中考语法--现在完成时专项讲解与练习
基本构成及用法
（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…
You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…
否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied… Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied… Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied… Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
（2）用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
since和for的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise 1
用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. since
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. for
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. for
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. since
5. India has been an independent country ______1974. since
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. for
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. for
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. for, since
b）have (has) been to /have (has) gone to的区别
表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
Where has he been 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
除了上述两个短语，我们还常见到“has been in+ 地点+ for + 一段时间”的句式，意为“待在某地多长时间了”，例如：
This lady has been in Germany for seven years.
Exercise 2
根据中文上下文，选用has been to, has gone to 或 has been in 填空。
Mrs. Webb _______________________ Guangzhou for more than two weeks. has been in
—Where is Doris
—She ___________________________the Carrefour(家乐福). has gone to
—How many times __________ you __________Okinawa(冲绳) have, been to
—Three times.
c）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
现在完成时 一般过去式
She has already come. 她已经来了。 She came yesterday. 她昨天来了
He has always been a good student. 他一直是个好学生 He was a good student. 他原来是个好学生
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 They went to Yan’an last month.他们上个月去了延安
Lily has lived in Guangzhou for 10 years. 莉莉在广州住了10年了 Lily lived in Guangzhou 10 years ago.莉莉10年前住在广州
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. have, seen; saw
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today Not yet. Has, finished
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. has, come
4. Where’s Li Ming He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. has gone
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. have worked, moved
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. have made
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here For two weeks. have, stayed
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. have, finished
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. goes
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet Have, found
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. is
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. were reading
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. is climbing
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. will come
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere Have, seen
II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you _______ here
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years
C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
8. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
9. --____ you ever ____ to the US
-- Yes, twice.
A.Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
Homework
I. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)
I _________ _________ been to Macau before. have never
2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school Why has’t
3. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)
I ____ just ____ a new bike. have bought
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We ____ ____English ____three years have learned, for
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______ （改成反意疑问句） has he
6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______have they been here How long
II. Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ How long have, been there
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________ How long has, lived here
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________ When did, leave here
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book When did, buy
III. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. never
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework. already, just
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. for
4. “Have you ________ seen the film ” “No, I have ________ seen it.” ever, never
5. “Has the bus left _______ ” “Yes, it has _________ left.” yet, already
IV.用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there
6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet
7. ---Are you thirsty ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We_______ already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
1. lived 2. have been 3.came 4. has passed,left 5. lost , have seen 6. Have found 7. have had 8. have returned 9. Have built 10. haven’t finished 11. has read 12. bought 13. lost 14. have read
V. Chang the sentences
1. I have been to Hongkong. （改为一般疑问句）
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Ben has gone to Summer Palace. （改为否定句）
____________________________________________________________________________
3. The girl has been in Guangzhou for 20 years.
(改为否定句）
(改为一般疑问句）
(划线提问)
答案
1. Have you been to Hongkong
2. Ben hasn’t gone to the Summer Palace.
3. The girl hasn’t been in Guangzhou for 20 years.
Has the girl been in Guangzhou for 20 years
How long has the girl been in Guangzhou 中考语法--现在完成时专项讲解与练习
基本构成及用法
（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…
You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…
否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied… Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied… Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied… Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
（2）用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
since和for的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise 1
用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
b）have (has) been to /have (has) gone to的区别
表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
Where has he been 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
除了上述两个短语，我们还常见到“has been in+ 地点+ for + 一段时间”的句式，意为“待在某地多长时间了”，例如：
This lady has been in Germany for seven years.
Exercise 2
根据中文上下文，选用has been to, has gone to 或 has been in 填空。
Mrs. Webb _______________________ Guangzhou for more than two weeks.
—Where is Doris
—She ___________________________the Carrefour(家乐福).
—How many times __________ you __________Okinawa(冲绳)？
—Three times.
c）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
现在完成时 一般过去式
She has already come. 她已经来了。 She came yesterday. 她昨天来了
He has always been a good student. 他一直是个好学生 He was a good student. 他原来是个好学生
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 They went to Yan’an last month.他们上个月去了延安
Lily has lived in Guangzhou for 10 years. 莉莉在广州住了10年了 Lily lived in Guangzhou 10 years ago.莉莉10年前住在广州
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere
II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you _______ here
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years
C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
8. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
9. --____ you ever ____ to the US
-- Yes, twice.
A.Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
Homework
I. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
2. He hasn’t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school
3. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)
We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______ （改成反意疑问句）
6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______have they been here
II. Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
III. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film ” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______ ” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
IV.用适当的时态填空：
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there
6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet
7. ---Are you thirsty ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We_______ already _________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
V. Chang the sentences
1. I have been to Hongkong. （改为一般疑问句）
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Ben has gone to Summer Palace. （改为否定句）
____________________________________________________________________________
3. The girl has been in Guangzhou for 20 years.
(改为否定句）
(改为一般疑问句）
(划线提问)
