2022年中考英语专题复习-------阅读理解（推理判断）课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
Whether or not you can succeed in reading comprehension mostly depends on whether you can succeed in inference!
得推理判断者得阅读理解！
logical inferring(逻辑推理)
解密中考阅读理解
之推理判断
Inference
Period 1
Learning objectives:
1. Learn about the characteristics and types of inference(推理判断的特点和类型）
2.Learn how to work out the four types of inference (一）------（四)
Step 1: Let’s decode the characteristics
and types 解密命题特点及类型
命题特点
不能直接在原文中找到答案
需要透过文章表层信息，通过基于原文逻辑推理获得深层理解
Can we find the answer directly from the passage
常见题干(types of inference)
1.From the passage, we can infer that.../We can infer that...
We can learn/know from the passage /last paragraph that...
2.From the passage , the man is______.
3.The material is probably from/...is probably... _____
4. The writer starts the passage by________．
5.How did the writer's feelings change in the story？
6.The passage is written in a/an________ tone(语气)．
7.The main purpose of the text is to________.
The writer uses the example of...to show that...
8.Which of the following can be put in ______ in Paragraph 3？
What do you think happened later according to the story
9.Who is the text written for /We can guess the writer may be a ______.
隐含意义推断
人物性格推断
文章来源、体裁推断
开篇方式推断
情感变化推断
写作语气推断
写作意图推断
行文逻辑推断
写作对象、作者身份推断
正确选项特点(the correct option)
1. 含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；
2. 不会太绝对的词汇，如往往不会出现all/only/every/nobody/never等词；
干扰选项(wrong options)特点
原文事实
（无推断）
错误信息
（片面推断、不正确推断、推断过度）
主观臆断
（未合乎原文逻辑、作者观点态度）
We should not only learn about the types of inference according to the key words but also choose right skills.
Step 2. Let’s decode how to work them out.
(解密解题步骤与策略）
“四步解题法”
抓题干与选项（关键词）
找定位
推逻辑
做判断
隐含意义推断
Passage 1(2020重庆A卷)“One thing is clear，” Scassellati says, “Robots can provide care for the customers and the need for that will increase in the future.” ( ) According to Scassellati, we can infer that Nejat's robots ________．A. will have feelings soon B. can take the place of humansC. should be produced more D. won't give their own opinions
C
抓题干
找定位
推逻辑
做判断
Tip:基于原文，逻辑推理出言外之意
主观臆断
错误信息
无关原文
Passage 2(2020重庆B卷)
Facial detection technology is also placed inside some large advertising boards. Cameras in those boards can detect information like people's ages and five levels of feelings——from "very happy" to "very unhappy".
Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers' experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices
Some are against the idea of using such systems. Pam Dixon, the head of a privacy(隐私)group, is one of them. She thinks __▲__ . For example, a business could raise the price of a product according to a person's age and feelings.
However, one store testing the technology explained they wouldn't store people's information like names or ages. And the advertising board system maker said it didn't keep any personal information or record any videos.
( ) We can infer from the passage that facial detection technology _________.
A. can detect buyers' names and record them
B. is put inside some large advertising boards
C. may be used to sell cheaper goods in all stores
D. may need some time before being widely used
错误信息
原文事实
错误信息
D
( ) The passage is probably from____________.
A. a history book B. a science magazine
C. a storybook D. a travel guide
B
文章体裁推断
( ) The material above is probably ____________.
A. news B. a poem C. a notice D. a diary
C
( ) The material above is probably ____________.
A. news B. a report C. a novel D. a diary
D
A Chinese spacecraft(航天器) successfully landed on the surface of Mars on May 15th,2021, marking a historic accomplishment(成就)in China's space endeavors (努力)and making it the second country in the world to achieve the feat(功绩/壮举).
President Xi Jinping sent a letter soon after the successful landing was announced at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center, extending congratulations and greetings to all those involved in the landmark mission. The letter read that the Tianwen 1 mission has left the nation's first mark on the Red Planet and is another landmark achievement in the development of China's space industry.
"Thanks to your courage in the face of challenges and pursuit(追求) of excellence, China is now among the leading countries in planetary(行星) exploration," Xi said in the message. "The country and people will always remember your outstanding achievements."
新闻六要素：5W+1H(when,where,what,who,why,how)
the eye of news
文章体裁推断
( ) The material above is probably ____________.
A. news B. a science fiction C. a notice D. a diary
A
How do you feel about the news
Be proud of our country
Look up to the heroes who made great efforts for the mission(使命)
"Thanks to your courage in the face of challenges and pursuit(追求) of excellence, China is now among the leading countries in planetary(行星) exploration," Xi said in the message. "The country and people will always remember your outstanding achievements."
I hope you can also be like them, full of courage in the face of challenges and pursuit of excellence!
The stronger you are, the more powerful our country will be!
