2013中考英语《现在完成时》语法复习课件

(共44张PPT)
现 在 完 成 时 态
The Present Perfect Tense
study English
How long have you been studying English
I have been studying English for two years.
(2009-now)
2009
started studying English
2012
studying
2 years
has been studying
When did you start studying English
In 2009.
现在完成时 Present perfect tense
构成:
助动词have/has + 过去分词
1.肯定句
现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。
注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。
eg. He has eaten supper.
They have eaten supper.
2.疑问句
　　现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 (回答用“Yes，---have/has．／“No，---haven’t/hasn’t．” ）
3.否定句：
现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't/hasn't＋过去分词”。
eg. Has he eaten supper
Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t.
eg. He hasn’t eaten supper.
They haven’t eaten supper.
现在完成时态的分类
用法一、
1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,
（强调结果现在还存在）
例如
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿)
Has he had his breakfast Yes, he has. When did he have his breakfast He had breakfast at 6:00.
1. My father bought many books for me yesterday .
Now , I have a lot to read because ________________________________
2. I saw this film last week.
Now, I know this film because I_____________________.
3. I did my homework yesterday.
Now, I can give it to the teacher because I______________
my father has bought many books for me.
have seen it before
have done it.
通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just (谓语动词之前) （刚刚）, already（已经(肯定句) ）, before, yet（一般疑问(句末） ：已经；否定句：还） never, ever (疑问句) twice recently(近来）等状语连用
1 Tom has already finished his homework.
Tom hasn’t finished his homework yet.
2 I have just had my lunch.
She hasn’t seen you before.
3 Have you ever eaten fish
I have never eaten fish
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse
③ She has already finished the work.
④ Have you milked the cow yet
Yes, I have done that already.
⑤ I’ve just finished my homework.
⑥ He has not come yet.
Exercises
1. I ________(have) lunch already.
2. the train_______ (arrive) yet
3.Tom ____ never_______ (be ) to China.
4. The twin ______just _____(see) my father.
5. The twins ____(see) my father just now.
6.______ you ever _______(ride) a horse Never.
have had
Has arrived
has
been
has
seen
saw
have ridden
7._____ you ________(clean) the room
Yes, we__________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
8.______ he ______(see) this film yet No.
When _____ he _____(see) it
He ______ it tomorrow.
9. How many times _____you______(come) here
Once.
Have
cleaned
have done
did
do
did
Has
seen
will
see
will see
have
come
1 你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。
2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。
3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。
4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。
5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。
用法二：
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。
A 动词使用延续性动词。
B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。
常与for或since引导的时间连用so far, up to/till now, in the last/past+一段时间，all one’s life, by now, these days, these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here
I haven’t seen her these days.
She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.
They have lived here since 1990.
What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years
注　意：
(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;
　since two weeks ago=for two weeks;
I have kept the library book for a week.=
I have kept the library book since a week ago.
(2)since + 时间点＝for＋时间段
since 2000=for ７ years
(3) since+从句(常用一般过去时)
The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris
(4)It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.
自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.
一、用for和since填空。
______three hours
______three o’clock
______two days
______yesterday afternoon
______I came here
______last Sunday
_______a week
_______a long time
_______1997
______two weeks
_______three years ago
_______ last month
for
since
for
since
since
since
for
for
since
for
since
since
用for和since填空
They have been learning Chinese _____
they came to China.
2. I haven’t seen her _____ a long time.
3. He has been living here _____ 2001.
4. She has been doing her homework ____
two hours.
5. It’s 5 years _____ we left school.
6. – How long has Mary been a teacher
– _____ two years ago.
since
for
since
for
since
Since
用for 或since填空。
1. Jill has been in Ireland________Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland__________three days.
3. My aunt has lived in Australia_______15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_____7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country________1974.
6. The bus is late. We've been waiting________20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.
8. Mike has been ill________a long time. He has been in hospital ________October
9. It’s ten years ______ we met each other last time.
10. He has taught English _______ 25 years.
11. The Greens have lived on the farm ______ 1990.
12. They have been practicing the guitar _______ two hours.
13.－How long have you been a reporter
－_____ 8 years ago.
14. I haven’t gone for a walk in the park ________ a long time.
15. He’s been collecting stamps _______ he was in primary school.
16. Peter has been to summer camp ________ 3 times.
1 我自从上周三以来都没有看过电视了。
2 教室这么脏，谁没有扫？
3 我自从98年来这儿，一直在二中教英语。
4 她自从三岁开始一直在这儿住。
5在刚刚过去的半年里我已经教了许多好朋友。
6你爸爸在那个工厂工作多久了？自从我们99年搬家来这儿。
三、非延续性动词与现在完成时
短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。
他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .
