中考专项复习--定语从句

课件71张PPT。The attributive clause
——定语从句
要了解定语从句，我们先得明白定语是啥，如果我给介绍一个人或者描述一样东西，以介绍一个人为例，如果我说是个女孩，那么你头脑中的对我介绍的人印象清晰么，应该就一女孩轮廓，但如果我说一个漂亮的，穿着红色衣服的，站在站台上的，那么你对这个人印象是不是逐渐清晰了，这里漂亮的，红色的，站在站台上的便是定语。
我们看看例子先
a pretty girl/ a girl in red /a girl standing in the plat form
a girl who is standing in the platform is lucky
上例中打彩色部分便都是定语，定语通常是修饰名词，如果定语是一个词并且能完整表达一个意思，定语便放在被修饰词前面，否则就放后面，请观察pretty是一个词，便是放前面的，这是你也许会说，a pretty little girl，pretty 和little不是两个词，怎么就放被修饰词前面了呢，一定要注意，pretty和little都是一个并且是各自能表达完整意思。
上例中彩色部分都是定语，定语可以是一个形容词（pretty），可以是介词短语（in red），也可以是分词短语（standing in the platform），也可以是一个句子（who is standing in the platform），而当定语从句是一个句子时，这个句子呢，就是定语从句。由于定语从句是一个句子，毫无疑问，必定不可能是一个词，所以都是放在被修饰词的后面，我们还给这个被修饰的词起了个名字，先行词，因为修饰她的句子还在后面，她先出现的。
然后我们在说说这定语从句，在英语中呢有个规定就是一个句子中有且只能有一个谓语，就好比我们人呢只能有一个心脏。（事物是普遍联系的 ），那我们人啥时候可能会有两个心脏呢？。。。。。对了，有宝宝的时候，男同胞貌似目前不可能哈，那么句子有个子句的时候便可以有两个谓语了，这时候我们便需要一个东西来标志其子句特征，人类呢是以大肚子，从句便以她的关系代词。我们例子中的who便是关系代词，这个关系我们也可以理解成人类的脐带，将子句和母句联系到一起。所以这关系代词也是紧挨着先行词的。
所以偶们先要搞清楚啥是定语从句，啥是先行词，啥是关系代词。咱再琢磨这定语从句如何用。
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Explanation to Attributive clause 定语从句: 是指在复合句中, 修饰名词或
代词的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代
词叫做 “先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫
“关系词”。 引导定语从句的关系词指代人
指代事物
所属关系

指地点
指时间
指原因 who, whom, that
which, that
whose, of which, of whom
where
when
why关系代词关系副词关系代词引导的定语从句
1.The woman who is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
2. The boy whom we met in the street yesterday is my classmate.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.
The knife which we used to cut the bread is very sharp.
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.
I have got into the same trouble as he has.
关系副词引导的定语从句
I still remember the day when she first wore that pink dress.
The building where we lived 20 years ago has been pulled down.
Do you know the reason why she got so angry yesterday?关系代词，关系副词的选用
1，取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后不用宾语，用关系副词。而及物动词要跟宾语，则用关系代词。
I'll never forget the days when we worked together.
I'll never forget the days which/that I spent with you.
This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.
2.判断关系词在定语从句中的成分
关系词必须在定语从句中作成分，因此“缺什么成分就填什么成分”。关系词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语或定语，选择关系代词。
关系词在句中作状语，选关系副词。
This museum is the one that you visited a few days ago.
This is the museum where the exhibition was held.
Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词case(情况),situation(情形),position(位置),stage(阶段),point(地步)等。
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
The farm on which my cousin once worked has taken on a new look.
The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
The man to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher.
Because of the traffic jam in which I was caught ,I was late for the meeting.
The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Water is a thing without which fish can not swim.wherewhyWhose door/of which the door关系副词与“介词+关系代词”的转换
通常情况下，when=in/on /during which
where=in/at/on which
why=for which
Eg:
1. what's the year when/in which China first launched her man-made satellite?
