黑龙江省哈尔滨师范附属中学2021-2022学年高二下学期英语开学考试

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黑龙江省哈尔滨师范附属中学2021-2022学年高二下学期英语开学考试
一、阅读理解（共25小题， 每题2分， 满分50）
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
It's no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research thatfoundwildfiresmokeisteemingwiththousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms. Someofthese microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores (真菌孢子), are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi (真菌) that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播 的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach themselves onto smoke particulates (微粒), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. "Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections," says Chen, "but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition. " "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen, "But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness "
"Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is 'certainly alarming'. " says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. "This is especially true for lower-income populations," Jack says, "because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike, will inhale more smoke than those who drive. "
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor — including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters (过滤器) and running air conditioning.
1．What can we know about the microorganisms from paragraph 2
A．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
B．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
C．They could be killed by high heat.
D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particulates.
2．How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen
A．They will causes lung infections.
B．They might worsen lung disease.
C．They will destroy living environments.
D．They might damage respiratory system.
【答案】1．A
2．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，众所周知，吸入烟雾对肺部有害。但现在，科学家们表示，烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。这一理论是发表在《科学》杂志上，该理论基于一项研究，该研究发现野火烟雾中充满了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物，包括细菌和真菌孢子，已知会引起疾病。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi(真菌) that otherwise might not easily become airborne(空气传播的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach themselves onto smoke particulates(微粒), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.”新的研究表明，当野火烧毁植物或动物并扰乱土壤时，它会暴露出数千种细菌和真菌，否则它们可能不容易通过空气传播。你可能认为大火产生的高温会杀死这些微生物，但文章中提到的一项研究发现，一些细菌甚至在火灾后繁殖。科学家们说，这些生物附着在烟雾微粒上，使它们能够在大陆上旅行数千英里。可知，火灾后微生物可以大量繁殖。故选A。
2．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ ‘Many bacteria and fungi don’t cause lung infections,’ says Chen, ‘but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition.’ ‘I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues,’ says Chen, ‘But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness ’”许多细菌和真菌不会引起肺部感染，”陈说，“但大量的细菌和真菌肯定会使已有肺部疾病的人的症状恶化。”“我一直以为是烟雾中的微粒导致了这些问题，”陈说，“但当我读到这篇文章时，我开始思考:是不是微生物也在恶化现有的疾病 ”可知大量的细菌和真菌会让患有肺部疾病的人症状恶化，从陈的话语中我们可以推断：微生物也许会恶化肺部疾病。故选B。
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
Australian experts have expressed concerns that too many millennials (千禧一代) are hoping to use their social media accounts to build their careers. Their concerns follow the sudden rise in "insta-celebrities" who make money by posting sponsored (赞助的) photos online. For the lucky few who are not only talented photographers but also good-looking and business-savvy (有商业头脑的), making money off social media isn't impossible.
Instagram is flooded with social media professionals paid to promote products and services. However, social scientist Lauren Rosewarne, from the University of Melbourne, says that in reality, there are far fewer people making money off the platforms than one may think. She said many young Australians were getting sucked in by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram, describing it as "totally unrealistic" and extremely difficult to do.
"Young people are hoping to be famous in numbers that were simply not there 20 years ago," Rosewarne told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on Saturday. "There are some people who can make fortunes out of monetizing (使具有货币性质) their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm. " She said it was up to parents and schools to discourage students from seeking Insta-fame, as many believe it is a possible career choice. "There's the warning for parents; this is not a normal or even common occurrence that you can monetize your Instagram account. "
Meanwhile Toni Eager from Australian National University said social problems could arise from spending too much time with social media. "Where do the insta-celebrities go to separate the life people see on Instagram from their actual normal life " Eager said. "All of a sudden, people own your private life. "
3．Why is there a rise in "insta-celebrities"
A．Many young people are good at taking photos.
B．Many people see it as a shortcut to making money.
C．People want to socialize by sharing photos online.
D．Instagram offers a reliable career choice for millennials.
4．What does the underlined phrase "getting sucked in" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Becoming involved in something. B．Benefiting from something.
C．Taking advantage of something. D．Being satisfied with something.
5．What message does the author convey by quoting Lauren Rosewarne
A．Young people today are more business-savvy than ever.
B．Young people are becoming less interested in internet fame.
C．Instagram is not a good platform to promote new products.
D．It may not be a good idea for the young to try earning money on Instagram.
6．What problem does Toni Eager think overuse of social media could cause
A．An over reliance on Instagram.
B．Inability to appreciate life.
C．A loss of personal privacy.
D．An addiction to the virtual life online.
【答案】3．B
4．A
5．D
6．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，当下许多年轻人想通过在Instagram等社交平台上发布赞助照片来赚钱，这是一种赚钱的捷径，但专家指出，在社交平台上赚钱并不是常态且容易失去个人隐私，对此，专家建议学校和家长应正确引导青少年，不应一味地追求走红，将其作为良好的职业选择。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Their concerns follow the sudden rise in “insta-celebrities” who make money by posting sponsored(赞助的) photos online. ”他们的担忧是随着通过在网上发布赞助照片来赚钱的“ins名人”的突然增多而来的。可知，ins名人增多是因为他们想通过在Instagram上发布赞助照片来赚钱，这是一种相对轻松等赚钱方式，可推断ins名人突然增多是因为许多人把它看作赚钱的捷径。故选B。
4．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“She said many young Australians were getting sucked in by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram, describing it as ‘totally unrealistic’ and extremely difficult to do.”她说，许多年轻的澳大利亚人were getting suckedin Instagram等平台赚钱的吸引力，称这“完全不现实”，而且极难做到。可推断，许多澳大利亚年轻人被社交平台的赚钱吸引力所吸引，而参与到这个事情中，可推断getting sucked in 表示“参与到某事中”，故选A。
5．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“‘Young people are hoping to be famous in numbers that were simply not there 20 years ago,’ Rosewarne told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on Saturday. ‘There are some people who can make fortunes out of monetizing(使具有货币性质) their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm.’ She said it was up to parents and schools to discourage students from seeking Insta-fame, as many believe it is a possible career choice. ‘There's the warning for parents; this is not a normal or even common occurrence that you can monetize your Instagram account.’”罗斯沃恩上周六在接受澳大利亚广播公司(ABC)采访时说:“大量的年轻人希望能出名，这在20年前是不可能的。”“有些人可以通过在Instagram上发帖子赚钱，但这不是常态。”她说，家长和学校应该劝阻学生不要寻求在ins上走红，因为很多人认为这是一个可能的职业选择。“这是对父母的警告;你可以把你的Instagram账户货币化（利用Instagram赚钱），这是不正常的，甚至是不常见的。”可知，Lauren Rosewarne表示想要在Instagram等社交平台上赚钱是不那么实际的，家长和学校因提高警惕，在这件事情上对青少年做好引导，由此可知作者引用她的话表达出“对于年轻人来说，尝试在Instagram上赚钱可能不是个好主意。”，故选D。
6．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Meanwhile Toni Eager from Australian National University said social problems could arise from spending too much time with social media. ‘Where do the insta-celebrities go to separate the life people see on Instagram from their actual normal life ’ Eager said. ‘All of a sudden, people own your private life.’”与此同时，澳大利亚国立大学的托妮·切格(Toni Eager)表示，花太多时间在社交媒体上可能会引发社会问题。“Instagram上的名人会去哪里把人们在Instagram上看到的生活与他们实际的正常生活分开 ”他说。“突然之间，你的私生活就被人掌控了。”可推断，过多使用社交媒体会失去个人隐私，故选C。
（2021·佳木斯模拟）阅读理解
It
never occurred to me when I was little that gardens were anything less than wonderful
places. Granddad's garden was on the bank of a river and sloped gently down
towards the water. You couldn't reach the river but you could hear the sound of
the water and the birds that sang in the trees above.
At
home, his son, my father, could be quiet and withdrawn. I wouldn't want to make
him sound humorless. He wasn't. Silly things would amuse him. I realize that,
deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn't made more of his life. He
left school without qualifications and became a beginner to a plumber(水管工). Plumbing was not something he was passionate about. It was just
what he did. He was never particularly ambitious, though there was a moment
when he and Mum thought of emigrating to Canada, but it came to nothing. Where
he came into his own was around the house. He had an "eye for the
job." Be it bookshelves or a cupboard—what he could achieve was
astonishing.
Of
the three options, moors (荒野), woods
or river—the river was the one that usually got my vote. On a stretch of the
river I was allowed to disappear with my imagination into another world. With a
fishing net over my shoulder I could set off in shoes that were last year's
model. I'd walk along the river bank looking for a suitable spot where I could
take off the painful shoes and leave them with my picnic while I adventured
out, peering through the water for any fish that I could scoop up with the net
and take home.
I
wanted to leave school as soon as possible but that seemed an unlikely prospect
until one day my father announced, "They've got a post for an gardener in
the Parks Department. I thought you might be interested." He might still
have preferred it if I became a carpenter. But I like to feel that somewhere
inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe
I'm cheating myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he
hated gardening himself, he'd watched me doing it for long enough and noticed
my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.
7．What is the writer's attitude to his father in the second paragraph
A．He was unsatisfied with his father.
B．He was regretful that his father had not achieved more.
C．He was sympathetic to the reasons why his father behaved.
D．He was grateful that his father had not taken the family to Canada.
8．What does the writer mean by the underlined phrase "came into his own"
A．was able to do something by himself
B．was able to show his talents out
C．was able to continue his day job
D．was able to forget his failure
9．What can we infer from the passage
A．The writer felt angry that the garden was less amazing
B．The writer was an excellent fisherman for his gift
C．The fishing trip illustrated the writer's carefree childhood.
D．Around the house lied the father's dream of being carpenter
10．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．His father is unsure about his son's future
B．His father was tired of giving way to his son.
C．His father had been trying to find a job his son would enjoy.
D．His father had been impressed by his son's love of gardening.
【答案】7．C
8．B
9．C
10．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；段落大意题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从小喜欢祖父的花园，同情在生活中没有太大成就的父亲，并且在河边度过了无忧无虑的童年，最终选择了园艺工作。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I realize that, deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn't made more of his life. He left school without qualifications and became a beginner to a plumber. Plumbing was not something he was passionate about. It was just what he did. He was never particularly ambitious, though there was a moment when he and Mum thought of emigrating to Canada, but it came to nothing.”我意识到，在内心深处，他可能对自己没有在生活中取得更多成就感到失望。他没有取得任何资格证书就离开了学校，成为了一名水管工的新手。 他对管道工程不感兴趣。这正是他所做的。他从来没有什么特别的雄心壮志，虽然有那么一刻他和妈妈想移民加拿大，但最终没有成功。可推知，作者对父亲的所作所为感到同情。故选C。
8．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中“Be it bookshelves or a cupboard—what he could achieve was astonishing.”无论是书架还是橱柜，父亲都能取得惊人的成就，可见房子成了父亲能够展示才能的地方。所以“came into his own”的意思是“能够展示他的才能”。故选B。
9．考查推理判断。根据第三段“Of the three options, moors, woods or river—the river was the one that usually got my vote. On a stretch of the river I was allowed to disappear with my imagination into another world. With a fishing net over my shoulder I could set off in shoes that were last year's model. I’d walk along the river bank looking for a suitable spot where I could take off the painful shoes and leave them with my picnic while I adventured out, peering through the water for any fish that I could scoop up with the net and take home.”在三个选择中，荒野、森林或河流——河流通常是我选择的那一个。在河的一个河段上，我可以带着我的想象消失在另一个世界里。肩上扛着渔网，我可以穿着去年的款式鞋子出发。我会沿着河岸走，寻找一个合适的地方，脱掉那双痛苦的鞋子，把它们放在我的野餐中，而我冒险出去，在水里凝视着任何我可以用网捞起来带回家的鱼。可推知，钓鱼之旅描绘了作者无忧无虑的童年。故选C。
10．考查段落大意。根据最后一段“I wanted to leave school as soon as possible but that seemed an unlikely prospect until one day my father announced, ‘They’ve got a post for an gardener in the Parks Department. I thought you might be interested.’ He might still have preferred it if I became a carpenter. But I like to feel that somewhere inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe I’m cheating myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he hated gardening himself, he’d watched me doing it for long enough and noticed my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.”我想尽快离开学校，但这似乎不太可能，直到有一天父亲宣布：“公园管理处招聘一名园丁。我想你可能会感兴趣。”如果我当木匠，他可能还是会喜欢的。但我喜欢在他的内心深处有一种感觉，那就是事情可能会向好的方向发展。也许我是在欺骗自己，但我更愿意相信，在他心中，尽管他讨厌自己的园艺工作，但他已经看着我做了足够长的时间，并注意到我对所有生长、开花、结果的东西的永恒的热情。可知，最后一段的主旨是儿子对园艺的热爱给他父亲留下了深刻的印象。故选D。
（2021·佳木斯模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The Trades Union Congress(TUC) has urged the government to use high productivity from the greater use of robots and artificial intelligence to reverse(推翻) planned changes to the state retirement age.
Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher productivity thanks to technological innovation(革新) ought to bring greater benefits for working people. It said recent progress had mainly benefited business owners, rather than being shared across the workforce through better wages and working conditions. Frances O'Grady, the TUC general secretary, said: "Robots and Al could let us produce more for less, promoting national prosperity. But we need a debate about who benefits from this wealth, and how workers get a fair share. "
There have been previous waves of technological advances since the first Industrial Revolution, when inefficient jobs have been replaced by machines or the number of people required to do work has been reduced. Such advances have not led to a total loss of jobs, but have disturbed the type of work people do.
There are concerns that the current stage of innovation could be more damaging, while the rewards from higher productivity have not necessarily led to higher wages. The latest available figures show low unemployment unseen since the mid-1970s, but growth in real wages remains negative.
In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions(比例) had changed completely, but in the communities which were affected, the jobs lost in manufacturing were not replaced by jobs of similar or better quality. Wages in former industrial areas were still 10% below the national average.
The increase in the state retirement age by seven years, which was controversially(有争议的) brought forward by the Work and Pensions Secretary David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in their late 30s and early 40s. As well as opposing the proposal on the retirement age, the TUC said workers should be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in workplace training. At present, the UK invests just half of the EU average, it said. O'Grady said: "Robots are not just terminators (终结者). Some of today's jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure that tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's. "
11．According to the TUC, the use of robots and artificial intelligence should result in ______.
A．technological advances B．higher levels of productivity
C．benefits for working people D．more wealth of business owners
12．It can be inferred that the waves of technological advances ______.
A．had a great influence on the labor structure
B．tended to be more damaging than constructive
C．were the outcome of the Industrial Revolution
D．slowly raised the real income of working people
13．What can we learn about the proposal of David Gauke
A．It is strongly opposed by the TUC.
B．It will help to create new types of jobs.
C．It has produced a widespread influence.
D．It reflects the real needs of economic growth.
14．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Technological innovation has contributed to people's wage increases.
B．The government plans to delay retirement age, from which 7 million people will suffer.
C．The use of robots and artificial intelligence is only beneficial to the national prosperity.
D．O'Grady thinks that new jobs in the future must be ensured to be at least as good as today's.
【答案】11．C
12．A
13．A
14．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了英国劳工联合会敦促政府利用技术浪潮来高效推翻延迟退休七年的提案，来为工人阶层谋福利。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
11．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher productivity thanks to technological innovation(革新) ought to bring greater benefits for working people.”在布莱顿举行的年度大会之前，英国劳工联合会表示，技术创新带来的生产力提高应该会给劳动人民带来更大的利益。可知，英国劳工联合会认为，机器人和人工智能的使用的结果是应该为工人阶层带来福利。故选C。
12．考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，自第一次工业革命以来，曾有过几次技术进步浪潮。在第一次工业革命期间，效率低下的工作被机器取代，或者需要工作的人数减少了。这些进步并没有导致工作岗位的全部流失，但扰乱了人们的工作类型；以及第五段中的“In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions(比例) had changed completely”1950年，几乎三分之一的工人在制造业工作，而十二分之一的工人在专业和技术服务行业工作。到2016年，这一比例完全改变了。可推断出技术进步的浪潮对劳动力结构有很大的影响。故选A。
13．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The increase in the state retirement age by seven years, which was controversially(有争议的) brought forward by the Work and Pensions Secretary David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in their late 30s and early 40s. As well as reversing the proposal on the retirement age, the TUC said workers should be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in workplace training.”将法定退休年龄提高7年，这一提议由就业和养老金大臣戴维·高克提出，引起了争议。预计这一举措将影响到大约700万年龄在30岁左右和40岁出头的人。除了撤销关于退休年龄的提案外，英国劳工联合会还表示，应该给予工人在中年时期重新审视职业生涯的权利，而企业应该在工作场所培训方面加大投资。可知，David Gauke提出的延迟退休七年的提案是有争议的，英国劳工联合会认为除了推翻这份提案中有关退休年龄的问题，员工还应该获得中年职业复兴的权利，公司应该在工作场所培训方面投入更多。可推断，David Gauke的提案遭到了英国劳工联合会的强烈反对。故选A。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Some of today's jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure that tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's.”今天的一些工作将不复存在，但新的工作将被创造出来。我们必须确保明天的工作不会比今天的差。可知，O'Grady认为，未来的新工作必须确保至少和现在一样好。故选D。
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
After years of research and test, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It's an interesting and exciting new improvement in today's quality of the air we breathe and save our natural resources.
The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gas which are used to power a car's engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.
A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gas and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partly electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that's not how it works. Through the energy that is produced when the car's brakes are used. This is referred to as "regenerative braking"(再生制动), because it generates electricity.
Although the hybrid car still runs on gas most of the time, this help it use less gas than a regular car. When a driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear(处于正常工作状态) and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.
Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas That probably wouldn't happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashed a warning reading: "YOU ARE NOW OUT OF GAS!" Then the electric power supply energy in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.
15．According to the passage, the underlined word "hybrid"(in Paragraph 1) refers to ______.
A．a high-tech discovery
B．energy-saving
C．a new invention
D．a new kind for the combination of two things
16．The EPA is important to our environment because ______.
A．they designed hybrid cars
B．they forbade the burning of fossil fuels
C．they set important rules that help control pollution
D．their main purpose is to produce non-polluting cars
【答案】15．D
16．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，经过多年的研究和试验，混合动力汽车被开发出来并投放市场。在我们今天呼吸的空气质量和保护我们的自然资源方面，这是一个有趣而令人兴奋的新改善。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
15．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gas and an electric car that is battery powered. ”一辆hybrid汽车是由汽油驱动的普通汽车和电池驱动的电动汽车组合而成。可知，由汽油驱动和电池驱动组合的汽车叫hybrid，所以hybrid的意思是“一种新的两种东西的结合”，故选D。
16．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.”环保署制定了国家标准，以帮助控制排放到空气中的有害污染物的水平，汽车工业也采取了行动，生产了一种使用更少汽油、因此造成更少污染的混合动力汽车。可知，EPA对于环保很重要是因为他们制定有助于控制污染的重要规则，以减少环境污染，故选C。
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
Every year, billions of kilograms of fresh produce are wasted in the United States. The food ends up in landfills, producing harmful greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, millions of poor Americans go hungry, without access to healthy, affordable meals.
Evan Lutz is passionate about correcting that social injustice. And he combines that goal with a passion for business. "I've wanted to become a social entrepreneur, not just starting a business that made money but also starting one that gave back. I'm just an average guy with a passion towards making sure no food goes to waste and making sure no person is hungry in America and I want to do that through business. "
Lutz
is CEO and founder of Hungry Harvest, a business which collects and sells
"ugly" produce. These are fruit and vegetables that most food
companies would throw away. "If you go to a grocery store, everything is
growing the same exact way. All the stuff that doesn't grow the same way gets
wasted and gets thrown out. So, we take all that stuff that normally gets
thrown out because of its odd size or shape. We box it up into a variety of
boxes. And then we deliver them to our customers once a week. We hire people
that were living in homeless shelters. They were really looking to get a chance
in life. "
In
January 2016, Lutz appeared on the American business competition television
show "Shark Tank". It connects investors with entrepreneurs. Lutz
sought a $50,000 investment in Hungry Harvest, in exchange for a five percent
stake in his company. Finally, he got even more than what he expected –
$100,000 for 10 percent ownership.
17．According to the passage, we can infer "Shark Tank" ______.
A．introduces the stories of investors
B．publicizes successful business cases
C．helps entrepreneurs get fund support
D．belongs to meetings of political parties
18．Who would not benefit from Evan Lutz's business
A．Fruit farmers. B．Poor families.
C．Hungry Harvest. D．The homeless.
【答案】17．C
18．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国在食物浪费的同时，穷人饥饿难耐的现象，呼吁人们减少食物浪费。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇社会现象类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
17．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It connects investors with entrepreneurs. Lutz sought a $50,000 investment in Hungry Harvest, in exchange for a five percent stake in his company.” 它将投资者和企业家联系起来。 卢茨在Hungry Harvest寻求5万美元的投资，以换取他公司5%的股份。可知，“Shark Tank”活动帮助企业家获得资金支持。故选C。
18．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We box it up into a variety of boxes. And then we deliver them to our customers once a week.We hire people that were living in homeless shelters. They were really looking to get a chance in life.”我们把它分成不同的盒子。 然后我们每周给客户送一次。我们雇佣住在收容所的人。 他们真的在寻找人生的机会。可知，贫困家庭和无家可归的人会受益；以及最后一段中的“Lutz sought a $50,000 investment in Hungry Harvest, in exchange for a five percent stake in his company. ”卢茨寻求在Hunger Harvest投资5万美元，以换取其公司5%的股份。可知，Hungry Harvest公司会受益；全文中没有提到果农，可推知，果农并没有从埃文·卢茨的生意中获益。故选A。
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
Homeowners
Hermine Ricketts and her husband, Tom Carroll, held a ceremonial planting of vegetables
in their garden on the day when a Florida law went into effect that removed
local bans across the state on vegetable gardens at residential properties. It
was one of the rules that had forced the couple, who lived in Miami Shores, to
uproot (根除) all
the vegetables in the garden that Ricketts had kept for almost twenty years.
Ricketts had her vegetable garden in her front yard because it faced south and her backyard was mostly in the shade. The retired architect said she gardened for the food and also for the peace it brought her.
"This
is a peach tree that I planted, and around it, I had kale, and in between the
kale, I had some cabbages," Ricketts said then.
But then a zoning ordinance (条例) was tightened by Miami Shores Village to forbid vegetables in front yards on the ground, saying that they were unpleasant to look at. Village officials told Ricketts to uproot all her vegetables or she would face a $50 daily fine according to the ban.
And
she fought back, joining up with the Institute for Justice, a national law
firm, to challenge the ban.
It
took six years, but they won. The Florida Legislature passed a bill protecting
vegetable gardens, and Governor Ron DeSantis signed it. "After nearly six
years of fighting… I will once again be able to legally plant vegetables in my
front yard," Ricketts said in a statement. "I'm grateful to the
Legislature and the Governor for standing up to protect my freedom to grow
healthy food on my own property. "
She
complained that the fight even had to happen. "We had kept a beautiful,
nutritious garden for many years before the Village went out of its way to ban
it and then scared us with ruinous fines," she said.
"Gardening
is wonderful," Ricketts added gladly. "I feel victory. …I have no
words. "
19．Why did Ricketts position her vegetable garden in the front yard
A．It was peaceful out there. B．It could get enough sunlight.
C．It offered more vegetables. D．It was mostly in the shade.
20．What do we know about the local ban in Miami Shores
A．It required a regular fine.
B．It had been effective for twenty years.
C．It was tightened to forbid ugly gardens.
D．It was removed after Ricketts' ceremony.
21．Which word best describes Ricketts' attitude to the fight itself
A．Proud. B．Grateful. C．Dissatisfied. D．Disapproving.
22．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A Ban on Vegetable Gardens in Front Yards.
B．A Bill Signed to Protect Vegetable Gardens.
C．A Couple Held a Ceremonial Planting of Vegetables.
D．A Couple Won the Right to Plant Vegetables in Front Yards.
【答案】19．B
20．A
21．D
22．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了佛罗里达一对夫妻在自家前院种植蔬菜，但由于一项禁令颁布后，他们被要求根除院子里的蔬菜，否则将被定期罚款，对于此项禁令夫妻俩表示反对，并且想方设法对其进行反击，最后获得成功的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
19．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Ricketts had her vegetable garden in her front yard because it faced south and her backyard was mostly in the shade.”里基茨在她的前院有一个菜园，因为它朝南，而她的后院大部分是在阴凉处。可知推知她家前院有充足的阳光，这是她把前院做菜园的原因，故选B。
20．考查细节理解。根据第四段“But then a zoning ordinance(条例) was tightened by Miami Shores Village to forbid vegetables in front yards on the ground, saying that they were unpleasant to look at. Village officials told Ricketts to uproot all her vegetables or she would face a $50 daily fine according to the ban.”但随后迈阿密海岸村(Miami Shores Village)收紧了一项分区法令，禁止在前院的地面上种植蔬菜，理由是蔬菜不好看。村长要求里基茨将所有的蔬菜连根拔起，否则她将面临每天50美元的罚款。可知，违法这项法律会被定期罚款。故选A。
21．考查推理判断。根据第五段“And she fought back, joining up with the Institute for Justice, a national law firm, to challenge the ban.”她进行了反击，与一家全国性的律师事务所——司法研究所(Institute for Justice)联手，挑战这一禁令。可知，里基茨对这些禁令发起了反击，对其进行挑战，可推断她对这项禁令的态度是反对的，故选D。
22．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是佛罗里达一对夫妻在自家前院种植蔬菜，但由于一项禁令颁布后，他们被要求根除院子里的蔬菜，否则将被定期罚款，对于此项禁令夫妻俩表示反对，并且想方设法对其进行反击，根据第六段“It took six years, but they won. The Florida Legislature passed a bill protecting vegetable gardens, and Governor Ron DeSantis signed it. “After nearly six years of fighting... I will once again be able to legally plant vegetables in my front yard,” Ricketts said in a statement. “I’m grateful to the Legislature and the Governor for standing up to protect my freedom to grow healthy food on my own property.”；以及最后一段“‘Gardening is wonderful,’ Ricketts added gladly. ‘I feel victory.... I have no words.’”花了六年时间，但他们赢了。佛罗里达州立法机构通过了一项保护菜园的法案，州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯签署了该法案。“经过近6年的战斗……我将再次能够合法地在我的前院种植蔬菜，”里基茨在一份声明中说。“我感谢立法机构和州长挺身而出，保护我在自己的土地上种植健康食品的自由。”可知，他们获得了胜利，重新获得了在院子种植蔬菜对权利，“一对夫妇赢得了在前院种植蔬菜的权利”适合作为本文的标题，故选D。
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
Scientists working in NASA say they have made a significant discovery that a huge star seems to have disappeared from the universe. The star is part of the Kinman Dwarf galaxy, pictures of which were taken in the past by a camera attached to NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. But since the galaxy is so far away, researchers have not been able to clearly observe its stars. Astronomers had, however, identified important "signatures", or signs, that the massive star existed. Now they are searching for answers to why it is no longer possible to see them.
