黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市重点中学2021-2022学年高二下学期英语开学考试

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黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市重点中学2021-2022学年高二下学期英语开学考试
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读理解
It's the most wonderful time of the year! The winter holidays are the perfect chance to get comfortable with a good book, and luckily we have some best-sellers right now. We're sure you'll find what you're looking for.
Sunday Funday by Katherine Hallgan
Hardback, $20（10 percent off with membership）
A great book full of seasonal activities that families and friends can enjoy together. From gardening projects to creative hand-made things and warming winter recipes (食谱), there's something for everyone, whatever the weather.
The History of the World in 100 Animals by Simon Barnes
Hardback, $16.99
This beautifully pictured book explores the good relationship between humans and animals, from bees to chimpanzees (黑猩猩) who share more than 90% of our DNA. If you are crazy about animals, this is the book for you.
Accidentally Famous by David Baddiel
Paperback, $12.99
Nothing amazing ever happens to Billy Smith but when TV workers visit his school he becomes popular, but as everyone knows, being famous comes with a price. David Baddiel's laugh-out-loud book asks what life would be like if everyone suddenly knew your name.
Eddie Albert and the Animal Gang by Paul O'Grady
Paperback, $15
This action-filled adventure from TV favourite Paul O'Grady follows a young boy with a very special gift—he can talk to animals! On a trip to Amsterdam, Eddie meets a monkey in danger and rescues the young creature with the help of his animal friends.
1．What is the member price for Sunday Funday
A．$20. B．$19. C．$18. D．$10
2．Which book is about the price of being famous
A．Sunday Funday
B．Eddie Albert and the Animal Cang.
C．Accidentally Famous.
D．The History of the World in 100 Animals.
3．What do the books by Simon Barnes and Paul O'Grady have in common
A．They are published in hardback.
B．They stress harmony with animals
C．They are full of beautiful pictures.
D．They speak of famous TV persons
【答案】1．C
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了基本适合寒假阅读的畅销书。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Sunday Funday by Katherine Hallgan部分中的“Hardback, $20（10 percent off with membership）”精装本20美元（会员优惠10%），可知，会员可以优惠10%，所以这本书的会员价应该是$18。故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据Accidentally Famousby David Baddiel部分中的“Nothing amazing ever happens to Billy Smith but when TV workers visit his school he becomes popular, but as everyone knows, being famous comes with a price.” Billy Smith 从来没有发生过什么惊人的事情，但当电视工作者参观他的学校时，他变得很受欢迎，但众所周知，成名是有代价的。可知，这本Accidentally Famous是关于成名的代价的。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据The History of the World in 100 Animals by Simon Barnes部分中的“This beautifully pictured book explores the good relationship between humans and animals”这本图画精美的书探讨了人与动物之间的良好关系；以及Eddie Albert and the Animal Gang by Paul O'Grady部分中的“…follows a young boy with a very special gift—he can talk to animals! ”……讲述了一个小男孩的故事，他有一个非常特别的天赋，可以和动物交谈！可知，Simon Barnes 和Paul O'Grady的书的共同之处就是他们都在介绍人与动物之间的关系，所以在强调人与动物的和谐相处。故选B。
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读理解
What's the biggest online shopping day in the world Not Valentine's Day. Not Cyber Monday or Black Friday. The winner is China's Singles' Day, celebrated on November11, or 11.11.
Singles' Day began as a day for unmarried or uncoupled people to celebrate their lives.
Single students, looking for an excuse to buy themselves presents, started it on November 11, 1993, reported The Guardian. Later it quickly became a cultural phenomenon which widespread in China. It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of November 11 and is also called Double Eleven, in reference to the day it was started, said the BBC. When it first began, "Singles' Day was very much an offline comfort to actual single people," noted the website Atlas Obscura." Then it became a major shopping day in 2009. The CEO of an online shopping site—Alibaba—tried to increase sales and started the yearly online sale on that day.
Last year, Alibaba sold more than $1 billion worth of products in the first three minutes of the sales. Total sales on Singles' Day soared to $9 billion within 24 hours. That's four times bigger than Cyber Monday in the U.S., which is on the Monday after Thanksgiving and traditionally a big shopping day. By comparison, online sales in the U.S. last year on Black Friday were just $1.5 billion, reported TechCrunch.
Today, Singles' Day is very successful. It's estimated that this year sales on China's Singles' Day will increase to a new high. In the U.S., Jennifer Wang, a co-founder of a company targeting Chinese-Americans, said, "Over 3 million people are expected to click our website for the Singles' Day." The influence of Singles' Day is growing.
4．How did the author introduce the topic of the passage in the first paragraph
A．By describing a holiday. B．By making a list.
C．By asking a question D．By listing data
5．What's the second paragraph mainly about
A．How Singles' Day came into being. B．When Singles' Day was started.
C．Who first celebrated Singles' Day. D．When Singles' Day became popular.
6．
A．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "soared" in Paragraph3
B．Increased sharply.
C．Decreased quickly.
D．Returned gradually.
7．Which of the following statement is true
A．Singles' Day is celebrated as a day for married couples.
B．The CEO of Alibaba firstly set up the special day.
C．Singles' Day has already spread to America. .
D．Online sales last year on Black Friday was bigger than Singles' Day.
【答案】4．C
5．A
6．A
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国的“双十一”这个购物节的产生原因以及对电商市场的影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段“What's the biggest online shopping day in the world Not Valentine's Day. Not Cyber Monday or Black Friday. The winner is China's Singles’ Day, celebrated on November11, or 11.11.”世界上最大的网上购物日是哪一天？不是情人节。不是网络星期一或黑色星期五。获胜者是在11月11日庆祝的中国光棍节。可知作者是通过提问在第一段中介绍这篇文章的主题的。故选C。
5．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Single students, looking for an excuse to buy themselves presents, started it on November11, 1993, reported The Guardian.”据《卫报》报道，单身学生为了寻找给自己买礼物的借口，于1993年11月11日开始了这项活动；以及“It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of November11 and is also called Double Eleven, in reference to the day it was started, said the BBC.”据英国广播公司报道，11月11日这天，它以四个数字1为象征，也被称为双11，指的是它开始的那一天。可知第二段主要讲光棍节是如何产生的。故选A。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Last year, Alibaba sold more than $1 billion worth of products in the first three minutes of the sales. Total sales on Singles’ Day soared to $9 billion within 24 hours.”去年，阿里巴巴在销售的前三分钟就售出了价值超过10亿美元的产品。光棍节的总销售额在24小时内 soared至90亿美元。可知，这里应该表达的是“飙升至90亿美元”，可推知soar是“急剧增加”之意，故选A。
7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In the U.S., Jennifer Wang, a co-founder of a company targeting Chinese-Americans, said, ‘Over 3 million people are expected to click our website for the Singles’ Day.’ The influence of Singles’ Day is growing.”在美国，一家针对华裔美国人的公司的联合创始人Jennifer Wang说，“光棍节预计会有300多万人点击我们的网站。”光棍节的影响越来越大。可知光棍节已经蔓延到美国。故选C。
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读理解
Most children now chat daily online or via their mobile phones. They are connecting to a huge community of other children all over the world. Some are shy "in real life" but socialise with confidence online; others find support from people of their own age on relationship issues, or problems at home.
Sometimes the online world, just like the real world, can introduce problems, such as bullying or arguments. Going online is great fun, but there are also a few people who use the Internet for offensive or illegal purposes. Children must be made aware of both the good things and the dangers.
