(共34张PPT)
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
中考考点
1.陈述句的概念及其肯定形式和否定形式。
2.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的结构及答语的用法。
3.what和how引导的感叹句。
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
考点一 陈述句(略)
考点二 疑问句
1.一般疑问句
(1)各种时态的一般疑问句(略)
(2)一般疑问句的回答用yes或者no。如:
—Does she go to school at 7:30 every day
—___________________________________
“她每天七点半去上学吗?”
“是的,她是。”/“不,不是。”
Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(3)否定疑问句的答语
否定疑问句通常是以be/情态动词/助动词+not的缩写形式开头的。表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习惯不一样。如:
—Aren't you a student
—______________/______________
“你不是一名学生吗?”
“不,我是。”/“是的,我不是。”
2.特殊疑问句
常见的疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose;常见的疑问形容词有which, whose;常见的疑问副词有when, where, why, how等。
Yes ,I am
No, I am not.
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
3.选择疑问句
—Is he Chinese or Japanese
—He's Chinese.
“他是中国人还是日本人?”
“他是中国人。”
—Would you like some juice or tea
—Neither.
“你想要点果汁还是茶?”
“都不要。”
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
考点三 反意疑问句
反意疑问句的构成: 陈述句+附加疑问句?附加疑问句的否定式必须缩写。
1.陈述句部分与附加疑问句部分意思相反: 前肯后否、前否后肯。如:
Mary is a teacher,__________?
He didn't tell you the story,__________?
2.反意疑问句基本对应形式如下:
(1)be动词对应be动词。如:
She is a policewoman,__________?
isn't she
did he
isn't she
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(2)情态动词对应情态动词。如:
He can drive the car,__________?
(3)行为动词对应助动词的相应形式。这种助动词主要指帮助构成疑问句或否定句的do/does/did,以及它们的否定形式。如:
He slept for 9 hours yesterday,__________?
He didn't go to the park,__________?
(4)助动词对应助动词的相应形式。这样的助动词主要包括以下几种:
①现在进行时中的be
②一般将来时中的will/shall
can't he
didn't he
did he
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
③现在完成时中的have/has
They are swimming,__________?
Jane will visit Tianjin,__________?
She has finished her homework,__________?
3.特殊形式
(1)当陈述句中含有表示否定的代词或形容词,如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,或含有表示否定的副词never, hardly, seldom时,则附加疑问句只能用肯定式。如:
Linda has never been to Beijing,__________?
You can hardly see the blackboard clearly,__________?
aren't they
won't she
hasn't she
has she
can you
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(2)祈使句的反意疑问句的附加疑问句部分用will you/won't you。如:
Open the window, __________________________?
[注意] Let's go and have a look, shall we
(us表示包括听话人在内)
Let us clean the classroom, will you
(us表示不包括听话人在内)
结论:以let's开头的祈使句,后用shall we; 以let us(him, me, her…)开头的祈使句,后用will you。
(3)is 还是 has?如:
He's in the room, isn't he?(He's = He is)
He's gone to the park,hasn't he(He's = He has)
will you/won't you
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(4)陈述部分的谓语是used to时,附加疑问句部分用“didn't+主语”或“usedn't+主语”。如:
He used to go to bed late, didn't he?/usedn't he
(5)need的反意疑问句
① need 是实义动词时。如:
We need to come earlier, don't we
② need 是情态动词时。如:
We needn't come so early, need we
(6)have 的对应形式
① have 当“有”讲时,附加疑问句用助动词do。如:
Tom has an MP4 player, doesn't he
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
② have 当“吃、喝、开(会)、度过”等意思讲时,其附加疑问句用助动词do。如:
You had a good time yesterday, didn't you
③ have用于现在完成时,是帮助构成完成时的助动词,附加疑问句用have的相应形式。如:
He has made a lot of friends, hasn't he
④ have to 表示“不得不”时,附加疑问句的谓语用助动词do。如:
Li Lei has to finish the work today, doesn't he
⑤ had better意思是“最好”,其附加疑问句的谓语动词用had。如:
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
You'd better stay at home, hadn't you
4.当陈述句部分是否定句时,英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。
英语回答时,若表示与事实一致,就用“Yes+肯定结构”;表示与事实相反,就用“No+否定结构”。如:
—You didn't play football yesterday, did you
—__________/__________
“昨天你没有踢足球,是吗?”
“不,我踢去了。”/“是的,我没踢。”
5.主从复合句的反意疑问句
Yes, I did
No, I didn't.
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
(1)陈述部分是“I/We think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句” (主语是第一人称)或者有I'm sure that; I'm afraid that; We are sure that; We are afraid that; I feel sure that; I hope that; We feel sure that; It seems that时,附加疑问部分的主语应和从句相一致,但须注意否定前移的现象。如:
I don't think he is right, is he
我认为他是不对的,是吗?
I'm sure that you know him well,don't you
你肯定非常了解他,是吧?