A team of scientists from the European Southern Observatory reported it had been observing the star with its Very Large Telescope, VLT, for at least 10 years. The team said its observations repeatedly showed evidence that the Kinman Dwarf galaxy contained the massive star, which was estimated to be about 2.5 million times brighter than our sun. Researchers said the evidence suggested that the star was "in a late stage of its evolution". They added that the star was a kind considered to be "unstable". This means it could go through major changes in brightness or lose some of its mass.
Andrew Allan, the project's leader, said the researchers wanted to learn more about how massive stars end their lives. The massive object observed in the Kinman Dwarf galaxy seemed like the perfect target. But when astronomers turned the VLT toward the distant galaxy in 2019, they could no longer find any signs of the massive star. "Instead, we were surprised that the star had disappeared," Allan said in a statement.
The astronomers are now exploring two possibilities. The first is that the star might have become less bright and could be partly blocked by dust. The other possibility is that it collapsed into a black hole without producing a super powerful explosion.
The astronomers plan to keep observing the galaxy for signs of the missing star. They will likely need to wait a few years before confirming what happened to this particular star.
23．What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The stars. B．The galaxies.
C．The signatures. D．The astronomers.
24．What do we know about the massive star
A．It was once clearly observed.
B．It experienced a temporary change.
C．It could only be traced with the VLT.
D．It evidently existed in the distant galaxy.
25．Which of the following might explain the disappearance ofthe massive star
A．It exploded.
B．It lost some of its mass.
C．It evolved into a black hole.
D．It was damaged by dust and became less bright.
【答案】23．C
24．D
25．C
【知识点】细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国国家航空航天局的科学家们表示，他们有了重大发现，一颗巨大的恒星似乎已经从宇宙中消失。这颗恒星是Kinman Dwarf 星系的一部分，天文学家正在探索它消失两种可能性。一种可能是它的部分被尘埃遮挡。另一种可能性是，它进化成一个黑洞。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
23．考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“But since the galaxy is so far away, researchers have not been able to clearly observe its stars. Astronomers had, however, identified important ‘signatures’, or signs, that the massive star existed.Now they are searching for answers to why it is no longer possible to see them.”但由于该星系如此遥远，研究人员一直无法清楚地观察到它的恒星。然而，天文学家已经发现了这颗大质量恒星存在的重要“特征”或迹象。现在，他们正在寻找为什么看不到它们的答案。可知，代词them指代的是上一句出现过的复数名词signatures，科学家们要寻找看不见这些“特征”的答案，故选C。
24．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The team said its observations repeatedly showed evidence that the Kinman Dwarf galaxy contained the massive star, which was estimated to be about 2.5 million times brighter than our sun. Researchers said the evidence suggested that the star was ‘in a late stage of its evolution’.”该团队表示，他们的观测反复证明Kinman Dwarf 星系中有这颗大质量恒星，据估计，它的亮度约为太阳的250万倍。研究人员表示，证据表明这颗恒星“处于进化的晚期”。可知，有证据表明，大质量恒星确实存在于遥远的星系中，故选D。
25．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The astronomers are now exploring two possibilities. The first is that the star might have become less bright and could be partly blocked by dust. The other possibility is that it collapsed into a black hole without producing a super powerful explosion.”天文学家正在探索两种可能性。首先，这颗恒星可能变得不那么明亮，可能部分被尘埃遮挡。另一种可能性是，它进化成一个黑洞，而没有产生超级强大的爆炸。可知，“它进化成了一个黑洞。”可以解释为什么大质量恒星消失了，故选C。
二、任务型阅读（共10小题，每题2分，满分20）
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so. 　26． 　It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.
　27． 　The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.
In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use. 　28． 　Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. 　29． 　
Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue. 　30． 　With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.
A. Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.
B. Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.
C. It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.
D. Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.
E. It will affect China's transformation towards green development.
F. Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.
G. The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.
【答案】26．D；27．F；28．B；29．C；30．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能垃圾桶在城市的试用，并有望得到推广，有助于中国的绿色发展转型。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇环保类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
26．根据空前“Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so.”在智能手机上打开一个应用程序，扫描垃圾桶上的条形码。当你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶时，它会显示垃圾的重量和你可以从中得到的分数。可知，上文谈到了扫码扔垃圾的方式，D项中提到的 “Such a way of handling garbage” 与之呼应。 D. Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities. “这种处理垃圾的方式在一些城市已经出现。”符合语境，故选D。
27．根据空后“The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.”环境问题一直是这些城市发展中令人头疼的问题。鼓励垃圾分类已经成为一种有效的方式。可知，下句提到在城市的发展过程中环境问题成为令人头疼的问题。F项指出了中国的环境问题， F. Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities. “每年中国的一些城市造成2亿多吨垃圾”符合语境，故选F。
28．根据空前“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.”在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，设空处前介绍了装有LED屏幕的垃圾桶，设空处后介绍了装有感应器的垃圾桶，此种垃圾桶更加智能。B. Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.“另一种垃圾桶更聪明。”符合语境。故选B。
29．根据空前“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.”在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，空处对它们的出现给予评价。C. It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.“难怪居民们都为它们两种垃圾桶的出现而欢呼”符合语境。故选C。
30．根据空前“Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.”垃圾处理是一个每天涉及到每个人的小问题。然而，这也是一个大问题。可知，上文指出垃圾处理也是个大问题，本句应该进一步解释。E. It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.“它会影响中国向绿色发展转型”指出了具体的问题，故选E。
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）任务型阅读
How to preserve your culture
Think of any objects in your house, meals you eat, or gestures you use, and you'll find evidence of culture. Culture has shaped who you are. 　31． 　Here're some tips.
Share your culture's art and techniques. Each culture has its own clothing, music, visual arts, and many more distinguishing characteristics. Other members of your culture will be overjoyed to share or talk about their interests, what they do for fun, and fine works of art they appreciate. This may include traditional artifacts (手 工艺品) you can find in a museum, but material culture goes far beyond that. 　32． 　
Cook family recipes. It's never too late to learn some recipes from your grandmother's cookbook. 　33． 　 During the process, you might remember meals from your childhood or festivals. Just reading a recipe can teach you how much ingredients and kitchen tools have changed.
　34． 　 Your city or village may have some cultural events, which you should actively participate in. If you don't know of any in your area, some tribes (部落) or ethnic groups in your country almost certainly celebrate major cultural festivals. Travel to these places to get a broader perspective on your culture.
Speak your local dialect. If you know someone who shares your culture but speaks a native tongue better than you, or in other words, in a more authentic way, ask him or her to teach you. Language is an important part of a culture. 　35． 　 Plus, if the language is rare in your area, nobody will be able to catch on to what you're talking about.
A. Attend major events and festivals.
B. Travel abroad to celebrate cultural festivals.
C. Smell and taste have a powerful connection to memory.
D. Even a kitchen spoon or a public building is a cultural artwork.
E. You should learn more about it and know how you can keep it strong.
F. Many experts argue that language shapes our whole view about the world.
G. They will disappear with time if you do not make an effort to preserve them.
【答案】31．E；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文化塑造了我们，我们应该多了解我们的文化，作者提出了一些保持文化强大的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇文化类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
31．根据空前“Think of any objects in your house, meals you eat, or gestures you use, and you’ll find evidence of culture. Culture has shaped who you are.”想想你家里的任何物品，你吃的食物，或你使用的手势，你就会发现文化的证据。文化塑造了你。可知，上文提到了文化塑造了我们，可见文化具有重要性，结合后文说明了保持文化强大的方法， E. You should learn more about it and know how you can keep it strong. “你应该更多地了解它，知道如何保持它强大”符合语境，故选E。
32．根据空前“Share your culture's art and techniques. Each culture has its own clothing, music, visual arts, and many more distinguishing characteristics. Other members of your culture will be overjoyed to share or talk about their interests, what they do for fun, and fine works of art they appreciate. This may include traditional artifacts (手 工艺品) you can find in a museum, but material culture goes far beyond that. ”分享你的文化艺术和技术。每一种文化都有自己的服装、音乐、视觉艺术，以及更多不同的特点。你的文化中的其他成员会非常高兴地分享或谈论他们的兴趣，他们的乐趣，以及他们欣赏的艺术作品。这可能包括你可以在博物馆找到的传统文物，但物质文化远不止于此。可知，上文提到物质文化远不止博物馆中的传统物品，可知本句承接上文说明还有哪些物品也是文化艺术品。 D. Even a kitchen spoon or a public building is a cultural artwork. “即使是一个厨房的勺子或者一个公共建筑也是文化艺术品”符合语境，故选D。
33．根据空前“Cook family recipes. It’s never too late to learn some recipes from your grandmother’s cookbook.”烹饪家庭菜谱。从你祖母的食谱上学习一些食谱永远都不晚；以及空后“During the process, you might remember meals from your childhood or festivals. Just reading a recipe can teach you how much ingredients and kitchen tools have changed.”在这个过程中，你可能会想起童年或节日里的食物。仅仅是阅读菜谱就可以让你知道食材和厨房工具发生了多大的变化。可知，上文提到了烹饪祖母的食谱来保持文化强大，后文则提到会想起童年，可知本句承接上文说明原因：嗅觉和味觉与记忆有很强的联系。 C. Smell and taste have a powerful connection to memory. “嗅觉和味觉与记忆有很强的联系”符合语境，故选C。
34．根据空后“Your city or village may have some cultural events, which you should actively participate in. If you don't know of any in your area, some tribes (部落) or ethnic groups in your country almost certainly celebrate major cultural festivals. Travel to these places to get a broader perspective on your culture.”你所在的城市或村庄可能会有一些文化活动，你应该积极参与。如果你不知道在你的地区有任何节日，你国家的一些部落或民族几乎肯定会庆祝重大的文化节日。去这些地方旅行，对你的文化有一个更广阔的视角。可知，本段的主旨是通过参加文化活动或节日来保持文化的强大。 A. Attend major events and festivals. “参加重大活动和节日”符合语境，故选A。
35．根据空前“Speak your local dialect. If you know someone who shares your culture but speaks a native tongue better than you, or in other words, in a more authentic way, ask him or her to teach you. Language is an important part of a culture.”说当地方言。如果你认识的人与你有着相同的文化，但他们的母语比你说得好，或者换句话说，以一种更真实的方式，请他或她教你。语言是文化的重要组成部分。可知，本句承接上文进一步说明“语言是文化的重要组成部分”的观点，且F选项中language对应上文中Language。 F. Many experts argue that language shapes our whole view about the world. “许多专家认为语言塑造了我们对世界的整个看法”符合语境，故选F。
三、完型填空（共 40 小题，每题 1 分，满分 40）
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Five years ago, I was 30, living in London and working in advertising. My job required long hours, and my 36． often told me that I looked 37． , I was in my head a lot, thinking over conversations, wishing I'd said something 38． and wondering what others thought of me.
A complete stranger 39． me to change. A visitor from 40． came to stay with my roommate. She had this 41． calm energy. I asked her what her 42． was, and she told me that she practiced Vedic Meditation (冥想), a silent transcendental (超凡的) meditation 43． in Ayurvedic tradition in which you repeat a mantra (祷语) in your mind.
A few months later, when life became even 44． , I started thinking about our Australian guest and her meditation. 45． , she sent me a message and asked if I'd ended up trying it. She 46． a local teacher, and I signed up for a weekend 47． . I was given a mantra and practiced meditating in a group setting.
