Module 4 Carnival被动语态（The Passive Voice）导学案

《Carnival》问题解决—评价单
班级： 组名： 姓名： 时间
被动语态（The Passive Voice）
概念性问题(Concept)
语态是表示动词的主语和该动词所表示动作之间的关系的一种动词形式。英语中有两种语态：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态中句子的主语是动作的主事者（执行者），被动语态中句子的主语是动作的受事者（承受者）。有时候，同一句话可以有两种不同的表达方式：如果侧重点是主事者，则用主动语态；如果侧重点是受事者，则用被动语态。
原理性问题(Theory)
请同学们读下面的句子，注意他们是什么时态，什么语态，并把你的答案写在句子后面。
We knew that we would be given our textbooks the next day. _______________
Much work had been done before the rocket was launched. _______________
New businesses will be started in the city. _______________
The letter was written in 1985. _______________
Many trees were being cut down at that time. _______________
You can’t move in now. The house is being painted. _______________
No conclusion has been reached so far. _______________
New problems are dealt with every day. _____________
通过以上的句子我们发现：英语动词的被动态在构成上由助动词的一定形式加上及物动词的-ed分词构成。
Many people speak English.(主动语态).
English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）
其变化规则如下：
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在时间
am
is + -ed
are
am
is being +-ed
are
has
have been +-ed
过去时间
was
were +-ed
was
were being+-ed
had been +–ed
将来时间
will
shall be +-ed
—
shall
will have been +-ed
过去将来
should
would be +-ed
—
should
would have been +-ed
被动语态的适用情况：
1、当没有必要说明或不知道动作的执行者是谁时，用被动语态，例如，
The children are well looked after.
孩子们被照顾的很好。
This matter is being looked into.
此事正在调查中。
2、突出动作的承受者作为句子描述的重点时，用被动语态，例如，
Hundreds of passengers were killed in the crash..
数以百计的乘客在那场坠毁事故中丧生
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
每天八小时的睡眠时间必须得以保证。
3、为了强调动作的实施者，而仅放在句子主语的位置上，无法突出时，常用被动句突出，例如，
Who inverted the telephone?
It was invented by Graham Bell.
谁发明了电话？ 是贝尔
How was the house damaged?
It was damaged by a flood.
这所房子怎么被损坏的？ 一场洪水冲垮了它。
需要注意的问题：
1. 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个不可分割的词组，在被动语态中， 不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
That old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常受人嘲笑。
2. 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 + be + done
He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。
3. 在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可表达被动意义，且常与副词连用，表示该主语所具有的特征、性质等。
常见的这类动词有：sell, read, wear, wash, burn, write, open, clean, cook, cut, lock, shut等。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
The material burns easily. 此燃料易燃。
4. 主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，变被动语态时只需将宾语变成被动句的主语，宾补形式上保持不变，但在句子成分上则由宾补变成了主补。
We elected him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
He was elected our monitor. 他被选为我们班长。
* 但是，在主动句中，如果感官动词、使役动词所带的宾补为省略to的不定式时， 变被动语态时则需还原to .
We saw him jump into the river. → He was seen to jump into the river.
We heard him sing an English song. → He was heard to sing an English song.
常见的这类动词有： make, have, let, hear, see, watch, notice, observe 等。
5. 主动句的谓语动词带有双宾语时， 可将表人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时表物的直接宾语位置不变； 也可将表物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，但这时表人的间接宾语前要加上相应的介词。
用介词to的动词有：give, pass, lend, hand, sell, bring, throw, offer, owe, show, return等；
用介词for的动词有：buy, order, save, paint, sing, spare, make, fetch, play, get等。
We gave the child an apple. → The child was given an apple.
→ An apple was given to the child.
请同学们根据以上知识，对被动语态进行自我总结与完善：
三、习题性问题(Practice)
1. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________.
A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made (10.全国)
2. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ________. (10. 北京)
A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped
3. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ________ now. (10. 重庆)
A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained
4. This coastal area ________ a national wildlife reserve last year.(10. 湖南)
A. was named B. named C. is named D. names
5. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ________ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. (10. 天津)
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited
6. You have failed to do what you ________ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. (10. 四川)
A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected
7. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________ before leaving their hometowns. (10. 福建)
A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised
8. His first book ________ next month is based on a true story. (10. 陕西)
A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published
9. Linda, make sure the tables ________ before the guests arrive.
A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting
10. The church tower which ________ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (10. 上海)
A. has restored B. has been restored
C. is restoring D. is being restored
11. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ________ to the will-educated. （09. 重庆）
A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged
12. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________ and I want to listen.
A. is broadcast B. is repaired （09. 湖南）
C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast
13. –Why don’t we choose that road to save time?
--The bridge to it ________. （09. 四川）
A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired
14. –Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
--Sorry. ________. (09. 江苏)
A. It’s repaired B. It has been repaired
C. It’s being repaired D. It had been repaired
15. The prison sentence he received ________ on the number of crimes he had committed. (09. 上海春招)
A. based B. was based C. had been based D. was basing
我做题中的问题!
四、评价(Evaluation)（五角星能亮几颗呢？）
自我评价： 同学评价： 小组长评价：
五、送给孩子们的话(The gift)
Learning is like growing upstream; not to advance is to drop back.
学如逆水行舟，不进则退。