2022届高考英语二轮复习长难句精讲分析与真题演练4课件（70张PPT）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习长难句精讲分析与真题演练4课件（70张PPT） |
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| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-19 07:16:14 | ||
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文档简介
(共70张PPT)
高考英语阅读理解长难句分析
长难句分析 4
1. 长难句典例精讲
1. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
1. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
分析：“It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains（插入语）, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language（especially引导的插入语，对前面any student的内容进行加深处理）, to feel confident enough to（形式主语It所指代内容） say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
2. Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project（A of B，两个名词性意群构成的固定结构，一般译为B的A固定结构） when（时间状语从句引导词） he asked the children one day to raise their hands（ask sb to do sth, one day作为时间状语插入其中） if（when从句内的条件状语从句引导词） they thought they could never be a president.
1. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
1. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
分析：Thus（与上文的逻辑语义关系，信息定位关键词）, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension（插入语）, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right（破折号后的诠释）.
2. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
2. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
分析：Data collected from the device（后置定语，是定语从句的简化形式） could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
3. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
3. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
分析：The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and（and并列两个谓语动词，主语为the keyboard） is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.
1. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
1. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
分析：They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but（not A but B 不是A二是B的固定结构） by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others（三个v-ing形式的动词词组并列）, among whom I soon found myself.
2. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
2. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
分析： The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities（超长名词性词组做主语） strengthen（谓语动词）schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and（并列前面的strengthen和后面的are employed两个谓语动词）, when tapped early,（插入语） are employed ever after in life and work.
3. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
3. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
分析：It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment（主语从句中的比较状语）, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”（黑体部分为主语从句，但因为谓语动词show太短，用it做形式主语）
2. 高考经典长难句汇总
adj. & adv.的级别
1. （adj.& adv的级别）There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever. (2009年北京卷阅读B)图片图片图片没有什么比延误梦想直到它永远消失更悲伤的了。
l （形容词 副词） I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 4 First Impressions)
我变的越来越心烦意乱, 当然, 我的情绪越坏, 就越难集中注意力.
adj. & adv.的级别
（形容词 副词） The more accurately (精确地) reality is presented, the less understandable the story, and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is. (2011年四川卷 阅读D)
现实越是精确的呈现，故事就越难理解，故事越好理解，就越不现实。
adj. & adv.的级别
l （ 形容词 副词/定语从句）In most countries, the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old. (2012年陕西卷 阅读A)
在大多数国家， 与年龄在45岁的人相比， 老一代的人认为价值观对于一个国家更重要。
adj. & adv.的级别
(形容词副词) For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. (人教版M2 Unit 1 A Fact or An Opinion )
举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
l (形容词副词) There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. (人教版M2 Unit 2 An Interview )
国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运会奖牌一样的激烈。
adj. & adv.的级别
（adj&adv的级别）When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's. 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那样大。（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
（adj&adv的级别）But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
adj. & adv.的级别
（adj&adv的级别）Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. 她们知道，因为五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界上任何其他国家都要多。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
（adj&adv的级别）Sri Chinmoy says that it is just as important for people to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds, hearts and spiritual selves. 斯里琴摩指出人们发展他们的体魄与发展他们的头脑、心灵和精神上的自我具有同等的重要性。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
定语从句
1. （定语从句）At first, in spite of disliking him, she did not discount his affection, and was sensitive to the pain she was going to cause him when she declined his feelings. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47) 起初，虽然不喜欢他，她并没有漠视他的爱，而且还很在意拒绝他的求婚会给他带来的痛苦。