It took a while to see the 48． . In my first meditation, time 49． on. When I opened my eyes, the 50． asked how I felt, but I didn't notice any change. I 51． with it, practicing daily, 20 minutes in the morning and evening. A few months later, I visited family and friends and they 52． on how much calmer I was.
Now I practice meditating twice a day. I've made other 53． changes, too, such as drinking less alcohol and working out. Now time flies when I'm meditating, and I sleep much better. My 54． aren't gone, but when I meditate, they seem much more 55． .
36．A．strangers B．coaches C．colleagues D．interviewers
37．A．improved B．stressed C．affected D．confused
38．A．unusual B．similar C．familiar D．lucky
39．A．satisfied B．required C．acquired D．inspired
40．A．Japan B．China C．Australia D．India
41．A．amazingly B．importantly C．punctually D．obviously
42．A．worship B．message C．experience D．secret
43．A．buried B．rooted C．engaged D．resulted
44．A．longer B．slower C．tougher D．brighter
45．A．On the contrary B．By coincidence
C．In conclusion D．Above all
46．A．recommended B．decorated C．undertook D．rented
47．A．experiment B．challenge C．course D．routine
48．A．moments B．effects C．senses D．stages
49．A．stepped B．rested C．acted D．dragged
50．A．instructor B．volunteer C．examiner D．officer
51．A．caught up B．agreed C．came up D．stuck
52．A．insisted B．commented C．depended D．focused
53．A．generous B．public C．healthy D．pitiful
54．A．ideas B．fights C．doubts D．worries
55．A．manageable B．miserable C．comfortable D．acceptable
【答案】36．C；37．B；38．A；39．D；40．C；41．A；42．D；43．B；44．C；45．B；46．A；47．C；48．B；49．D；50．A；51．D；52．B；53．C；54．D；55．A
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在室友的鼓励下练习冥想来减少压力和忧虑的经历。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
36．句意：我的工作时间很长，我的同事经常告诉我，我看起来很紧张，我经常在脑海里思考对话，希望我说一些不同寻常的话，想知道别人对我的看法。A. strangers“ 陌生人”；B. coaches“教练”； C. colleagues “同事”；D. interviewers“面试者，采访者”。根据空前“My job required long hours”，可推断是我的同事们告诉我“我看起来很紧张”这件事。故选C。
37．句意：我的工作时间很长，我的同事经常告诉我，我看起来很紧张，我经常在脑海里思考对话，希望我说一些不同寻常的话，想知道别人对我的看法。A. improved “改善的”；B. stressed “紧张的，有压力的”；C. affected“ 受到影响的”；D. confused“困惑的”。根据空前“My job required long hours”以及空后“and wondering what others thought of me.”可推知，作者总是看起来很紧张，故选B。
38．句意：我的工作时间很长，我的同事经常告诉我，我看起来很紧张，我经常在脑海里思考对话，希望我说一些不同寻常的话，想知道别人对我的看法。A. unusual“不寻常的”； B. similar “相似的”；C. familiar “熟悉的”；D. lucky“幸运的”。根据上文“Five years ago, I was 30, living in London and working in advertising. ”五年前，我30岁，住在伦敦，从事广告业。可知，作者从事广告职业，所以应是想要说出一些与众不同的想法，故选A。
39．句意：一个完全陌生的人激励我做出改变。A. satisfied“满意”； B. required “要求”；C. acquired“习得”；D. inspired“激励”。根据空后“to change”以及下文提到这位澳大利亚客人对作者提出建议帮助他变得平静下来可知，是一位陌生人激励作者改变，故选D。
40．句意：一位来自澳大利亚的客人来和我的室友在一起住。A. Japan“日本”； B. China “中国”；C. Australia“澳大利亚”； D. India“印度”。根据下文“I started thinking about our Australian guest and her meditation. ”我开始想到我们的澳大利亚客人和她的沉思。可知，她来自澳大利亚，故选C。
41．句意：她有一种惊人的镇定下来的能量。A. amazingly“令人惊讶地”；B. importantly “重要地”；C. punctually“ 准时地”；D. obviously“明显地”。根据下文“and she told me that she practiced Vedic Meditation(冥想), a silent transcendental(超凡的) meditation”可知，她有一种惊人的镇定下来的能量，故选A。
42．句意：我问她的秘诀是什么，她告诉我她练习了吠陀冥想，这是一种根植于阿育吠陀传统的无声的超验冥想，在这种冥想中，你要在心里反复念诵祷语。A. worship“敬奉，崇拜”； B. message“信息”；C. experience“经验，经历”； D. secret“秘诀”。根据空前“and she told me that she practiced Vedic Meditation(冥想)”，可知，我应是询问她能够做到很平静的秘诀是什么，故选D。
43．句意：我问她的秘诀是什么，她告诉我她练习了吠陀冥想，这是一种根植于阿育吠陀传统的无声的超验冥想，在这种冥想中，你要在心里反复念诵祷语。A. buried“埋葬”； B. rooted “生根”；C. engaged “参与”；D. resulted“引起……结果”。根据空后“ you repeat a mantra (祷语) in your mind ”你要在心里反复念诵祷语，可知，这种冥想的方法根植于“阿育吠陀传统的无声超验冥想”，故选B。
44．句意：几个月后，生活变得更加艰难，我开始想到我们的澳大利亚客人和她的冥想。A. longer“更长的”；B. slower“ 更慢的”；C. tougher “更艰苦的”；D. brighter“更明亮的”。根据上文可知，作者原本就感到很紧张，焦虑，结合此时他又想起室友的冥想可知，作者的生活变得更艰难了，故选C。
45．句意：碰巧，她给我发了个信息，问我有没有试过。A. On the contrary “相反”；B. By coincidence“碰巧”；C. In conclusion“总之”； D. Above all“首先”。根据上文作者想起了室友的冥想方法，本句提到她也此时发信息来询问，所以是“碰巧”，故选B。
46．句意：她推荐了一位当地的老师，我报名参加了一个周末课程。A. recommended “推荐”；B. decorated“装饰”；C. undertook“承担，从事”；D. rented“租赁”。根据空后“ a local teacher ”当地老师；以及“我报了课程”可知，她向我推荐了一位老师。故选A。
47．句意：她推荐了一位当地的老师，我报名参加了一个周末课程。A. experiment “试验”；B. challenge“挑战”； C. course “课程”；D. routine“日常生活”。根据“她推荐了一位当地的老师”可知，我报名参加了“课程”，故选C。
48．句意：过了一段时间才看到效果。A. moments“时刻”； B. effects “效果”；C. senses“感觉”； D. stages“舞台”。根据上文，她推荐了一位当地的老师，作者因而报名参加了一个周末课程，此处是说课程学习的效果，故选B。
49．句意：我第一次冥想时，时间过得很慢。A. stepped“踏，迈步”；B. rested “休息”；C. acted“行动”；D. dragged“拖动”。根据空前“In my first meditation”可知，作者第一次练习冥想时，时间过得很慢，故选D。
50．句意：当我睁开眼睛时，老师问我感觉如何，但我没有注意到任何变化。A. instructor “指导员”；B. volunteer “志愿者”；C. examiner“检查员”； D. officer“官员”。 根据上文可知，作者在冥想课程上练习，因此此处指指导老师问作者感觉如何，故选A。
51．句意：我用它来练习，每天早上和晚上练习20分钟。A. caught up“赶上”； B. agreed “同意”；C. came up“出现”； D. stuck“困住，坚持”。stick with固定短语，“坚持做，继续做”，故选D。
52．句意：几个月后，我拜访了家人和朋友，他们评价说我变得平静多了。A. insisted“坚持”；B. commented “评价”；C. depended“依靠，取决于”； D. focused “关注”。练习冥想有了效果，大家评价说作者比以前平静了，comment on，固定短语，“对……评论”，故选B。
53．句意：我也做了其他健康的改变，比如少喝酒和锻炼。A. generous“慷慨”；B. public “公开的”；C. healthy“健康的”；D. pitiful “可怜的”。根据空前“drinking less alcohol and working out”是健康的生活方式，故选C。
54．句意：我的忧虑并没有消失，但当我冥想时，它们似乎更容易控制。A. ideas “想法，主意”；B. fights “斗争”；C. doubts “怀疑”；D. worries“忧虑”。根据上文和常识可知，冥想是对抗压力和忧虑的一种方法，虽然忧虑并没有消失，但冥想时，它们会更容易控制，故选D。
55．句意：我的忧虑并没有消失，但当我冥想时，它们似乎更容易控制。A. manageable“可管理的”；B. miserable “残忍的“；C. comfortable ”舒服的“； D. acceptable”可接受的“。前文表示转折关系的but表明虽然忧虑并未消失，但在冥想时变得更加可控，故选A。
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）完形填空
British
Cycling had recently hired Dave Brails ford as its new director. At the time,
professional cyclists in Great Britain had 56． nearly one hundred years of
mediocrity(平庸). In
fact, their 57． had been so poor that one of the top bike
companies in Europe 58． to sell bikes to the team because they
were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the British
people using their bikes.
What made Brails ford different from previous coaches was his 59． of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do. The whole principle came from the idea that if you 60． everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get a 61． increase when you put them all together.
Brails
ford and his coaches began by making small 62． . They redesigned the bike seats to make them more 63． . They asked riders to wear electrically heated over-shorts to 64． ideal muscle temperature while riding and used biofeedback sensors
to 65． how each athlete responded to a
particular workout.
But
they didn't stop there. They 66． to find 1 percent improvements in
overlooked areas. They hired a(n) 67． to teach each rider the best
way to wash their hands to reduce the 68． of catching a cold. They even painted the 69． of the team truck white, which helped them 70． little bits of dust that would normally slip by 71． but could affect the performance of the 72． tuned bikes.
As
these and hundreds of other small improvements were 73． , the results came faster than anyone could have 74． . Just five years after Brails ford took over, they 75． the road and track cycling events in all the important Games.
56．A．lost B．enjoyed C．showed D．suffered
57．A．score B．track C．performance D．model
58．A．failed B．refused C．expected D．pretended
59．A．promise B．opinion C．dream D．philosophy
60．A．broke down B．took
down C．put up D．gave away
61．A．flexible B．temporary C．significant D．random
62．A．differences B．adjustments C．programs D．efforts
63．A．attractive B．empty C．soft D．comfortable
64．A．maintain B．raise C．reduce D．discover
65．A．change B．monitor C．manage D．produce
66．A．continued B．happened C．learned D．bothered
67．A．coach B．secretary C．assistant D．surgeon
68．A．sessions B．chances C．records D．reactions
69．A．tyres B．roof C．inside D．seats
70．A．gather B．recognize C．spot D．send
71．A．surrounded B．unnoticed C．removed D．discovered
72．A．finely B．initially C．slightly D．positively
73．A．took off B．picked up C．built up D．got off
74．A．achieved B．remembered C．mentioned D．imagined
75．A．dominated B．witnessed C．celebrated D．attended
【答案】56．D；57．C；58．B；59．D；60．A；61．C；62．B；63．D；64．A；65．B；66．A；67．D；68．B；69．C；70．C；71．B；72．A；73．C；74．D；75．A
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英国的自行车赛车队雇佣了Brailsford主管。该主管以一点点进步与改善为人生信条，在各方面不断改进，使得该车队在五年时间里，在重要的赛事中有了自己的一席之地。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
56．句意：当时，英国的职业自行车手遭受了近百年的平庸。A. lost“失去”；B. enjoyed“喜爱”；C. showed“展示”；D. suffered“遭受”。根据空后“nearly one hundred years of mediocrity”以及“they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the Brits using their bikes”可推知，此处指英国的职业自行车手被人看不起，遭受了近百年的平庸。故选D。
57．句意：事实上，他们的表现一直很差，以至于欧洲一家顶级自行车公司拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心，如果其他专业人士看到英国人在使用他们的自行车，会影响销售。A. score“分数”；B. track“踪迹”；C. performance“表现”；D. model“模型”。根据空后“had been so poor”以及“they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the Brits using their bikes”可推知，此处指英国的职业自行车手的表现很差。故选C。
58．句意：事实上，他们的表现一直很差，以至于欧洲一家顶级自行车公司拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心，如果其他专业人士看到英国人在使用他们的自行车，会影响销售。A. failed“失败”；B. refused“拒绝”；C. expected“预期”；D. pretended“假装”。根据空后“they were afraid that it would hurt sales”可推知，此处指自行车公司拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心会影响销售。故选B。
59．句意：与之前的教练不同，Brailsford的人生观是在他们所做的每一件事上都寻求微小的改进。A. promise“诺言”；B. opinion“观点”；C. dream“梦想”；D. philosophy“人生观”。根据空后“of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do”可推知，此处指Brailsford的人生观与之前的教练不同。故选D。
60．句意：整个原则来自于这样一个想法，如果你把你能想到的骑自行车的所有东西分解，提高1%，当你把它们放在一起时，你会得到显著的提高。A. broke down“分解”；B. took down“取下”；C. put up“建造”；D. gave away“赠送”。根据空后“when you put them all together”可推知，此处指分解各个领域并不断改进，再放在一起。故选A。
61．句意：整个原则来自于这样一个想法，如果你把你能想到的骑自行车的所有东西分解，提高1%，当你把它们放在一起时，你会得到显著的提高。A. flexible“灵活的”；B. temporary“暂时的”；C. significant“显著的”；D. random“随意的”。根据空前“if you 5 everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get”以及空后“increase”可推知，此处指分解各个领域并逐一提升，最后可以得到显著的提高。故选C。
62．句意：Brailsford和他的教练们从一些小的调整开始。A. differences“差异”；B. adjustments“调整”；C. programs“程序”；D. efforts“努力”。根据下文“They redesigned the bike seats”以及“asked riders to wear electrically heated over-shorts”可推知，此处指登录二一教育在线组卷平台 助您教考全无忧
黑龙江省哈尔滨师范附属中学2021-2022学年高二下学期英语开学考试
一、阅读理解（共25小题， 每题2分， 满分50）
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
It's no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research thatfoundwildfiresmokeisteemingwiththousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms. Someofthese microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores (真菌孢子), are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi (真菌) that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播 的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach themselves onto smoke particulates (微粒), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. "Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections," says Chen, "but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition. " "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen, "But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness "
"Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is 'certainly alarming'. " says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. "This is especially true for lower-income populations," Jack says, "because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike, will inhale more smoke than those who drive. "
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor — including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters (过滤器) and running air conditioning.
