2022届高考英语二轮专题复习名词、代词、动词课件（43张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮专题复习名词、代词、动词课件（43张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 10.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-04-19 08:56:57 | ||
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文档简介
(共42张PPT)
名词、代词、动词
Guess
This is an outbreak of disease that started in WuHan, one of the central Chinese cities. It's caused by a novel corona virus that means it's brand-new. So new that actually it doesn't have a name yet.
This is an outbreak of disease that started in WuHan, one of the central Chinese cities. It's caused by a novel corona virus that means it's brand-new. So new that actually it doesn't have a name yet.
名词
英语中词的分类:实词和虚词
实词有：名词、代词、动词、形容 词、副词、数词
虚词有：介词、连词、冠词
名词：用来表示人或物的名称的词叫名词
名词分类：可数名词、不可数名词
考点一 可数名词
一、名词的数
1.名词复数形式的规则变化
一般在名词词尾加-s girl—girls 女孩 book—books 书籍
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词词尾加-es brush—brushes 刷子
bench—benches 长凳
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加-es city—cities 城市 lady—ladies 女士
部分以-f、-fe结尾的词,将f或fe改为v,再加-es thief—thieves小偷 wife—wives妻子
其他以-f结尾的词直接加-s gulf—gulfs海湾 cliff—cliffs悬崖
以“元音字母+o”结尾的词,一般加-s radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词,一般加-es hero—heroes英雄 potato—potatoes土豆
以-th结尾的名词,加-s bath—baths洗澡 month—months月份
2.名词复数形式的不规则变化
单复数同形 Chinese中国人(其他以-ese结尾的表示某国人的名词均类似);Swiss瑞士人;deer鹿;means手段、方式;sheep绵羊;spacecraft宇宙飞船;air-craft航空器/飞机;series—series一系列;species—species种类/物种
特殊变化的复数形式 analysis—analyses分析;basis—bases基础;child—children小孩;foot—feet脚;goose—geese鹅;man—men男人;mouse—mice老鼠;ox—oxen公牛,牛;phenomenon—phenomena现象;policeman—police-men警察;tooth—teeth牙;woman—women妇女
有些名词有两种复数形式 penny便士—pennies(硬币)/pence(钱数);fish—fish/fishes
3、不可数名词
定义：不可数名词是不能够用数、而是用量词来计算的名词
water milk food work money homework fun weather music health luck advice baggage change furniture hair knowledge information progress
代词用法
考点二 代词
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的构成
人称 代词 种类 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
阳性 阴性 中性 人称代
词主格 I we you you he she it they
人称代
词宾格 me us you you him her it them
数
形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers theirs
反身代词 my- self our- selves your- self your- selves him- self her- self itself them-
selves
二、指示代词this,that,these,those的用法
this/these一般指时空上较近的人或物(近指),that/those常指时空上较远的人或物(远指),在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
(1)This building was built last year;that one was built many
years ago.
这座建筑物是去年建的,那座是很多年前建的。
代词 指代 例句
it 指代前面提到的同一个事物 I can't find my bike.I don't know where I have put it.
注意：it,one,ones,the one,the ones/those(指示代词)和that(指示代词)的区别
one a/an+单数名词 We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one based on your own interests.
ones 零冠词+复数名词 Mr. Zhang gave me many valu-able presents, ones that I had never seen.
the one the+单数名词 The book on the desk is better than the
one under the desk.
the ones/ those the+复数名词 The books on the desk are better than
the ones/those under the desk.
that 1.the+单数名词2.不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时) Little joy can equal that of a sur-prising ending when you read stories.
三、相互代词 another,other、the other、others的用法
相互代词表示相互关系,它所指代的名词或代词必须是两个或者两个以上,在句中可作宾语、定语等。
①I have two books:one is English,and the other one is French.
② Medical observation needs fourteen days, then another
fourteen days.
③Among those who have died,some suffered from heart
disease,others cancel.