2. （定语从句）Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16) 阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能够对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物做出解释。
定语从句
3. （定语从句）Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was “The Foundation Trilogy” (1951-1953), three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16) 在他那些最富盛名的科幻小说中，那本获奖的书叫做《基地三部曲》（1951-1953），书有三个小故事组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。
4. （定语从句/连词和状语从句）On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a huge noise coming from the bay. (新人教版必修7 Unit3 P20) 有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理床铺的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
定语从句
5. （定语从句）She is halfway through the preparation year which most foreign students complete before entering a degree course. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P38) 大多数外籍学生在进入学位课程学习之前都要学习一年的预科，而她已经读了半年了。
6. (定语从句) On the border of England and Wales, it is full of beauty with high hills, wooded countryside and picturesque towns and villages, all of which makes it an ideal place to visit. (北师大版M7 U20 LA) 在英格兰和威尔士交界处，处处可见高高的丘陵，树林掩映的乡村和风景如画的村镇，所有这些都使得该地成为一个理想的游览地。
定语从句
7. (定语从句/状语从句) Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus. (北师大版M7 U21 L3) 许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙大流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。
8. (定语从句/连词和状语从句) He discovered small areas of mist which were in fact galaxies like our own, millions of light years away from us, which proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought. (北师大版M7 U20 L3) 他发现小的雾区实际上是像我们自己的星系一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远，这一发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。
定语从句
9. (定语从句) It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to --- and sometimes even replace --- spoken language. (北师大版M7 U19 L3) 它是一种没有字词，由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了---有时甚至取代了---口头语言。
10. (定语从句) He was tired of being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing. (北师大版M4 U10 L1) 他不想再做在许多人一无所有的情况下自己却拥有一切的那种人。
定语从句
11. (定语从句) For a start, it can buy you a tree, which will help make soil stay on the land. (北师大版M4 U10 L3) 首先，你可以用五元钱买一棵树，而这棵树可以使泥土不流失。
12. (定语从句) However, instead of showing real, existing structures, he used photographs to make up imaginary structures that best represented the different architectural styles. (北师大版M4 U10 CC) 然而，他并没有展现真实存在的建筑结构，而是用照片聚合成一个想象中的最能代表不同建筑风格的结构图。
定语从句
13. （定语从句）One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done. (2009年山东卷阅读D) 今年我所做的一件事就是把我的教学内容与当前的经济形势联系起来，而以前通常是不这样做的。
14. （定语从句）The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train. (2009年湖北卷阅读A)图片图片舅和他的战友开拔的时间到了。没有经过任何的训练，穿着统一的制服，他们登上了火车。
定语从句
15. （定语从句/名词性从句）One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. (2009年辽宁卷阅读D)图片图片我们不喜欢读自己著作的一个原因是：当读它的时候，我们往往会感到失望，因为我们脑海中丰富的想法在初稿中却显得苍白无力。
16. （定语从句）As you would expect from such a city, there are restaurants serving food from around the world. (2009年重庆卷阅读D) 正如您对此城市之期望，这儿有诸多餐馆，供给来自世界各地的食物。
17. 图片（定语从句）Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. (2009年重庆卷阅读B) 然后有个专家说我没有道理要停止训练和比赛。
3. 高考长难句攻关
1：Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.
译文：无论上午还是下午，无论是初来乍到的人还是当地居民，如果想要以一种健康舒适的方式感受华盛顿，骑车游览是最佳选择。
分析：looking to ...作newcomers and locals的后置定语。指望，期望
2：Frequent stops are made for phototaking as your guide offers unique facts and history.
译文：在导游不时驻足讲解相关史实时，游客们可以拍摄照相。
分析：
英语多用名词，汉语多用动词，体会英汉思维的差异。
3：Homelessness had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a partly written book.
译文：无家可归使我一无所有，就像是一本没写完的书稿的末页，白纸一张。
分析：
此处的partly written book，用来比喻主人公的人生。而empty page at the end of代表了主人公一无所有的后半段人生。
4：However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
译文：然而，这条铁路很快证明是巨大的成功，在6个月内，每天有2.5万多人使用它。
点拨：
prove：= turn out 证明是，被发现是(此处为系动词，不用被动)
success：成功的事
5：People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them.
译文：走在人行道上的各个年龄段的人，都开心地盯着手上的手机，完全不在意周围发生的一切。
分析：
with 的复合结构和quite unaware of ...均作状语。
people of all ages：不同年龄的人
be glued to sth：盯着某物
quite unaware of：不知道……，没有意识到……
6：It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
译文：是时候要求他们注册和上保险了，这样一来，一旦他们撞到行人或车辆，或引起事故，至少可以查明真相，并有机会提出索赔。
分析：
在It’s (high / about)time后的从句中，谓语常用过去时或should + 动词原形(should 不可省略)。
点拨：
claim：索赔
trace：追查；find / track
7：The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
译文：纽卡斯尔大学(Newcastle University)的智能交通团队将一辆电动汽车改造成了一个名为DriveLAB的移动实验室，以了解年长司机面临的挑战，并发现关键的压力点在哪里。
分析：本句的谓语动词是have turned，in order tounderstand
... 和to discover是并列的两个目的状语，faced by older
drivers作the challenges的后置定语，where the key stress
points are作discover的宾语。
8：Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated and inactive.