To keep children safe, your supervision as a parent must cover the family computer. Just as you decide which TV programs are suitable, you need to do the same for the websites and chatrooms your children visit.
Remind children that online friends are still strangers. Reminding them of the risks will keep them alert(警惕的).
Computer studies are part of schoolwork now, so it's likely that your children may know more than you do. We get left behind when it comes to the interactive areas of websites, like chatrooms and message boards, which are especially strange. The language of chat is strange to many parents, too. Chatters love to use abbreviations(缩写)such as atb— all the best, bfn—bye for now, cul8er—see you later, gr8— great, idk—I don't know, kit— keep in touch, paw—parents are watching, lol—laugh out loud, xlnt—excellent! It seems like another language, and it is!
8．The passage is written for the ________.
A．children B．parents
C．teachers D．Internet bar owners
9．Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A．The chat language is strange to the adults.
B．The Internet is a good place for children.
C．The Internet is no good for children.
D．Children shouldn't go online.
10．According to the passage, we know that the author advises ________.
A．people not to use the net language
B．children not to meet friends freely
C．teachers to have students study on computers
D．parents to protect their children from online dangers
11．In order to keep children safe online, you'd better ________.
A．choose suitable websites and chatrooms for them
B．teach them to use the Internet
C．surf the Internet together with them
D．forbid them to use the Internet
12．If you stand beside your son when he is chatting about something secret online, he may use "________".
A．bfn B．lol C．paw D．cul8er
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．D
11．A
12．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；教育文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，告知父母如何帮助孩子健康上网，并描述了孩子们上网聊天的特点。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“To keep children safe, your supervision as a parent must cover the family computer.”为了保证孩子的安全，作为父母的你必须监督家庭电脑。可知，这篇文章是写给父母看的。故选B。
9．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“We get left behind when it comes to the interactive areas of websites, like chatrooms and message boards, which are especially strange. The language of chat is strange to many parents, too.”当涉及到网站的互动领域时，我们就落后了，比如聊天室和留言板，这些都是特别奇怪的。聊天的语言对许多家长来说也很奇怪。可知，作者认为聊天语言对成年人来说很奇怪。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Children must be made aware of both the good things and the dangers.”必须让孩子们知道好的方面和危险的方面；以及第三段中的“To keep children safe, your supervision as a parent must cover the family computer.”为了保证孩子的安全，作为父母的你必须监督家庭电脑。可知，作者建议父母保护孩子免受网络危险。故选D。
11．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Just as you decide which TV programs are suitable, you need to do the same for the websites and chatrooms your children visit.”就像你决定哪些电视节目适合你一样，你也需要为你的孩子访问的网站和聊天室做同样的决定。可知，作者建议家长为孩子选择合适的网站和聊天室来保证孩子的网络安全。故选A。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“paw—parents are watching”paw—父母在看着，可知，当你儿子在网上聊秘密的时候，如果你站在他旁边，他可能会使用“paw”告诉聊天对象他的聊天内容有人看着。故选C。
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读理解
There is a famous story about British poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was writing a poem when he was interrupted by a knock at the door.
This was an age before telephones. Someone was delivering a message. When Coleridge got back to his poem, he had lost his inspiration. His poetic mood had been broken by the knock on his door. His unfinished poem, which could otherwise have been a masterpiece, would now never be more than a fragment(碎片).
This story tells how unexpected communication can destroy an important thought, which bring us to the cellphone.
The most common complaint about cellphones is that people talk on them to the annoyance of people around them. But more damaging may be the cellphone's interruption of our thoughts.
We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is by and large(大体上)a healthy, protective development. "I didn't hear it ring" or "I didn't realize my phone had shut off" are among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we're beyond reach.
The notion(概念) of being unreachable is not a new concept—we have "Do Not Disturb" sign on the doors of hotel rooms. So why must we feel guilty when it comes to cellphones
Why must we apologize if we decide to shut off the phone for a while
Now time alone, or a conversation with someone next to us which cannot be interrupted by a phone, is something to be cherished. Even cellphone devotees(信徒), myself usually included, can't help at times wanting to throw their phone away, or curse the day they were invented.
But we don't and won't, and there really is no need. All that's required to take back our private time is a general social recognition that we have the right to it. In other words, we have to develop a healthy contempt (轻视) for the rings of our own phones.
A cellphone call deserves no greater priority than a random word from the person next to us，though the call on my cellphone may be the one-in-a-million from Steven Spielberg—who has finally read my novel and wants to make it his next movie. But most likely it is not, and I'm better off thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I'll eat for lunch.
13．What is the point of the anecdote(轶事)about the poet Coleridge in the first three paragraphs
A．To direct readers' attention to the main topic.
B．To show how important inspiration is to a poet.
C．To emphasize the disadvantage of not having a cellphone.
D．To encourage readers to read the works of this poet.
14．What does the writer think about people telling "white lies" about their cellphones
A．It is a way of signaling that you don't like the caller.
B．It is natural to tell lies about small things
C．It is basically a good way to protect one's privacy.
D．We should feel guilty when we can't tell the truth.
15．What does the last paragraph suggest
A．A person who calls us from afar deserves more of our attention.
B．Steven Spielberg once called the author to talk about the author's novel.
C．You should always finish your lunch before you answer a call on the cellphone.
D．Never let cellphones disturb your life too much.
【答案】13．A
14．C
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了现代社会里人们越来越受到手机的干扰，并对此进行了详细叙述。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
13．考查推理判断。根据第三段“This story tells how unexpected communication can destroy an important thought, which bring us to the cellphone.”这个故事告诉我们意想不到的交流是如何摧毁一个重要的想法的，它把我们带到了手机上。可推知，作者使用这个例子为了引出下面讨论的话题，故选A。
14．考查细节理解。根据第五段“We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is by and large a healthy, protective development. ‘I didn’t hear it ring’ or ‘I didn’t realize my phone had shut off’ are among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we’re beyond reach.”我们已经进入了一个关于手机的善意谎言的黄金时代，这基本上是一个健康的、保护性的发展。“我没听到电话响”或“我没意识到我的手机已经关机了”，这些都是我们为了给自己留点空间而说的谎话。可知，对于人们对自己的手机说“善意的谎言”，作者认为这基本上是一个保护个人隐私的好方法。故选C。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“A cellphone call deserves no greater priority than a random word from the person next to us, though the call on my cellphone may be the one-in-a-million from Steven Spielberg—who has finally read my novel and wants to make it his next movie. But most likely it is not, and I’m better off thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I’ll eat for lunch.”一个电话的重要性不应该超过我们身边的人的一个随机的单词，尽管我手机上的电话可能是史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格的百万分之一——他终于读了我的小说，并想把它拍成他的下一部电影。但它很可能不是，我最好想想我刚刚想到的新故事的想法，或者我午餐要吃的那块披萨。可知，最后一段的意思是不要让手机过多地干扰你的生活。故选D。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）任务型阅读
Public Speaking Training
●Get a coach
　16． 　so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.
●Focus on positives
Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. 　17． 　, so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.
●　18． 　
If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. 　19． 　. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.
●You are a special person not a clone
Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 　20． 　. Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.
A. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
B. The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep
C. Whatever the speech, public speaking is tough
D. Cheek the rules about dos and don'ts
E. Turn your back on too many rules
F. You already do lots of things well G. You aren't like anybody else
【答案】16．C；17．F；18．E；19．A；20．G
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了进行公共演讲的训练要点。你可以找到一个教练帮助你进行公众演讲训练也可以参加公众演讲训练课，并且指出应该找到适合自己的培训机构。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空后“Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses”由于大约有10亿家公司准备为你提供公开演讲训练和课程；以及“so get help”因此，要求助。可知，公开演讲不容易，我们要寻求帮助，可以参加相关的课程。C. Whatever the speech, public speaking is tough“无论什么样的演讲，公开演讲都很难”符合语境，故选C。
17．根据空前“Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well.”没有什么比被告知你做得不好更能伤害信心了；以及空后“so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.”因此，好的公开演讲培训应该培养这些能力，而不是告诉你不应该做什么。可推知，空处应陈述培训机构应该对参加培训人进行正面积极的评价。 F. You already do lots of things well “你已经把很多事情做好了”符合语境，且呼应小标题“Focus on positives”关注积极的方面。故选F。
18．根据空后“If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts, walk away!”如果你发现一门公共演讲课程似乎会给你很多应该做和不应该做的事情，那就走吧！可知，如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，就不要参加，即要对条条框框说不。 E. Turn your back on too many rules “要对条条框框说不“作为本段主旨，符合语境。故选E。
19．根据空前“Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about.”你的脑子里满是你要说的东西。可知，脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟。 A. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse “因此试图将一整套规则强行纳入其中只会使事情变得更糟”符合语境，故选A。
20．根据本段小标题“You are a special person not a clone”你是一个特别的人而不是一个克隆人；以及上文“Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one，with your own personal habits.”最重要的是，良好的公共演讲培训应该把你当成一个特殊的人，有你自己的个人习惯。可知，此处要说明，每个人都是与众不同的，有自己的习惯。 G. You aren't like anybody else “你和其他任何人都不一样”符合语境，且呼应标题。故选G。
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）完形填空
When things around the
house stop working, people probably just throw them away. There are many 21． for
this trend. In some areas, it's difficult to find people who can make repairs,
and 22． things
can be expensive. Also, some small appliances are so cheap that it's easier to 23． buy
a new one.
Martine Postma decided there must be a better way. Her 24． was Repair Cafés: places where people can take damaged or torn items. There they will find tools, 25． and volunteer experts to help with repairs.
Postma's first Repair
Café opened in 2009 and was a huge 26． .
News of the café spread, and people began asking how they could 27． their
own. In 2011, Postma established the Repair Café Foundation. This 28． organization
provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group.
Today, there are roughly 2,000 Repair cafés around the world. Everything is
free, but donations are greatly 29． .
The cafés not only
provide help with repairs, they also 30． community ties. Postma has often heard
visitors say, "This is the kind of world I want to 31． !" In addition, valuable 32． is
passed along and preserved.
In an interview, Postma described how 33． it is watching people who really want to help one another. Postma summed up the 34． of Repair Cafés best in the following words: "Everyone is a/an 35． and a receiver."
21．A．benefits B．chances C．reasons D．goals
22．A．throwing B．buying C．making D．fixing
23．A．just B．even C．ever D．seldom
24．A．achievement B．solution C．curiosity D．result
25．A．resources B．money C．chances D．rooms
26．A．luck B．fame C．success D．attempt
27．A．buy B．start C．make D．find
28．A．nonprofit B．business C．culture D．chain
29．A．responded B．suggested C．appreciated D．refused
30．A．test B．strengthen C．build D．earn
31．A．praise B．pass by C．live in D．discover
32．A．knowledge B．lesson C．habit D．routine
33．A．exciting B．tiring C．surprising D．embarrassing
34．A．custom B．mission C．journey D．concern
35．A．host B．owner C．organizer D．giver
【答案】21．C；22．D；23．A；24．B；25．A；26．C；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．B；31．C；32．A；33．A；34．B；35．D
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Martine Postma开了一家维修咖啡馆，免费为需要维修物品的人们提供工具物资等，这样的方式有效的加深了社区间的联系。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：这种趋势有很多原因。A. benefits“益处”；B. chances“机会”；C. reasons“原因”；D. goals“目标”。根据下文可知，多种原因造就了上文所述的“当家里东西不能用时，就直接扔掉”这样的情况。故选C。
22．句意：在一些地区，很难找到会修理的人，而且修理费可能很贵。A. throwing“扔”；B. buying“买”；C. making“制作”；D. fixing“修理”。根据空前“make repairs”可知，此处表示维修起来很贵，故选D。
23．句意：此外，一些小家电非常便宜，买一台新的简单多了。A. just“只是，仅仅”；B. even“甚至”；C. ever“曾经”；D. seldom“很少”。根据空前“Also, some small appliances are so cheap ”可知，小家电很便宜，损坏后直接买新的更方便。故选A。
24．句意：她的解决方法是维修咖啡馆：人们可以将损坏或破损物品带去的地方。A. achievement“成就”；B. solution“解决方法”；C. curiosity“好奇心”；D. result“结果”。根据空前“a better way”可知，此处指Postma想到的方法。故选B。
25．句意：在那里，他们能找到工具、资源和志愿的维修行家来帮助修理。A. resources“资源”；B. money“金钱”；C. chances“机会”；D. rooms“房间”。根据空后“help with repairs”可知，他们能找到工具、资源和志愿的维修行家来帮助修理。故选A。
26．句意：Postma的第一家维修咖啡馆于2009年开业，取得了巨大成功。A. luck“运气”；B. fame“名声”；C. success“成功”；D. attempt“尝试”。根据下文“News of the café spread”可知，这个维修咖啡馆开得很成功。故选C。
27．句意：这家咖啡馆的消息传开了，人们开始问他们怎样才能自己开维修咖啡馆。A. buy“买”；B. start“开办”；C. make“制作”；D. find“发现”。根据下文“those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group”中的提示词begin可知，此处表示开办。故选B。
28．句意：这个非营利组织为那些希望成立自己的社区修复组织的人提供指导。A. nonprofit“非盈利的”；B. business“商业”；C. culture“文化”；D. chain“连锁”。根据下文“Everything is free”可知，这是一个非盈利组织。故选A。
29．句意：一切都是免费的，但也非常感谢捐赠。A. responded“回应”；B. suggested“建议”； C. appreciated“感激”；D. refused“拒绝”。根据空前but可知，什么都是免费的，但是如果捐赠的话，也十分感谢。故选C。
30．句意：咖啡馆不仅提供维修服务，还加强了社区联系。A. test“测试”；B. strengthen“加强”；C. build“修建”；D. earn“赚取”。根据下文访客的话可知，咖啡馆加深了社区间的关系。故选B。
31．句意：这就是我想要生活的世界！A. praise“赞扬”；B. pass by“路过”；C. live in“住在，居住于”；D. discover“发现”。根据上文可知咖啡馆加深了社区人们之间的联系，这正是人人想居住社区环境。故选C。
32．句意：此外，有价值的知识也被传递和保存。A. knowledge“知识”；B. lesson“课程”；C. habit“习惯”；D. instruction“指南”。根据空后“passed along and preserved”可知，“knowledge”符合句意。故选A。
33．句意：在一次采访中，Postma描述了看到人们真正的互相帮助是多么地令人激动。A. exciting“令人激动的”；B. tiring“令人困倦的”；C. surprising“令人吃惊的”；D. embarrassing“令人尴尬的”。根据下文可知，Postma看到大家真诚地互相帮助，感到很激动。故选A。
34．句意：Postma用下面的话总结了维修咖啡馆的使命：“每个人都是给予者和接受者。”A. custom“风俗”；B. mission“使命”；C. journey“旅程”；D. experience“经验”。根据下文“ Everyone is a/an 15 and a receiver. ”每个人都是给予者和接受者，可知，付出与回报是维修咖啡馆的使命。故选B。
35．句意：Postma用下面的话总结了维修咖啡馆的使命：“每个人都是给予者和接受者。”A. host“主人”；B. owner“物主”；C. organizer“组织者”；D. giver“给予者”。根据空后“receiver”可知此处指“给予者”。故选D。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　36． 　(sit) back in my seat, I can't believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was "impossible". The train has been racing along 　37． 　(steady) since it left Xining.
