中考语法--形容词与副词专项讲解与练习一
Part 1 形容词
一、定义及作用
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。
Lucy is a clever girl .（作定语）
Lucy is clever.（作表语）
The rich should help the poor. (作主语)
二、形容词的分类及用法
1.形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
2.叙述形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。
（错）He is an ill man.
（对） .
（错）She is an afraid girl.
（对） .
3）形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。想一想，什么是不定代词呢？
如：something nice
..我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
.我的自行车出了点问题。
Exercise 1
1. ---Where would you like to go
---Warm places! You know, I don’t like to go ___.
A. cold somewhere B. cold anywhere C. somewhere cold D. anywhere cold
2. He has ___________ to tell us.
A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing
3. Your classroom is so dirty. Everyone should keep it ______.
A. dry B. open C. clean D. quiet
4. ---Where did you go on holiday this summer England
---You are _________. We went on a 10-day tour to Paris.
A. funny B. right C. cool D. close
2. 以-ly结尾的形容词
1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如happily, heavily. 但有些以ly结尾的单词如 friendly，，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，仍为形容词。
改错： (错） She sang lovely.
（对） .
（错） He spoke to me very friendly.
（对） .
2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。如：daily，weekly，monthly，early
I got up early to catch the early bus.
3．用形容词表示类别和整体
1） the+形容词：指一类人，与动词的复数连接。
如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry
.年轻人应该照顾老人。
2） the加国家和民族的形容词：指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
4．多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词（包括冠词、人称代词、指示代词等）+大小+形状+性质或状态+颜色+年龄或新旧+材料或种类+来源+名词。
口诀：“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”
There are a few big round new black French wooden tables in the room.
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
一张小圆桌
一座灰色的高楼
一件有旧又脏的棕色t恤衫
Exercise 2
一、看一看下面句中形容词的用法，注意它的位置哦！并完成后面的句子。
1. It’s a cold and windy day.
2. Would you like something hot to drink
3. The man is ill.
4. She looks very now. (happily, happy)
5. He gives to you. (interesting, something)
6. The old man very . (lonely, feel)
7. The giraffe .(be, tall)
8. She is always a . (girl, happy)
二、写出下列形容词的反义词。
1. long→ slow→ interesting→
2. high→ ugly→ expensive→
3. big→ white→ wet→
4. good→ difficult→ young→
5. heavy→ fat→ strong→
6. cold→ clean→ sad→
三、易混淆形容词
1. –ed形容词和-ing形容词
I’m interested in reading interesting books.
我对阅读有意思的书很感兴趣
I’m excited to see the exciting movie.
看到那部令人兴奋的电影我很兴奋。
I’m because he gives me a present.
我很惊讶，因为他给我一个令人惊讶的礼物。
I feel so because of the film.
因为这个无聊的电影，我感到很无聊。
总结：–ed类形容词用来形容人，-ing类形容词用来形容物。
2. 四好形容词
good 形容词
电影、书记等某种东西的内容好，表示人品好，善良等。
如：This is a good book.
fine 形容词
天气好，气质好等。
如：It’s a fine day.
nice 形容词
“令人喜悦的，讨人喜爱的”人、味道、言语、天气等。
如：Nice to meet you!
well 形容词、副词
形容词时指身体健康
如：--How are you --I’m very well.
副词表好
如：He can speak English well.
Exercise 3
用fine, nice, good或well填空。
1. She is a girl.
2. She draws .
3. My grandpa is very strong. He feels very .
4. What’s the weather like today It’s very .
5. What a watch it is!
选词填空
1. Jim feels very __________ to watch the ________ football match. (excitedly; excited; exciting)
2. She is ________ at the result. (surprising; surprised)
3.My mother is very strict，she makes me very ________（tired；tiring）
四、形容词的常见句式
有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定时。
1. 人+be+ 形容词+to do sth.
如：I’m glad to be here. 我很高兴来到这里。
我很抱歉告诉你这个坏消息。
你真好，来帮助我。
他害怕晚上出去。
I’m ready to study hard. 我准备好努力学习了。
Are you able to do it by yourself 你能自己做好这项工作吗？
我的句子：
4. It’s + 形容词+to do sth.
It is difficult to make a perfect plan. 要做一个完美的计划很难。
学好英语是很重要的。
说起来容易做起来难。
Part 2 副词
一、定义：
修饰动词、形容词、副词的词，表示时间、地点、程度、状态等。
如：Luckily, she had got another chance.