(2)如果主语是其他人称,疑问部分的主语和主句一致。如:He believed you could succeed, didn't he
She doesn't know if Jim is a good student, does she
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
考点四 感叹句
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”或“how”引导,句末用感叹号。
1.what引导的感叹句
(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
What a beautiful picture (it is)!
多漂亮的一幅画啊!
__________ important meeting (it is)!
多重要的一项会议啊!
(2)What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
What an
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
What interesting stories (they are)!
多有趣的故事啊!
________________________!
多糟糕的天气啊!
2.how引导的感叹句
(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:
How tall the tree is! 这棵树真高啊!
______________the horse is running!
这匹马跑得真快啊!
(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)!如:
______________!我多么想念你啊!
What bad weather (it is)
How fast
How I miss you
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
How she loves her daughter!
她多么爱自己的女儿啊!
(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
How beautiful a girl (she is)!
她是个多漂亮的女孩啊!
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
考点五 祈使句
表示请求、警告、建议或命令的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的主语一般是you(听话人),通常省略,其谓语动词一律用动词原形。句末用感叹句或句号,语调读降调。
1. 祈使句的肯定形式
⑴句中只有不及物动词。如:
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
Come here! 过来!
Look! 看!
Come in! 进来!
(2)及物动词+宾语。如:
Close the door! 关门!
Open your books! 翻开课本!
(3)系动词+表语。如:
Be quiet, please! 请安静!
______________!小心!
Be careful
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
2. 祈使句的否定形式
祈使句否定形式的构成是直接在动词原形前加don't。为了表示礼貌,也可以加上please。如:
______________________. 不要在课堂上讲话。
Don't close the window, please. 请不要关窗户。
3.let祈使句型表示建议
Let me help you. 让我帮你吧。
Let's go. 咱们走吧!
这种祈使句的否定结构是在let's后加not。如:
Let's not go now. 咱们现在先别走。
Don't talk in class
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
4.应答祈使句用将来时
—Remember to close the window when you leave.
—______________.
“记住离开时关窗。”
“好的,我会的。”
—Don't talk in class.
—______________.
“课堂上不要讲话。”
“对不起,我不会了。”
5.“祈使句+and/or+结果状语”句型
此句型可以转换成if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。如:
Yes, I will
Sorry, I won't
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
Hurry up, or you will be late.
快点否则就迟到了。
=If you don't hurry up, you__________ late.
如果不抓紧,你就要迟到了。
=If you hurry up, you__________ late.
如果快点,你将不会迟到。
6.祈使句的反意疑问句需特别注意(见考点三)
will be
won't be
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
考点六 倒装句
1.there be句型
there be 句型是一个典型的倒装句。它表示“某处有某物”,主语是be动词后面的名词。如:
__________ a river near our school.
我们学校附近有一条河。
There is
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
2.以so/neither/nor开头的句子
此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者时,用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。如:
He has been to Dalian, and __________.
他去过大连,我也去过。
John can't speak Japanese,________________.
约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。
3.only在句首时
Only in this way can you learn English well.
只有用这种方法,你才能学好英语。
so have I
nor can Helen
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
[注意] 如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。如:
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.只有当他病得很重时,他才可能待在床上休息。
4.副词位于句首
当here, there, now, then等副词置于句首时,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。如:
Here is your letter.这是你的信。
[注意] 这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如:
Here he comes.他来了。
Here you are.给你。
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
考点过关
Ⅰ.完成下列反意疑问句
1.Her sister is very shy, ________?
2.Peter stayed up last night, ________?
3.Alice has never been to the village, ________?
4.My brother can't swim, ________?
5.Don't arrive late for class, ________?
isn't she
didn't he
has she
can he
will you
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1.What a tall boy he is!
=________ ________ the boy is!
2.How delicious the food is!
=________ delicious food it is!
3.If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.
= Hurry up, ________ you'll be late.
How tall
What
or
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.没有水,人类不能生存。
Man can't ________ ________ water.
2.你在这里工作多长时间了?
________ ________ have you worked here
3.现在世界的人口是多少?
________ ________ the population of the world now
4.我认为这个答案不正确,是吗?
I don't think the answer is right, ________ ________?
5. 一切都准备就绪了,不是吗?
Everything is ready, ________ ________?
live without
How long
What is
is it
isn't it
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
6. 让我们去购物,好吗?
Let's go shopping, ________ ________?
7.这是多么令人兴奋的消息啊!
________ ________ the news is!
8.这些孩子真聪明!
________ ________ children they are!
9.汤姆英语说得好, 对不对?
Tom can speak English well, ________?
10.几乎没人喜欢这种糟糕的天气,是吗?
Few people like such bad weather, ________?
shall we
How exciting
What clever
can't he
do they
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)
11.请不要在教室里听音乐。
________ ________ to music in the classroom, please.
12.在图书馆要保持安静。
Please ________ ________ in the library.
Don't listen
keep quiet
语法互动(十三) 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、
反意疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)