译文：研究表明，放弃驾驶是老年人健康状况和幸福水平下降的主要原因之一，这使得他们变得更加与世隔绝和缺乏活力。
分析：
that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中givingup driving作主语,leading to ... 作伴随状语。
点拨：
a fall in health：健康状况下降
lead to sb doing sth：导致某人做某事
(同result in sb doing sth)
9：Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
译文：在菲尔·布莱斯教授的带领下，纽卡斯尔大学的研究小组正在为年龄较大的司机开发车载技术，以帮助他们继续驾驶到晚年。
分析：led by Professor Phil Blythe作句子的状语，其和句子主语the Newcastle team之间是被动关系，故用过去分词；which引导定语从句修饰先行词in-vehicle technologies。
点拨：develop：研制，开发
in-vehicle technology：车载技术
later life：晚年
10：We found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.
译文：我们发现在限速每小时30英里的区域，老年人很难保持恒定的速度，因此更有可能超速，面临被罚款的风险。
点拨：
struggle to do sth：极力/ 努力/ 挣扎着做某事
(struggle英语释义to try very hard to do sth when
it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems)
11：While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policy makers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.
译文：尽管到目前为止，大多数争论都集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全性上(理应如此)，决策者们也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何帮助减少交通堵塞、减少排放以及提供更方便更经济的出行选择。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，while引导让步状语从句，主句的谓语为should be talking about。how引导宾语从句作about的宾语。
while：尽管，虽然
debate：讨论；discussion (debate为正式用语)
rightfully：合法地，正确地
mobility：移动性(mobility options 出行选择)
12：Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.
译文：政策制定者现在应该开始考虑，如何保证无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大当今以汽车为主导的交通系统中最消极的方面。
分析：
make sure后接宾语从句，该从句中we have today是定语从句，修饰先行词system。
点拨：the appearance of：[同义异构] ……的出现，到来；the arrival of
13：The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably.
译文：即将到来的技术进步为各城市和各州的交通系统发展提供了机会，这种交通系统可以让更多的人更经济地出行。
分析：
designed to move more people, and more affordably为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰systems。
点拨：
present：提供(由基本义“呈上”到衍生义“提供”)
14：One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.
译文：他又看了一眼，发现那辆不能开动的汽车下面冒出了火焰。
one more look：又看了一眼(one more …再来一个……；one more chance 再多一次机会one more minute 再多一分钟)
shoot：(使) 快速移动，喷出，射出
15：Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
译文：针对这些禁令，塑料袋生产商聘用像斯坦这样的科学家来证明他们生产的塑料袋对地球的损害并不像大多数人认为的那样糟糕。
分析：Eyeing these headwinds是现在分词短语作状语，that their products ... assume是同位语从句，解释说明case。
点拨：eye：[词类活用]审视，细看(因本文是议论文，用词比较正式，如prohibit, assume, purchase, require等)
headwind：逆风(文中指塑料袋禁令)
case：理由，论据
16：They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
译文：他们呼吁人们和政府采取措施应对光污染。
点拨：
call on sb to do sth：呼吁某人做某事
take measures to do sth：采取措施做某事
17：They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.
译文：他们担心睡觉时暴露在光线下会增加患癌的风险。
点拨：
exposure to：暴露于……，接触到……
increase a person’s chances of getting cancer：增加人们患癌的风险(chance：[熟词生义]风险)
18：We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new.
译文：我们或许会认为自己是这样的一个文化群体：一看见新科技产品就会扔掉我们在用的现有产品。
get rid of：丢弃
at the first sight of：一看见……(就)
19：According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to green house gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
译文：Babbitt的团队分析显示，旧台式电脑显视器和CRT电视机是最糟糕的电器，(因为)在1992年到2007年期间，它们的能耗和温室气体排放量翻了一倍还多。
contribution to：对……的促成作用
20：They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
译文：他们发现，多在平板电脑上点播观看娱乐节目比用电视和台式电脑观看能减少44%的能源消耗。
点拨：on-demand：应顾客要求即可提供的
21：The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
译文：虽然环境保护的难度巨大，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局为之所做的努力似乎正见成效。
点拨：pay off:成功；奏效
22：Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？
译文：乞力马扎罗山该得到人满为患，安静被破坏这样一个名声吗？
分析：
a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace中with…为with复合结构作mountain的后置定语，在这个结构中，tourists和ruin之间为主动的关系，因此用了ruining。
点拨：
deserve the reputation:名不虚传；实至名归
23：Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.