2. It is the very place where/at which I met you last time.
3. He would never tell me the reason why/for which they broke up.
1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is a machine _____________can fly.that /whichJoin the following sentences:2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
________ we saw yesterday is Mary.The girl 3. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
______________________we saw yesterday is Mary.
The girl that/whom1. Nothing ____ can be done hasn’t been done.
2. Do you have anything ____ you don’t understand?thatthat1. that与which先行词是 everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词, 引导定语从句用that。3. This is the best TV ___ is made in China.
4. The first museum ___ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时, 引导定语从句用that。5. I’ve read all the books ____ you lent me.that先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little,
every, all, very, only, last 修饰时,引导定语
从句用that。
6. The famous writer and his works ___ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
7. A victim is a person, animal or thing ___ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.thatthat先行词中既有人又有事物时, 引导定语从句用that。8. Who ____ you have ever seen can do it better?thatWho 做先行词时, 引导定语从句用that。
9. Her bag, in _____ she put all her money, has been stolen.
10. This is the ring on _____ she spent 1000 dollars.
11. Xiao Wang, with _____ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.whichwhichwhom在介词后面, 指事物用which, 指人用whom。whose 引导的定语从句表示所属关系1. The river _____ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whose2. whose的用法2. There are 20 students, ____ are different in this class.
A. whose backgrounds
B. The backgrounds of whom
C. of whom the backgrounds
D. the backgrounds of whose1. The earth is round, __ we all know.
___ is known to all, the earth is round.
__ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsIt3. as 的用法定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的。2. This is the same book as I lost.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
3. This is such an interesting book __ we all like.
This is so interesting a book __ we all like.
以上两句为定语从句。意为：这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。asas4. This is such an interesting book ____ we all like it.
This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.thatthat这两句话是结果状语从句。意为这本书
如此有趣, 大家都喜欢。5. It is very useful to master a foreign language, _____ has been said before.which6. __ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize. Asas引导定语从句可放在句首、句中、句末, 而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首。as译为正如, 好像。which 则没有此义。I’ll never forget the day _____ we first met in the park.
I’ll never forget the time __________ I spent with you.
(3) I’ll never forget the time _________ was spent with you.
(4) This is the museum ____________ I visited last year.when(whichthat)whichthat(whichthat)4. when, where, why与that, which的区别指时间, 地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 用which或that引导定语从句。This is the reason ____ (= for which) I didn’t come here.
The reason _________ she gave was not true.whywhich/thatHe is the only one in his class who ___ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
He is one of the students in his class who ____ (have) got the teacher’s praise. hashave5. 定语从句中的谓语动词关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词。1.This is the car _________ I bought last year.
2.This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
3.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
4.This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
5.This is the car _________ which I can’t go to work.
foronbywithoutComplete the following sentences Which/不填byataboutof6. This is the car ____which the old man was
knocked down
7. This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone.
8. This is the car _________which we talked.
9. This is the car ____which the window was
broken.
10.This is the book ___ which you asked.
The old man whom I am looking after is better.
for注意: 动词短语不能拆开即介词不提前4. (10, 福建卷24). Stephen Hawking believes that
the earth is unlikely to be the only planets ____
life has developed gradually.
that B. where C. which D. whose
5. (10, 湖南卷28) I’ve become good friends with
several of the students in my school _______ I
meet in the English speech contest last year.
whom B. where C. when D. which
6. (10, 江苏卷32). The newly built café, the walls
of _______ are painted light green, is really a
peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which BAD12. (10, 重庆卷28). In China, the number of
cities ______ increasing development is
recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
13. (10, 浙江卷3). The settlement is home to
nearly 1,000 people, many of __ left their village
homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. thoseCA14. (10, 上海卷38). Wind power is an ancient
source of energy _______ we may return in the near future.
on which B. by which
C. to which D. from which
15. (09全国1) She brought with her three friends, none of ____ I had ever met before.
A. them?????B. who?????????? C. whom???????? D. these
CC16. (09全国2) My friend showed me round the
town, ______ was vey kind of him.
