2022年中考英语专项复习——定语从句 课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
定语从句专项复习
Translation:
1、这是一个快乐的男孩。
This is a happy boy.
定语
修饰句子中的名词或代词的句子成分，就叫做定语。
2、这是一个正在踢足球的男孩。
This is a boy who is playing football.
定语
This is a boy who is playing football.
定语从句
概念：在复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，被称为定语从句。其实定语从句也就相当于一个很长的形容词，只是单个的形容词一般放在被修饰的名词前面，而定语从句则放在被修饰的名词后面。
先行词
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词，被称为先行词。先行词位于定语从句引导词的前面。
引导词
引导词：引导定语从句，并代替先行词，在定语从句中充当某个成分的词，被称为定语从句的引导词。
ref
在此基础上，定语从句解题两个步骤：
一、还原先行词到定语从句中，确定其充当的句子成分
二、根据引导词的分类和用法，确定引导词
如果不看引导词，定语从句永远都是一个成分有缺失的句子。而先行词可以还原到定语从句中，补充其缺失的成分。
主语
定语从句的引导词有：
(11个)
that, which, who, whom, whose,
介词+which, 介词+whom, where, when, why, as
引导词的分类和用法
一、当先行词是人，又在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，引导词用who/that。当先行词充当宾语时，引导词可以省略，也可以用whom。
1. The girl ＿＿ is drawing is Jim’s sister.
2. The boy ＿＿ we talked about will come.
who/that
(who/whom/that)
二、当先行词为物，又在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，引导词用which/that。当先行词充当宾语时，引导词可以省略。
1. The dog ＿＿ wants to eat meat is in my room.
2. The car ＿＿ he bought was a second-hand one.
(which/that)
which/that
（中考真题·江西）
---Do you have anything to say for yourselves
---Yes, there is one point ＿＿ we must insist on.
who C. how
whom D. /
D
先行词为物，又在定语从句中充当宾语，引导词可以省略
注意：在以上两种引导词的使用中，还存在一些特殊情况
1、当先行词是不定代词nothing, something, anything, everything, all, one等时，且指物时，定语从句引导词只用that。
(1). There is something ＿＿ I’m afraid of.
(2). All ＿＿ can be done has been done.
(that)
that
2、当先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时， 定语从句引导词只用that.
(1). This is the best building ＿＿ I have seen in Paris.
(2). She is the most beautiful girl ＿＿ I have met.
（that）
（that）
3、先行词被序数词，或者被the last(最后的), the only(唯一的), the very（正是那个）, all, any, every, few, little, no, some等词所修饰时，引导词只用that。
(1). This is the first place ＿＿ I want to visit.
(2). He is the only person ＿＿ can work out this problem.
（that）
that
4、当先行词包含了人和物两方面时，定语从句引导词只用that
The boy and the cat ＿＿ he loved were lost.
5、以疑问词who, which, what开头的疑问句,为避免重复, 要用that引导后面的定语从句
(1). Who is the man ＿＿ has white hair
(2). Which is the book ＿＿ you borrowed from the library.
（that）
that
(that)
6、先行词为all, anyone, ones, those, one，且指人时，引导词只能用who
(1). This one ＿＿ doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work.
(2). This one ＿＿ can’t be bought from shops is very expensive.
who
that
7、在There be句型中，引导词不能用that
(1). There is a stranger ＿＿ wants to see you.
(2). There is a pig ＿＿ is sleeping.
who
which
三、当先行词在定语从句中充当所有格时，表示所属关系，引导词用whose，此时先行词可以是人也可以是物
(1). The worker whose arm was cut down was sent to hospital.
把先行词还原到后面的定语从句中，应为
the worker’s arm was cut down.
(2). The house ＿＿ door is broken is my home.
把先行词还原到后面的定语从句中，应为
the house’s door is broken.
eee
whose
Practice
1. The man ______________is talking to me is a friend of my father’s.
2. The school __________________is famous here has a long history.
3. I live in the room _________windows face south.
4. He is a person ________ we like very much.
5. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall.
that/who
that/which
whose
(who/that/whom)
(that)
6. All ________ we have to do is to practice every day.
7. The first lesson _______ I learned will never be forgotten
8. Which is the clock ________ is made in China
9. She didn’t like the lady ________ coat was blue.
10. There is a bird ________ is flying in the sky.
(that)
(that)
that
whose
which
定语从句改错
1. Is this the book your father bought it for you
2. Who is the man you talked with him
3. They are talking about the people and the things which they saw on their way home．
4. Who is the man who is speaking to your mother
(that)
that
5．It was the meeting which importance was known to all people．
6. Miss Li is our English teacher whom likes eating fruits ．
7. Those that have seen the film think highly of it．
8. Those who wants to see the film put up your hands．
who
want
whose
who/that
（中考真题·北京）
Women ＿＿ usually drink coffee have a greater chance of having disease than those ＿＿ don’t.