译文：对此，科学家们的回应是，饥饿的北极熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致人们产生一种错觉，认为它们的数量比实际数量要多。
分析：本句中有两个that引导的从句，第一个that引导宾语从句，作noting的宾语；第二个that引导同位语从句，解释说明the illusion。
点拨：note 指出
24：A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!
译文：不可否认，这是一个紧张的夜晚，但是，有时候大自然还是会青睐我们的。
25：Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
译文：它们(这些昆虫) 刚一到，局势就反转了。正在吃午餐的昆虫变成了(它们天敌的)午餐。
点拨：
turn the table：扭转局势
turn the tables 源于西洋双陆棋(backgammon)。在中古英语里，这种游戏被简称为“tables”。两边下棋的对手在一局结束后，必须转到桌子的另一边和对方交换位置，用意是给输的一方绝对公平的机会去扭转局面，反败为胜。因此turn the tables 的精准汉语释义为“扭转局面；反败为胜”。
lunch：用午餐
26：According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
译文：然而，根据海外发展研究所(ODI)的数据，在过去20年里，只有12%的救灾资金用于提前降低风险，而不是在事后进行恢复和重建。尽管有证据表明，用一美元于降低风险至少可以在重建中节省两美元。
disaster-relief funding：赈灾基金
go on (ahead)：先走一步，先行
(go on doing sth in advance)
27：Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.
译文：虽然这种关系可能不是因果关系，但帮助分裂的社区为灾难做准备至少会降低灾难发生后造成人员伤亡的风险。
分析：
这是一个主从复合句，主句的主语是动名词短语helping divided communities to prepare for disasters，that引导一个同位语从句修饰先行词the risk。
点拨：
causal：因果关系的(cause + -al)
divided：(团体或组织) 分裂的；有分歧的
长难句课后演练
课后演练
This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression… Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
生活的这种加速需要一种全新的表达形式。
我们不是描绘声音，而是必须造出模仿声音的词语；我们必须在同一张纸上使用不同的字体型号和不同颜色的墨水，并任意缩短或加长词语。
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is onethat will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is onethat will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs
主句：Among the annoying challenges is one 这其实是个主系表结构的倒装句，还原之后为One (challenge)is among the annoying challeges.
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is onethat will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs
修饰部分：(1).facing the middle class为现在分词作定语修饰challeges;
(2)that引导的部分要分3个层次理解，第一that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词one，第二冒号后边的What happens when the robots come for their jobs 作one的同位语，一样修饰one,第三What happens when the robots come for their jobs 这句疑问句中，结构为主（what）+谓（happens）+when引导的时间状语从句
词汇拓展：
1/annoying a.讨厌的，令人气恼的
2/presidential a.总统的
president n.总统
3/unmentioned a.未提到的;未说起的
4/challenge n.挑战
5/campaign n.活动
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is onethat will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs
在中产阶级面临的恼人挑战中，有一个可能在下次总统竞选中不会被提及:当机器人来抢走他们的工作时，会发生什么
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
修饰部分：（1）in Mr.McDonnell's trial 为介词短语作后置定语修饰judge
（2）整体上，（that）the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.为省略that的宾语从句做said的宾语，这个从句里的主干是the judge failed to tell a jury that；tell后边跟双宾语，间接宾语是a jury,直接宾语是that从句
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
修饰部分：（3）其中，又包含that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties这一宾语从句，主干为it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions ；
（4）剩下的on "specific" and "unsettled" issues 为介词短语作后置定语修饰decisions,related to his duties为形容词短语作后置定语修饰issues.