1．What can we know about the microorganisms from paragraph 2
A．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
B．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
C．They could be killed by high heat.
D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particulates.
2．How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen
A．They will causes lung infections.
B．They might worsen lung disease.
C．They will destroy living environments.
D．They might damage respiratory system.
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
Australian experts have expressed concerns that too many millennials (千禧一代) are hoping to use their social media accounts to build their careers. Their concerns follow the sudden rise in "insta-celebrities" who make money by posting sponsored (赞助的) photos online. For the lucky few who are not only talented photographers but also good-looking and business-savvy (有商业头脑的), making money off social media isn't impossible.
Instagram is flooded with social media professionals paid to promote products and services. However, social scientist Lauren Rosewarne, from the University of Melbourne, says that in reality, there are far fewer people making money off the platforms than one may think. She said many young Australians were getting sucked in by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram, describing it as "totally unrealistic" and extremely difficult to do.
"Young people are hoping to be famous in numbers that were simply not there 20 years ago," Rosewarne told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on Saturday. "There are some people who can make fortunes out of monetizing (使具有货币性质) their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm. " She said it was up to parents and schools to discourage students from seeking Insta-fame, as many believe it is a possible career choice. "There's the warning for parents; this is not a normal or even common occurrence that you can monetize your Instagram account. "
Meanwhile Toni Eager from Australian National University said social problems could arise from spending too much time with social media. "Where do the insta-celebrities go to separate the life people see on Instagram from their actual normal life " Eager said. "All of a sudden, people own your private life. "
3．Why is there a rise in "insta-celebrities"
A．Many young people are good at taking photos.
B．Many people see it as a shortcut to making money.
C．People want to socialize by sharing photos online.
D．Instagram offers a reliable career choice for millennials.
4．What does the underlined phrase "getting sucked in" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Becoming involved in something. B．Benefiting from something.
C．Taking advantage of something. D．Being satisfied with something.
5．What message does the author convey by quoting Lauren Rosewarne
A．Young people today are more business-savvy than ever.
B．Young people are becoming less interested in internet fame.
C．Instagram is not a good platform to promote new products.
D．It may not be a good idea for the young to try earning money on Instagram.
6．What problem does Toni Eager think overuse of social media could cause
A．An over reliance on Instagram.
B．Inability to appreciate life.
C．A loss of personal privacy.
D．An addiction to the virtual life online.
（2021·佳木斯模拟）阅读理解
It
never occurred to me when I was little that gardens were anything less than wonderful
places. Granddad's garden was on the bank of a river and sloped gently down
towards the water. You couldn't reach the river but you could hear the sound of
the water and the birds that sang in the trees above.
At
home, his son, my father, could be quiet and withdrawn. I wouldn't want to make
him sound humorless. He wasn't. Silly things would amuse him. I realize that,
deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn't made more of his life. He
left school without qualifications and became a beginner to a plumber(水管工). Plumbing was not something he was passionate about. It was just
what he did. He was never particularly ambitious, though there was a moment
when he and Mum thought of emigrating to Canada, but it came to nothing. Where
he came into his own was around the house. He had an "eye for the
job." Be it bookshelves or a cupboard—what he could achieve was
astonishing.
Of
the three options, moors (荒野), woods
or river—the river was the one that usually got my vote. On a stretch of the
river I was allowed to disappear with my imagination into another world. With a
fishing net over my shoulder I could set off in shoes that were last year's
model. I'd walk along the river bank looking for a suitable spot where I could
take off the painful shoes and leave them with my picnic while I adventured
out, peering through the water for any fish that I could scoop up with the net
and take home.
I
wanted to leave school as soon as possible but that seemed an unlikely prospect
until one day my father announced, "They've got a post for an gardener in
the Parks Department. I thought you might be interested." He might still
have preferred it if I became a carpenter. But I like to feel that somewhere
inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe
I'm cheating myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he
hated gardening himself, he'd watched me doing it for long enough and noticed
my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.
7．What is the writer's attitude to his father in the second paragraph
A．He was unsatisfied with his father.
B．He was regretful that his father had not achieved more.
C．He was sympathetic to the reasons why his father behaved.
D．He was grateful that his father had not taken the family to Canada.
8．What does the writer mean by the underlined phrase "came into his own"
A．was able to do something by himself
B．was able to show his talents out
C．was able to continue his day job
D．was able to forget his failure
9．What can we infer from the passage
A．The writer felt angry that the garden was less amazing
B．The writer was an excellent fisherman for his gift
C．The fishing trip illustrated the writer's carefree childhood.
D．Around the house lied the father's dream of being carpenter
10．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．His father is unsure about his son's future
B．His father was tired of giving way to his son.
C．His father had been trying to find a job his son would enjoy.
D．His father had been impressed by his son's love of gardening.
（2021·佳木斯模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The Trades Union Congress(TUC) has urged the government to use high productivity from the greater use of robots and artificial intelligence to reverse(推翻) planned changes to the state retirement age.
Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher productivity thanks to technological innovation(革新) ought to bring greater benefits for working people. It said recent progress had mainly benefited business owners, rather than being shared across the workforce through better wages and working conditions. Frances O'Grady, the TUC general secretary, said: "Robots and Al could let us produce more for less, promoting national prosperity. But we need a debate about who benefits from this wealth, and how workers get a fair share. "
There have been previous waves of technological advances since the first Industrial Revolution, when inefficient jobs have been replaced by machines or the number of people required to do work has been reduced. Such advances have not led to a total loss of jobs, but have disturbed the type of work people do.
There are concerns that the current stage of innovation could be more damaging, while the rewards from higher productivity have not necessarily led to higher wages. The latest available figures show low unemployment unseen since the mid-1970s, but growth in real wages remains negative.
In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions(比例) had changed completely, but in the communities which were affected, the jobs lost in manufacturing were not replaced by jobs of similar or better quality. Wages in former industrial areas were still 10% below the national average.
The increase in the state retirement age by seven years, which was controversially(有争议的) brought forward by the Work and Pensions Secretary David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in their late 30s and early 40s. As well as opposing the proposal on the retirement age, the TUC said workers should be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in workplace training. At present, the UK invests just half of the EU average, it said. O'Grady said: "Robots are not just terminators (终结者). Some of today's jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure that tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's. "
11．According to the TUC, the use of robots and artificial intelligence should result in ______.
A．technological advances B．higher levels of productivity
C．benefits for working people D．more wealth of business owners
12．It can be inferred that the waves of technological advances ______.
A．had a great influence on the labor structure
B．tended to be more damaging than constructive
C．were the outcome of the Industrial Revolution
D．slowly raised the real income of working people
13．What can we learn about the proposal of David Gauke
A．It is strongly opposed by the TUC.
B．It will help to create new types of jobs.
C．It has produced a widespread influence.
D．It reflects the real needs of economic growth.
14．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Technological innovation has contributed to people's wage increases.
B．The government plans to delay retirement age, from which 7 million people will suffer.
C．The use of robots and artificial intelligence is only beneficial to the national prosperity.
D．O'Grady thinks that new jobs in the future must be ensured to be at least as good as today's.
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
After years of research and test, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It's an interesting and exciting new improvement in today's quality of the air we breathe and save our natural resources.
The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gas which are used to power a car's engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.
A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gas and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partly electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that's not how it works. Through the energy that is produced when the car's brakes are used. This is referred to as "regenerative braking"(再生制动), because it generates electricity.
Although the hybrid car still runs on gas most of the time, this help it use less gas than a regular car. When a driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear(处于正常工作状态) and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.
Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas That probably wouldn't happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashed a warning reading: "YOU ARE NOW OUT OF GAS!" Then the electric power supply energy in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.
15．According to the passage, the underlined word "hybrid"(in Paragraph 1) refers to ______.
A．a high-tech discovery
B．energy-saving
C．a new invention
D．a new kind for the combination of two things
16．The EPA is important to our environment because ______.
A．they designed hybrid cars
B．they forbade the burning of fossil fuels
C．they set important rules that help control pollution
D．their main purpose is to produce non-polluting cars
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
Every year, billions of kilograms of fresh produce are wasted in the United States. The food ends up in landfills, producing harmful greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, millions of poor Americans go hungry, without access to healthy, affordable meals.
Evan Lutz is passionate about correcting that social injustice. And he combines that goal with a passion for business. "I've wanted to become a social entrepreneur, not just starting a business that made money but also starting one that gave back. I'm just an average guy with a passion towards making sure no food goes to waste and making sure no person is hungry in America and I want to do that through business. "
Lutz
is CEO and founder of Hungry Harvest, a business which collects and sells
"ugly" produce. These are fruit and vegetables that most food
companies would throw away. "If you go to a grocery store, everything is
growing the same exact way. All the stuff that doesn't grow the same way gets
wasted and gets thrown out. So, we take all that stuff that normally gets
thrown out because of its odd size or shape. We box it up into a variety of
boxes. And then we deliver them to our customers once a week. We hire people
that were living in homeless shelters. They were really looking to get a chance
in life. "
In
January 2016, Lutz appeared on the American business competition television
show "Shark Tank". It connects investors with entrepreneurs. Lutz
sought a $50,000 investment in Hungry Harvest, in exchange for a five percent
stake in his company. Finally, he got even more than what he expected –
$100,000 for 10 percent ownership.
17．According to the passage, we can infer "Shark Tank" ______.
A．introduces the stories of investors
B．publicizes successful business cases
C．helps entrepreneurs get fund support
D．belongs to meetings of political parties
18．Who would not benefit from Evan Lutz's business
A．Fruit farmers. B．Poor families.
C．Hungry Harvest. D．The homeless.
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
Homeowners
Hermine Ricketts and her husband, Tom Carroll, held a ceremonial planting of vegetables
in their garden on the day when a Florida law went into effect that removed
local bans across the state on vegetable gardens at residential properties. It
was one of the rules that had forced the couple, who lived in Miami Shores, to
uproot (根除) all
the vegetables in the garden that Ricketts had kept for almost twenty years.
Ricketts had her vegetable garden in her front yard because it faced south and her backyard was mostly in the shade. The retired architect said she gardened for the food and also for the peace it brought her.
"This
is a peach tree that I planted, and around it, I had kale, and in between the
kale, I had some cabbages," Ricketts said then.
But then a zoning ordinance (条例) was tightened by Miami Shores Village to forbid vegetables in front yards on the ground, saying that they were unpleasant to look at. Village officials told Ricketts to uproot all her vegetables or she would face a $50 daily fine according to the ban.
And
she fought back, joining up with the Institute for Justice, a national law
firm, to challenge the ban.
It
took six years, but they won. The Florida Legislature passed a bill protecting
vegetable gardens, and Governor Ron DeSantis signed it. "After nearly six
years of fighting… I will once again be able to legally plant vegetables in my
front yard," Ricketts said in a statement. "I'm grateful to the
Legislature and the Governor for standing up to protect my freedom to grow
healthy food on my own property. "
She
complained that the fight even had to happen. "We had kept a beautiful,
nutritious garden for many years before the Village went out of its way to ban
it and then scared us with ruinous fines," she said.
"Gardening
is wonderful," Ricketts added gladly. "I feel victory. …I have no
words. "
19．Why did Ricketts position her vegetable garden in the front yard
A．It was peaceful out there. B．It could get enough sunlight.
C．It offered more vegetables. D．It was mostly in the shade.
20．What do we know about the local ban in Miami Shores
A．It required a regular fine.
B．It had been effective for twenty years.
C．It was tightened to forbid ugly gardens.