四、不定代词的用法
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语等。
不定代词主要有:all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,
few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no以及
some,any,no,every和-thing,-one,-body等构成的复合不定代词
不定代词考点：形容词的位置；定义从句关系词
词义 指代 都 任何一个 都不
两个人或物 both either neither
三个或三个以上的人或物;不可数名词 all any none
both,all,either,any,neither,none的区别
五、疑问代词
定义：用来表达疑问句或构成疑问句的代词叫疑问代词
疑问代词有： who which what whose whom
(1) Who should be responsible for the outbreak of the disease
(2) What are the symptoms
疑问副词
(3) Where have cases been confirmed so far
(4)How serious is this outbreak compared to others in the past
动词用法
动词的分类
一、系动词:用来连接主语和表语,与表语构成“系表结构”。
分类 例词 例句
“状态”类 be He is a good man.他是个好人。
“持续”类 keep, last, remain, stay, lie, stand I hope you keep well.我希望你保持健康。
The work remains unfinished.该工作尚未完成。
“似乎”类 seem, appear It appears that he likes the opera.
他似乎喜欢戏剧。
“感官”类 look, smell, taste, feel, sound He looks nervous and apologetic.
他看上去很紧张且有歉意。
“变成”类 become, grow, go, get, turn, come, fall He became famous as a teacher.
他作为一名老师而出名。
“证明”类 prove, turn out The dictionary proves
very use-ful.这本词典证明非常有用。
分类 功能
be 帮助现在分词构成现在进行时(be+doing)
帮助过去分词构成被动语态(be+done)
be to do
do,does,did 帮助动词原形构成疑问句、否定句
帮助动词原形构成强调句
用来替代动词
have/has/ had 构成完成体(have/has/had done)或完成进行体
(have/has/had
will,shall/would,should 帮助动词原形构成一般将来时或过去将来时
二、助动词
分类 用法 句型、例词
及物 动词 可直接加宾语 及物动词+宾语
及物动词+双宾语
及物动词+宾语+宾补
不及物动词 不可直 接加宾语 die, occur, happen(发生),come等
延续性动词 动作可持续 write, work, carry, repair, live,
study等
非延续 性动词 动作不可持续 stop, die, arrive等
三、实义动词：具有实际行为或动作的动词
实义动词的考点一：动词的第三人称形式
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats,rise→rises
以s,sh,ch,x,o,z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses teach→teaches
watch---watches fix---fixes
go--goes do--does close-closes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i再加-es carry→carries fly→flies
study-studies worry--worries
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack→packed pass-passed
以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词 变y 为-ied carry→carried try-tried
empty--emptied
以一个辅音字母结尾 的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字 母加-ed plan→planned(见下页说明）
以不发音的e 结尾的动词 直接加-d like→liked
provide→provided
实义动词的考点二：动词的过去式、过去分词构成
词汇表中双写最后一个辅音字母+ed 的单词有
admit permit regret chat rot spot fit quit
infer refer prefer occur
clap dip drop equip ship shop skip step tap
beg drag hug jog
pin plan scan skin
nod rob sob
control
注意：
(1)以下单词是直接加ed
annoy betray destroy employ enjoy stay play
(2) 以y结尾的不规则变化词
fly--flew--flown say--said --said pay-paid-paid
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing try→trying go-going
以一个辅音字母结尾 的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字 母加-ing regret→regretting
ban→banning
以不发音的e 结尾的动词 去掉e, 加-ing hate→hating
date→dating
实义动词的考点三：动词的现在分词和动名词
词汇表中双写最后一个辅音字母+ing 的单词有
begin bid cut dig fit forget get hit let put
run set shut sit slip spit split swim win shop
注意：
(1)以ie结尾，变ie 为y 再加--ing
die--dying lie--lying tie---tying
(2)以 e结尾，直接加--ing
see--seeing flee---fleeing
(3) 没有进行时的动词
hate love notice please like dare
4.情态动词
1.情态动词的类型
(1)只作情态动词的有:must,can (could),may (might),
ought to
(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need,dare
(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:shall (should),will (would)
(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有:have (had) to,used to
情态动词的特征
(1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,它们要和行为动词或连系动词连用,构成谓语。情态动词+动词原形
(2)适用于主语的各种人称和数 (have to例外,主语是第三人称单数时,要用has to)。
直击高考
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64 （declare） she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business.
Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder）.”
