2022年英语中考语法专项+冠词导学案

中考语法专项 冠词
Part1 知识点回顾
冠词是英语中最常见的一种限定词，它在句子中不能充当任何句子成分，所以也不能单独使用，只能用在名词前面，说明所指的人或物。冠词共有两种：不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a和an，定冠词有the。在实际使用中，还有一种叫零冠词的，即在名词的前面不用任何冠词。
［焦点一］不定冠词
1. 用法
l）表示数量有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强。
There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A. an B. a C. the D. ×
2）表示某个人或事物，但不具体说明何人或何物,表示泛指。
3)表示人或事物的某一类。如：Pass me an apple, please．
4）表示“每一”的意思，相当于every . Mr. Green goes to the cinema once a week．
5）表示某一个，相当于a certain. A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.
2.a/an 选择，看音素，不看音标
不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面
a UFO/ a university/ a useful book / a European country 一个欧洲国家
an用在以元音音素开头的单词前面 an honest boy / an unusual experience
3. 用于某些固定词组中。
half an hour 半个小时as a result 因此 for a while 一会儿 for a moment 一会儿
have a nice trip 旅途愉快 in a hurry 匆忙地 live a happy life 过着幸福生活
［焦点二］定冠词主要和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下：
l）特指某人或某物。________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school. A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the
2）指双方都知道的人或事物。如：Where are the new books，Jim？
3）指上文提到过的人或物。
There is an old woman standing there. The old woman looked worried.
4）用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。如：the sun, the sky, the earth, the world
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：The third one is carrying the fewest of all.
6）用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。如：the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea, the Taiwan Island
7)用在某些建筑物名词前。如：the White House, the Great Hall of the People
8)用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。如：the Greens, the Blacks
9）用在乐器名词前。如：play the piano/ the violin
10）用在少数名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物。如：the old, the poor, the blind
11）用在表示方向位置的名词前。如：in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.
12）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the People’s Republic of China
13）用在某些习惯用语中
look the same 看起来一样in the sun 在阳光下on the right 在右边by the way 顺便说一下
all the time 始终in the middle of 在中间on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然
at the same time 同时in the end 终于
on the one hand……on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
定冠词口诀：
定冠词用法有规律，防止遗志很容易。特指双方都熟悉，　上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一，　序数词和最高级。山河海岛建筑物，　姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类，　方位名词须牢记。普构专有惯用词，　试用此诀有效率。
［焦点三］不用冠词的几种情况：零冠词的基本用法
1) 当名词前已经有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时，不加冠词 The letter is in her bag.
2)专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。如：China，water，music等
3）球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。
4)复数名词表示泛指。如：They are workers
5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。如:on Monday; Children’s Day．
6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。Learn English.
7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中。
at noon 在正午 at midnight 在午夜 on time　准时 in time　按时
at work　在工作 on show 在展出 in trouble 　处于困境 at first　起初
in fact 事实上 on holiday在度假 on duty　　值日 at times　　有时候
after class　　课后 at night　　在夜间 with pleasure 乐意地
口诀：
专有名词不可数，球类学科与三餐；复数名词表泛指，节日月份星期前；
颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
※注意：有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。
1)at table 在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁
2)in class 在上课 in the class在班级中
3)in front of在…的前面（外部） in the front of在…的前面（内部）
4) in hospital 因病住院 in the hospital 在医院里（不一定生病）
Part2 真题练习
1.(2021福建中考）— Yuan Longping was __________ great scientist.
— So he was. He made great contributions to human beings.
a B. an C. the
【答案】A
2.(2021 江苏连云港中考）
—Shall we play ________ basketball this afternoon
—Good idea! Do you have ________ basketball
A. the; a B. a; a C. /; / D. /; a
【答案】D
3. (2021 广西河池中考）Becky often plays ________ violin for an hour every day.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
4. (2021 贵州安顺中考）—Jerry, can you play tennis
—Yes, I can. It’s ________ easy ball game.
A. a B. an C. the
【答案】B
5. (2021 黑龙江牡丹江中考）I would like to be ________ scientist in the future. They are so great.
A. a B. an C. the
【答案】A
6. (2021 湖北十堰中考）—Is Eric married
—Yes, and he has _________ 8-year-old daughter.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
7.(2021甘肃天水中考）Jim started to play ________ violin when he was five.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
8. (2021 江苏南通中考）My family have ________ breakfast together every day. This helps us start a day well.
A. 不填 B. a C. an D. the
【答案】A
9. (2021 江苏宿迁中考）Kitty sometimes eats ________ orange or some grapes after lunch.
A. an B. a C. the D. /
【答案】A
10. (2021 江苏盐城中考）As an old saying goes, “He who has never been to ________ Great Wall is not a true man.”
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
11. (2021 江苏扬州中考）As ________ teacher, it’s important to be ________ good role model for their students.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the
【答案】C
12. (2021 辽宁盘锦中考）Locus usually has ________ egg and some milk for breakfast.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
13. (2021 辽宁营口中考）He is going to buy ________ useful book. And ________ book is on science.
A. a；an B. a；the C. an；an D. an；the
【答案】B
14.(2021 辽宁朝阳中考）---What do you think of ________ trip to Fenghuang Mountain？
---Wonderful!We all had ________ good time.
A．the；a B．a；the C．a；a D．the；the
【答案】A
15. (2021 青海西宁中考）I have a pen friend. She is ________ Australian girl.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
16. (2021 山东菏泽中考）—What’s the most important tradition in Chinese family
—I think it’s to respect ________ old and love ________ young.
A. an; the B. an; a C. the; the
【答案】C
17. (2021 山东临沂中考）Everyone knows now that plastic pollution is ________ huge problem for the environment.
A. a B. an C. /
【答案】A
18. (2021 四川成都中考）Everyone needs to know ________ importance of rubbish sorting（分类）.
A. an B. 不填 C. the
【答案】C
19. (2021 四川达州中考）China is ________ Asian country, while France is ________ European country.
A. an; a B. a; an C. an; an D. a; a
【答案】A
20. (2021 天津中考）This is ________ story of friendship. Let’s read ________ story together.
A. a; an B. an; the C. an; a D. a; the
【答案】D