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
最高法院的判决认为,在麦克斯唐纳德案件中，法官并未告知陪审团必须只关注他的“公务行为”，或者只对这位前州长在职责范围内“特定‘并且”未解决的“决定进行判决。。
词汇拓展：
1/trial n.审判;试验; 磨难
2/jury n.陪审团;评委会
3/specific a.具体的,明确的; 特殊的,特定的
4/unsettled a.不稳定的; 未解决的,未决定的
settle v.解决、确定；定居
高考英语阅读理解长难句分析
长难句分析 4
1. 长难句典例精讲
1. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
1. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
分析：“It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains（插入语）, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language（especially引导的插入语，对前面any student的内容进行加深处理）, to feel confident enough to（形式主语It所指代内容） say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
2. Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project（A of B，两个名词性意群构成的固定结构，一般译为B的A固定结构） when（时间状语从句引导词） he asked the children one day to raise their hands（ask sb to do sth, one day作为时间状语插入其中） if（when从句内的条件状语从句引导词） they thought they could never be a president.
1. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
1. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
分析：Thus（与上文的逻辑语义关系，信息定位关键词）, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension（插入语）, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right（破折号后的诠释）.
2. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
2. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
分析：Data collected from the device（后置定语，是定语从句的简化形式） could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
3. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
3. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
分析：The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and（and并列两个谓语动词，主语为the keyboard） is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.
1. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
1. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
分析：They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but（not A but B 不是A二是B的固定结构） by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others（三个v-ing形式的动词词组并列）, among whom I soon found myself.
2. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
2. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
分析： The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities（超长名词性词组做主语） strengthen（谓语动词）schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and（并列前面的strengthen和后面的are employed两个谓语动词）, when tapped early,（插入语） are employed ever after in life and work.
3. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
3. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
分析：It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment（主语从句中的比较状语）, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”（黑体部分为主语从句，但因为谓语动词show太短，用it做形式主语）
2. 高考经典长难句汇总
adj. & adv.的级别
1. （adj.& adv的级别）There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever. (2009年北京卷阅读B)图片图片图片没有什么比延误梦想直到它永远消失更悲伤的了。
l （形容词 副词） I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 4 First Impressions)
我变的越来越心烦意乱, 当然, 我的情绪越坏, 就越难集中注意力.
adj. & adv.的级别
（形容词 副词） The more accurately (精确地) reality is presented, the less understandable the story, and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is. (2011年四川卷 阅读D)
现实越是精确的呈现，故事就越难理解，故事越好理解，就越不现实。
adj. & adv.的级别
l （ 形容词 副词/定语从句）In most countries, the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old. (2012年陕西卷 阅读A)
在大多数国家， 与年龄在45岁的人相比， 老一代的人认为价值观对于一个国家更重要。
adj. & adv.的级别
(形容词副词) For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. (人教版M2 Unit 1 A Fact or An Opinion )
举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
l (形容词副词) There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. (人教版M2 Unit 2 An Interview )
国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运会奖牌一样的激烈。
adj. & adv.的级别
（adj&adv的级别）When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's. 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那样大。（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
（adj&adv的级别）But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
adj. & adv.的级别
（adj&adv的级别）Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. 她们知道，因为五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界上任何其他国家都要多。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
（adj&adv的级别）Sri Chinmoy says that it is just as important for people to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds, hearts and spiritual selves. 斯里琴摩指出人们发展他们的体魄与发展他们的头脑、心灵和精神上的自我具有同等的重要性。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
定语从句
1. （定语从句）At first, in spite of disliking him, she did not discount his affection, and was sensitive to the pain she was going to cause him when she declined his feelings. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47) 起初，虽然不喜欢他，她并没有漠视他的爱，而且还很在意拒绝他的求婚会给他带来的痛苦。
