2022年中考语法专项介词课件(共47张PPT)

(共47张PPT)
中考语法专项
介词
介词总述
介词的作用：
如果没有介词，一个句子只是名词、动词、形容词、副词等的堆积。
That picture hangs on the wall of my bedroom in the upstairs of my house.
去掉介词后
That picture hangs the wall my bedroom the upstairs my house.
授课重点
表示地点方位的介词
表示时间的介词
表示方法、手段的介词
常用介词搭配
中考真题实操
方位介词
表示方位的介词
8
The man is in front of the bus.
9
The driver is in the front of the bus.
on the box
under the box
in the box
-Where’s the soccer ball
-It’s ____ the box.
-Where’s the soccer ball
-It’s _____ the box.
near
-Where’s the soccer ball
-It’s ________ the box.
next to
-Where’s the soccer ball
-It’s __________ the box.
in front of
-Where’s the soccer ball
-It’s _________ the box.
behind
在......前面
-Where is the soccer ball
-It’s ___________ the box.
across from
14
The brown box is opposite the orange one.
-Where is the soccer ball
-It’s _________________________________.
between the big box and the small box
16
The brown box is
next to/beside
the orange box.
17
Floor 5 is above Floor 4.
Floor4 is below Floor 5.
易混介词
1. along, across, through
He likes to drive along the river.
Don't run across the road.
Go through bridge, please.
总结：　　
(1) along 沿着
(2) across横穿（表面）
(3) through穿过（立体空间）
　　
The policeman is helping the old man go
_________ the street.
across
从物体表面穿过
through the forest
指从物体空间内穿过.
over 指在垂直的上面，不接触表面或表示越过...（jump over)
on 在…之上（接触物体表面）
above 在…上方
（不接触物体，一般是斜上方）
Put away the books on the desk.
Mom put a rug over me when I was asleep.
There is a bridge over the river.
The sun rose above the horizon.
2. over/on/ above
The boy is ______________ (在树上)
in the tree
on the tree
There is a red apple____________ .
树上长出来的东西 ,用 on
不属于树本身的东西,用 in
3.
in
和
on
The boy is sitting ________the two girls.
Miss Li is standing
_______ the students.
between 和 among
between
among
在两者之间
在三者或者三者以上之间
表示时间的介词
in 年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）
on 具体某一天，星期、节日
at 具体的钟点、（一段时间）的起点
in 2021 / in December/ in winter
in two minutes
on Saturday / on Christmas Eve
on the morning of Monday (具体的某一天的早上)
at 7 o’clock
at the beginning of 在...开始时
in/on/at 区分
for/since 区分
for+段时间，表示某个动作持续多长时间
I have lived here for twenty years.
since+点时间/...ago/+一般过去时句子，表示某
个动作是何时开始的。
I have lived here since 2020.
I have lived here since 2 years ago.
He has lived here since he was born.
by + 时间点，表示“到……以前为止”
You have to finish your homework by 11 o’clock .
by/until 区分
until ① 用于肯定句中表示“直到……为止”
(主句谓语必须为延续性动词）
②用于否定句(not...until)
表示“直到……才”
I did not watch TV until my mother came home.
表示地点方位的介词
表示地点方位的介词
in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）
to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）
on：与某一地区接壤的地方
Fujian is in the southeast of China.
Japan is to the east of China.
Russia is on the north of China.
表示地点方位的介词
in + 大地点
at + 小地点
in a country in a town
in the street in a desert
at home at school
at the bus-stop at the crossroads
表示地点方位的介词
in front of: 在……之前（范围之外）
in the front of: 在……的前部（范围之内）
Tom stands in front of the classroom.
Tom stands in the front of the classroom.
in front of 和 in the front of
The man is _________
the car.
in front of
The man is ___________
the car.
in the front of
在……(外部的)前面
在……(内部的)前面
表示方法、手段的介词
in 用法
①使用某种语言
用汉语: in Chinese
You can solve this problem in this way.
in this way
用这种方式
in different ways
用不同的方式
② 用……的方式
My sister is in red.
The woman in a yellow dress is my mother.
③in +服装,颜色 表示穿某种颜色的衣服
用日语: in Japanese
3. With the money, they built some schools
in the poor area.
_______________________
with 用法
1.We see with our eyes and hear with our
ears.
_____________________________
① 使用人体器官做某事
2.Chinese usually eat with chopsticks .
________________________
②使用某一工具
③使用(利用)某材料(金钱等)
by 的用法
We go to school by bike/bus/car/ ship/plane…
___________________________________
by常接 ,表示交通方式.
I talk with my friends by sending e-mail.
___________________________
by+doing 表示通过某种手段或方式
注意：on/in +冠词+交通工具
by bus=
on a/the bus
by bike =
on a/ the/ one’s bike
by plane=
on/in a /the plane
by car =
in a /the /one’s car
交通工具
固定搭配
at the same time 同时
at midnight 在午夜
by the way 顺便说一下
by the door 在门口
by the time 到…时候
by mistake 错误地
in order 整整齐齐
in order to 以便
in turn 轮流
in the daytime
在白天
in future
从今以后
in the future
将来
in fact
事实上
on show/on display
展出；陈列
on duty
值日
on sale
出售
on board
在船（飞机）上
with pleasure 很乐意
with one’s help 在…的帮助下
on the one hand… 一方面…另一方面on the other hand
on the telephone 在接/打电话be excited about 对…感到兴奋
be popular with 受…欢迎
be pleased with 对…感到满意
=be satisfied with
be proud of 对…感到骄傲
=take pride in
call at +地点 探访某地
call on + 人 拜访某人
send for 派人去叫
point at 指着
die of 死于（内因）
die from 死于（外因）
run across 碰到
hear from 收到…来信
hear of 听说
at the age of 在…岁时
at the beginning of 在…开始
at the foot of 在…脚下
on the top of 在…顶端
真题练习
（2021 安徽中考）Our country has made great progress in the fight ________ blue skies and clear waters.
A. in B. for C. against D. between
【答案】B
真题练习
（2021甘肃天水中考）We left ________ such a hurry that we forgot our tickets.
A. on B. for C. to D. in
【答案】D
真题练习
（2021黑龙江牡丹江中考）You should learn to relax and not to put so much pressure on yourself. The underlined phrase means “________”
A. feel good about
B. be too hard on
C. be sure about
【答案】B
真题练习
（2021湖北随州中考）— I could tell ________ the look on her face that something exciting had happened.
— Exactly!
A. on B. with C. by D. at
【答案】C