完形填空规律归纳—评价单
班级: 组名: 姓名: 时间:
课题:完形填空专题
一、本单元语法体系:高考难点(C)共230字,请同学们用时3分钟阅读完成。
1.概念性问题解读 (Concept)
一、完形填空
完形填空综合性较强,考查考生在篇章整体理解的前提下的语言基础知识综合运用的能力。可以说是一种高难度的阅读理解。
完形填空是一种综合测试,涉及的知识面很广,是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。它要求学生不仅要熟练掌握语法知识结构,词语的用法特点和短语的搭配习惯,还必须具有良好的阅读能力和较强的分析判断能力,能从语篇水平角度出发,贯通上下文,既要考虑形式上的完整,又要考虑意义上的完整,找到正确答案。
二、课标解读:(C)
完形填空是高考中拉开学生档次的必做题型,每套题都有该题型。该题型旨在考查学生的阅读理解能力。它综合性较强,全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和语言水平。
三、高考定位:(C)
在目前的英语高考150分中,完形填空共20小题满分30分,占总分的1/5.
四、专题讲解:高考重点问题(C)20分钟自主完成5分钟讨论5分钟分组展示解决有疑问的问题。
近几年的完形填空体裁多为夹叙夹议的文章或说明文。题材广泛,涉及日常生活、社会人文、人物故事等,它的命题原则是“以实词为主,虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化”。选文不长,一般为一篇240-280单词的短文,全国卷和新课标卷都是设20个空格,设空平均间距为13个词左右。短文内容逻辑性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明。文章一般是从交待背景开始,渐次推进,直至高潮,然后是结局,之后,往往有作者的观点或看法,条理十分清楚。
请比较近两年的高考题:
2011全国
新课标卷
2010新课标卷、全国I
文章长度
203 (词)
253 (词)
设 空
20 (个)
20 (个)
最大间距
22(词)
33 (词)
最小间距
4 (词)
4 (词)
平均间距
10.5 (词)
15.5 (词)
阅 读 量
310 (词)
333 (词)
参考给时
15-20 (分)
15-20 (分)
语速要求
20.7 (wpm )
22.5 (wpm )
近几年完形填空选项设计的一个显著特点是以考查实词为主、虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化,多集中在动词、名词、形容词和副词等实词上(约占90%), 要求考生完整确切理解全文; 在此基础上进行词的选择,强调解题的思维过程,属于逻辑型试题
2007——2011完形填空考点
统计一览表
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
合计
比例
名词
4
4
8
5
7
28
28%
动词及短语
10
9
7
8
10
44
44%
形容词、副词
5
7
5
6
3
26
26%
代词
1
1
1%
连词
1
1
1%
文章选材一般为夹叙夹议的记叙文,常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写,具有哲理性和教育意义,篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。请看近三年高考完形填空的题材特点:
09年宁夏、海南、全国
I卷
2010年新课标卷、全国I卷
2011年新课标卷
题材话题
《金银岛》一书是如何构思而来的
一位八旬老人五年来一直默默呵护着痴呆的老伴。
叙述个人经历,由教授貌似深入浅出的讲解,到对学生的负面影响
体裁特征
第三人称叙述故事
第一人称叙述故事
第三人称记叙文
总之:完形填空的文章内容贴近实际生活,常具有教育意义, 往往通过一个故、 一次经历、一则新闻、 一件生活琐事、 一次举措等, 说明一个哲理, 得出一种认识或结论, 从而使文章的灵魂得以升华。文章结尾常有心理描写,有时故事情节具有变化,结尾往往出乎预料, 故事立意发人深省。
特点对教学的指导意义
1、富有思想性和教育性;具有很强的可读性和欣赏性
2、以叙事为主、议论为辅,在一个特定故事后揭示或体现人们的生活哲理,人生价值观等。
3、难度有所增加,对理解语境和语篇的能力有较高的要求。学生若不能整体把握文章大意,局限于一句话或一个词,理解则会出现偏差,就不能正确领会作者的写作意图,
4、比如第44、45、46、48题对学生有很大的迷惑性。命题人着重考查考生对语意、语境、语篇的深层次理解,并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上,正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系。
Twenty years later, the __43__could guess what the professor had in mind. He __44__himself,perhaps,as inviting his students to start an exciting __45__into an unknown world invisible(无形的)to the 46 ,which can be discovered only through scientific47 .