2. （定语从句）Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16) 阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能够对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物做出解释。
定语从句
3. （定语从句）Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was “The Foundation Trilogy” (1951-1953), three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16) 在他那些最富盛名的科幻小说中，那本获奖的书叫做《基地三部曲》（1951-1953），书有三个小故事组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。
4. （定语从句/连词和状语从句）On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a huge noise coming from the bay. (新人教版必修7 Unit3 P20) 有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理床铺的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
定语从句
5. （定语从句）She is halfway through the preparation year which most foreign students complete before entering a degree course. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P38) 大多数外籍学生在进入学位课程学习之前都要学习一年的预科，而她已经读了半年了。
6. (定语从句) On the border of England and Wales, it is full of beauty with high hills, wooded countryside and picturesque towns and villages, all of which makes it an ideal place to visit. (北师大版M7 U20 LA) 在英格兰和威尔士交界处，处处可见高高的丘陵，树林掩映的乡村和风景如画的村镇，所有这些都使得该地成为一个理想的游览地。
定语从句
7. (定语从句/状语从句) Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus. (北师大版M7 U21 L3) 许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙大流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。
8. (定语从句/连词和状语从句) He discovered small areas of mist which were in fact galaxies like our own, millions of light years away from us, which proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought. (北师大版M7 U20 L3) 他发现小的雾区实际上是像我们自己的星系一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远，这一发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。
定语从句
9. (定语从句) It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to --- and sometimes even replace --- spoken language. (北师大版M7 U19 L3) 它是一种没有字词，由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了---有时甚至取代了---口头语言。
10. (定语从句) He was tired of being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing. (北师大版M4 U10 L1) 他不想再做在许多人一无所有的情况下自己却拥有一切的那种人。
定语从句
11. (定语从句) For a start, it can buy you a tree, which will help make soil stay on the land. (北师大版M4 U10 L3) 首先，你可以用五元钱买一棵树，而这棵树可以使泥土不流失。
12. (定语从句) However, instead of showing real, existing structures, he used photographs to make up imaginary structures that best represented the different architectural styles. (北师大版M4 U10 CC) 然而，他并没有展现真实存在的建筑结构，而是用照片聚合成一个想象中的最能代表不同建筑风格的结构图。
定语从句
13. （定语从句）One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done. (2009年山东卷阅读D) 今年我所做的一件事就是把我的教学内容与当前的经济形势联系起来，而以前通常是不这样做的。
14. （定语从句）The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train. (2009年湖北卷阅读A)图片图片舅和他的战友开拔的时间到了。没有经过任何的训练，穿着统一的制服，他们登上了火车。
定语从句
15. （定语从句/名词性从句）One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. (2009年辽宁卷阅读D)图片图片我们不喜欢读自己著作的一个原因是：当读它的时候，我们往往会感到失望，因为我们脑海中丰富的想法在初稿中却显得苍白无力。
16. （定语从句）As you would expect from such a city, there are restaurants serving food from around the world. (2009年重庆卷阅读D) 正如您对此城市之期望，这儿有诸多餐馆，供给来自世界各地的食物。
17. 图片（定语从句）Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. (2009年重庆卷阅读B) 然后有个专家说我没有道理要停止训练和比赛。
3. 高考长难句攻关
1：Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.
译文：无论上午还是下午，无论是初来乍到的人还是当地居民，如果想要以一种健康舒适的方式感受华盛顿，骑车游览是最佳选择。
分析：looking to ...作newcomers and locals的后置定语。指望，期望
2：Frequent stops are made for phototaking as your guide offers unique facts and history.
译文：在导游不时驻足讲解相关史实时，游客们可以拍摄照相。
分析：
英语多用名词，汉语多用动词，体会英汉思维的差异。
3：Homelessness had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a partly written book.
译文：无家可归使我一无所有，就像是一本没写完的书稿的末页，白纸一张。
分析：
此处的partly written book，用来比喻主人公的人生。而empty page at the end of代表了主人公一无所有的后半段人生。
4：However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
译文：然而，这条铁路很快证明是巨大的成功，在6个月内，每天有2.5万多人使用它。
点拨：
prove：= turn out 证明是，被发现是(此处为系动词，不用被动)
success：成功的事
5：People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them.
译文：走在人行道上的各个年龄段的人，都开心地盯着手上的手机，完全不在意周围发生的一切。
分析：
with 的复合结构和quite unaware of ...均作状语。
people of all ages：不同年龄的人
be glued to sth：盯着某物
quite unaware of：不知道……，没有意识到……
6：It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
译文：是时候要求他们注册和上保险了，这样一来，一旦他们撞到行人或车辆，或引起事故，至少可以查明真相，并有机会提出索赔。
分析：
在It’s (high / about)time后的从句中，谓语常用过去时或should + 动词原形(should 不可省略)。
点拨：
claim：索赔
trace：追查；find / track
7：The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
译文：纽卡斯尔大学(Newcastle University)的智能交通团队将一辆电动汽车改造成了一个名为DriveLAB的移动实验室，以了解年长司机面临的挑战，并发现关键的压力点在哪里。
分析：本句的谓语动词是have turned，in order tounderstand
... 和to discover是并列的两个目的状语，faced by older
drivers作the challenges的后置定语，where the key stress
points are作discover的宾语。
8：Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated and inactive.