——He has been in the Party for five years.
——He has been a Party member for five years.
——it is five years since he joined the Party
电影开始五分钟了。 The film began five minutes ago.
——The film has been on for five minutes.
——It is five minutes since the film began
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变
第一类：动词 be + adj.
die finish
open/close
fall ill/asleep
marry sb/get married to
第二类：动词 be + 介词.
start/begin
leave
join
be dead
be away from
be in/be a member of
be open/closed
be on
be over
be ill/asleep
be married to
第三类：动词 另一个动词
buy
borrow
get/begin to延续性v.
become
put on
eg.
keep
have
be
延续性v.
wear
His father died 2 years ago.
The football match began at 9:00a.m.
The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old.
My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.
His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.
The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.
The twins have been soldiers/ in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old.
My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago.
巧记瞬间性动词的转换
“开始离去借来还， 出生入死买到家，
穿衣入睡要感冒， 开开关关变结束。”
1 begin be on 6 return be back
2 leave be away from 7 join be in
3 go be off 8 die be dead
4 borrow keep 9 buy have
5 come be here 10 arrive be here
10 reach be here 11put on wear
13catch a cold have a cold
14open be open 15close be closed
17end/finish be over
16become be
12fall asleep be asleep
,结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语
① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp → be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there
He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .
2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
3) I went home yesterday. I home for .
4)They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.
② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out
He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.
2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.
③ become → be
I became a teacher in 2000. I __________ a teacher for___________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river ____ ___ dirty for ____ _____.
④ close → be closed open → be open
The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _____ ____ for ________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _____ ____ ____ for six hours.
⑤ get up → be up; die → be dead; leave sp. → be away from sp. fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep; finish / end → be over;marry → be married; 1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________. 2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes. 3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________. 4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________. 6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________. ⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ;begin → be on 1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____. 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦ borrow → keep; lose → not have ;buy → have ;put on → wear catch / get a cold → have a cold; get to know → know 1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________. 3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________. 4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________. ⑧have / has gone to → have been in He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days. ⑨ join the league / the Party / the army → be a league member /a Party member / a soldier → be a member of the league / the Party → be in the league / the Party / the army 1) He joined the league in 2002. He _________________ a _________________ for two years. He ___________ a _________ the ________ for two years. He _______________________ the league for two years. 2) My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _________a ________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ in ___________ for two years.
注意点四：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou before 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？
Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：
----Where is Tom ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
have /has been to和have / has gone to 的用法区别
1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，
常与once 、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。
2 “have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。
巧记： been to ，gone to 意不同，两者用法要记清；
have been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行；
have gone to + 地点，到某地去了一走远。
用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空
— Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？
— No，I .
— What about your sister，Lily？
— Oh，she Chengdu，
she will come back next week.
— Ok，thanks.
— You’re welcome.
have been to
haven’t
has gone to
用法四
,用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空. 1) Where is Jack He __________ his country. 2) David ________ the park just now. 3) John _______ England since he came back. 4) How long _____ they _____ this village 5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. 6) _____ ying for years. 6) _____ you ever ____ America -- Yes, I _____ there many times. 7) I _____ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim He _____ the farm. 9) When_____ he _____ He _______ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me ---Yes, but I _____ there before. 11) Where _____ you _____ now --- I ____ to the zoo. 12) He often _____ swimming. 13) _____ you ______ there last year 14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter
试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空
1 I （live）here since I was ten years old.
2 I （live）here in 1998.
--- you your breakfast？---Yes，I have.
---When you it？---- 30 minutes ago.
注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面：
（一）现在完成时与一般现在时的区别
have lived
lived
Have
had
did
have
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
一）现在完成时与一般现在时的句型转换
eg：I have studied English for three years
-----I studied English three years ago
-----It is three years since I studied English
注意点一：
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等
试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）
用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. Mary _______(lose) her pen. ______ you ______ (see) it here and there
2. ______ you ______ (find) your watch yet
3. ---Are you thirsty ---NO, I ______ just _______ (have) some orange.
4. We ________already ______ (return) the book.
5. ______ they _____ (build) a new school in the village
6. ---Has Tom taught you English
---Yes, he ______ (teach) us English for two years.
7. I ______(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me
8. What ______ they _____ (do) with the newspaper They have read them.
9. --- The door is open. Who ______ (open) it Do you know
--- Sorry, I don’t know.
10. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
11. Wu Dong _____(be) a soldier for one year.
12. The students ______(study) in the middle school since last month.
13. How long ______ you ______(know) him
14. Mike ______ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.
15. I _____(give) my friend a nice book recently.
16. Li Ping and Wu Dong ______(see) the old man three times.
17. _____ she ever _____(teach) you English
18. These children _____ (stay) in the park for two hours.
1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？ B:自从我上中学以来。
A：How long ______ you _______ __________ shells
B：________ I _________ to middle school.
2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。
I ______ _______ _______ _______ 5 hours.
3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗 B:不,去年我参加过。
A: Was this your ________ _________ _____________
B: No，I ___________ in a ______________ last year.
4.A:你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？ B: 3年前。
A: When did you ______ your first _____ ______ _______
B: Three years ago.
5. A:他游泳有多长时间了？ B: 他已游了半小时了。
A: How long _______ he ________ ______________
B: He ______ _______ _______ _______ half an hour.
have been collecting
Since went
have been skating for
first skating marathon
skated marathon
get pair of skates
has been swimming
has been swimming for
6. 你上网多久了
7. 我上网三小时了。
8. 你什么时候开始集邮的？
9. 我五年前开始集邮的。
10. 他收集贝壳十年了。
How long have you been surfing the Internet
I’ve been surfing the Internet for three hours.
When did you start collecting stamps
I started collecting stamps five years ago.
He has been collecting shells for ten years.
11、他一直在这条街住了近20年了。
12、我打扫房间已经扫了3个小时了。
13、自从4岁起我就一直学英语。
14、你六点起就一直在给他讲电话？
15、雨下多久了？
I have been cleaning the room for three hours.
He has been living in the street for about 20 years.
I’ve been studying English since I was 4 years old.
Have you been talking with him on the phone since 6:00 p.m.
How long has it been raining
1.She's _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave). 5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there 6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet 7. ---Are you thirsty ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange. 8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book. 9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village 10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday
句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, （改成反意疑问句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
--------------------------------have they been here
3、The old man _______ last year. He for a year. (die)
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ___ _____ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ _____ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
1． His father died two years ago.
His father _____ _____ _____ for two years.
2. He has been in the army for three years.
_____ _____ three years since he _____ the army.
3. I began to study at this school five years ago.
I _____ _____ at this school _____ five years.
4. Have you ever visited Beijing
Have you ever _____ _____ _____
5. I am a teacher. I became a teacher five years ago.
I _____ _____ _____ _____ for five years.
I _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ five years ago.
6. I bought the car five years ago.
I _____ _____ the car for five years.
7. I have borrowed a new book from the school library.
I _____ _____ a new book from the school library for two days.
8. The boy has come back.
The boy _____ _____ _____ for an hour.
9. The film has begun.
The film _____ _____ _____ _____ five minutes.
10. The man in a hat has left.
The man in a hat _____ _____ _____ _____ half an hour ago.
11. Both students haven’t finished their homework.
_____ _____ _____ finished their homework.
动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：
①原形+ed 如：worked, passed
②词尾是e时，直接加d 如：liked lived ③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如: played stayed studied cried
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped
动词的过去分词的规则变化
不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词
巧记规律
AAA: put– put –put let—let –let
ABA: become—became—become
ABB: stand—stood—stood
ABC: eat— ate—eaten
AAA
cost-cost-cost read-read-read
put-put-put cut-cut-cut
let-let-let set-set-set
beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit
hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit
rid-rid-rid
一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。
特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。
有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:
run-ran-run
come-came-come
become-became-become
overcome-overcame-overcome
ABA
原型 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eep -ept -ept keep,sweep,sleep
-ell -old -old sell,tell
-d -t -t lend,spend,send,build
-ay -aid -aid say,pay,lay
-n -nt -nt burn,learn,mean
-ee- -e- -e- meet,feed
-ought -ought bring,buy,fight,think
-aught -aught catch,teach
ABB(含规则动词)
1.另有一些其它形式的变化。
have (has)-had-had leave-left-left
lose-lost-lost make-made-made
feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt
stand-stood-stood
2. 改变单词中间元音字母。
sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won
shine-shone-shone hold-held-held
find-found-found hear-heard-heard
hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)
ABB(含规则动词)
ABC
原型 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eak -oke -oken break,speak
-eal -ole -olen steal
-ear -ore -orn wear,bear,tear
-ow（aw） -ew -own grow,blow,know,
throw,draw
-i- -a- -u- sink,swim,drink,ring,
sing,begin
-i- -o- -n drive,rise,ride,write
ABC
有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。
take-took-taken give-gave-given
fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken
freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden
get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)
特殊：
am/is-was-been are-were-been,
do (does)-did-done go-went-gone
see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed)
lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)