2019全国一卷：
61 that 62poorly 63of/for
64 to perform 65 have reported 66 belief 67 noting 68higher 69the70 are
2019年全国二卷
61being 62which 63finally 64declared 65to retire
66have made 67but 68saying 69a 70wonderful
2019全国二卷
Bye-bye
名词、代词、动词
Guess
This is an outbreak of disease that started in WuHan, one of the central Chinese cities. It's caused by a novel corona virus that means it's brand-new. So new that actually it doesn't have a name yet.
This is an outbreak of disease that started in WuHan, one of the central Chinese cities. It's caused by a novel corona virus that means it's brand-new. So new that actually it doesn't have a name yet.
名词
英语中词的分类:实词和虚词
实词有：名词、代词、动词、形容 词、副词、数词
虚词有：介词、连词、冠词
名词：用来表示人或物的名称的词叫名词
名词分类：可数名词、不可数名词
考点一 可数名词
一、名词的数
1.名词复数形式的规则变化
一般在名词词尾加-s girl—girls 女孩 book—books 书籍
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词词尾加-es brush—brushes 刷子
bench—benches 长凳
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加-es city—cities 城市 lady—ladies 女士
部分以-f、-fe结尾的词,将f或fe改为v,再加-es thief—thieves小偷 wife—wives妻子
其他以-f结尾的词直接加-s gulf—gulfs海湾 cliff—cliffs悬崖
以“元音字母+o”结尾的词,一般加-s radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词,一般加-es hero—heroes英雄 potato—potatoes土豆
以-th结尾的名词,加-s bath—baths洗澡 month—months月份
2.名词复数形式的不规则变化
单复数同形 Chinese中国人(其他以-ese结尾的表示某国人的名词均类似);Swiss瑞士人;deer鹿;means手段、方式;sheep绵羊;spacecraft宇宙飞船;air-craft航空器/飞机;series—series一系列;species—species种类/物种
特殊变化的复数形式 analysis—analyses分析;basis—bases基础;child—children小孩;foot—feet脚;goose—geese鹅;man—men男人;mouse—mice老鼠;ox—oxen公牛,牛;phenomenon—phenomena现象;policeman—police-men警察;tooth—teeth牙;woman—women妇女
有些名词有两种复数形式 penny便士—pennies(硬币)/pence(钱数);fish—fish/fishes
3、不可数名词
定义：不可数名词是不能够用数、而是用量词来计算的名词
water milk food work money homework fun weather music health luck advice baggage change furniture hair knowledge information progress
代词用法
考点二 代词
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的构成
人称 代词 种类 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
阳性 阴性 中性 人称代
词主格 I we you you he she it they
人称代
词宾格 me us you you him her it them
数
形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers theirs
反身代词 my- self our- selves your- self your- selves him- self her- self itself them-
selves
二、指示代词this,that,these,those的用法
this/these一般指时空上较近的人或物(近指),that/those常指时空上较远的人或物(远指),在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
(1)This building was built last year;that one was built many
years ago.
这座建筑物是去年建的,那座是很多年前建的。
代词 指代 例句
it 指代前面提到的同一个事物 I can't find my bike.I don't know where I have put it.
注意：it,one,ones,the one,the ones/those(指示代词)和that(指示代词)的区别
one a/an+单数名词 We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one based on your own interests.
ones 零冠词+复数名词 Mr. Zhang gave me many valu-able presents, ones that I had never seen.
the one the+单数名词 The book on the desk is better than the
one under the desk.
the ones/ those the+复数名词 The books on the desk are better than
the ones/those under the desk.
that 1.the+单数名词2.不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时) Little joy can equal that of a sur-prising ending when you read stories.
三、相互代词 another,other、the other、others的用法
相互代词表示相互关系,它所指代的名词或代词必须是两个或者两个以上,在句中可作宾语、定语等。
①I have two books:one is English,and the other one is French.
② Medical observation needs fourteen days, then another
fourteen days.
③Among those who have died,some suffered from heart
disease,others cancel.