译文：研究表明，放弃驾驶是老年人健康状况和幸福水平下降的主要原因之一，这使得他们变得更加与世隔绝和缺乏活力。
分析：
that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中givingup driving作主语,leading to ... 作伴随状语。
点拨：
a fall in health：健康状况下降
lead to sb doing sth：导致某人做某事
(同result in sb doing sth)
9：Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
译文：在菲尔·布莱斯教授的带领下，纽卡斯尔大学的研究小组正在为年龄较大的司机开发车载技术，以帮助他们继续驾驶到晚年。
分析：led by Professor Phil Blythe作句子的状语，其和句子主语the Newcastle team之间是被动关系，故用过去分词；which引导定语从句修饰先行词in-vehicle technologies。
点拨：develop：研制，开发
in-vehicle technology：车载技术
later life：晚年
10：We found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.
译文：我们发现在限速每小时30英里的区域，老年人很难保持恒定的速度，因此更有可能超速，面临被罚款的风险。
点拨：
struggle to do sth：极力/ 努力/ 挣扎着做某事
(struggle英语释义to try very hard to do sth when
it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems)
11：While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policy makers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.
译文：尽管到目前为止，大多数争论都集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全性上(理应如此)，决策者们也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何帮助减少交通堵塞、减少排放以及提供更方便更经济的出行选择。
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，while引导让步状语从句，主句的谓语为should be talking about。how引导宾语从句作about的宾语。
while：尽管，虽然
debate：讨论；discussion (debate为正式用语)
rightfully：合法地，正确地
mobility：移动性(mobility options 出行选择)
12：Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.
译文：政策制定者现在应该开始考虑，如何保证无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大当今以汽车为主导的交通系统中最消极的方面。
分析：
make sure后接宾语从句，该从句中we have today是定语从句，修饰先行词system。
点拨：the appearance of：[同义异构] ……的出现，到来；the arrival of
13：The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably.
译文：即将到来的技术进步为各城市和各州的交通系统发展提供了机会，这种交通系统可以让更多的人更经济地出行。
分析：
designed to move more people, and more affordably为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰systems。
点拨：
present：提供(由基本义“呈上”到衍生义“提供”)
14：One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.
译文：他又看了一眼，发现那辆不能开动的汽车下面冒出了火焰。
one more look：又看了一眼(one more …再来一个……；one more chance 再多一次机会one more minute 再多一分钟)
shoot：(使) 快速移动，喷出，射出
15：Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
译文：针对这些禁令，塑料袋生产商聘用像斯坦这样的科学家来证明他们生产的塑料袋对地球的损害并不像大多数人认为的那样糟糕。
分析：Eyeing these headwinds是现在分词短语作状语，that their products ... assume是同位语从句，解释说明case。
点拨：eye：[词类活用]审视，细看(因本文是议论文，用词比较正式，如prohibit, assume, purchase, require等)
headwind：逆风(文中指塑料袋禁令)
case：理由，论据
16：They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
译文：他们呼吁人们和政府采取措施应对光污染。
点拨：
call on sb to do sth：呼吁某人做某事
take measures to do sth：采取措施做某事
17：They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.
译文：他们担心睡觉时暴露在光线下会增加患癌的风险。
点拨：
exposure to：暴露于……，接触到……
increase a person’s chances of getting cancer：增加人们患癌的风险(chance：[熟词生义]风险)
18：We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new.
译文：我们或许会认为自己是这样的一个文化群体：一看见新科技产品就会扔掉我们在用的现有产品。
get rid of：丢弃
at the first sight of：一看见……(就)
19：According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to green house gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
译文：Babbitt的团队分析显示，旧台式电脑显视器和CRT电视机是最糟糕的电器，(因为)在1992年到2007年期间，它们的能耗和温室气体排放量翻了一倍还多。
contribution to：对……的促成作用
20：They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
译文：他们发现，多在平板电脑上点播观看娱乐节目比用电视和台式电脑观看能减少44%的能源消耗。
点拨：on-demand：应顾客要求即可提供的
21：The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
译文：虽然环境保护的难度巨大，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局为之所做的努力似乎正见成效。
点拨：pay off:成功；奏效
22：Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？
译文：乞力马扎罗山该得到人满为患，安静被破坏这样一个名声吗？
分析：
a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace中with…为with复合结构作mountain的后置定语，在这个结构中，tourists和ruin之间为主动的关系，因此用了ruining。
点拨：
deserve the reputation:名不虚传；实至名归
23：Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.