A. who, / B. /, who
C. who, who D. that, that
√
第1空：先行词是人，在定语从句中做主语，先行词可用who/that
第2空：先行词为those, 且指人时，引导词只用who
（中考真题· 福建）
Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ＿＿ roof(房顶) is under repair.
A. whose B. which
C. / D. that
先行词还原到定语从句中，应为
The house’s roof is under repair.
√
所有格
（中考真题·上海）
He is the only one of the students who ＿＿ the winner of scholarship(奖学金) for three years.
A. is B. are
C. have been D. has been
1、先行词为单数
2、for+时间 经常和完成时态连用
√
(中考真题· 湖南)
Is this store ___ sells all kinds of fresh flowers
A. that B. which
C. the one that D. the one which
√
正确还原该疑问句，应为
This store is the one that sells all kinds of fresh flowers.
(中考真题· 河南)
Who is the man ___
A. who you are talking
B. whom you are talking about
C. that you are talking
D. that you are talking about
1、以who开头的疑问句,为避免重复, 要用 that引导后面的定语从句
2、谈论某人 talk about sb
√
三、当先行词在定语从句中充当某个介词的宾语，该介词可以从定语从句中提出来，放在引导词的前面，此时定语从句的引导词限定为whom（当先行词是人）或which（当先行词是物）。
其结构为：先行词+介词+whom/which+从句
在题目中具体该选用哪个介词，由该先行词和介词的正确搭配来决定的。
（中考真题·重庆）
I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ＿＿ she had come.
A. in which B. in that
C. from which D. from that
√
把先行词the direction正确还原到定语从句中，应为she had come from the direction.
四、当先行词是表示时间的名词，且在定语从句中充当时间状语（即介词+时间），一般用when引导，也可用“介词＋which” 。
即把先行词还原到定语从句中时，要额外再加上一个介词。
（中考真题· 湖北）
I can never forget these days ＿＿ we worked together and the days ＿＿ we spent together.
when, which B. which, when
C. with which, that D. on which, when
还原第一个定语从句的先行词，应为
we worked together in these days.
还原第二个定语从句的先行词，应为
we spent the days together.
√
时间状语
宾语
五、当先行词是表示地点的名词，且在定语从句中充当地点状语（即介词+地点），一般用 where引导,也可用“介词＋which”
即把先行词还原到定语从句中时，要额外再加上一个介词。
（中考真题· 辽宁）
I walked in our garden ＿＿ Tom and Jim were playing under one of the trees.
A. which B. when
C. where D. that
还原先行词到定语从句中，应为
Tom and Jim were playing under one of the trees in our garden.
√
地点状语
六、当先行词是表示原因的名词(通常就是reason)，且在定语从句中充当原因状语（即for+原因），一般用why或that引导,也可用“for＋which”
即把先行词reason还原到定语从句中时，要额外再加上一个介词for。
（中考真题· 湖南）
The reason ＿＿ we were late is that we missed the train.
A. which B. why
C. where D. on which
把先行词reason还原到定语从句中，应为
we were late for the reason.
√
原因状语
八、当先行词和定语从句的引导词被逗号隔开，就被称为非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导
She was graduated at Beijing University, ＿＿ she went on to have her study abroad.（2006 陕西）
A. after that B. from that
C. from which D. after which
由go on“继续”推出应该使用介词after，但在介词后不能使用that引导定语从句
√
九、（1）as引导定语从句主要用于固定结构：the same……as，as……as，such……as，so……as等搭配。主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
九、（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句，经常要把整个主句的内容看成是定语从句的先行词，这种用法主要是用在一些固定的句型中：as everyone knows，as we all know，as is known to all等，as在其中有“正如、正像、正似”等含义，这些句型可放句首、句中或句尾。
（中考真题·天津）
The Beatles came from Liverpool, ＿＿ many of you will never forget.
A. what B. that
C. how D. as
as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句
The Beatles came from Liverpool。
√
1.This is all____I know about the matter.
A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2. Is there anything else_____you require
A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
4.He talked happily about the men and books_____
interested him greatly in the school.
A.which B.that C.it D.whom
5.This is the place_____you can find him.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
6.This is one of the best books_______.
A.that have ever been written C.that has written
B.that has ever been written D.that have written
A
B
B
B
C
A
7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything__ _ __
he saw on the way to the Paris.
A.what B.that C.which D.where
8.Is oxygen the only gas_____helps fire burn
A.that B./ C.which D.it
9.Is there anything_____to you
A.that is belonged B.that belongs
C.which belongs D.that belong
10.The scientist and his achievements______you told
me about are admired by us all.
A.which B.that C.who D.whose
11. Do you remember the time______ we spent
dddtogether
A.which B.when C.that D.where
B
A
B
B
C