She runs fast.
Lcuy is very clever.
Who is over there？
2、副词的分类和位置：
分类 代表副词 通常位置 例句
时间副词 now, then, yesterday, soon 句首或句尾 Yesterday he went home on foot. I’m going to go fishing tomorrow.
地点副词 here, there, down, everywhere, up 句首或句尾 I went to your home, but you weren’t in.
频率副词 always＞usually＞often ＞sometimes ＞seldom never 行为动词之后，be动词之前 She often goes to movies. He plays basketball twice a week.
方式副词 well, fast, hard, carefully 在修饰的形容词和动词之后 I read very slowly. He draws very well.
程度副词 very, much, even, so, too 在修饰的形容词之前 This kind of paper feels very soft. The man is too fat.
疑问副词 how, when, why 句首 How do you get to school
Exercise 4
完成句子
1）They to the party. (go, sometimes)
2） do you do it well (How)
3）The little boy can by himself. (there, go)
4）The girl now. (hard, study)
3、区别与形容词同形的副词与带-ly 副词
一般说来，与形容词同形的副词通常表示具体情况，而带-ly 副词一般表示抽象概念
分组 副词 意思 例句
1） close 空间距离上近
closely 仔细地
2） deep 深（空间深度）
deeply 深深地（感情上的深度）
3） wide 空间宽度上宽
widely 广泛地，在许多地方
4） high 空间高度的高
highly 高度，程度高
有时两者的意义相差很大，如：hard与hardly
hard做副词，意为“努力地”，而hardly意为“几乎不”。
However, I hardly have any time for my hobbies .
.如果你努力学习，你能够回答这个问题。
4、有时副词意思相近，但是修饰的成份不同，如：very, much, very much
very, much 和very much 都有“非常”的意思。very修饰形容词、副词原级；much用于修饰比较级；very much 用于修饰动词。
He is not very tall.
My new computer is much faster than the old one.
I miss you very much.
5、辨析：alone, lonely
alone做副词独自 的意思，不含感彩；lonely是形容词，“寂寞“的意思，有浓厚的感彩。
He came alone. 他独自来的。
She has no friend and she feels lonely.她感到很孤独。
. 她独自居住，但是她不感到寂寞。
Exercise 5
一.单项选择。
1. We didn’t climb the mountains because it was raining .
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
2. He learns Russian .
A. good B. nice C. well D. fine
3. He works very . He has a rest on Sundays.
A. hard, hardly B. hardly, hard C. hard, hard D. hardly, hardly
4. When the famous singer started to sing, everyone began to shout very .
A. loud B. loudly C. high D. heavily
5. He works ______.
A. lone B. lonely C. alone D. alonely
6、四大也人
Lucy has an apple. Lily has an apple, too.
Lucy doesn’t have an apple. Lily doesn’t have, either.
Lucy has an apple. Lily also has an apple.
Lucy has an apple and Lily has an apple as well.
Exercise 6
1）I'll go to see the film， ．
2）If you don't come here，I shouldn't， ．
3）Jack can speak Chinese，and his brother can speak Chinese．
4）He knows Chinese
enough足够地：名前形副后
She is old enough to go to school.
I don’t have enough money to buy iphone 6
Exercise 7
足够多的食物________________________ 足够简单________________________
足够有趣________________________ 足够快________________________
How to use
1. 形容词和副词的基本概念及用法
2. 比较特殊的几组形容词和副词
Exercise 6
选择正确的词填空。
1. The boy doesn’t work as__________ as the girl. (hard, hardly)
2. The __________ child is eating __________. (hungry, hungrily)
3. She likes animals. I like animals , . (too, either)
4. He doesn’t want to go there now. I don’t want to go there, __________. (too, either)
5. He looks __________ at these maths problems. (careful, carefully)
6. This one is __________ better than that one. (very, much )
7. Have you finished your homework__________ (yet, already)
8. He is not __________ to go to school by himself. (old enough, enough old)
9. He can run__________ fast. (very, much )
10. She likes the presents __________. (very, very much)中考语法--形容词与副词专项讲解与练习一
Part 1 形容词
一、定义及作用
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。
Lucy is a clever girl .（作定语）
Lucy is clever.（作表语）
The rich should help the poor. (作主语)
二、形容词的分类及用法
1.形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
2.叙述形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。
（错）He is an ill man.
（对）He is ill.
（错）She is an afraid girl.