Please finish passage 3 and 4 with the four steps.
文章来源/体裁推断
Tip:关注文章的内容，用词，格式，文体特征。
抓题干
找定位
推逻辑
做判断
文章来源推断
Passage 3 (2020重庆A卷)
Jiqing Street in Wuhan is a good place to try local food and experience the everyday life of local people...
In the evening, hundreds of street side stalls(摊位) come out on the street and provide popular snacks and local food at low prices...
With the street becoming busy, the city began to breathe again.
( ) The material is probably from ________．
A. a travel website B. a history book
C. a science magazine D. a dictionary
A
Passage 4( 2020重庆B卷)
Characters: a judge(法官) Mike(a painter) Peter(a cook）Setting: a courtroom（法庭）A judge is sitting behind a desk. Mike and Peter are standing in front of her. Peter: Your honor. This man lives in a room above my restaurant. I heard him telling a friend that he was stealing from me. Mike: Smells, your honor! I just take the smells of the food coming up from the restaurant. Judge: (Looking at Mike)What do you do with the smells Mike: The smells help me imagine that I am eating a fine dinner. Judge:(To Peter)And how much do you want for these smells, sir Peter: The 5 coins he always carries. Mike: But my mother gave me the coins to save me when in need. Judge: (To Mike) Drop the coins onto the table, one at a time. (Mike drops the coins.)Case dismissed（结案）. Peter: What do you mean I didn't get paid!Judge: You want the SMELLS paid. Mike has now paid you in SOUNDS—the sounds of the coins.
( ) The material above is probably ____________.
A. a play B. a poem C. a notice D. a diary
文章体裁推断
A
Read passage 4 again and answer:
1.What happened to Mike and Peter
2. How does the judge deal with it
Deep thinking(半开放试题）
Tip:注意定位原文，提炼关键词，重组归纳。
Passage 4( 2020重庆B卷)
Characters: a judge(法官) Mike(a painter) Peter(a cook）Setting: a courtroom（法庭）A judge is sitting behind a desk. Mike and Peter are standing in front of her. Peter: Your honor. This man lives in a room above my restaurant. I heard him telling a friend that he was stealing from me. Mike: Smells, your honor! I just take the smells of the food coming up from the restaurant. Judge: (Looking at Mike)What do you do with the smells Mike: The smells help me imagine that I am eating a fine dinner. Judge:(To Peter)And how much do you want for these smells, sir Peter: The 5 coins he always carries. Mike: But my mother gave me the coins to save me when in need. Judge: (To Mike) Drop the coins onto the table, one at a time. (Mike drops the coins.)Case dismissed（结案）. Peter: What do you mean I didn't get paid!Judge: You want the SMELLS paid. Mike has now paid you in SOUNDS—the sounds of the coins.
What happened to Mike and Peter
Peter asks Mike to pay 5 coins for the smell.
How does the judge deal with it
He asks Mike to drop the coins in order to pay Peter in their sounds.
人物性格推断
( ) From the material, we can see that the judge is ________.
A. poor B. rich C. stupid D. wise
D
Tip:注意人物的行为与语言，把握字里行间的意思。
人物性格推断
Passage 5 (2020湖北黄冈)
The nurse, who had just arrived to work, heard about the situation and made a decision.
She took off her gold ring, took it to the cashier’s desk(收银台) and said she would use it to pay for the patient's bill. Although the ring was the only piece of valuable gift her parents gave her, the nurse gave it away to save the patient. Thanks to her help, the patient was at once transferred to another hospital and his life was saved. Though the patient was a stranger, the nurse gave so much to him.
( )What do you think of the nurse in the passage
A. Kind and helpful. B. Hardworking and brave.
C. Clever and active. D. Outgoing and careful.
A
The writer wrote the passage to________________________.
praise what the nurse did
抓题干
找定位
推逻辑
做判断
Passage 6 (2020 苏州)
( ) The material above is probably ____________.
A. a report B. an advertisement(广告)
C. a piece of news D. a novel
( )The main purpose of the advertisement is to__________.
A.encourage people to go and eat at the market
B.tell people the features of delicious Asian food
C.ask people to choose the food pictures they like
D.introduce some supporting companies to people
A
（四）作者意图观点推断
Tip:结合文章的主旨（注意主题句）和文体推断。
Dreaming of some fantastic family entertainment(娱乐，消遣，款待）？ The Night Noodle Markets could be just you and your family are looking for.
写作意图推断
Passage 7(2019重庆B卷)
When “A Youthful Asia” came out at the Asian Culture Carnival(嘉年华)，tears filled my eyes. It's Zhang Yixing, the singer and dancer standing there for us young people in China, and the very one who stopped me from falling.
........
I might have tried, but not as hard as he did... So I told myself I would also make a difference if I could hold on for a longer time.
...“It's colorless. I don't know what color effort is.” But effort pays...