43.A. lecturer B. scientist
C. speaker D. woman
44.A. described B. respected
C. saw D. served
45.A. voyage B. movement
C. change D. rush
46. A. professor B. eye
C. knowledge D. light
47. A. model B. senses
C. spent D. methods
5、重点考查了词汇的辨析与运用:实词、词语辨析、搭配、常识、逻辑推理的掌握情况。
6、多角度全方位地考虑:从上下文,从词义及用法,从逻辑推理,从生活常识及经验,从惯用法和搭配。
7、文章的结尾部分对于中等以下学生来说理解起来会有一定的难度,会有词语理解上的障碍,内容理解的连贯性被割裂在某种程度上也造成理解不到位,加剧了选择的困难。
But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 . The professor, however, said that it was 52 .he was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute.“ I remember feeling small and 54 ,”the women says,“ and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”
48. A. hear B. make
C. present D. refuse
49. A. suggesting B. beginning
C. pretending D. waiting
50. A. believed B. doubted
C. proved D. explained
51. A. growth B. strength
C. faith D. truth
52. A. firm B. interesting
C. wrong D. acceptable
53. A. task B. tool
C. success D. connection
54. A. cruel B. proud
C. frightened D. brave
55. A. dropped B. started
C. passed D. missed
8、教师应该帮助学生提高阅读理解的深度,强化学生对一些问题的思考和认识,如;人生观、生活观、工作观、情感观等等。引导并强化学生对人类心理活动轨迹及习惯的认识。
在高考前二轮复习具体做法:除每周做的套题里的完形练习之外,平均每两天做一篇完形填空,以近五年的高考题为主,每次用时约17-20分钟。做完统计自己的准确率。记住自己做错的地方,为什么错了,下次引起注意。
以高考试题的类型为单位进行分类训练。重点强化和提高各种题型的解题技巧和能力。
五、 完形填空题的复习注意事项:
1、材料的精准性很重要,拿到的材料务必要悉心地甄别筛选,只有挑选典型的完形填空试题供学生练习才能节省时间和精力。
最后复读检查全文时
注意以下三点
上下文的一致性:即时态语态的一致;代词、名词、单复数的一致。
从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手,看是否符合上下文的逻辑。
3. 段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。
Now I__realize_(51) that in marriages, true love is _acceptance_(52) of all that is, The happiest people don't __necessarily__ (53) have the best of everything;
52. A. agreement B. expression
C. acceptance D. exhibition
53. A. necessarily B. completely
C. naturally D. frequently
2009年
So thanks to a 54 September in Scotland a friend with a wooden leg and the imagination of a twelve-year-old boy we have one of the greatest 55 stories in the English language.
54.A.rainy B.sunny
C.cool D.windy
55.A.news B.love
C.real-life D.adventure
2008年
After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own. All went 38 the first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily 39 the tables not far from the kitchen. 40 ,I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays (托盘). (第一段记叙)
Since then, I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just 54 described. I have learned to be more 55 careful and not to be too sure of myself.
(最后一段感想)
句子
Robert had a good friend named Henley, who walked around with the 50 of a wooden leg.
A. help B. problem
C. use D. bottom
2. 句组
You aren’t a soldier. You aren’t even carrying a gun. You are standing in front of a ______ and you are telling the TV _____ what is happening.
crowd B. house
C. battlefield D. camera
producers B. viewers
C. directors D. actors
They can grow into place normally and 39 cause a problem. But often there is not enough 40 for them in the mouth. They might 41 the other teeth. Sometimes they even push through the gums (牙龈,牙床)sideways.
39. A. often B. frequently
C. never D. Nearly
40. A. food B. room C. time D. Water
41. A. fight B. help C. clean D. crowd
Experts say people should have their 45 examined between the ages of sixteen and twenty for placement of their wisdom teeth. 46 can show wisdom teeth below the 47 .
45. A. head B. mouths C. tooth D. Tongue
46. A. X-ray B. cameras C. films D. Mirrors
47. A. lines B. surface C. teeth D. gums
3. 篇章
Having taught in __21__ for 17 years, I had no doubt about my ability to hold their attention …
21. A. the UK B. the USA
C. China D. Australia
I have learned a lot, and my experience with my Chinese students has made me a _39_ (better) American teacher, knowing how to teach in a different _40_ (culture).
