(共34张PPT)
句子成分
导 入
英语的基本构成:音节→单词→词组→句子→段落
中文的基本构成:字→词→句→段落
导 入
英语:词形变化,强调时间,句子结构严谨,开门见山
中文:短句简单句,结构松散,语序达意,喜铺垫
简单句
并列句
复合句
句子分类(按结构)
基本成分:
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语、插入语
关键成分:
主、动、宾、补、状
句子的成分
主语 (Subject)
1.定义
句子的主体
2.构成元素
代词、名词、短语、从句
主语(Subject)
He is the most studious in the class.
他是班里最用功的学生。
Shakespeare lived in the 16th and early 17th century.
莎士比亚生活在十六世纪到十七世纪早期。
Paintings are my favorite.
我最喜欢画作。
主语(Subject)
Smoking cigarettes causes trouble in the lungs.
吸烟会对肺部造成损伤。
Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。
谓语 (Verb)
1.定义
主语的动作、状态、特征
2.构成元素
动词
谓语 (Verb)
He is the most studious in the class.
他是班里最用功的学生。
Shakespeare lived in the 16th and early 17th century.
莎士比亚生活在十六世纪到十七世纪早期。
Paintings are my favorite.
我最喜欢画作。
谓语 (Verb)
Smoking cigarettes causes trouble in the lungs.
吸烟会对肺部造成损伤。
Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。
宾语 (Object)
1.定义
动作的对象
2.构成元素
代词(宾格)、名词、短语、从句
宾语 (Object)
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。
We can find many sports facilities on the playground of this primary school.
我们发现这所小学的操场上放着很多运动设施。
宾语 (Object)
He met a girl in red dress this morning.
他今早遇到了一个穿红裙子的女孩。
He can’t stop thinking about who that girl is.
他总是在想那个女孩是谁。
表语 (Predicative)
1.定义
表明主语的性质、特征、身份
2.构成元素
形容词、名词、短语、从句
3.必须与系动词搭配
表语 (Predicative)
The new treatment is excellent.
新的治疗非常有效。
Mr. Jacob was Tony’s former employer.
杰先生是托尼的前任雇主。
The answer is what you had in mind.
答案就是你想到的那样。
定语
1.定义
修饰名词
2.构成元素
形容词、名词、短语、从句
定语
I prefer gold ring to diamond ring.
比起钻戒我更喜欢金戒指。
If the little boy had been given the best medical care, he would not have died.
如果这个小男孩得到了最好的医疗,他或许不会死。
定语
In the end, we found the actual cost of this program was much higher than the original estimate.
最后,我们发现项目的实际花费远高于最初的预算。
定语
Nowadays more and more students seem reluctant to help their classmates who have difficulties in studies.
现在,越来越多的学生不情愿帮助学习有困难的同学。
状语 (Adverbial)
1.定义
修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子
2.构成元素
单词、短语、从句
词的状语,句子的状语
状语(Adverbial)
I hope I can speak English fluently.
我希望我能流利地说英语。
A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday, only to find it had been broken into.
我朋友休假结束回家,发现他家被人破门而入了。
状语(Adverbial)
When something terrible happens to our friends, we often can’t respond properly.
当我们的朋友遇到不幸的时候,我们常常没有办法恰到好处地回应。
补语 (Complement)
1.定义
补充说明主语、宾语,缺失后语义不完整
2.分类
主语补足语、宾语补足语
补语 (Complement)
1)主语补足语
主语前、谓语后
表语通常=主语补语
补语 (Complement)
I feel nervous. 我感到很紧张。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困地去睡觉了。
被动语态时,主语补语不是表语。
He was caught alive. 他被活捉了。
补语 (Complement)
2)宾语补足语
宾语后
He made her laugh. 她被他逗笑了。
My mother will not allow me to marry her.
我母亲不让我和她结婚。
I found the cinema empty.
我发现电影院空无一人。
同位语
两个句子成分,语法地位相同,描述对象一致,起解释说明作用的那个为同位语。
Beijing, the capital of China, is a beautiful city.
北京,中国的首都,是个美丽的城市。
Susan, my best friend, will come to visit me in the coming holiday.
假期我的好朋友苏珊要来看我。
插入语
不是句子的成分,去掉后句子结构完整。
My best friend - the one who lives in New Zealand - is coming over next winter.
我最好的朋友——在新西兰住的那个——明年冬天过来。
These supplements, as you know, are good for health.
这些保健品,就像你知道的那样,有益于健康。
常见的词组或句子作插入语
Most important of all, we must learn all the skills.
最重要的是,我们必须掌握所有的技巧。
Strange to say, I believe we have met before.
说来奇怪,我确信我们见过。
常见的词组或句子作插入语
Two passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim.
两个乘客跌入大海,不幸的是,他们都不会游泳。
Frankly/Honestly, I don’t think he loves you that much.
坦率地说,我不觉得他那么爱你。
常见的词组或句子作插入语
In a way, I think we both won in the game.
从某种意义上来说,我认为在这场比赛中我们都赢了。
to her regret 令她遗憾的是
above all/first of all 首先
in conclusion/in a word 总之
as a rule 通常
常见的词组或句子作插入语
Judging from her facial expression, I think mum’s really mad.
根据妈妈的表情,我猜她已经火大了。
generally speaking 一般而言
talking of 谈到
strictly speaking 严格来说
generally considering 一般认为
Thank You !