I was one of the people 　38． 　came from all parts of China to work on this railway. Taking years to complete the Qinghai - Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome 　39． 　most difficult challenges. How 　40． 　(protect) the ecosystem was among the top concerns. The first landmark 　41． 　(catch) my eye is the Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge built over permafrost. To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges 　42． 　(build) between Golmud and Lhasa.
Tanggula Station, 　43． 　(locate) at over 5,000 metres above sea level, is the highest railway station in the world. To make sure we stayed healthy, several oxygen - making stations were constructed. Passing Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and 　44． 　(achieve). Along the lake we built a twenty - kilometre wall to protect the lake 　45． 　construction waste.
I'm proud that we built our "impossible" railway. It truly is an extraordinary "Sky Railway".
【答案】36．Sitting；37．steadily；38．who/that；39．the；40．to protect；41．to catch；42．were built；43．located；44．achievement；45．from
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了作者回忆当年克服最艰巨的挑战，在保护生态环境的基础上成功建成青藏铁路，以及如今体验这条线路时的所见所感。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，定语从句，冠词，时态语态，名词，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：坐靠在椅背上，我简直不敢相信我要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能”的铁路旅行。sit与逻辑主语I为主谓关系，应用现在分词，设空处在句首，单词首字母大写。故填Sitting。
37．句意：火车离开西宁后一直在平稳地疾驶。设空处应用副词，修饰动词race，作状语，故填steadily。
38．句意：我是从中国各地赶来修筑这条铁路的人之一。 came from all parts of China to work on this railway是限制性定语从句， the people为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 who/that 。故填 who/that 。
39．句意：青藏铁路历时数年建成，是我们克服最艰巨挑战的艰苦奋斗的记录。设空处后接形容词最高级，应用定冠词，故填the。
40．句意：如何保护生态系统是最重要的问题之一。分析句子结构可知，句子涉及到“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”，作主语。故填to protect。
41．句意：第一个吸引我眼球的地标是清水河大桥，这是世界上最长的建在永久冻土上的桥。设空处前的名词landmark有序数词first修饰，应用动词不定式作定语，“the+序数词+（名词）+动词不定式”，意为“第……个做……的”，故填to catch。
42．句意：为了防止对湿地和草原的破坏，格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥梁。分析句子结构可知，设空处为谓语动词，根据文章语境，应用一般过去时态，动词build与主语675 bridges为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数，助动词应用were。故填were built。
43．句意：唐古拉火车站位于海拔5000米以上，是世界上最高的火车站。动词locate与逻辑主语Tanggula Station之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词located，作后置定语。故填located。
44．句意：经过措纳湖，我感到一种自豪和成就感。设空处与名词pride并列，作of 的宾语，故填achievement。
45．句意：我们沿着湖筑了一堵20公里长的墙，以保护湖不受建筑垃圾的侵蚀。protect ...from...，固定短语，“保护……不受……之害”，故填from。
五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
46．（2022高二下·龙江开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10
处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
I have a dream to be a doctor. About third years ago, I am badly injured in a car accident. The ambulance rushed me to the nearest hospital, that the doctors and nurses did their best to look for me. Five days late, I was getting better. I watched the doctors to perform their duties tirelessly but offer all their patients the best treatment available. My experience in that hospital great influenced me. Ever since then, I made it my life's ambition to fight against diseases and save lives. I know my dream will come true if I keep work hard for it.
【答案】①third→three ②am→was ③that→where ④for→after ⑤late→later ⑥去掉to ⑦but→and ⑧great→greatly ⑨在made前加have ⑩work→working
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者曾经在一次车祸中受了重伤，得到了医生和护士尽心的照顾，作者更坚定了自己要当医生的决心。
（1）句意：大约三年前，我在一场车祸中受了重伤。由years可知，years前应用基数词three，故third改为three。
（2）句意：大约三年前，我在一场车祸中受了重伤。根据语境可知，句子描述三年前的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语是 I，因此应为“was badly injured”。故am改为was。
（3）句意：救护车迅速把我送到最近的医院，那里的医生和护士尽力照顾我。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词hospital是地方，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故that改为where。
（4）句意：救护车迅速把我送到最近的医院，那里的医生和护士尽力照顾我。医生和护士是尽力照顾我，“照顾”是固定短语look after，故for改为after。
（5）句意：五天以后我好多了。“......以后”应用later，作状语，故late改为later。
（6）句意：我看着医生们不知疲倦地履行职责，为他们所有的病人提供最好的治疗。watch后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，watch sb. do sth.固定短语，“看着某人做某事”，故去掉to。
（7）句意：我看着医生们不知疲倦地履行职责，为他们所有的病人提供最好的治疗。“perform their duties tirelessly”和“offer all their patients the best treatment available”是并列关系，用and连接，故but改为and。
（8）句意：我在那家医院的经历对我影响很大。修饰动词influenced应用副词greatly，故great改为greatly。
（9）句意：从那时起，我就把与疾病作斗争和拯救生命作为我的人生抱负。根据时间状语ever since then ，可知谓语动词应用现在完成时，故 在made前加have。
（10）句意：我知道如果我继续努力学习我的梦想会成真。keep doing，固定短语，“一直做某事”，故将work改为working。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及数词，时态，主谓一致，定语从句，介词，非谓语动词，连词，副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
六、书面表达（满分25分）
47．（2022高二下·龙江开学考）假定你是李华，你校英文版的官方网站上开辟了一个专栏: Opinion。本期话题是如何解决因手机依赖（phone addiction）产生的亲子矛盾问题。请你围绕标题用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈自己的一些看法或做法，内容包括：1）陈述问题；2）解决问题的方法
注意：1）词数 80 左右;
2）可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
My opinion on smartphone addiction among teenagers
【答案】My opinion on smartphone addiction among teenagers
With the development of apps, young people have become more dependent on smartphones. The overuse of phones is likely to cause problems between teenagers and their parents. Here is my opinion on how to deal with such conflicts caused by phone addiction.
First of all, it is important and necessary for us to talk with our parents and set rules on how to use our phones. Once reached, the agreement has to be strictly executed. Only in this way can we prevent any unpleasantness from happening. Being more active and participating in more activities will also help reduce our reliance on phones. Last but not least, we can turn to professionals for an effective approach to free us from our phone dependence, if necessary.
No matter what approach we use, we have to realize that it is our parents who we should always trust and depend on in life.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇短文投稿, 谈谈自己的一些看法或做法。写作背景：你校英文版的官方网站上开辟了一个专栏: Opinion。本期话题是如何解决因手机依赖（phone addiction）产生的亲子矛盾问题。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）陈述问题 2）解决问题的方法 。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： Here is my opinion on how to deal with such conflicts caused by phone addiction.运用了倒装句；First of all, it is important and necessary for us to talk with our parents and set rules on how to use our phones.运用了it作形式主语； Once reached, the agreement has to be strictly executed. 运用了省略；Only in this way can we prevent any unpleasantness from happening.运用了倒装句；
No matter what approach we use, we have to realize that it is our parents who we should always trust and depend on in life.运用了让步状语从句，限制性定语从句。
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黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市重点中学2021-2022学年高二下学期英语开学考试
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读理解
It's the most wonderful time of the year! The winter holidays are the perfect chance to get comfortable with a good book, and luckily we have some best-sellers right now. We're sure you'll find what you're looking for.
