suggested that celebrities should give out all their endorsement earnings to help the victims.Some celebrities have followed the advice and said sorry to the public, but others seemed less regretful.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括短文的内容要点.
2．然后以约120个词就“明星与代言广告商品”这个主题发表看法, 并包括以下要点:
(1)请你就此现象发表看法, 谴责明星们的误导和对公信力的践踏, 并说明理由. (2)作为普通消费者, 我们应该怎
么做？
【写作要求】 1．你可以使用实例或者其他论证方法支持你的论点, 也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子.
2．标题自拟.
【评分标准】
概括准确, 语言规范, 内容合适, 语篇连贯.
________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Celebrity Spokespersons Are to Blame
An online survey about whether celebrity spokespersons should be responsible for their endorsing tainted milk products was carried out.Towards this, people have different opinions.
As far as I am concerned, the celebrities are to blame.Firstly, they have broken public trust by using words such as “quality guaranteed” in their advertisement on mass media, which will mislead the ordinary consumers.
They’re telling lies to the public and are destroying their own fame as
well！Secondly, celebrities should check whether the brand they are endorsing can be trusted and recognized by the national quality watchdog in order to take their image seriously.Once they are found cheating or misleading consumers, they should get into lawsuits.Only in this way can they realize the importance of responsibilities and calm the victims’ anger down throughout the whole country.
The incident also teaches our ordinary consumers a lesson: Never follow stars blindly and we should have a clear mind towards their words and activities.
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