2022年中考英语动词的时态和语态专题训练题（有答案）

中考英语动词的时态和语态专题训练题
【总括】
动词时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架。因此时态与语态也是考试中出现频率最高的语法项目。英语有十六种时态，但常考的主要有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时及完成进行时等。语态一般不单独设题，通常结合时态进行综合考查。
（一）时态概念
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。英语中有十六种动词时态形式，但常见的有九种，见下表：
时态名称 表示 时间 表达的意义 例 句
一 般 现在 时 现 在 习惯于或经常性动作 Class begins at eight every morning .
状况 He looks very pale .
瞬间动作 There comes the school bus .
过 去 描述过去的事实，以求描述的生动性 The river rises higher and higher , breaks the banks and fills all low places .
将 来 固定不变或不易变的动作或状态 Tomorrow is Sunday .
（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作或状态 When he arrives ,we’ll go out to meet him . It will be 3 hours before I come back .
不受时间限制的动作或状态 The sun rises in the east . Practice makes perfect.
一 般 过 去 时 过 去 某时（或某段时间内）的动作 He traveled in France last year.
状态 He was in Shenzheng some years ago .
习惯动作 When I was at college , I wrote home once a month.
先后一连串动作 He went to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter.
现在或将来 非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟语气范畴 It’s time we had supper. If he arrived tomorrow , I should meet him at the airport.
一 般 将 来 时 将 来 某个时刻（或某段时间内）将要发生的动作，更多地用于带有条件从句的主句中 He will come next week . I’ll ask her as soon as she comes.
状态 Your dress will be ready soon.
现 在 预测现在某事可能要发生了 It’s ten o’clock . Mary will be in bed by now.
现在的习惯 A lion will never attack an elephant .
现在的需要 Shall I help you
对将来的事情现在作出决定 ---Which shirt do you want ---I’ll take the red one, please.
现 在 进 行 时 现 在 某时（或某段时间内）正在进行的动作 He is writing a letter now. She is visiting Shanghai this week .
婉转口气 I’m hoping to hear from you soon.
带有感彩的叙述 The boy is always talking in class.
将 来 按计划一般不易变更的动作 The train is leaving at 11:00 p.m..
（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作 When you are cycling along the street , don’t’ forget the traffic light.
过去进行时 过 去 某时（或时间段内）进行的动作 I was doing my homework this time last night.
故事发生的背景 The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
带有感彩的叙述 He was making trouble all the time .
过去说话前不久的动作 I was telling him his mother was ill .
婉转口气 I was hoping you could help me.
过去将来时 过去 间接引用某人过去的话和想法 He warned us that the journey would be dangerous .
习惯性动作 At dusk , these old ladies would sit in rocking chairs and talk.
现 在 非真实的动作或状态 If I were you , I would study French .
客气的请求 Would you mind helping me
愿望 I would like a cup of tea.
现 在 完 成 时 完 成 用 法 现在时间前完成的动作留下的结果或影响 He has turned off the light . I have been to Japan .
现在时间前已做的动作 He is reading the book that he has bought recently .
（在时间或条件从句中）表示在将来某个时间前先要做完的动作 I’ll return the book to you as soon as I have finished it .
未完成用法 直到现在为止尚未完成的动作 He has lived in Wuhan since last summer.
过 去 完 成 时 完成用法 过去某一时刻或某一事件前完成的动作或状态 By the end of last term we had learned 3000 English words.
未完成用法 过去某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成的动作 By December last year , he had worked in Beijing for five years .
其他用法 表示非真实的,想象的过去动作或状态 I wish I had told him about it . If she had worked harder , she would have succeeded. They had meant to see me off at the airport , but they got there too late.