（对）The girl is afraid.
3）形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。想一想，什么是不定代词呢？
如：something nice
I have something important to tell you ..我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
There is something wrong with my bike我的自行车出了点问题。
Exercise 1
1. ---Where would you like to go
---Warm places! You know, I don’t like to go ___.
A. cold somewhere B. cold anywhere C. somewhere cold D. anywhere cold
2. He has ___________ to tell us.
A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing
3. Your classroom is so dirty. Everyone should keep it ______.
A. dry B. open C. clean D. quiet
4. ---Where did you go on holiday this summer England
---You are _________. We went on a 10-day tour to Paris.
A. funny B. right C. cool D. close
2. 以-ly结尾的形容词
1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如happily, heavily. 但有些以ly结尾的单词如 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
改错：(错） She sang lovely.
（错） He spoke to me very friendly.
（对） Her singing was lovely.
（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
3．用形容词表示类别和整体
1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
4．多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词（包括冠词、人称代词、指示代词等）+大小+形状+性质或状态+颜色+年龄或新旧+材料或种类+来源+名词。
口诀法：“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”
注：
“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；
“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；
“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；
“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；
“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；
“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“
木”代表“物质、材料
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
There are a few big round black new wooden French tables in the room.
Exercise 2
一、看一看下面句中形容词的用法，注意它的位置哦！并完成后面的句子。
1. It’s a cold and windy day.
2. Would you like something hot to drink
3. The man is ill.
4. She looks very happy now. (happily, happy)
5. He gives something interesting to you. (interesting, something)
6. The old man feels very lonely. (lonely, feel)
7. The giraffe is tall .(be, tall)
8. She is always a happy girl . (girl, happy)
二、写出下列形容词的反义词。
1. long→ short slow→ quick/fast interesting→ boring
2. high→ low ugly→ beautiful expensive→ cheap
3. big→ small white→ black wet→ dry
4. good→ bad difficult→ easy young→ old
5. heavy→ light fat→ thin strong→ weak
6. cold→ warm clean→ dirty sad→ happy
三、易混淆形容词
1. –ed形容词和-ing形容词
I’m interested in reading interesting books.
我对阅读有意思的书很感兴趣
I’m excited to see the exciting movie.
看到那部令人兴奋的电影我很兴奋。
I’m because he gives me a present.
我很惊讶，因为他给我一个令人惊讶的礼物。
I feel so because of the film.
因为这个无聊的电影，我感到很无聊。
总结：–ed类形容词用来形容人，-ing类形容词用来形容物。
2. 四好形容词
good 形容词
电影、书记等某种东西的内容好，表示人品好，善良等。
如：This is a good book.
fine 形容词
天气好，气质好等。
如：It’s a fine day.
nice 形容词
“令人喜悦的，讨人喜爱的”人、味道、言语、天气等。
如：Nice to meet you!
well 形容词、副词
形容词时指身体健康
如：--How are you --I’m very well.
副词表好
如：He can speak English well.
Exercise 3
用fine, nice, good或well填空。
1. She is a girl. good, nice
2. She draws . well
3. My grandpa is very strong. He feels very . good
4. What’s the weather like today It’s very . nice
5. What a watch it is! nice
选词填空
1. Jim feels very excited to watch the exciting football match. (excitedly; excited; exciting)
2. She is surprised at the result. (surprising; surprised)
3.My mother is very strict，she makes me very tired（tired；tiring）
四、形容词的常见句式
有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定时。
1. 人+be+ 形容词+to do sth.
如：I’m glad to be here. 我很高兴来到这里。
我很抱歉告诉你这个坏消息。 I’m sorry to tell you the bad news.
你真好，来帮助我。 It’s nice of you to help me.
他害怕晚上出去。 He is afraid to go outside at night.
I’m ready to study hard. 我准备好努力学习了。
Are you able to do it by yourself 你能自己做好这项工作吗？
我的句子：
4. It’s + 形容词+to do sth.
It is difficult to make a perfect plan. 要做一个完美的计划很难。
学好英语是很重要的。 It’s important to learn English well.
说起来容易做起来难。 It’s difficult to say than do.
Part 2 副词
一、定义：
副词是说明事情发生的时间、地点、程度、方式等含义，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的一类词，在句中可以作状语、表语、定语等。
如：Luckily, she had got another chance. (作状语)
Sorry, I have to be off right now. (作表语)
Who is the person over there (作定语)
2、副词的分类和位置：
分类 代表副词 通常位置 例句
时间副词 now, then, yesterday, soon 句首或句尾 Yesterday he went home on foot. I’m going to go fishing tomorrow.