A. which???????? B. that????????? C. where?????D. it
17. (09, 北京)-----What do you think of teaching,
Bob?
-----I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ____
you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where????? B. which??????C. when???D. that AAThe non-defining attributive clause
------- 非限定性定语从句 A. The old man that you met at the school gate
is a professor.
B. The old man is a professor, who is over 80 years
old.
A. The temple which we visited last week dates
from the Song Dynasty.
B. The temple, which is a place of interest in our
hometown, dates from Song dynasty.
1. 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
例如：　　　
This is the house which we bought last month.　　　
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very
nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
（非限制性）
I have a sister who is a doctor.
I have a sister, who is a doctor.
2. 非限制性定语从句可以将整个主句作为先
行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三
人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which
greatly upsets me.
他似乎没明白我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called
evaporation. [?﹑v?p?‵re???n]
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

3. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who，whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省略。
As we all know, bad people will be punished sooner or later.
My house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden.
As we all knowwhich I bought last year,I would like to elect him, who I think is the best to be our monitor.
Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the telephone last night, is very interested in our plan.
Mary ,whose house we are going to rent, is a middle-aged woman.
He moved to Germany in the late 1990s,when he was in his sixties.
Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher.
who I think is the best to be our monitor.
whom I spoke to on the telephone last night,whose house we are going to rent,when he was in his sixties.
where I met my teacher.
4. as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。有“正如、像”等意思。
定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主、被动语态句。
as has been said above如上所述
as anybody can see 正如人人看到的那样
Things are not always (things) as they appear.
事情并不总像外表看到的那样。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels
round the earth once every month．
众所周知，月球每个月绕地球一圈。

It is known to everybody that the moon travels….
What is known to everybody is that the moon travels…
Mike, as we expected, attended the meeting．
像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。
He wasn’t unconscious, as could be judged
from his eyes．
他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。
4. which引导非限制性定语从句的情况:
指代主句的全部或部分内容时，有“这就使得、
这一点”等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句
用逗号分开。
A. She was always speaking highly of her role in
the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy．
B. I forgot his telephone number, which failed me
to get in touch with him.
C . He has been to Paris several times,
which I don‘t believe.5. as，which有时可以通用。
He is quite pleased, as/which can be seen from
his face．
他非常高兴，从他的表情可以看出来。
但是，上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时，
就只能用as。
As anybody can see, the earth is round.
像任何人都能看见那样，地球是圆的。
定语从句的省略。
English attributive clauses can be reduced to
various phrases such as participle phrases,
adjective phrases, noun phrases, prepositional
phrases and infinitive phrases.有些定语从句可
以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短
语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短
语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语现象为
定语从句的省略。1. 省略为分词短语：有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词
（who, which, that）和部分谓语（am, is, are,
Were）等，从而使之缩略为现在分词短语或过
去分词短语作后置定语。例如：（1）I know the men (who are ) sitting in that car.
（2）The boys helped the people (that were ) hurt
in the accident.?
2.定语从句可简化为“介词+which+不定式”
Della has only 1.87 dollars with which she can buy a present for her husband.
=Della has only 1.87 dollars with which to buy a present for her husband.
Without facts, we can't form a good opinion, for we need knowledge upon/on which we base our thinking .
= Without facts, we can't form a good opinion, for we need knowledge upon which to base our thinking.
3. 可简化为形容词短语或介词短语.
The boy who is in red is my son.
=The boy in red is my son.
The heavy box which is full of old books is mine.
=The heavy box full of old books is mine. The second book ___I want to read is the
Water Margin by Shi Naian.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
2. Carol said the work would be done by
October, ____ personally I doubt very
much.
A. it B. that C. when D. whichExercisesBD3. Don’t talk about such things ____ you are not sure of.
A. those B. that C. what D. as
4. I will never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effort on my life.
A. that; which B. when; whichC. which; that D. when; whoDB5. Don’t talk about such things of _____ you are not sure.
A. which B. what C. as D. those
6. Is this the factory ______ you visited the other day?
that B. where C. in which D. the one
7. The wolves hid themselves in the places _____
couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
8. The freezing point is the temperature ______water
changes into ice.