逻辑关系及语境意义选择题占多数。大多数选项的答案要通过段落甚至全文来找到,也就是说只读懂设空所在句子便可找到答案的题仅占少数, 这种题通常是常识性的题。
另外:在突出语篇的同时,偶尔考查词汇用法以及一些固定搭配,因此要求考生注重语篇阅读的同时,也要重视对单词、短语、以及重要句型的掌握。
1.利用语言知识、常识进行判断
One day, the girl 52 into the plane, started it and soon left the 53. Seeing their mother take to the air, …
52. A. climbed B. looked C. reached D. fell
53. A. house B. floor C. water D. ground
2. 语境
No one has ever been known to escape from Devil’s Island. Thousands of prisoners died _21_ their sentences were finished. But one prisoner called Papillon was determined to get free.
A. After B. before C. until D. since
3.逻辑
He knows that his friend has a ____ family.
big B. small C. wealthy D. strange
When he got to the hospital, he saw the room was crowded with the family members. They were comforting my friend and his wife.
4. 搭配
07年:
Later , she had an 47 :
A. idea B. opinion C. explanation D. excuse
5. 短语
Seeing their mother take to the air, the birds 54 (eagerly )flapped (拍打) their wings and 55 .
A. looked away B. set out
C. went by D. turned back
08年:
I stood frozen as ice, but my face was ? 52? .
A. cold B. full of joy
C. pale D. on fire
六、做好完形填空的方法:
怎样才能做好完形填空呢?一般来说,只要我们采取以下“三步曲”,就可以提高得分率,取得好的成绩。
细读首句,通读全文,掌握大意。
完形填空的首句通常不设空,是一个完整的句子,而且往往是文章的关键句。因此它是了解文章全貌的“窗口”。通过细读首句,可以判断文章的体裁,推测作者的立意。如果首句中交待了when,where,who,what等项目,那么文章就可能是记叙文,很可能是一个故事;如果首句提出了一个事物,那么文章就可能是说明文;如果开门见山提出了一个论点,那就是议论文。
细读首句后,快速通读全文,把握大意。了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构以及情节发展的前因后果,同时要对填空部分进行猜测,这样的快速阅读需要三、四分钟完成。
二、逐句细读、瞻前顾后、选项填空。
在掌握文章大意的基础上,学生可以逐句细读,随时设想所遇空中应出现的内容,边读边选择答案。选择时既要语法正确,还要词意贴切,这就要求学生要注意到上下文的联系,尤其是注意到上下文的重复用词或同近义词。在阅读过程中,有的空的答案会在脑海中浮现,有的还感觉蛮有把握,但不要急于下定论,要摈弃就一空论一空的思想,不要因为想省时间,看一点做一点,这样势必欲速则不达,有时甚至一空选错,接连几空都选错,所以做完形填空时要逐句阅读,还得能对下文的联系部分有期待感,即瞻前顾后,首尾照应。
有的空在语境清楚明确的情况下,也不容易选出正确的答案,这些空设计的目的是考查学生对同近义词的辨析能力和文章前后连贯的把握能力,只有把上下文语境的理解及对词的用法结合起来,才能更准确地做出选择,这一步骤根据文章难易程度一般需要十到十二、三分钟时间。
三、代入答案、复读全文、调整修改。
复读全文不是浪费时间,是做完形填空必不可少的环节。将已经选出的选项填入空中,完整地再把文章读一遍,如果遇到不畅之处,必有疑点,这时就得思考调整答案,以上下文、前后逻辑关系一致为调整依据。如果对个别选项仍掌握不准,坚持自己的第一感觉,这一步骤要在三分钟内完成。
做到以上“三步曲”,也就是说在做完形填空时要把文章读三遍。对于一篇文章,三遍阅读的环节做到位了,选项的正确率就提高了。诚然,这并不是固定的解题技巧,要做好完形填空还要靠平时词汇、短语、句型等的积累和良好语感的培养,要在扎实的基本功的基础上,对此类题型经常归纳分析,只有这样,才能应付自如,水到渠成。
帮助你做好完形的顺口溜:
● 研读首尾----抓主题
● 上下联系----寻信息
● 左顾右盼----找搭配
● 思前想后----觅逻辑
● 语境分析----辨词义
● 集中精力----破难题
● 回读检查----补漏洞
六、感悟提升:(方法总结)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、评价 (Evaluation)
自我评价: A.完全会的: B不完全会的:
C.全不会的:
学科长评价: 优 良 中