Sunday Funday by Katherine Hallgan
Hardback, $20（10 percent off with membership）
A great book full of seasonal activities that families and friends can enjoy together. From gardening projects to creative hand-made things and warming winter recipes (食谱), there's something for everyone, whatever the weather.
The History of the World in 100 Animals by Simon Barnes
Hardback, $16.99
This beautifully pictured book explores the good relationship between humans and animals, from bees to chimpanzees (黑猩猩) who share more than 90% of our DNA. If you are crazy about animals, this is the book for you.
Accidentally Famous by David Baddiel
Paperback, $12.99
Nothing amazing ever happens to Billy Smith but when TV workers visit his school he becomes popular, but as everyone knows, being famous comes with a price. David Baddiel's laugh-out-loud book asks what life would be like if everyone suddenly knew your name.
Eddie Albert and the Animal Gang by Paul O'Grady
Paperback, $15
This action-filled adventure from TV favourite Paul O'Grady follows a young boy with a very special gift—he can talk to animals! On a trip to Amsterdam, Eddie meets a monkey in danger and rescues the young creature with the help of his animal friends.
1．What is the member price for Sunday Funday
A．$20. B．$19. C．$18. D．$10
2．Which book is about the price of being famous
A．Sunday Funday
B．Eddie Albert and the Animal Cang.
C．Accidentally Famous.
D．The History of the World in 100 Animals.
3．What do the books by Simon Barnes and Paul O'Grady have in common
A．They are published in hardback.
B．They stress harmony with animals
C．They are full of beautiful pictures.
D．They speak of famous TV persons
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读理解
What's the biggest online shopping day in the world Not Valentine's Day. Not Cyber Monday or Black Friday. The winner is China's Singles' Day, celebrated on November11, or 11.11.
Singles' Day began as a day for unmarried or uncoupled people to celebrate their lives.
Single students, looking for an excuse to buy themselves presents, started it on November 11, 1993, reported The Guardian. Later it quickly became a cultural phenomenon which widespread in China. It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of November 11 and is also called Double Eleven, in reference to the day it was started, said the BBC. When it first began, "Singles' Day was very much an offline comfort to actual single people," noted the website Atlas Obscura." Then it became a major shopping day in 2009. The CEO of an online shopping site—Alibaba—tried to increase sales and started the yearly online sale on that day.
Last year, Alibaba sold more than $1 billion worth of products in the first three minutes of the sales. Total sales on Singles' Day soared to $9 billion within 24 hours. That's four times bigger than Cyber Monday in the U.S., which is on the Monday after Thanksgiving and traditionally a big shopping day. By comparison, online sales in the U.S. last year on Black Friday were just $1.5 billion, reported TechCrunch.
Today, Singles' Day is very successful. It's estimated that this year sales on China's Singles' Day will increase to a new high. In the U.S., Jennifer Wang, a co-founder of a company targeting Chinese-Americans, said, "Over 3 million people are expected to click our website for the Singles' Day." The influence of Singles' Day is growing.
4．How did the author introduce the topic of the passage in the first paragraph
A．By describing a holiday. B．By making a list.
C．By asking a question D．By listing data
5．What's the second paragraph mainly about
A．How Singles' Day came into being. B．When Singles' Day was started.
C．Who first celebrated Singles' Day. D．When Singles' Day became popular.
6．
A．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "soared" in Paragraph3
B．Increased sharply.
C．Decreased quickly.
D．Returned gradually.
7．Which of the following statement is true
A．Singles' Day is celebrated as a day for married couples.
B．The CEO of Alibaba firstly set up the special day.
C．Singles' Day has already spread to America. .
D．Online sales last year on Black Friday was bigger than Singles' Day.
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读理解
Most children now chat daily online or via their mobile phones. They are connecting to a huge community of other children all over the world. Some are shy "in real life" but socialise with confidence online; others find support from people of their own age on relationship issues, or problems at home.
Sometimes the online world, just like the real world, can introduce problems, such as bullying or arguments. Going online is great fun, but there are also a few people who use the Internet for offensive or illegal purposes. Children must be made aware of both the good things and the dangers.
To keep children safe, your supervision as a parent must cover the family computer. Just as you decide which TV programs are suitable, you need to do the same for the websites and chatrooms your children visit.
Remind children that online friends are still strangers. Reminding them of the risks will keep them alert(警惕的).
Computer studies are part of schoolwork now, so it's likely that your children may know more than you do. We get left behind when it comes to the interactive areas of websites, like chatrooms and message boards, which are especially strange. The language of chat is strange to many parents, too. Chatters love to use abbreviations(缩写)such as atb— all the best, bfn—bye for now, cul8er—see you later, gr8— great, idk—I don't know, kit— keep in touch, paw—parents are watching, lol—laugh out loud, xlnt—excellent! It seems like another language, and it is!
8．The passage is written for the ________.
A．children B．parents
C．teachers D．Internet bar owners
9．Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A．The chat language is strange to the adults.
B．The Internet is a good place for children.
C．The Internet is no good for children.
D．Children shouldn't go online.
10．According to the passage, we know that the author advises ________.
A．people not to use the net language
B．children not to meet friends freely
C．teachers to have students study on computers
D．parents to protect their children from online dangers
11．In order to keep children safe online, you'd better ________.
A．choose suitable websites and chatrooms for them
B．teach them to use the Internet
C．surf the Internet together with them
D．forbid them to use the Internet
12．If you stand beside your son when he is chatting about something secret online, he may use "________".
A．bfn B．lol C．paw D．cul8er
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读理解
There is a famous story about British poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was writing a poem when he was interrupted by a knock at the door.
This was an age before telephones. Someone was delivering a message. When Coleridge got back to his poem, he had lost his inspiration. His poetic mood had been broken by the knock on his door. His unfinished poem, which could otherwise have been a masterpiece, would now never be more than a fragment(碎片).
This story tells how unexpected communication can destroy an important thought, which bring us to the cellphone.
The most common complaint about cellphones is that people talk on them to the annoyance of people around them. But more damaging may be the cellphone's interruption of our thoughts.
We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is by and large(大体上)a healthy, protective development. "I didn't hear it ring" or "I didn't realize my phone had shut off" are among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we're beyond reach.
The notion(概念) of being unreachable is not a new concept—we have "Do Not Disturb" sign on the doors of hotel rooms. So why must we feel guilty when it comes to cellphones
Why must we apologize if we decide to shut off the phone for a while
Now time alone, or a conversation with someone next to us which cannot be interrupted by a phone, is something to be cherished. Even cellphone devotees(信徒), myself usually included, can't help at times wanting to throw their phone away, or curse the day they were invented.
But we don't and won't, and there really is no need. All that's required to take back our private time is a general social recognition that we have the right to it. In other words, we have to develop a healthy contempt (轻视) for the rings of our own phones.
A cellphone call deserves no greater priority than a random word from the person next to us，though the call on my cellphone may be the one-in-a-million from Steven Spielberg—who has finally read my novel and wants to make it his next movie. But most likely it is not, and I'm better off thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I'll eat for lunch.
13．What is the point of the anecdote(轶事)about the poet Coleridge in the first three paragraphs
A．To direct readers' attention to the main topic.
B．To show how important inspiration is to a poet.
C．To emphasize the disadvantage of not having a cellphone.
