2022届高中英语专题复习构词法课件（39张PPT）

(共39张PPT)
word formation
构词法
Guess
热点词汇
1.suspected case :疑似病例
2.confirmed case:确诊病例
3.abnormal body temperature:异常体温
4.temperature screening:体温筛查
5.be discharged 解除隔离
6.already cured:治愈
7.medical assistance: 医疗援助
8.medical inspection 医学检查
9.chest tightness:胸闷
10.novel coronavirus:新型冠状病毒
英语主要有三种构词法:
1.派生(Derivation):
2.合成(Compounding):
3.转化(Conversion)
通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:
eg. happy---- unhappy (加前缀)
---- happiness (加后缀)
由两个或更多的词合成一个词
eg. wood(木)+ cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)
由一个词类转化为另一个词类:
eg. water (n.)水 ---- water (v.)浇水
派生法
构成单词三元素：词根、前缀、后缀
词性
后缀
方向
前缀
中心意义
词根
加前缀 (prefix)
un+happy=unhappy
in+correct=incorrect
加后缀 (suffix)
happy+ ly= happily
use +ful= useful
加前后缀
un+happy+ly= unhappily
im+press+ive= mpressive
Affixation
注意:前缀一般只改变词义,
不改变词类;后缀一般只改
变词类,不引起词义变化
(派生)　通过加前后缀形成新词
1) 纯否定前缀
in-
dis-
dishonest, dislike,disagree, distrust,
discomfort, discover, disadvantage
inability; independent, informal,
im-
impossible; impatient, impolite
il-
illegal; illogical; illiterate
ir-
irregular; irresponsible
non-
nonsense; non-smoker; non-violent
un-
unable; unhappy; unemployment; unusually;unexpected; untiring
一.表示否定意义的前缀
2) 表示反动作意义的前缀
un-
unload, uncover; undress;
unlock; unpack; untie
dis-
disarm, disconnect
3)表示错误意义的前缀
mis-
mistake, mislead, mistrust,
misunderstanding
4)常见的表示特定意义的前缀。
　
　
　
=between
之间的，相互的
inter–
international; interaction
tele–
远，远距离
telephone, telegraph, television
telescope
co–
共同，合作
coworker, cooperate
super–
超级
supermarket, superstar, superman
　
跨越，从…到
trans–
transfusion, transplant, transport
sub–
下面的
subway
bio–　
生命，生物
biology, bioengineering,
biophysics
e–　
e-mail, e-school
电子的
=under
en–
使处于…境地；使可能
encourage enlarge
ex–
=former
以前的
ex-president; ex-husband; ex-wife
over–
=too much
过分的
overfull(太满的)；overstudy
overcarful
under–
=below
不足；在下面
underdeveloped；underground
en–
使处于…境地；使可能
encourage enlarge
“找人”：
1. -ar / -er / -or 做……的人
2. -ee (动词) 的受动者
3. -ess 女性；雌性
4. -ist ……专业人员，……专家；……主义者
5. -(i)an ……地方的人；精通……的人
6. -ant / -ent 做……的人
-
The more, the better!
二：名词后缀
teach: ___________teacher __________
visit: _____________visitor ______________
lie _____________ liar______________
教学
参观
撒谎
教学的人、教师
参观的人
撒谎的人
er/or/ar:.....的人
payee: _____________ ______________
trainee: _____________ ______________
employee: _____________ ______________
付款— 受动者
培训— 受动者
雇用— 受动者
受款人 , 收款人
接受培训者
受雇者
--ee:...的受动者
art: _____________ artist ______________
wait _____________ waitress ______________
music: _____________ musician _________
艺术
等待
音乐
艺术家
女侍者
音乐家
ist: 专业人员、专家
ess:女性
(i)an:..的地方的人
-ant / -ent 做……的人
accountant: _____________ _____________
consultant: _____________ _____________
assistant: _____________ _____________
账— 人
咨询— 人
协助— 人
会计师
顾问
助理
-ure / -ture / -ature
十大明星名词后缀
-th
-ance / -ence
-sion / -tion
-ment
-cy
age
-al
-ity / -ty / -y
-ness
- 1/2 th .../age ...的状态
warm: _________warmth _____________
true _____________ truth _____________
short________shortage _____________
温暖的
正确的
短的
温暖
事实；真理
短缺
3. -ity / ty / -y ……的状态；……的事物
similarity: _____________ _____________
curiosity: _____________ _____________
discovery: _____________ _____________
相似的—状态 / 事物
好奇的—状态 / 事物
发现—状态 / 事物
相似性；相似点
好奇心；珍品
发现；被发现的事物
4. -ance / -ence ……的动作；……的状 态；…… 的性质
appearance: _____________ ______________
preference: _____________ ______________
guidance: _____________ ______________
出现—的动作
更喜欢—的状态
指导—的状态
出现，到来
偏爱
指导，引导
5. -sion / -tion ……的行为；……的状态；……的结果
explosion: _____________ ______________
imagination: _____________ ______________
satisfaction: _____________ ______________
爆炸— 结果
想象— 行为/ 结果
满意— 状态
爆炸
想象；想象力
满意
6. -ment ……的动作；……的结果
achieve (v 达到；获得成功) + ment ___________________
arrangement (n 安排)
commit (v 做出保证；投放) + ment ___________________
commitment (n 承诺； 投入)
arrange (v 安排) + ment ___________________
achievement (n 达成；成就)
sign (v 签名；签字) + ature _____________________
mix (v 混合) + ture ______________________
mixture (n 混合；混合物)
expose (v 使暴露；揭发) + ure _____________________
signature (n 署名；签名)
7. -ure / -ture / -ature ……的行为；……的结果
exposure (n 暴露；揭发)
survive (v 幸存) + al _____________________
approve (v 批准；赞成) + al _____________________
approval (n 批准；赞成)
arrive (v 到来；到达) + al ____________________
survival (n 幸存)
arrival (n 到来；到达)
8. -al ……的动作；……的过程
9. -cy ……的性质；……的状态
accuracy: _____________ ______________
frequency: _____________ ______________
fluency: _____________ ______________
准确的— 性质
频繁的— 性质/ 状态
流利的— 状态
准确性；准确度
频繁；发生率
流利；流畅
10. -ness ……的状态
aware: ______________ _____________
cold: _________________ _____________
意识到的— 状态
寒冷的；冷淡的— 状态
认识；意识
寒冷；冷淡
-able
可…的；能…的
bearable; eatable; changeable
-ish
…似的；略带…的
childish(孩子气的；幼稚的); boyish
ful
hopeful harmful helpful
...的
三.常见形容词后缀
al ...的
national personal natural
-ible
honorible; terrible;
具有...性质的；处于..状态的
-ive
有...倾向的；有...性质的
active effective
-ous
具有...的
famous cautious humorous
-y
充满...的
tasty healthy dirty
1)动词后缀
-ize
使成为…；变成…
realize;
-fy
使…化
beautify, simplify
2)副词后缀
-ly
possibly, simply
-ward(s)
向….
downward, upward
四.其它后缀
高考链接
1.2019全国2
We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
2.2019全国3
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with usmany___67_(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists.
4.2019北京卷
Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 （meaning）college experience.
5.2019浙江卷
Other American studies showed no _____64____(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
6.2019浙江卷School uniforms are _____65 ____ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
7.2019全国1卷
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
8.2018全国1卷
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.
9.2018全国1卷
Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy)
10.2018全国2卷
This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's
major lakes and reservoirs and made
drinking water safer for people.
答案： wonderful competition traditional hugely meaningful
connection(s) traditional poorly strengthen energetic pollution
Good-Bye