地点副词 here, there, down, everywhere, up 句首或句尾 I went to your home, but you weren’t in.
频率副词 always＞usually＞often ＞sometimes ＞seldom never 行为动词之后，be动词之前 She often goes to movies. He plays basketball twice a week.
方式副词 well, fast, hard, carefully 在修饰的形容词和动词之后 I read very slowly. He draws very well.
程度副词 very, much, even, so, too 在修饰的形容词之前 This kind of paper feels very soft. The man is too fat.
疑问副词 how, when, why 句首 How do you get to school
Exercise 4
一、看一看下面句中副词的用法，注意它的位置哦！并完成后面的句子。
1）They sometimes go to the party. (go, sometimes)
2）How do you do it well (How)
3）The little boy can go there by himself. (there, go)
4）The girl studies hard now. (hard, study)
3、区别与形容词同形的副词与带-ly 副词
一般说来，与形容词同形的副词通常表示具体情况，而带-ly 副词一般表示抽象概念
分组 副词 意思 例句
1 close 空间距离上近 He is sitting close to me.
closely 仔细地 Watch him closely.
2 deep 深（空间深度） He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
deeply 深深地（感情上的深度） Even father was deeply moved by the film.
3 wide 空间宽度上宽 He opened the door wide.
widely 广泛地，在许多地方 English is widely used in the world.
4 high 空间高度的高 The plane was flying high.
highly 高度，程度高 I think highly of your opinion.
有时两者的意义相差很大，如：hard与hardly
hard做副词，意为“努力地”，而hardly意为“几乎不”。
However, I hardly have any time for my hobbies .
.如果你努力学习，你能够回答这个问题。
4、有时副词意思相近，但是修饰的成份不同，如：very, much, very much
very, much 和very much 都有“非常”的意思。very修饰形容词、副词原级；much用于修饰比较级；very much 用于修饰动词。
He is not very tall.
My new computer is much faster than the old one.
I miss you very much.
5、辨析：alone, lonely
alone做副词独自 的意思，不含感彩；lonely是形容词，“寂寞“的意思，有浓厚的感彩。
He came alone. 他独自来的。
She has no friend and she feels lonely.她感到很孤独。
. 她独自居住，但是她不感到寂寞。
She lives alone, but she doesn’t feel lonely.
Exercise 5
一 ．单项选择。
1.）We didn’t climb the mountains because it was raining .
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
2） He learns Russian .
A. good B. nice C. well D. fine
3） He works very . He has a rest on Sundays.
A. hard, hardly B. hardly, hard C. hard, hard D. hardly, hardly
4.）When the famous singer started to sing, everyone began to shout very .
A. loud B. loudly C. high D. heavily
5.）He works ______.
A. lone B. lonely C. alone D. Alonely
6、四大也人
Lucy has an apple. Lily has an apple, too.
Lucy doesn’t have an apple. Lily doesn’t have, either.
Lucy has an apple. Lily also has an apple.
Lucy has an apple and Lily has an apple as well.
Exercise 6
1）I'll go to see the film， . too
2）If you don't come here，I shouldn't, . either
3）Jack can speak Chinese，and his brother can speak Chinese. also
4）He knows Chinese . as well
enough足够地：名前形副后
She is old enough to go to school.
I don’t have enough money to buy iphone 6
Exercise 7
足够多的食物________________________ 足够简单________________________
足够有趣________________________ 足够快________________________
enough food esay enough interesting enough fast enough
How to use
1. 形容词和副词的基本概念及用法
2. 比较特殊的几组形容词和副词
Exercise 6
选择正确的词填空。
1. The boy doesn’t work as____hard______ as the girl. (hard, hardly)
2. The ___hungry,_______ child is eating ___hungrily___. (hungry, hungrily)
3. She likes animals. I like animals , too . (too, either)
4. He doesn’t want to go there now. I don’t want to go there, __either___. (too, either)
5. He looks ___carefully_______ at these maths problems. (careful, carefully)
6. This one is _much_________ better than that one. (very, much )
7. Have you finished your homework__yet________ (yet, already)
8. He is not __old enough,________ to go to school by himself. (old enough, enough old)
9. He can run____very______ fast. (very, much )
10. She likes the presents _very much__. (very, very much)