时态的运用
1．现在时等表示将来时
A 用现在时表示将来时往往出现在以下状语从句中：if , unless , even if 等引导的条件状语从句；when , before ; after ; once ; until ; till ; as soon as ; (the moment ;immediately )等引导的时间状语从句；no matter what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how 或whatever/ whoever/ whenever/ wherever/ however/ whichever引导的让步状语从句。
在上述从句中如果主句是将来时（往往出现will , shall , can , must 等情态动词或祈使句），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
B有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中带有时间状语），但限于少数动词如begin , come , leave, go arrive , start , stop , return , open , close等。
2．过去时在语境中的运用
在没有明确时间状语的情况下，考生对过去时的判定往往会失误，原因是只凭汉语直译而不看语境。语境中的过去时往往表示“刚才、刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。
3.现在完成时与一般过去时
很容易将现在完成时误用为一般过去时，原因是没有深刻领会“现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响”这句话的含义。一般过去时仅仅说明动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。
4．某些固定的句式中的时态
】在某些固定的句式中，其时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
This / It is / will be the first / second ---time +that 从句一般用现在完成时，若主句be动词用was ,则that 从句用过去完成时。
It is / has been + 一段时间+since 从句。Since 从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is 改成was ，则since 从句中用过去完成时。
3) be about to do ---when ---意为“即将------（这时）突然------”
4) be (was / were ) doing--- when ---意为“正在干------（这时）突然------”。
5) Hardly had ---done ---when--- ; No sooner had --- done ---than---
when 和than 从句里也用过去时，表示“刚刚------就------”。
6) It + be +一段时间+before 从句
该句式分两种情况：若主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；若主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。
5.现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时主要表示动作开始于过去某时，一直持续到现在，当然中间动作有时并非无停顿。事实上现在完成进行时除了表示动作“已完成”的概念外，也可以表示动作“未完成”概念，一般可换用，但口语中更倾向于用现在完成进行时。
6.非延续性（终止性）动词怎样表示一段时间
非延续性动词有mary , die , close , arrive , post , come , fall , leave, go , break , give , join , jump , receive, buy , borrow , become , start , begin , graduate等。这些非延续性动词如果用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语for ---, since ---连用。
如果要表示一段时间，句中不能用终止性动词，一定要用相应的延续性动词。
语态
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由be动词+动词过去分词构成，时态通过be 的变化形式来体现。
动词say , believe , report , announce , suppose ,know ,consider ,hope 等以it 作主语时用被动语态，后面接that 从句。
【提示】　英语中有时用主动形式表示被动含义，主要有以下三种情况：谓语动词、非谓语动词和介词短语。
用谓语动词的形式表示被动含义
表示状态特征的连系动词look , sound , feel ,smell , taste , prove, appear+形容词/ 名词构成的系表结构。
2.表示“开始”、“结束”、“运动”的动词，如begin , finish , start , open , close , stop , end , shut , run, move.
3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write ,act , sell , wash , clean ,open , cook,lock ,shut ,dry ,eat , drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常加上一个修饰语。
4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如 ：print , build , cook , fry , hang ,make .
（二）用非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动含义
want , need , require 作“需要”讲时，后用动名词的主动形式表被动含义，这时动名词同句子的主语之间在逻辑上有动宾关系。
形容词worth 后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义
不定式在某些形容词（difficult ,easy ,hard ,comfortable , pleasant , fit ,unfit , light , heavy ,good , safe ,dangerous ）后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动含义，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb.
不定式作名词的后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语后宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动式表被动含义。
在there be 句型中修饰主语的动词不定式用主动形式和被动形式皆可。在口语中多用主动形式。：
不定式to let , to blame 等表示被动意义。
介词in , on , under 等+n. 构成的介词短语表示被动意义
The house facing the lake is in the possession of John.
=The house facing the lake is possessed by John.
The question is under discussion .=The question is being discussed .
【命题趋势】
历年来中考中时态题一般要求考生能够根据上下文捕捉和体会动作发生的时间信息，充分注意题干中语境，准确判断时态，弄清句子主语和谓语之间的主动关系和被动关系；熟练掌握英语动词的各种时态，并侧重区别一般过去时与现在完成时、一般过去时与过去完成时的用法。一般来说考进行时和完成时的频率更高一点。语态一般很少单独设题，往往穿插在时态中进行综合考查，要求考生掌握各种时态的被动形式尤其是现在进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态。
【中考冲刺题】
1. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy , who _____ without warning and bringing us presents .
always turns up B. has always turned up C. was turned up D. was always turning up
2.--- Did he notice you enter the room
--- I don’t think so . He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut .
listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened
3. --- Would you like to visit the temple
---- If I _______ a week off.
will have B. had C. have had D. would have
4.---Look !How long _________ like this
--- Three weeks ! It’s usual here that rain ________ without stopping these days at sea.
A .has it rained ; pours B. has it been raining ; pours
C. is it raining ; is pouring D. does it rain ; pours
5. I ____ to help you but I was not able to spare any time .I ____ a paper last night and I’ll finish it tonight .
wanted ;have been writing B. have wanted ; wrote
C. had wanted ; wrote D. had wanted ; was writing
6. The price ______ , but I doubt whether it will remain so .
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
7.In this experiment , they are woken up several times during the night , and asked to report what they _________ .
had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt
8. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _____ the cloth _____ well .
have told ; washes B. have been told ; washes C. was told ; washed D. have been told ; is washed
9. The car ran down the hill , and the driver __, according to the newspaper , to have been killed.
said B. was saying C. was said D. had been said
10.---Was that the first time _____ you ___ England’s coast .
--- Yes . It was .
./ ; left B. when ; have left C. when ; had left D. / had left
11. I should have written to you earlier , but _____ rather busy recently .
I’ve been B. I’d been C. I’m being D. I were
12. He will phone ____ he ______ his work .
for the moment ; sets about B. the moment ; sets about
C. the moment ; will set about D. for the moment ; will set about
13.---Kate returned home yesterday .