四、不定代词的用法
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语等。
不定代词主要有:all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,
few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no以及
some,any,no,every和-thing,-one,-body等构成的复合不定代词
不定代词考点：形容词的位置；定义从句关系词
词义 指代 都 任何一个 都不
两个人或物 both either neither
三个或三个以上的人或物;不可数名词 all any none
both,all,either,any,neither,none的区别
五、疑问代词
定义：用来表达疑问句或构成疑问句的代词叫疑问代词
疑问代词有： who which what whose whom
(1) Who should be responsible for the outbreak of the disease
(2) What are the symptoms
疑问副词
(3) Where have cases been confirmed so far
(4)How serious is this outbreak compared to others in the past
动词用法
动词的分类
一、系动词:用来连接主语和表语,与表语构成“系表结构”。
分类 例词 例句
“状态”类 be He is a good man.他是个好人。
“持续”类 keep, last, remain, stay, lie, stand I hope you keep well.我希望你保持健康。
The work remains unfinished.该工作尚未完成。
“似乎”类 seem, appear It appears that he likes the opera.
他似乎喜欢戏剧。
“感官”类 look, smell, taste, feel, sound He looks nervous and apologetic.
他看上去很紧张且有歉意。
“变成”类 become, grow, go, get, turn, come, fall He became famous as a teacher.
他作为一名老师而出名。
“证明”类 prove, turn out The dictionary proves
very use-ful.这本词典证明非常有用。
分类 功能
be 帮助现在分词构成现在进行时(be+doing)
帮助过去分词构成被动语态(be+done)
be to do
do,does,did 帮助动词原形构成疑问句、否定句
帮助动词原形构成强调句
用来替代动词
have/has/ had 构成完成体(have/has/had done)或完成进行体
(have/has/had
will,shall/would,should 帮助动词原形构成一般将来时或过去将来时
二、助动词
分类 用法 句型、例词
及物 动词 可直接加宾语 及物动词+宾语
及物动词+双宾语
及物动词+宾语+宾补
不及物动词 不可直 接加宾语 die, occur, happen(发生),come等
延续性动词 动作可持续 write, work, carry, repair, live,
study等
非延续 性动词 动作不可持续 stop, die, arrive等
三、实义动词：具有实际行为或动作的动词
实义动词的考点一：动词的第三人称形式
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats,rise→rises
以s,sh,ch,x,o,z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses teach→teaches
watch---watches fix---fixes
go--goes do--does close-closes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i再加-es carry→carries fly→flies
study-studies worry--worries
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack→packed pass-passed
以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词 变y 为-ied carry→carried try-tried
empty--emptied
以一个辅音字母结尾 的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字 母加-ed plan→planned(见下页说明）
以不发音的e 结尾的动词 直接加-d like→liked
provide→provided
实义动词的考点二：动词的过去式、过去分词构成
词汇表中双写最后一个辅音字母+ed 的单词有
admit permit regret chat rot spot fit quit
infer refer prefer occur
clap dip drop equip ship shop skip step tap
beg drag hug jog
pin plan scan skin
nod rob sob
control
注意：
(1)以下单词是直接加ed
annoy betray destroy employ enjoy stay play
(2) 以y结尾的不规则变化词
fly--flew--flown say--said --said pay-paid-paid
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing try→trying go-going
以一个辅音字母结尾 的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字 母加-ing regret→regretting
ban→banning
以不发音的e 结尾的动词 去掉e, 加-ing hate→hating
date→dating
实义动词的考点三：动词的现在分词和动名词
词汇表中双写最后一个辅音字母+ing 的单词有
begin bid cut dig fit forget get hit let put
run set shut sit slip spit split swim win shop
注意：
(1)以ie结尾，变ie 为y 再加--ing
die--dying lie--lying tie---tying
(2)以 e结尾，直接加--ing
see--seeing flee---fleeing
(3) 没有进行时的动词
hate love notice please like dare
4.情态动词
1.情态动词的类型
(1)只作情态动词的有:must,can (could),may (might),
ought to
(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need,dare
(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:shall (should),will (would)
(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有:have (had) to,used to
情态动词的特征
(1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,它们要和行为动词或连系动词连用,构成谓语。情态动词+动词原形
(2)适用于主语的各种人称和数 (have to例外,主语是第三人称单数时,要用has to)。
直击高考
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64 （declare） she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business.
Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder）.”
2019全国一卷：
61 that 62poorly 63of/for
64 to perform 65 have reported 66 belief 67 noting 68higher 69the70 are
2019年全国二卷
61being 62which 63finally 64declared 65to retire
66have made 67but 68saying 69a 70wonderful
2019全国二卷
Bye-bye