译文：对此，科学家们的回应是，饥饿的北极熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致人们产生一种错觉，认为它们的数量比实际数量要多。
分析：本句中有两个that引导的从句，第一个that引导宾语从句，作noting的宾语；第二个that引导同位语从句，解释说明the illusion。
点拨：note 指出
24：A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!
译文：不可否认，这是一个紧张的夜晚，但是，有时候大自然还是会青睐我们的。
25：Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
译文：它们(这些昆虫) 刚一到，局势就反转了。正在吃午餐的昆虫变成了(它们天敌的)午餐。
点拨：
turn the table：扭转局势
turn the tables 源于西洋双陆棋(backgammon)。在中古英语里，这种游戏被简称为“tables”。两边下棋的对手在一局结束后，必须转到桌子的另一边和对方交换位置，用意是给输的一方绝对公平的机会去扭转局面，反败为胜。因此turn the tables 的精准汉语释义为“扭转局面；反败为胜”。
lunch：用午餐
26：According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
译文：然而，根据海外发展研究所(ODI)的数据，在过去20年里，只有12%的救灾资金用于提前降低风险，而不是在事后进行恢复和重建。尽管有证据表明，用一美元于降低风险至少可以在重建中节省两美元。
disaster-relief funding：赈灾基金
go on (ahead)：先走一步，先行
(go on doing sth in advance)
27：Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.
译文：虽然这种关系可能不是因果关系，但帮助分裂的社区为灾难做准备至少会降低灾难发生后造成人员伤亡的风险。
分析：
这是一个主从复合句，主句的主语是动名词短语helping divided communities to prepare for disasters，that引导一个同位语从句修饰先行词the risk。
点拨：
causal：因果关系的(cause + -al)
divided：(团体或组织) 分裂的；有分歧的
长难句课后演练
课后演练
This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression… Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
生活的这种加速需要一种全新的表达形式。
我们不是描绘声音，而是必须造出模仿声音的词语；我们必须在同一张纸上使用不同的字体型号和不同颜色的墨水，并任意缩短或加长词语。
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is onethat will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is onethat will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs
主句：Among the annoying challenges is one 这其实是个主系表结构的倒装句，还原之后为One (challenge)is among the annoying challeges.
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is onethat will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs
修饰部分：(1).facing the middle class为现在分词作定语修饰challeges;
(2)that引导的部分要分3个层次理解，第一that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词one，第二冒号后边的What happens when the robots come for their jobs 作one的同位语，一样修饰one,第三What happens when the robots come for their jobs 这句疑问句中，结构为主（what）+谓（happens）+when引导的时间状语从句
词汇拓展：
1/annoying a.讨厌的，令人气恼的
2/presidential a.总统的
president n.总统
3/unmentioned a.未提到的;未说起的
4/challenge n.挑战
5/campaign n.活动
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is onethat will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs
在中产阶级面临的恼人挑战中，有一个可能在下次总统竞选中不会被提及:当机器人来抢走他们的工作时，会发生什么
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
修饰部分：（1）in Mr.McDonnell's trial 为介词短语作后置定语修饰judge
（2）整体上，（that）the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.为省略that的宾语从句做said的宾语，这个从句里的主干是the judge failed to tell a jury that；tell后边跟双宾语，间接宾语是a jury,直接宾语是that从句
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
修饰部分：（3）其中，又包含that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties这一宾语从句，主干为it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions ；
（4）剩下的on "specific" and "unsettled" issues 为介词短语作后置定语修饰decisions,related to his duties为形容词短语作后置定语修饰issues.
The high court's decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"offical acts", or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
最高法院的判决认为,在麦克斯唐纳德案件中，法官并未告知陪审团必须只关注他的“公务行为”，或者只对这位前州长在职责范围内“特定‘并且”未解决的“决定进行判决。。
词汇拓展：
1/trial n.审判;试验; 磨难
2/jury n.陪审团;评委会
3/specific a.具体的,明确的; 特殊的,特定的
4/unsettled a.不稳定的; 未解决的,未决定的
settle v.解决、确定；定居