D．It was removed after Ricketts' ceremony.
21．Which word best describes Ricketts' attitude to the fight itself
A．Proud. B．Grateful. C．Dissatisfied. D．Disapproving.
22．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．A Ban on Vegetable Gardens in Front Yards.
B．A Bill Signed to Protect Vegetable Gardens.
C．A Couple Held a Ceremonial Planting of Vegetables.
D．A Couple Won the Right to Plant Vegetables in Front Yards.
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读理解
Scientists working in NASA say they have made a significant discovery that a huge star seems to have disappeared from the universe. The star is part of the Kinman Dwarf galaxy, pictures of which were taken in the past by a camera attached to NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. But since the galaxy is so far away, researchers have not been able to clearly observe its stars. Astronomers had, however, identified important "signatures", or signs, that the massive star existed. Now they are searching for answers to why it is no longer possible to see them.
A team of scientists from the European Southern Observatory reported it had been observing the star with its Very Large Telescope, VLT, for at least 10 years. The team said its observations repeatedly showed evidence that the Kinman Dwarf galaxy contained the massive star, which was estimated to be about 2.5 million times brighter than our sun. Researchers said the evidence suggested that the star was "in a late stage of its evolution". They added that the star was a kind considered to be "unstable". This means it could go through major changes in brightness or lose some of its mass.
Andrew Allan, the project's leader, said the researchers wanted to learn more about how massive stars end their lives. The massive object observed in the Kinman Dwarf galaxy seemed like the perfect target. But when astronomers turned the VLT toward the distant galaxy in 2019, they could no longer find any signs of the massive star. "Instead, we were surprised that the star had disappeared," Allan said in a statement.
The astronomers are now exploring two possibilities. The first is that the star might have become less bright and could be partly blocked by dust. The other possibility is that it collapsed into a black hole without producing a super powerful explosion.
The astronomers plan to keep observing the galaxy for signs of the missing star. They will likely need to wait a few years before confirming what happened to this particular star.
23．What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The stars. B．The galaxies.
C．The signatures. D．The astronomers.
24．What do we know about the massive star
A．It was once clearly observed.
B．It experienced a temporary change.
C．It could only be traced with the VLT.
D．It evidently existed in the distant galaxy.
25．Which of the following might explain the disappearance ofthe massive star
A．It exploded.
B．It lost some of its mass.
C．It evolved into a black hole.
D．It was damaged by dust and became less bright.
二、任务型阅读（共10小题，每题2分，满分20）
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so. 　26． 　It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.
　27． 　The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.
In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use. 　28． 　Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. 　29． 　
Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue. 　30． 　With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.
A. Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.
B. Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.
C. It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.
D. Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.
E. It will affect China's transformation towards green development.
F. Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.
G. The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）任务型阅读
How to preserve your culture
Think of any objects in your house, meals you eat, or gestures you use, and you'll find evidence of culture. Culture has shaped who you are. 　31． 　Here're some tips.
Share your culture's art and techniques. Each culture has its own clothing, music, visual arts, and many more distinguishing characteristics. Other members of your culture will be overjoyed to share or talk about their interests, what they do for fun, and fine works of art they appreciate. This may include traditional artifacts (手 工艺品) you can find in a museum, but material culture goes far beyond that. 　32． 　
Cook family recipes. It's never too late to learn some recipes from your grandmother's cookbook. 　33． 　 During the process, you might remember meals from your childhood or festivals. Just reading a recipe can teach you how much ingredients and kitchen tools have changed.
　34． 　 Your city or village may have some cultural events, which you should actively participate in. If you don't know of any in your area, some tribes (部落) or ethnic groups in your country almost certainly celebrate major cultural festivals. Travel to these places to get a broader perspective on your culture.
Speak your local dialect. If you know someone who shares your culture but speaks a native tongue better than you, or in other words, in a more authentic way, ask him or her to teach you. Language is an important part of a culture. 　35． 　 Plus, if the language is rare in your area, nobody will be able to catch on to what you're talking about.
A. Attend major events and festivals.
B. Travel abroad to celebrate cultural festivals.
C. Smell and taste have a powerful connection to memory.
D. Even a kitchen spoon or a public building is a cultural artwork.
E. You should learn more about it and know how you can keep it strong.
F. Many experts argue that language shapes our whole view about the world.
G. They will disappear with time if you do not make an effort to preserve them.
三、完型填空（共 40 小题，每题 1 分，满分 40）
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Five years ago, I was 30, living in London and working in advertising. My job required long hours, and my 36． often told me that I looked 37． , I was in my head a lot, thinking over conversations, wishing I'd said something 38． and wondering what others thought of me.
A complete stranger 39． me to change. A visitor from 40． came to stay with my roommate. She had this 41． calm energy. I asked her what her 42． was, and she told me that she practiced Vedic Meditation (冥想), a silent transcendental (超凡的) meditation 43． in Ayurvedic tradition in which you repeat a mantra (祷语) in your mind.
A few months later, when life became even 44． , I started thinking about our Australian guest and her meditation. 45． , she sent me a message and asked if I'd ended up trying it. She 46． a local teacher, and I signed up for a weekend 47． . I was given a mantra and practiced meditating in a group setting.
It took a while to see the 48． . In my first meditation, time 49． on. When I opened my eyes, the 50． asked how I felt, but I didn't notice any change. I 51． with it, practicing daily, 20 minutes in the morning and evening. A few months later, I visited family and friends and they 52． on how much calmer I was.
Now I practice meditating twice a day. I've made other 53． changes, too, such as drinking less alcohol and working out. Now time flies when I'm meditating, and I sleep much better. My 54． aren't gone, but when I meditate, they seem much more 55． .
36．A．strangers B．coaches C．colleagues D．interviewers
37．A．improved B．stressed C．affected D．confused
38．A．unusual B．similar C．familiar D．lucky
39．A．satisfied B．required C．acquired D．inspired
40．A．Japan B．China C．Australia D．India
41．A．amazingly B．importantly C．punctually D．obviously
42．A．worship B．message C．experience D．secret
43．A．buried B．rooted C．engaged D．resulted
44．A．longer B．slower C．tougher D．brighter
45．A．On the contrary B．By coincidence
C．In conclusion D．Above all
46．A．recommended B．decorated C．undertook D．rented
47．A．experiment B．challenge C．course D．routine
48．A．moments B．effects C．senses D．stages
49．A．stepped B．rested C．acted D．dragged
50．A．instructor B．volunteer C．examiner D．officer
51．A．caught up B．agreed C．came up D．stuck
52．A．insisted B．commented C．depended D．focused
53．A．generous B．public C．healthy D．pitiful
54．A．ideas B．fights C．doubts D．worries
55．A．manageable B．miserable C．comfortable D．acceptable
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）完形填空
British
Cycling had recently hired Dave Brails ford as its new director. At the time,
professional cyclists in Great Britain had 56． nearly one hundred years of
mediocrity(平庸). In
fact, their 57． had been so poor that one of the top bike
companies in Europe 58． to sell bikes to the team because they
were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the British
people using their bikes.
What made Brails ford different from previous coaches was his 59． of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do. The whole principle came from the idea that if you 60． everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get a 61． increase when you put them all together.
Brails
ford and his coaches began by making small 62． . They redesigned the bike seats to make them more 63． . They asked riders to wear electrically heated over-shorts to 64． ideal muscle temperature while riding and used biofeedback sensors
to 65． how each athlete responded to a
particular workout.
But
they didn't stop there. They 66． to find 1 percent improvements in
overlooked areas. They hired a(n) 67． to teach each rider the best
way to wash their hands to reduce the 68． of catching a cold. They even painted the 69． of the team truck white, which helped them 70． little bits of dust that would normally slip by 71． but could affect the performance of the 72． tuned bikes.
As
these and hundreds of other small improvements were 73． , the results came faster than anyone could have 74． . Just five years after Brails ford took over, they 75． the road and track cycling events in all the important Games.
56．A．lost B．enjoyed C．showed D．suffered
57．A．score B．track C．performance D．model
58．A．failed B．refused C．expected D．pretended
59．A．promise B．opinion C．dream D．philosophy
60．A．broke down B．took
down C．put up D．gave away
61．A．flexible B．temporary C．significant D．random
62．A．differences B．adjustments C．programs D．efforts
63．A．attractive B．empty C．soft D．comfortable
64．A．maintain B．raise C．reduce D．discover
65．A．change B．monitor C．manage D．produce
66．A．continued B．happened C．learned D．bothered
67．A．coach B．secretary C．assistant D．surgeon
68．A．sessions B．chances C．records D．reactions
69．A．tyres B．roof C．inside D．seats
70．A．gather B．recognize C．spot D．send
71．A．surrounded B．unnoticed C．removed D．discovered
72．A．finely B．initially C．slightly D．positively
73．A．took off B．picked up C．built up D．got off
74．A．achieved B．remembered C．mentioned D．imagined
75．A．dominated B．witnessed C．celebrated D．attended
四、语法填空（共 20 小题，每题 1 分，满分 20）
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last month, a small screen production became a hot topic on social media. It was a TV 　76． 　 (adapt) of Chinese literature classic, The Dream of the Red Chamber, which 　77． 　 (perform) by a group of children aged 6 to 12. Despite their young age, the children 　78． 　 (skillful) played the characters and won much applause.
To those 　79． 　 have read the book, the young actors and actresses brought the characters alive again. "I was thrilled by their perfect acting 　80． 　 the TV drama. This one is as good as the 1987 work," a Douban user said. Actually, this latest children's version, 　81． 　 (belong) to a program titled, Xiao Xigu (literally, young artists), is in honor of the 　82． 　 (thirty) anniversary of the 1987 work, praised as the most classic.
The program claims 　83． 　 (let) children "Learn from Classics, Act in Practice". However, the works also lead to many concerns besides countless 　84． 　 (praise) on the Internet. Some netizens said such works played by children should be limited, since young people just imitated adults in these productions. Some doubted 　85． 　 young performers could understand the characters and even the essence (本质) of the work they played.
（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pottery (陶器) may be the oldest artwork of human beings. As far back as more than 8,000 years ago, people in China first made pottery by mixing clay with water and 　86． 　 (bake) it until it held its shape. Ancient people attached the word "pottery" to their discovery and used it to create various vessels and tools 　87． 　 (improve) the quality of life.
　88． 　 time passed, the technique became perfect. Different kinds of pottery appeared in different times and regions. For example, during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) the pieces 　89． 　 (create) by adding various metal oxide and baking at a low temperature. The pottery would appear to be light yellow, reddish brown and light green. 　90． 　 (prefer) by many foreigners to the region, the tricolor glazed pottery (唐三彩) was transported all over the world.
Purple clay pottery, won a great reputation for 　91． 　 next hundreds of years. As early as the Song Dynasty (960- 1279), people found that purple clay teapots looked much more graceful than 　92． 　 of other materials. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people who liked drinking tea held firm to the 　93． 　 (believe) that tea in the purple clay pot smelled 　94． 　 (good) and could retain the original quality; these teapots transferred heat much more slowly and were more endurable of heat. Modern people still delight 　95． 　 this classic fashion ideal.
五、短文改错（每篇 10 处错误，共 20 处，每题 1 分，满分 20）
96．（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处错 误, 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改 10 处， 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Smartphone apps certainly make our life easier. And now, it looks like they could even do our homework for us. Recent years have seen the release of a various of study aid apps aimed at student. Most of these apps allow users to take a photo of our schoolwork and the correct answers will just appear on their smartphones. Convenient they are, these apps present problems with both parents and teachers. Most students just copy the answers from the app, while only a few use the app to study. Better still, some students even use the study aid apps as social networks. Therefore, this isn't to say that study aid apps should be completely ban. Parents and teachers should give necessary guidance to help students to take the advantage of the study aid apps' strengths and avoiding their weaknesses.
97．（2022高二下·哈尔滨开学考）短文改错
How
is it going Hearing that you have troubles making small talk with strangers in
China, I'd like to offer you my advice following by many people.