D．To encourage readers to read the works of this poet.
14．What does the writer think about people telling "white lies" about their cellphones
A．It is a way of signaling that you don't like the caller.
B．It is natural to tell lies about small things
C．It is basically a good way to protect one's privacy.
D．We should feel guilty when we can't tell the truth.
15．What does the last paragraph suggest
A．A person who calls us from afar deserves more of our attention.
B．Steven Spielberg once called the author to talk about the author's novel.
C．You should always finish your lunch before you answer a call on the cellphone.
D．Never let cellphones disturb your life too much.
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）任务型阅读
Public Speaking Training
●Get a coach
　16． 　so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.
●Focus on positives
Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. 　17． 　, so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.
●　18． 　
If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. 　19． 　. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.
●You are a special person not a clone
Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 　20． 　. Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.
A. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
B. The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep
C. Whatever the speech, public speaking is tough
D. Cheek the rules about dos and don'ts
E. Turn your back on too many rules
F. You already do lots of things well G. You aren't like anybody else
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）完形填空
When things around the
house stop working, people probably just throw them away. There are many 21． for
this trend. In some areas, it's difficult to find people who can make repairs,
and 22． things
can be expensive. Also, some small appliances are so cheap that it's easier to 23． buy
a new one.
Martine Postma decided there must be a better way. Her 24． was Repair Cafés: places where people can take damaged or torn items. There they will find tools, 25． and volunteer experts to help with repairs.
Postma's first Repair
Café opened in 2009 and was a huge 26． .
News of the café spread, and people began asking how they could 27． their
own. In 2011, Postma established the Repair Café Foundation. This 28． organization
provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group.
Today, there are roughly 2,000 Repair cafés around the world. Everything is
free, but donations are greatly 29． .
The cafés not only
provide help with repairs, they also 30． community ties. Postma has often heard
visitors say, "This is the kind of world I want to 31． !" In addition, valuable 32． is
passed along and preserved.
In an interview, Postma described how 33． it is watching people who really want to help one another. Postma summed up the 34． of Repair Cafés best in the following words: "Everyone is a/an 35． and a receiver."
21．A．benefits B．chances C．reasons D．goals
22．A．throwing B．buying C．making D．fixing
23．A．just B．even C．ever D．seldom
24．A．achievement B．solution C．curiosity D．result
25．A．resources B．money C．chances D．rooms
26．A．luck B．fame C．success D．attempt
27．A．buy B．start C．make D．find
28．A．nonprofit B．business C．culture D．chain
29．A．responded B．suggested C．appreciated D．refused
30．A．test B．strengthen C．build D．earn
31．A．praise B．pass by C．live in D．discover
32．A．knowledge B．lesson C．habit D．routine
33．A．exciting B．tiring C．surprising D．embarrassing
34．A．custom B．mission C．journey D．concern
35．A．host B．owner C．organizer D．giver
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022高二下·龙江开学考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　36． 　(sit) back in my seat, I can't believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was "impossible". The train has been racing along 　37． 　(steady) since it left Xining.
I was one of the people 　38． 　came from all parts of China to work on this railway. Taking years to complete the Qinghai - Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome 　39． 　most difficult challenges. How 　40． 　(protect) the ecosystem was among the top concerns. The first landmark 　41． 　(catch) my eye is the Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge built over permafrost. To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges 　42． 　(build) between Golmud and Lhasa.
Tanggula Station, 　43． 　(locate) at over 5,000 metres above sea level, is the highest railway station in the world. To make sure we stayed healthy, several oxygen - making stations were constructed. Passing Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and 　44． 　(achieve). Along the lake we built a twenty - kilometre wall to protect the lake 　45． 　construction waste.
I'm proud that we built our "impossible" railway. It truly is an extraordinary "Sky Railway".
五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
46．（2022高二下·龙江开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10
处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
I have a dream to be a doctor. About third years ago, I am badly injured in a car accident. The ambulance rushed me to the nearest hospital, that the doctors and nurses did their best to look for me. Five days late, I was getting better. I watched the doctors to perform their duties tirelessly but offer all their patients the best treatment available. My experience in that hospital great influenced me. Ever since then, I made it my life's ambition to fight against diseases and save lives. I know my dream will come true if I keep work hard for it.
六、书面表达（满分25分）
47．（2022高二下·龙江开学考）假定你是李华，你校英文版的官方网站上开辟了一个专栏: Opinion。本期话题是如何解决因手机依赖（phone addiction）产生的亲子矛盾问题。请你围绕标题用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈自己的一些看法或做法，内容包括：1）陈述问题；2）解决问题的方法
注意：1）词数 80 左右;
2）可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
My opinion on smartphone addiction among teenagers
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了基本适合寒假阅读的畅销书。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Sunday Funday by Katherine Hallgan部分中的“Hardback, $20（10 percent off with membership）”精装本20美元（会员优惠10%），可知，会员可以优惠10%，所以这本书的会员价应该是$18。故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据Accidentally Famousby David Baddiel部分中的“Nothing amazing ever happens to Billy Smith but when TV workers visit his school he becomes popular, but as everyone knows, being famous comes with a price.” Billy Smith 从来没有发生过什么惊人的事情，但当电视工作者参观他的学校时，他变得很受欢迎，但众所周知，成名是有代价的。可知，这本Accidentally Famous是关于成名的代价的。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据The History of the World in 100 Animals by Simon Barnes部分中的“This beautifully pictured book explores the good relationship between humans and animals”这本图画精美的书探讨了人与动物之间的良好关系；以及Eddie Albert and the Animal Gang by Paul O'Grady部分中的“…follows a young boy with a very special gift—he can talk to animals! ”……讲述了一个小男孩的故事，他有一个非常特别的天赋，可以和动物交谈！可知，Simon Barnes 和Paul O'Grady的书的共同之处就是他们都在介绍人与动物之间的关系，所以在强调人与动物的和谐相处。故选B。