A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what
9. Is this factory _____ some foreign friends visited
last Friday?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one CAA AD10. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten
years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
11. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate
the machine.
A. because B. why C. that D. whether
12. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.
all which B. that C. all that D. which
13. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare,
is very old.
A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which
14. I have bought the same dress __________ she is
wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
BCCAA15. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
16. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.
A. who is singing B. is singing
C. sang D. was singing
17. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 18. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against
C. who is against D. who are against
DADC19. Didn’t you see the man __________?
A. I nodded just now
B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now
D. I nodded to just now
20. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you talked
B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with
D. you talked about
21. Is there anything __________ to you?
A. that is belonged
B. that belongs
C. that belong
D. which belongs DDB22. ---- “How do you like the book?”
---- “It’s quite different from ___ I read last
month.”
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
23. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them.
A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
24. The train ______ she was traveling was late.
which B. where C. on which D. in that
25. He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.
A. where B. in which
C. under which D. which CACB26. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
27. It’s the third time __________ late this month.
A. that you arrived
B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived
D. when you’ve arrived
28. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. which C. when D. in which
DCA29. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.
A. which
B. when
C. on which
D. about which
30. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. where AD31. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at
B. where we stayed at
C. we stayed
D. in that we stayed
32. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced?
A. in which
B. where
C. which
D. that AD33. (10, 四川卷10). After graduating from
college, I took some time off to go travelling,
____ turned out to be a wise decision.
that B. which C. when D. where
34. (10, 天津卷8). —Can you believe I had to
pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s
only 15.
as B. which C. where D. that BC35 (10, 全国I 24). As a child, Jack studied in a
village school, ___ is named after his grandfather.
which B. Where C. What D. that
36. (10,全国II 16). I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else’s fault.
who B. that C. as D. what
37. (10, 北京卷27). Children who are not active
or_____ diet is high in fat will gain weight
quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that ABB38. (10, 江西卷31) The girl arranged to have
piano lessons at the training centre with her
sister_____ she would stay for an hour.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
39. (10, 山东卷24). That’s the new machine
______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
40. (10, 陕西卷11). The old temple _______ roof
was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which C. its D. whose AC D改错1.This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
2.Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
3.I shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week.
4. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.
5. He paid the boy 10 Yuan for washing ten windows, most of them hadn't been cleaned
for at least a year.
6. The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.—that—As——when去掉—which—on which/when7. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.
8. They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.
9.My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
10.He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned.
11.I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.
12. The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday.
13. It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at that time.——are—thatwithout—whom—as—that—whose14.I ,who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.
15 ---How do you like the book?
__It’s quite different from the one what I read last week.
16. Is oxygen the only gas which helps fire burn?
17. I’ll tell you all what he told me last week.
18. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person from whom she could turn for help.
19. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town which he grew up as a child.towhere——that—am—thatthat——20.I shall never forget those years which I lived in the country with the farmers.
21. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase ,the price of whose was very reasonable.
22. Which has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
23. He lived in London for 3 months, during that time he learned some English.
24.I don’t like the way which you speak to her.
25. I met John, and who told me the news.
26. I never forget the days when we spent together.—in whichAs—which——when—which—Which
/that—去掉27. The eggs you bought them are bad.
28. Who is the man who is working there?
29. My aunt left Beijing, where is the capital of China.
30. That is all what I know.
31. Is this factory the one we visited it last week?
32. Is this the factory we visited it last week?
33. The fisherman whom I think is poor in fact is very rich.
34. The people, most of them are experts , will be invited to the party.——who—————去掉thatwhichthat去掉去掉___whom35. I have never heard such stories which he tells.
36. please tell me the way when you did the job.
37. This is the school on which I study.
38. I need a pen which I will write.
39. English is the only one of my subjects that are not passed. 40. They talked of the schools and teachers
who they visited.—that—iswhichas———with whichin—