Firstly, it is normal to feel a bit nervous when approaching to strangers. Everyone gets little shy first; after all, you don't know how they are like. The only way was to get over being shy and reach out to us. Secondly, Chinese people, especially young people, are general friendly, kind and enthusiastic. You can talk about almost everything range from sports, stars, movies to music. Thirdly, they are some sensitive topics such as age, weight and income, which should be avoided.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，众所周知，吸入烟雾对肺部有害。但现在，科学家们表示，烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。这一理论是发表在《科学》杂志上，该理论基于一项研究，该研究发现野火烟雾中充满了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物，包括细菌和真菌孢子，已知会引起疾病。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi(真菌) that otherwise might not easily become airborne(空气传播的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach themselves onto smoke particulates(微粒), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.”新的研究表明，当野火烧毁植物或动物并扰乱土壤时，它会暴露出数千种细菌和真菌，否则它们可能不容易通过空气传播。你可能认为大火产生的高温会杀死这些微生物，但文章中提到的一项研究发现，一些细菌甚至在火灾后繁殖。科学家们说，这些生物附着在烟雾微粒上，使它们能够在大陆上旅行数千英里。可知，火灾后微生物可以大量繁殖。故选A。
2．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ ‘Many bacteria and fungi don’t cause lung infections,’ says Chen, ‘but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition.’ ‘I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues,’ says Chen, ‘But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness ’”许多细菌和真菌不会引起肺部感染，”陈说，“但大量的细菌和真菌肯定会使已有肺部疾病的人的症状恶化。”“我一直以为是烟雾中的微粒导致了这些问题，”陈说，“但当我读到这篇文章时，我开始思考:是不是微生物也在恶化现有的疾病 ”可知大量的细菌和真菌会让患有肺部疾病的人症状恶化，从陈的话语中我们可以推断：微生物也许会恶化肺部疾病。故选B。
【答案】3．B
4．A
5．D
6．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，当下许多年轻人想通过在Instagram等社交平台上发布赞助照片来赚钱，这是一种赚钱的捷径，但专家指出，在社交平台上赚钱并不是常态且容易失去个人隐私，对此，专家建议学校和家长应正确引导青少年，不应一味地追求走红，将其作为良好的职业选择。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Their concerns follow the sudden rise in “insta-celebrities” who make money by posting sponsored(赞助的) photos online. ”他们的担忧是随着通过在网上发布赞助照片来赚钱的“ins名人”的突然增多而来的。可知，ins名人增多是因为他们想通过在Instagram上发布赞助照片来赚钱，这是一种相对轻松等赚钱方式，可推断ins名人突然增多是因为许多人把它看作赚钱的捷径。故选B。
4．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“She said many young Australians were getting sucked in by the appeal of making money on platforms like Instagram, describing it as ‘totally unrealistic’ and extremely difficult to do.”她说，许多年轻的澳大利亚人were getting suckedin Instagram等平台赚钱的吸引力，称这“完全不现实”，而且极难做到。可推断，许多澳大利亚年轻人被社交平台的赚钱吸引力所吸引，而参与到这个事情中，可推断getting sucked in 表示“参与到某事中”，故选A。
5．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“‘Young people are hoping to be famous in numbers that were simply not there 20 years ago,’ Rosewarne told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on Saturday. ‘There are some people who can make fortunes out of monetizing(使具有货币性质) their Instagram posts, but that is not the norm.’ She said it was up to parents and schools to discourage students from seeking Insta-fame, as many believe it is a possible career choice. ‘There's the warning for parents; this is not a normal or even common occurrence that you can monetize your Instagram account.’”罗斯沃恩上周六在接受澳大利亚广播公司(ABC)采访时说:“大量的年轻人希望能出名，这在20年前是不可能的。”“有些人可以通过在Instagram上发帖子赚钱，但这不是常态。”她说，家长和学校应该劝阻学生不要寻求在ins上走红，因为很多人认为这是一个可能的职业选择。“这是对父母的警告;你可以把你的Instagram账户货币化（利用Instagram赚钱），这是不正常的，甚至是不常见的。”可知，Lauren Rosewarne表示想要在Instagram等社交平台上赚钱是不那么实际的，家长和学校因提高警惕，在这件事情上对青少年做好引导，由此可知作者引用她的话表达出“对于年轻人来说，尝试在Instagram上赚钱可能不是个好主意。”，故选D。
6．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Meanwhile Toni Eager from Australian National University said social problems could arise from spending too much time with social media. ‘Where do the insta-celebrities go to separate the life people see on Instagram from their actual normal life ’ Eager said. ‘All of a sudden, people own your private life.’”与此同时，澳大利亚国立大学的托妮·切格(Toni Eager)表示，花太多时间在社交媒体上可能会引发社会问题。“Instagram上的名人会去哪里把人们在Instagram上看到的生活与他们实际的正常生活分开 ”他说。“突然之间，你的私生活就被人掌控了。”可推断，过多使用社交媒体会失去个人隐私，故选C。
【答案】7．C
8．B
9．C
10．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；段落大意题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从小喜欢祖父的花园，同情在生活中没有太大成就的父亲，并且在河边度过了无忧无虑的童年，最终选择了园艺工作。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I realize that, deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn't made more of his life. He left school without qualifications and became a beginner to a plumber. Plumbing was not something he was passionate about. It was just what he did. He was never particularly ambitious, though there was a moment when he and Mum thought of emigrating to Canada, but it came to nothing.”我意识到，在内心深处，他可能对自己没有在生活中取得更多成就感到失望。他没有取得任何资格证书就离开了学校，成为了一名水管工的新手。 他对管道工程不感兴趣。这正是他所做的。他从来没有什么特别的雄心壮志，虽然有那么一刻他和妈妈想移民加拿大，但最终没有成功。可推知，作者对父亲的所作所为感到同情。故选C。
8．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中“Be it bookshelves or a cupboard—what he could achieve was astonishing.”无论是书架还是橱柜，父亲都能取得惊人的成就，可见房子成了父亲能够展示才能的地方。所以“came into his own”的意思是“能够展示他的才能”。故选B。
9．考查推理判断。根据第三段“Of the three options, moors, woods or river—the river was the one that usually got my vote. On a stretch of the river I was allowed to disappear with my imagination into another world. With a fishing net over my shoulder I could set off in shoes that were last year's model. I’d walk along the river bank looking for a suitable spot where I could take off the painful shoes and leave them with my picnic while I adventured out, peering through the water for any fish that I could scoop up with the net and take home.”在三个选择中，荒野、森林或河流——河流通常是我选择的那一个。在河的一个河段上，我可以带着我的想象消失在另一个世界里。肩上扛着渔网，我可以穿着去年的款式鞋子出发。我会沿着河岸走，寻找一个合适的地方，脱掉那双痛苦的鞋子，把它们放在我的野餐中，而我冒险出去，在水里凝视着任何我可以用网捞起来带回家的鱼。可推知，钓鱼之旅描绘了作者无忧无虑的童年。故选C。
10．考查段落大意。根据最后一段“I wanted to leave school as soon as possible but that seemed an unlikely prospect until one day my father announced, ‘They’ve got a post for an gardener in the Parks Department. I thought you might be interested.’ He might still have preferred it if I became a carpenter. But I like to feel that somewhere inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe I’m cheating myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he hated gardening himself, he’d watched me doing it for long enough and noticed my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.”我想尽快离开学校，但这似乎不太可能，直到有一天父亲宣布：“公园管理处招聘一名园丁。我想你可能会感兴趣。”如果我当木匠，他可能还是会喜欢的。但我喜欢在他的内心深处有一种感觉，那就是事情可能会向好的方向发展。也许我是在欺骗自己，但我更愿意相信，在他心中，尽管他讨厌自己的园艺工作，但他已经看着我做了足够长的时间，并注意到我对所有生长、开花、结果的东西的永恒的热情。可知，最后一段的主旨是儿子对园艺的热爱给他父亲留下了深刻的印象。故选D。
【答案】11．C
12．A
13．A
14．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了英国劳工联合会敦促政府利用技术浪潮来高效推翻延迟退休七年的提案，来为工人阶层谋福利。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
11．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Before its annual congress in Brighton, the TUC said higher productivity thanks to technological innovation(革新) ought to bring greater benefits for working people.”在布莱顿举行的年度大会之前，英国劳工联合会表示，技术创新带来的生产力提高应该会给劳动人民带来更大的利益。可知，英国劳工联合会认为，机器人和人工智能的使用的结果是应该为工人阶层带来福利。故选C。
12．考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，自第一次工业革命以来，曾有过几次技术进步浪潮。在第一次工业革命期间，效率低下的工作被机器取代，或者需要工作的人数减少了。这些进步并没有导致工作岗位的全部流失，但扰乱了人们的工作类型；以及第五段中的“In 1950, almost one in three workers worked in manufacturing, while one in twelve worked in professional and technical services. By 2016 the proportions(比例) had changed completely”1950年，几乎三分之一的工人在制造业工作，而十二分之一的工人在专业和技术服务行业工作。到2016年，这一比例完全改变了。可推断出技术进步的浪潮对劳动力结构有很大的影响。故选A。
13．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The increase in the state retirement age by seven years, which was controversially(有争议的) brought forward by the Work and Pensions Secretary David Gauke, is expected to affect about 7 million people in their late 30s and early 40s. As well as reversing the proposal on the retirement age, the TUC said workers should be given the right to a midlife career review, while firms should invest more in workplace training.”将法定退休年龄提高7年，这一提议由就业和养老金大臣戴维·高克提出，引起了争议。预计这一举措将影响到大约700万年龄在30岁左右和40岁出头的人。除了撤销关于退休年龄的提案外，英国劳工联合会还表示，应该给予工人在中年时期重新审视职业生涯的权利，而企业应该在工作场所培训方面加大投资。可知，David Gauke提出的延迟退休七年的提案是有争议的，英国劳工联合会认为除了推翻这份提案中有关退休年龄的问题，员工还应该获得中年职业复兴的权利，公司应该在工作场所培训方面投入更多。可推断，David Gauke的提案遭到了英国劳工联合会的强烈反对。故选A。
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Some of today's jobs will not survive, but new jobs will be created. We must make sure that tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's.”今天的一些工作将不复存在，但新的工作将被创造出来。我们必须确保明天的工作不会比今天的差。可知，O'Grady认为，未来的新工作必须确保至少和现在一样好。故选D。
【答案】15．D
16．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，经过多年的研究和试验，混合动力汽车被开发出来并投放市场。在我们今天呼吸的空气质量和保护我们的自然资源方面，这是一个有趣而令人兴奋的新改善。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
15．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gas and an electric car that is battery powered. ”一辆hybrid汽车是由汽油驱动的普通汽车和电池驱动的电动汽车组合而成。可知，由汽油驱动和电池驱动组合的汽车叫hybrid，所以hybrid的意思是“一种新的两种东西的结合”，故选D。
16．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.”环保署制定了国家标准，以帮助控制排放到空气中的有害污染物的水平，汽车工业也采取了行动，生产了一种使用更少汽油、因此造成更少污染的混合动力汽车。可知，EPA对于环保很重要是因为他们制定有助于控制污染的重要规则，以减少环境污染，故选C。
【答案】17．C
18．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国在食物浪费的同时，穷人饥饿难耐的现象，呼吁人们减少食物浪费。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇社会现象类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
17．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It connects investors with entrepreneurs. Lutz sought a $50,000 investment in Hungry Harvest, in exchange for a five percent stake in his company.” 它将投资者和企业家联系起来。 卢茨在Hungry Harvest寻求5万美元的投资，以换取他公司5%的股份。可知，“Shark Tank”活动帮助企业家获得资金支持。故选C。
18．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We box it up into a variety of boxes. And then we deliver them to our customers once a week.We hire people that were living in homeless shelters. They were really looking to get a chance in life.”我们把它分成不同的盒子。 然后我们每周给客户送一次。我们雇佣住在收容所的人。 他们真的在寻找人生的机会。可知，贫困家庭和无家可归的人会受益；以及最后一段中的“Lutz sought a $50,000 investment in Hungry Harvest, in exchange for a five percent stake in his company. ”卢茨寻求在Hunger Harvest投资5万美元，以换取其公司5%的股份。可知，Hungry Harvest公司会受益；全文中没有提到果农，可推知，果农并没有从埃文·卢茨的生意中获益。故选A。
【答案】19．B
20．A
21．D
22．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了佛罗里达一对夫妻在自家前院种植蔬菜，但由于一项禁令颁布后，他们被要求根除院子里的蔬菜，否则将被定期罚款，对于此项禁令夫妻俩表示反对，并且想方设法对其进行反击，最后获得成功的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