【答案】4．C
5．A
6．A
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意题；社会文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国的“双十一”这个购物节的产生原因以及对电商市场的影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第一段“What's the biggest online shopping day in the world Not Valentine's Day. Not Cyber Monday or Black Friday. The winner is China's Singles’ Day, celebrated on November11, or 11.11.”世界上最大的网上购物日是哪一天？不是情人节。不是网络星期一或黑色星期五。获胜者是在11月11日庆祝的中国光棍节。可知作者是通过提问在第一段中介绍这篇文章的主题的。故选C。
5．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Single students, looking for an excuse to buy themselves presents, started it on November11, 1993, reported The Guardian.”据《卫报》报道，单身学生为了寻找给自己买礼物的借口，于1993年11月11日开始了这项活动；以及“It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of November11 and is also called Double Eleven, in reference to the day it was started, said the BBC.”据英国广播公司报道，11月11日这天，它以四个数字1为象征，也被称为双11，指的是它开始的那一天。可知第二段主要讲光棍节是如何产生的。故选A。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Last year, Alibaba sold more than $1 billion worth of products in the first three minutes of the sales. Total sales on Singles’ Day soared to $9 billion within 24 hours.”去年，阿里巴巴在销售的前三分钟就售出了价值超过10亿美元的产品。光棍节的总销售额在24小时内 soared至90亿美元。可知，这里应该表达的是“飙升至90亿美元”，可推知soar是“急剧增加”之意，故选A。
7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In the U.S., Jennifer Wang, a co-founder of a company targeting Chinese-Americans, said, ‘Over 3 million people are expected to click our website for the Singles’ Day.’ The influence of Singles’ Day is growing.”在美国，一家针对华裔美国人的公司的联合创始人Jennifer Wang说，“光棍节预计会有300多万人点击我们的网站。”光棍节的影响越来越大。可知光棍节已经蔓延到美国。故选C。
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．D
11．A
12．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；教育文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，告知父母如何帮助孩子健康上网，并描述了孩子们上网聊天的特点。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“To keep children safe, your supervision as a parent must cover the family computer.”为了保证孩子的安全，作为父母的你必须监督家庭电脑。可知，这篇文章是写给父母看的。故选B。
9．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“We get left behind when it comes to the interactive areas of websites, like chatrooms and message boards, which are especially strange. The language of chat is strange to many parents, too.”当涉及到网站的互动领域时，我们就落后了，比如聊天室和留言板，这些都是特别奇怪的。聊天的语言对许多家长来说也很奇怪。可知，作者认为聊天语言对成年人来说很奇怪。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Children must be made aware of both the good things and the dangers.”必须让孩子们知道好的方面和危险的方面；以及第三段中的“To keep children safe, your supervision as a parent must cover the family computer.”为了保证孩子的安全，作为父母的你必须监督家庭电脑。可知，作者建议父母保护孩子免受网络危险。故选D。
11．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Just as you decide which TV programs are suitable, you need to do the same for the websites and chatrooms your children visit.”就像你决定哪些电视节目适合你一样，你也需要为你的孩子访问的网站和聊天室做同样的决定。可知，作者建议家长为孩子选择合适的网站和聊天室来保证孩子的网络安全。故选A。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“paw—parents are watching”paw—父母在看着，可知，当你儿子在网上聊秘密的时候，如果你站在他旁边，他可能会使用“paw”告诉聊天对象他的聊天内容有人看着。故选C。
【答案】13．A
14．C
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了现代社会里人们越来越受到手机的干扰，并对此进行了详细叙述。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
13．考查推理判断。根据第三段“This story tells how unexpected communication can destroy an important thought, which bring us to the cellphone.”这个故事告诉我们意想不到的交流是如何摧毁一个重要的想法的，它把我们带到了手机上。可推知，作者使用这个例子为了引出下面讨论的话题，故选A。
14．考查细节理解。根据第五段“We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is by and large a healthy, protective development. ‘I didn’t hear it ring’ or ‘I didn’t realize my phone had shut off’ are among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we’re beyond reach.”我们已经进入了一个关于手机的善意谎言的黄金时代，这基本上是一个健康的、保护性的发展。“我没听到电话响”或“我没意识到我的手机已经关机了”，这些都是我们为了给自己留点空间而说的谎话。可知，对于人们对自己的手机说“善意的谎言”，作者认为这基本上是一个保护个人隐私的好方法。故选C。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“A cellphone call deserves no greater priority than a random word from the person next to us, though the call on my cellphone may be the one-in-a-million from Steven Spielberg—who has finally read my novel and wants to make it his next movie. But most likely it is not, and I’m better off thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I’ll eat for lunch.”一个电话的重要性不应该超过我们身边的人的一个随机的单词，尽管我手机上的电话可能是史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格的百万分之一——他终于读了我的小说，并想把它拍成他的下一部电影。但它很可能不是，我最好想想我刚刚想到的新故事的想法，或者我午餐要吃的那块披萨。可知，最后一段的意思是不要让手机过多地干扰你的生活。故选D。
【答案】16．C；17．F；18．E；19．A；20．G
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了进行公共演讲的训练要点。你可以找到一个教练帮助你进行公众演讲训练也可以参加公众演讲训练课，并且指出应该找到适合自己的培训机构。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空后“Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses”由于大约有10亿家公司准备为你提供公开演讲训练和课程；以及“so get help”因此，要求助。可知，公开演讲不容易，我们要寻求帮助，可以参加相关的课程。C. Whatever the speech, public speaking is tough“无论什么样的演讲，公开演讲都很难”符合语境，故选C。
17．根据空前“Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well.”没有什么比被告知你做得不好更能伤害信心了；以及空后“so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.”因此，好的公开演讲培训应该培养这些能力，而不是告诉你不应该做什么。可推知，空处应陈述培训机构应该对参加培训人进行正面积极的评价。 F. You already do lots of things well “你已经把很多事情做好了”符合语境，且呼应小标题“Focus on positives”关注积极的方面。故选F。
18．根据空后“If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts, walk away!”如果你发现一门公共演讲课程似乎会给你很多应该做和不应该做的事情，那就走吧！可知，如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，就不要参加，即要对条条框框说不。 E. Turn your back on too many rules “要对条条框框说不“作为本段主旨，符合语境。故选E。
19．根据空前“Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about.”你的脑子里满是你要说的东西。可知，脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟。 A. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse “因此试图将一整套规则强行纳入其中只会使事情变得更糟”符合语境，故选A。
20．根据本段小标题“You are a special person not a clone”你是一个特别的人而不是一个克隆人；以及上文“Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one，with your own personal habits.”最重要的是，良好的公共演讲培训应该把你当成一个特殊的人，有你自己的个人习惯。可知，此处要说明，每个人都是与众不同的，有自己的习惯。 G. You aren't like anybody else “你和其他任何人都不一样”符合语境，且呼应标题。故选G。
【答案】21．C；22．D；23．A；24．B；25．A；26．C；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．B；31．C；32．A；33．A；34．B；35．D
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Martine Postma开了一家维修咖啡馆，免费为需要维修物品的人们提供工具物资等，这样的方式有效的加深了社区间的联系。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：这种趋势有很多原因。A. benefits“益处”；B. chances“机会”；C. reasons“原因”；D. goals“目标”。根据下文可知，多种原因造就了上文所述的“当家里东西不能用时，就直接扔掉”这样的情况。故选C。