--- Really Where ____
has she been B. had she gone C. has she gone D. had she been
14.In such dry weather , the flowers will have to be watered if they ______.
have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
15. The TV sets made by our factory sell best , but 10 years ago no one could have guessed the place in the markets that they _______ .
were having B. were to have C. had had D. had
16.---Can you give me the right answer
--- Sorry , I ______ . Would you repeat that question
hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
17.I _____ violin lessons every two weeks , but I think I’ll make it every week from next month.
am having B. have had C. have D. have been having
18.---What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday evening
--- I ______ my homework and was starting to take a bath.
had just finished B. was finishing C. have already finished D. was going to finish
19.--- Your baby is too thin .
--- It could gain weight , but it _____ much .
doesn’t eat B. didn’t eat C. hadn’t been D. couldn’t eat
20.Please call again . Jim ______ a bath just now .
has had B. was having C. is having D. has
21. ---Why did you come by taxi
--- My bike broke down last night and I ____ it repaired .
A. didn’t have B. don’t have C. won’t have D. haven’t had
22. I don’t really work here . I _____until the new secretary arrives .
just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
23.You _____ television . Why not do something more active
A.always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching
24.--- Can you drive on the free way , Mr. Green
--- You can when you ____ a bit more skilled .
will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get
25. I _____ at the station half an hour ago , but the train ___ yet.
arrived ; hadn’t come B. was arriving ; hadn’t come
C. arrived ; hasn’t come D. had arrived ; didn’t come
26.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will ___ fresh for several days .
be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
27. The little girl _____ her heart out because she _____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it .
A . had cried ; lost B. cried ; had lost
C. has cried ; has lost D. cries ; has lost
28. I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child .
is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
29.Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes .
lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
30. Rainforests ____ and burned at such a great speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future .
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been out
动词时态和语态（解析）
答案：D。解析：always 常与进行时连用，表示某种反复的动作，往往表示不满、责备、赞扬等。didn’t like 发生在过去，故选 d。
答案：B。 解析：当时他在听收音机。
答案：B。 解析：if 引导的虚拟语气的从句。
答案：B。解析：表示从过去直到现在持续不断的动作。
答案：D。解析：had wanted to do 表示过去打算做某事但没有做成，过去进行时表示过去某段时间正在做的事情。
答案：C。解析：价格到说话时已下降，故用现在完成时。
答案：C。解析：dream 是从某时开始一直延续到现在还在进行的动作。
答案：B。解析：本句还是考查主动语态表示被动语态的用法。
答案：C。解析：“据说------”在英语中可用“ It is / was said that sb. / sth. --- ”句型来表示。该句型可变成：sb. / sth. is/ was said to --- 句式。因此本句应填不定式结构，drive 与kill 之间是被动关系，故选C。
10．答案：D。 解析：固定句式。因主句为过去时，所以从句用过去完成时。
11．答案：A。解析：recently 一词一般用在现在完成时态，故选A。
12．答案：B。解析：the moment 可作为连词词组引导时间状语从句，并且从句中用现在时表示将来时。
13．答案：D。 解析：Kate 昨天就到家了，所以打听她在此以前去哪儿，用D项。
14．答案：B。解析：be to do 结构在条件状语从句中表示“如果想，如果要---”，故选B。
15．答案：B。 解析：were to 在此句中表示相对于十年前来说将要发生的事，相当于过去将来时。原句的意思是“十年前没有人可能会料到我们厂的电视机会在市场上占有如今这个地位。”
16．答案：D。解析：从Would you repeat that question 一句可知“我刚才不在听”。故选D。
17．答案：D。
解析：每两周上小提琴课是到目前为止一直进行的动作，而且是反复做的习惯动作，该动词还需要延续到本月底，所以应用现在完成进行时。
18．答案：A。 解析：做完作业是在你昨晚打电话时刚完成的动作，故选A。
19．答案：A。解析：宝宝平时一直吃得不多，所以显得太瘦。
20．答案：C。解析：从语境来判断，本题中的just now 指此时，现在=right now 或at this moment .故用现在进行时。
21．答案：D。解析：我自行车还没修好，因而对现在造成的影响是现在还不能用，我只好打的过来。因此本题应用现在完成时，而不用一般过去时。
22．答案：C。解析：现在进行时指现阶段正在进行的动作。根据题意：“我只是在帮忙，直到新秘书到位为止。”故用C项。
23．答案：B。 解析：always 用于进行时表示一种感彩，此处表示“抱怨”。
24．答案：D。解析：时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来时。
25．答案：C。 解析：到车站是半个小时前的动作，yet 表示到现在火车还没到，故选C。
26．答案：B。 解析：stay 在此处是连系动词。
27．答案：B。解析：cry 是过去的动作，而lose 是在此以前的动作，故用过去完成时。
28．答案：A。 解析：be to blame 一般表示主语与blame 之间的被动关系，若选D项，应用被动语态should be blamed.
29．答案：B。 解析：条件从句中是现在时，主句应用将来时，job与lose 之间是被动关系，
30．答案：C。解析：首先，cut 是及物动词，与主语间应体现被动关系，故排除A。 文中 “at such a great speed that they will disappear ---in the near future”,表示目前正以惊人的速度被砍伐，因此应用现在进行时的被动语态
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