( ) The writer mainly wants to tell us that________ .
A.sometimes people choose to live a life without color
B. we can make a difference if we work hard enough
C. great effort can make you a great singer and dancer
D. school life can be full of colors if we read more books
B
抓题干
找定位
推逻辑
做判断
写作语气/ 作者情感态度推断
Passage 8
Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news All I read is murder, bribery(行贿)， and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all the bad news.
( ) The passage is written in a/an _________ tone.
A.sad B. angry C. serious D. happy
B
happy
pleased
satisfied
angry
sad
hopeful
thankful
excited
serious
常见的表达语气的词：
写作语气/ 作者情感态度推断
Passage 9(2020重庆A卷)
... Last night I was alone at home. When I was watching a funny movie, I suddenly started laughing and couldn't stop myself.
At first, I was feeling good.
But after about 5 minutes, I came to know I wasn't going to stop at all. I began to feel a little worried.
...Suddenly I woke up. Thank God! I just had a dream.
( ) How did the writer's feelings change in the story
A. relaxed—angry—good B. good—excited—worried
C. good—worried—relaxed D. worried—good—angry
C
Tip:注意表达情感、态度和观点的词语，尤其是形容词。
写作对象、作者身份推断
Passage 10(2020 河南)
You also might have heard that sleepwalkers can get frightened if you wake them up. That’s true, so what do you do if you see someone sleepwalking You should call for a grown-up who can lead the person back to bed. And once the sleepwalker is tucked(掖好被子) back in bed, it’s time for you to get some sleep, too!
( ) Who is the text written for
A.Teachers B. Doctors C. Parents D. Children
D
开篇方式推断
Paragraph 11(2020重庆A卷)
When Goldie Nejat began developing robots in 2005, she spent much of her time knocking on doors to let people know how her robots worked but few showed interest. “But now, it's different，” says Nejat. “People calling from around the world ask when my robots are going to be ready.”
Nejat's robots are designed to fill an increasing need: care giving for the old. The population of the people over age 80 will be 426 million in 2050, three times larger than that now.
( ) The writer starts the passage by ________ .
A. telling two stories B. comparing two facts
C. raising a question D. giving an example
B
行文逻辑推断
Passage 11
Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers' experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices.
Some are against the idea of using such systems. Pam Dixon, the head of a privacy(隐私)group, is one of them. She thinks__▲__. For example, a business could raise the price of a product according to a person's age and feelings.
( )Which of the following sentences can be put in the__▲__？
A. nobody likes to have their feelings collected
B. it is very important to protect people's privacy
C. the strange actions may cause something unfair
D. businesses may use them to have more customers
C
句子还原
Tip:根据上下文语境逻辑推理。
Passage 12(2020 河北 )
Miss Mills said. "Dan did win! His next step is to rap on National Rap Star on TV. We can all give Dan a big hand. The class clapped and cheered for Dan. Miss Mills smiled.
Miss mills and his classmates were excited, but Dan threw himself onto his chair, silent. Dan could not rap on TV. In class, Dan could not do his physics. He could not think. Dan was not a kid who got nervous a lot, but he did not wish to rap on TV. Could he be lucky again Anyway, who wanted to lose Dan thought perhaps he would not attend the national competition. Then he would not have to rap on TV.
Dan's friends sensed something was going on his mind. They planned to give him some help. When Dan got to class the next day, he saw a sign on the wall. It said,"Dan, just rap like in our classroom!” Dan smiled. “ Perhaps it’s not that hard to rap on TV,” he thought.
( )What do you think happened later according to the story
A. Dan hated his friends for their push.
B. Dan forgot what he should rap on TV,
C. Dan attended the national competition.
D. Dan stopped rapping after the competition.
C
结局预测推断
Tip:根据上文语境逻辑推理。
隐含
意义
基于原文，逻辑推理出言外之意
来源
体裁
内容，用词行文风格
人物性格
人物行为与语言
写作意图
文章的主旨和文体
summary（Inference 1）
“Use it, or lose it”
types
skills
Step 3. Let’s put the skills into good use.
( )1. What helped people know about Jack's plan
A.Beautiful towers. B. Colorful posters.
C. A town building. D. A sandcastle day.
( )2. When learning about Jack's plan, Frank was ________.
A. doubtful B. interested C. satisfied D. nervous
( )3. What can we know about Jack's idea
A. It came from picture. B. It needed 30 people's support.
C. It proved Frank right. D. It did work well.
( )4. Which of the following best describes Jack
A. Honest. B. Creative C. Outgoing. D. Caring.
综合运用
(二) (2020福建)
B
A
D
B
抓题干
找定位
推逻辑
做判断
As for inference, here is only one truth----
Only by putting ourselves in the writer’s shoes and thinking a little further, can we make it “a piece of cake”.
综合运用
(一) (2020 南京)
A C D A