22．句意：在一些地区，很难找到会修理的人，而且修理费可能很贵。A. throwing“扔”；B. buying“买”；C. making“制作”；D. fixing“修理”。根据空前“make repairs”可知，此处表示维修起来很贵，故选D。
23．句意：此外，一些小家电非常便宜，买一台新的简单多了。A. just“只是，仅仅”；B. even“甚至”；C. ever“曾经”；D. seldom“很少”。根据空前“Also, some small appliances are so cheap ”可知，小家电很便宜，损坏后直接买新的更方便。故选A。
24．句意：她的解决方法是维修咖啡馆：人们可以将损坏或破损物品带去的地方。A. achievement“成就”；B. solution“解决方法”；C. curiosity“好奇心”；D. result“结果”。根据空前“a better way”可知，此处指Postma想到的方法。故选B。
25．句意：在那里，他们能找到工具、资源和志愿的维修行家来帮助修理。A. resources“资源”；B. money“金钱”；C. chances“机会”；D. rooms“房间”。根据空后“help with repairs”可知，他们能找到工具、资源和志愿的维修行家来帮助修理。故选A。
26．句意：Postma的第一家维修咖啡馆于2009年开业，取得了巨大成功。A. luck“运气”；B. fame“名声”；C. success“成功”；D. attempt“尝试”。根据下文“News of the café spread”可知，这个维修咖啡馆开得很成功。故选C。
27．句意：这家咖啡馆的消息传开了，人们开始问他们怎样才能自己开维修咖啡馆。A. buy“买”；B. start“开办”；C. make“制作”；D. find“发现”。根据下文“those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group”中的提示词begin可知，此处表示开办。故选B。
28．句意：这个非营利组织为那些希望成立自己的社区修复组织的人提供指导。A. nonprofit“非盈利的”；B. business“商业”；C. culture“文化”；D. chain“连锁”。根据下文“Everything is free”可知，这是一个非盈利组织。故选A。
29．句意：一切都是免费的，但也非常感谢捐赠。A. responded“回应”；B. suggested“建议”； C. appreciated“感激”；D. refused“拒绝”。根据空前but可知，什么都是免费的，但是如果捐赠的话，也十分感谢。故选C。
30．句意：咖啡馆不仅提供维修服务，还加强了社区联系。A. test“测试”；B. strengthen“加强”；C. build“修建”；D. earn“赚取”。根据下文访客的话可知，咖啡馆加深了社区间的关系。故选B。
31．句意：这就是我想要生活的世界！A. praise“赞扬”；B. pass by“路过”；C. live in“住在，居住于”；D. discover“发现”。根据上文可知咖啡馆加深了社区人们之间的联系，这正是人人想居住社区环境。故选C。
32．句意：此外，有价值的知识也被传递和保存。A. knowledge“知识”；B. lesson“课程”；C. habit“习惯”；D. instruction“指南”。根据空后“passed along and preserved”可知，“knowledge”符合句意。故选A。
33．句意：在一次采访中，Postma描述了看到人们真正的互相帮助是多么地令人激动。A. exciting“令人激动的”；B. tiring“令人困倦的”；C. surprising“令人吃惊的”；D. embarrassing“令人尴尬的”。根据下文可知，Postma看到大家真诚地互相帮助，感到很激动。故选A。
34．句意：Postma用下面的话总结了维修咖啡馆的使命：“每个人都是给予者和接受者。”A. custom“风俗”；B. mission“使命”；C. journey“旅程”；D. experience“经验”。根据下文“ Everyone is a/an 15 and a receiver. ”每个人都是给予者和接受者，可知，付出与回报是维修咖啡馆的使命。故选B。
35．句意：Postma用下面的话总结了维修咖啡馆的使命：“每个人都是给予者和接受者。”A. host“主人”；B. owner“物主”；C. organizer“组织者”；D. giver“给予者”。根据空后“receiver”可知此处指“给予者”。故选D。
【答案】36．Sitting；37．steadily；38．who/that；39．the；40．to protect；41．to catch；42．were built；43．located；44．achievement；45．from
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了作者回忆当年克服最艰巨的挑战，在保护生态环境的基础上成功建成青藏铁路，以及如今体验这条线路时的所见所感。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，定语从句，冠词，时态语态，名词，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：坐靠在椅背上，我简直不敢相信我要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能”的铁路旅行。sit与逻辑主语I为主谓关系，应用现在分词，设空处在句首，单词首字母大写。故填Sitting。
37．句意：火车离开西宁后一直在平稳地疾驶。设空处应用副词，修饰动词race，作状语，故填steadily。
38．句意：我是从中国各地赶来修筑这条铁路的人之一。 came from all parts of China to work on this railway是限制性定语从句， the people为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 who/that 。故填 who/that 。
39．句意：青藏铁路历时数年建成，是我们克服最艰巨挑战的艰苦奋斗的记录。设空处后接形容词最高级，应用定冠词，故填the。
40．句意：如何保护生态系统是最重要的问题之一。分析句子结构可知，句子涉及到“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”，作主语。故填to protect。
41．句意：第一个吸引我眼球的地标是清水河大桥，这是世界上最长的建在永久冻土上的桥。设空处前的名词landmark有序数词first修饰，应用动词不定式作定语，“the+序数词+（名词）+动词不定式”，意为“第……个做……的”，故填to catch。
42．句意：为了防止对湿地和草原的破坏，格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥梁。分析句子结构可知，设空处为谓语动词，根据文章语境，应用一般过去时态，动词build与主语675 bridges为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数，助动词应用were。故填were built。
43．句意：唐古拉火车站位于海拔5000米以上，是世界上最高的火车站。动词locate与逻辑主语Tanggula Station之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词located，作后置定语。故填located。
44．句意：经过措纳湖，我感到一种自豪和成就感。设空处与名词pride并列，作of 的宾语，故填achievement。
45．句意：我们沿着湖筑了一堵20公里长的墙，以保护湖不受建筑垃圾的侵蚀。protect ...from...，固定短语，“保护……不受……之害”，故填from。
46．【答案】①third→three ②am→was ③that→where ④for→after ⑤late→later ⑥去掉to ⑦but→and ⑧great→greatly ⑨在made前加have ⑩work→working
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者曾经在一次车祸中受了重伤，得到了医生和护士尽心的照顾，作者更坚定了自己要当医生的决心。
（1）句意：大约三年前，我在一场车祸中受了重伤。由years可知，years前应用基数词three，故third改为three。
（2）句意：大约三年前，我在一场车祸中受了重伤。根据语境可知，句子描述三年前的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语是 I，因此应为“was badly injured”。故am改为was。
（3）句意：救护车迅速把我送到最近的医院，那里的医生和护士尽力照顾我。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词hospital是地方，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故that改为where。
（4）句意：救护车迅速把我送到最近的医院，那里的医生和护士尽力照顾我。医生和护士是尽力照顾我，“照顾”是固定短语look after，故for改为after。
（5）句意：五天以后我好多了。“......以后”应用later，作状语，故late改为later。
（6）句意：我看着医生们不知疲倦地履行职责，为他们所有的病人提供最好的治疗。watch后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，watch sb. do sth.固定短语，“看着某人做某事”，故去掉to。
（7）句意：我看着医生们不知疲倦地履行职责，为他们所有的病人提供最好的治疗。“perform their duties tirelessly”和“offer all their patients the best treatment available”是并列关系，用and连接，故but改为and。
（8）句意：我在那家医院的经历对我影响很大。修饰动词influenced应用副词greatly，故great改为greatly。
（9）句意：从那时起，我就把与疾病作斗争和拯救生命作为我的人生抱负。根据时间状语ever since then ，可知谓语动词应用现在完成时，故 在made前加have。
（10）句意：我知道如果我继续努力学习我的梦想会成真。keep doing，固定短语，“一直做某事”，故将work改为working。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及数词，时态，主谓一致，定语从句，介词，非谓语动词，连词，副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
47．【答案】My opinion on smartphone addiction among teenagers
With the development of apps, young people have become more dependent on smartphones. The overuse of phones is likely to cause problems between teenagers and their parents. Here is my opinion on how to deal with such conflicts caused by phone addiction.
First of all, it is important and necessary for us to talk with our parents and set rules on how to use our phones. Once reached, the agreement has to be strictly executed. Only in this way can we prevent any unpleasantness from happening. Being more active and participating in more activities will also help reduce our reliance on phones. Last but not least, we can turn to professionals for an effective approach to free us from our phone dependence, if necessary.
No matter what approach we use, we have to realize that it is our parents who we should always trust and depend on in life.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一篇短文投稿, 谈谈自己的一些看法或做法。写作背景：你校英文版的官方网站上开辟了一个专栏: Opinion。本期话题是如何解决因手机依赖（phone addiction）产生的亲子矛盾问题。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）陈述问题 2）解决问题的方法 。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： Here is my opinion on how to deal with such conflicts caused by phone addiction.运用了倒装句；First of all, it is important and necessary for us to talk with our parents and set rules on how to use our phones.运用了it作形式主语； Once reached, the agreement has to be strictly executed. 运用了省略；Only in this way can we prevent any unpleasantness from happening.运用了倒装句；
No matter what approach we use, we have to realize that it is our parents who we should always trust and depend on in life.运用了让步状语从句，限制性定语从句。
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