19．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Ricketts had her vegetable garden in her front yard because it faced south and her backyard was mostly in the shade.”里基茨在她的前院有一个菜园，因为它朝南，而她的后院大部分是在阴凉处。可知推知她家前院有充足的阳光，这是她把前院做菜园的原因，故选B。
20．考查细节理解。根据第四段“But then a zoning ordinance(条例) was tightened by Miami Shores Village to forbid vegetables in front yards on the ground, saying that they were unpleasant to look at. Village officials told Ricketts to uproot all her vegetables or she would face a $50 daily fine according to the ban.”但随后迈阿密海岸村(Miami Shores Village)收紧了一项分区法令，禁止在前院的地面上种植蔬菜，理由是蔬菜不好看。村长要求里基茨将所有的蔬菜连根拔起，否则她将面临每天50美元的罚款。可知，违法这项法律会被定期罚款。故选A。
21．考查推理判断。根据第五段“And she fought back, joining up with the Institute for Justice, a national law firm, to challenge the ban.”她进行了反击，与一家全国性的律师事务所——司法研究所(Institute for Justice)联手，挑战这一禁令。可知，里基茨对这些禁令发起了反击，对其进行挑战，可推断她对这项禁令的态度是反对的，故选D。
22．考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是佛罗里达一对夫妻在自家前院种植蔬菜，但由于一项禁令颁布后，他们被要求根除院子里的蔬菜，否则将被定期罚款，对于此项禁令夫妻俩表示反对，并且想方设法对其进行反击，根据第六段“It took six years, but they won. The Florida Legislature passed a bill protecting vegetable gardens, and Governor Ron DeSantis signed it. “After nearly six years of fighting... I will once again be able to legally plant vegetables in my front yard,” Ricketts said in a statement. “I’m grateful to the Legislature and the Governor for standing up to protect my freedom to grow healthy food on my own property.”；以及最后一段“‘Gardening is wonderful,’ Ricketts added gladly. ‘I feel victory.... I have no words.’”花了六年时间，但他们赢了。佛罗里达州立法机构通过了一项保护菜园的法案，州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯签署了该法案。“经过近6年的战斗……我将再次能够合法地在我的前院种植蔬菜，”里基茨在一份声明中说。“我感谢立法机构和州长挺身而出，保护我在自己的土地上种植健康食品的自由。”可知，他们获得了胜利，重新获得了在院子种植蔬菜对权利，“一对夫妇赢得了在前院种植蔬菜的权利”适合作为本文的标题，故选D。
【答案】23．C
24．D
25．C
【知识点】细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国国家航空航天局的科学家们表示，他们有了重大发现，一颗巨大的恒星似乎已经从宇宙中消失。这颗恒星是Kinman Dwarf 星系的一部分，天文学家正在探索它消失两种可能性。一种可能是它的部分被尘埃遮挡。另一种可能性是，它进化成一个黑洞。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
23．考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“But since the galaxy is so far away, researchers have not been able to clearly observe its stars. Astronomers had, however, identified important ‘signatures’, or signs, that the massive star existed.Now they are searching for answers to why it is no longer possible to see them.”但由于该星系如此遥远，研究人员一直无法清楚地观察到它的恒星。然而，天文学家已经发现了这颗大质量恒星存在的重要“特征”或迹象。现在，他们正在寻找为什么看不到它们的答案。可知，代词them指代的是上一句出现过的复数名词signatures，科学家们要寻找看不见这些“特征”的答案，故选C。
24．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The team said its observations repeatedly showed evidence that the Kinman Dwarf galaxy contained the massive star, which was estimated to be about 2.5 million times brighter than our sun. Researchers said the evidence suggested that the star was ‘in a late stage of its evolution’.”该团队表示，他们的观测反复证明Kinman Dwarf 星系中有这颗大质量恒星，据估计，它的亮度约为太阳的250万倍。研究人员表示，证据表明这颗恒星“处于进化的晚期”。可知，有证据表明，大质量恒星确实存在于遥远的星系中，故选D。
25．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The astronomers are now exploring two possibilities. The first is that the star might have become less bright and could be partly blocked by dust. The other possibility is that it collapsed into a black hole without producing a super powerful explosion.”天文学家正在探索两种可能性。首先，这颗恒星可能变得不那么明亮，可能部分被尘埃遮挡。另一种可能性是，它进化成一个黑洞，而没有产生超级强大的爆炸。可知，“它进化成了一个黑洞。”可以解释为什么大质量恒星消失了，故选C。
【答案】26．D；27．F；28．B；29．C；30．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能垃圾桶在城市的试用，并有望得到推广，有助于中国的绿色发展转型。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇环保类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
26．根据空前“Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so.”在智能手机上打开一个应用程序，扫描垃圾桶上的条形码。当你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶时，它会显示垃圾的重量和你可以从中得到的分数。可知，上文谈到了扫码扔垃圾的方式，D项中提到的 “Such a way of handling garbage” 与之呼应。 D. Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities. “这种处理垃圾的方式在一些城市已经出现。”符合语境，故选D。
27．根据空后“The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.”环境问题一直是这些城市发展中令人头疼的问题。鼓励垃圾分类已经成为一种有效的方式。可知，下句提到在城市的发展过程中环境问题成为令人头疼的问题。F项指出了中国的环境问题， F. Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities. “每年中国的一些城市造成2亿多吨垃圾”符合语境，故选F。
28．根据空前“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.”在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，设空处前介绍了装有LED屏幕的垃圾桶，设空处后介绍了装有感应器的垃圾桶，此种垃圾桶更加智能。B. Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.“另一种垃圾桶更聪明。”符合语境。故选B。
29．根据空前“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.”在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，空处对它们的出现给予评价。C. It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.“难怪居民们都为它们两种垃圾桶的出现而欢呼”符合语境。故选C。
30．根据空前“Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.”垃圾处理是一个每天涉及到每个人的小问题。然而，这也是一个大问题。可知，上文指出垃圾处理也是个大问题，本句应该进一步解释。E. It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.“它会影响中国向绿色发展转型”指出了具体的问题，故选E。
【答案】31．E；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文化塑造了我们，我们应该多了解我们的文化，作者提出了一些保持文化强大的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇文化类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
31．根据空前“Think of any objects in your house, meals you eat, or gestures you use, and you’ll find evidence of culture. Culture has shaped who you are.”想想你家里的任何物品，你吃的食物，或你使用的手势，你就会发现文化的证据。文化塑造了你。可知，上文提到了文化塑造了我们，可见文化具有重要性，结合后文说明了保持文化强大的方法， E. You should learn more about it and know how you can keep it strong. “你应该更多地了解它，知道如何保持它强大”符合语境，故选E。
32．根据空前“Share your culture's art and techniques. Each culture has its own clothing, music, visual arts, and many more distinguishing characteristics. Other members of your culture will be overjoyed to share or talk about their interests, what they do for fun, and fine works of art they appreciate. This may include traditional artifacts (手 工艺品) you can find in a museum, but material culture goes far beyond that. ”分享你的文化艺术和技术。每一种文化都有自己的服装、音乐、视觉艺术，以及更多不同的特点。你的文化中的其他成员会非常高兴地分享或谈论他们的兴趣，他们的乐趣，以及他们欣赏的艺术作品。这可能包括你可以在博物馆找到的传统文物，但物质文化远不止于此。可知，上文提到物质文化远不止博物馆中的传统物品，可知本句承接上文说明还有哪些物品也是文化艺术品。 D. Even a kitchen spoon or a public building is a cultural artwork. “即使是一个厨房的勺子或者一个公共建筑也是文化艺术品”符合语境，故选D。
33．根据空前“Cook family recipes. It’s never too late to learn some recipes from your grandmother’s cookbook.”烹饪家庭菜谱。从你祖母的食谱上学习一些食谱永远都不晚；以及空后“During the process, you might remember meals from your childhood or festivals. Just reading a recipe can teach you how much ingredients and kitchen tools have changed.”在这个过程中，你可能会想起童年或节日里的食物。仅仅是阅读菜谱就可以让你知道食材和厨房工具发生了多大的变化。可知，上文提到了烹饪祖母的食谱来保持文化强大，后文则提到会想起童年，可知本句承接上文说明原因：嗅觉和味觉与记忆有很强的联系。 C. Smell and taste have a powerful connection to memory. “嗅觉和味觉与记忆有很强的联系”符合语境，故选C。
34．根据空后“Your city or village may have some cultural events, which you should actively participate in. If you don't know of any in your area, some tribes (部落) or ethnic groups in your country almost certainly celebrate major cultural festivals. Travel to these places to get a broader perspective on your culture.”你所在的城市或村庄可能会有一些文化活动，你应该积极参与。如果你不知道在你的地区有任何节日，你国家的一些部落或民族几乎肯定会庆祝重大的文化节日。去这些地方旅行，对你的文化有一个更广阔的视角。可知，本段的主旨是通过参加文化活动或节日来保持文化的强大。 A. Attend major events and festivals. “参加重大活动和节日”符合语境，故选A。
35．根据空前“Speak your local dialect. If you know someone who shares your culture but speaks a native tongue better than you, or in other words, in a more authentic way, ask him or her to teach you. Language is an important part of a culture.”说当地方言。如果你认识的人与你有着相同的文化，但他们的母语比你说得好，或者换句话说，以一种更真实的方式，请他或她教你。语言是文化的重要组成部分。可知，本句承接上文进一步说明“语言是文化的重要组成部分”的观点，且F选项中language对应上文中Language。 F. Many experts argue that language shapes our whole view about the world. “许多专家认为语言塑造了我们对世界的整个看法”符合语境，故选F。
【答案】36．C；37．B；38．A；39．D；40．C；41．A；42．D；43．B；44．C；45．B；46．A；47．C；48．B；49．D；50．A；51．D；52．B；53．C；54．D；55．A
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在室友的鼓励下练习冥想来减少压力和忧虑的经历。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
36．句意：我的工作时间很长，我的同事经常告诉我，我看起来很紧张，我经常在脑海里思考对话，希望我说一些不同寻常的话，想知道别人对我的看法。A. strangers“ 陌生人”；B. coaches“教练”； C. colleagues “同事”；D. interviewers“面试者，采访者”。根据空前“My job required long hours”，可推断是我的同事们告诉我“我看起来很紧张”这件事。故选C。
37．句意：我的工作时间很长，我的同事经常告诉我，我看起来很紧张，我经常在脑海里思考对话，希望我说一些不同寻常的话，想知道别人对我的看法。A. improved “改善的”；B. stressed “紧张的，有压力的”；C. affected“ 受到影响的”；D. confused“困惑的”。根据空前“My job required long hours”以及空后“and wondering what others thought of me.”可推知，作者总是看起来很紧张，故选B。
38．句意：我的工作时间很长，我的同事经常告诉我，我看起来很紧张，我经常在脑海里思考对话，希望我说一些不同寻常的话，想知道别人对我的看法。A. unusual“不寻常的”； B. similar “相似的”；C. familiar “熟悉的”；D. lucky“幸运的”。根据上文“Five years ago, I was 30, living in London and working in advertising. ”五年前，我30岁，住在伦敦，从事广告业。可知，作者从事广告职业，所以应是想要说出一些与众不同的想法，故选A。
39．句意：一个完全陌生的人激励我做出改变。A. satisfied“满意”； B. required “要求”；C. acquired“习得”；D. inspired“激励”。根据空后“to change”以及下文提到这位澳大利亚客人对作者提出建议帮助他变得平静下来可知，是一位陌生人激励作者改变，故选D。
40．句意：一位来自澳大利亚的客人来和我的室友在一起住。A. Japan“日本”； B. China “中国”；C. Australia“澳大利亚”； D. India“印度”。根据下文“I started thinking about our Australian guest and her meditation. ”我开始想到我们的澳大利亚客人和她的沉思。可知，她来自澳大利亚，故选C。
41．句意：她有一种惊人的镇定下来的能量。A. amazingly“令人惊讶地”；B. importantly “重要地”；C. punctually“ 准时地”；D. obviously“明显地”。根据下文“and she told me that she practiced Vedic Meditation(冥想), a silent transcendental(超凡的) meditation”可知，她有一种惊人的镇定下来的能量，故选A。
42．句意：我问她的秘诀是什么，她告诉我她练习了吠陀冥想，这是一种根植于阿育吠陀传统的无声的超验冥想，在这种冥想中，你要在心里反复念诵祷语。A. worship“敬奉，崇拜”； B. message“信息”；C. experience“经验，经历”； D. secret“秘诀”。根据空前“and she told me that she practiced Vedic Meditation(冥想)”，可知，我应是询问她能够做到很平静的秘诀是什么，故选D。
43．句意：我问她的秘诀是什么，她告诉我她练习了吠陀冥想，这是一种根植于阿育吠陀传统的无声的超验冥想，在这种冥想中，你要在心里反复念诵祷语。A. buried“埋葬”； B. rooted “生根”；C. engaged “参与”；D. resulted“引起……结果”。根据空后“ you repeat a mantra (祷语) in your mind ”你要在心里反复念诵祷语，可知，这种冥想的方法根植于“阿育吠陀传统的无声超验冥想”，故选B。
44．句意：几个月后，生活变得更加艰难，我开始想到我们的澳大利亚客人和她的冥想。A. longer“更长的”；B. slower“ 更慢的”；C. tougher “更艰苦的”；D. brighter“更明亮的”。根据上文可知，作者原本就感到很紧张，焦虑，结合此时他又想起室友的冥想可知，作者的生活变得更艰难了，故选C。
45．句意：碰巧，她给我发了个信息，问我有没有试过。A. On the contrary “相反”；B. By coincidence“碰巧”；C. In conclusion“总之”； D. Above all“首先”。根据上文作者想起了室友的冥想方法，本句提到她也此时发信息来询问，所以是“碰巧”，故选B。
46．句意：她推荐了一位当地的老师，我报名参加了一个周末课程。A. recommended “推荐”；B. decorated“装饰”；C. undertook“承担，从事”；D. rented“租赁”。根据空后“ a local teacher ”当地老师；以及“我报了课程”可知，她向我推荐了一位老师。故选A。
47．句意：她推荐了一位当地的老师，我报名参加了一个周末课程。A. experiment “试验”；B. challenge“挑战”； C. course “课程”