课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Her assessment(assess) is based on the proposition that power corrupts.
2．It is their responsibility(responsible) to ensure that the rules are enforced.
3．He was well respected(respect) for his devotion to charity work.
4．Never in her life had she felt so alone，so abandoned(abandon)．
5．She considers that it is too early to form a definite conclusion(conclude)．
6．He received a severe reprimand for his behaviour(behave)．
7．The accident was caused by an error of judgement(judge)on the part of the pilot.
8．He fears the exposure(expose) of his underground political activity.
9．They are unlikely to extract much benefit from the trip.
10．We are working on the assumption(assume) that it is a gas explosion.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families.But it seems that four out of five young people now get on well with their parents，which is the opposite of the popularly held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it had ever been in the past.“We were surprised by just how positive today's young people seem to be about their families，” said one member of the research team.“They're expected to be rebellious(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds: they want a car and material goods，and they worry about whether school is serving them well.There's more negotiation(商议) and discussion between parents and children，and children expect to take part in the family decision making process.They don't want to rock the boat.”
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends.“My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me，” says 17 year old Daniel Lazall.“I always tell them when I'm going out clubbing.As long as they know what I'm doing，they're fine with me.” Susan Crome，who is now 21，agrees.“Looking back on the last 10 years，there was a lot of what you could call negotiation.For example，as long as I'd done all my homework，I could go out on a Saturday night.But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected.It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion(反抗) is not rooted in real facts.A researcher comments，“Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings.But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled.The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一个重要的新研究表明： 与三十年前的父母相比，现在的父母给孩子更多的自由；这一代的父母更有可能像朋友一样对待自己的孩子，所以他们的家庭生活比以往过去的任何时候都更加和谐。
1．According to the author，teenage rebellion ．
A．may be a false belief
B．is common nowadays
C．existed only in the 1960s
D．resulted from changes in families
A [推理判断题。根据第四段“It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts(青少年叛逆可能不是事实)”推出“may be a false belief”。故选A。]
2．The study shows that teenagers don't want to ．
A．share family responsibility
B．cause trouble in their families
C．go boating with their family
D．make family decisions
B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There's more negotiation and discussion between parents and children，and children expect to take part in the family decision making process.They don't want to rock the boat.”看出“孩子们与父母讨论协商，期待参与家庭一些决策，但他们不想rock the boat”，意思是to do sth.that upsets a situation and causes problems(捣乱，惹麻烦)，推出答案B。]
3．Compared with parents of 30 years ago，today's parents ．
A．go to clubs more often with their children
B．are much stricter with their children
C．care less about their children's life
D．give their children more freedom
D [细节理解题。根据文章第三段所给的一些事例及“But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”可知与30年前的父母相比，现在的父母给他们的孩子更多的自由，所以选D。]
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Negotiation in family.
B．Education in family.
C．Harmony in family.
D．Teenage trouble in family.
C [主旨大意题。根据文章第一句(本文的主题句)，可知这篇文章主要讲了家庭的和谐问题，所以选C。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
Yesterday，a salesman called me by phone，on behalf of a telecommunication company，to sell his phone plans.I was at work and while I usually don't 1 to spend time with those conversations，I 2 myself that I couldn't talk yet and proposed him to call me back one hour later，at 6 pm.
That's what he did.So we 3 for 15 minutes.He explained his different phone plans to me，which were stated to be better than my 4 one.While listening to him，sometimes I was lost in my thoughts.I gave several “hmm hmm”，as a 5 of approbation (赞同) and to 6 to him that I was still there.Sometimes，I felt a bit 7 ，especially as he had a bit of difficulty in correctly talking in French.But I stayed calm and 8 until the end of the discussion.
At the end of the conversation，he 9 the following to me: “Thank you，Olivier.You are the first person in a long time，with whom I had a(n) 10 conversation.Usually，people 11 at us，insult us，and treat us as thieves.Today，since 10 am，I hadn't had a(n) 12 without an offense.I know you had a long day at work and you could have 13 in front of your TV or done something else.Instead，you listened carefully to me.I am 14 and I sincerely thank you.I wanted to tell it to you.”
I thanked him for this revelation.I realized how much he could have been the subject of verbal 15 ，all through his working days.Yet，he was only doing his job.I hope he will have a good weekend.
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了作者跟一位销售员的电话通话，作者出于礼貌的回应以及倾听，令这位销售员非常感动。
1．A.forget B．pretend
C．like D．dare
C [while“虽然”，表示转折关系，结合下文“I myself that I couldn't talk yet”以不能说话为借口，可知，我不喜欢将时间花在这些谈话上，故选C项。]
2．A.comforted B．excused
C．reminded D．convinced
B [结合上文，我不喜欢这类谈话，需要给自己找个借口拒绝打电话的人。故选B项。]
3．A.talked B．argued
C．waited D．rested
A [根据上文“That's what he did.”他那样做了。由此可知，销售员“依约”下午6点打来电话，那么我跟他应该是交谈15分钟。故选A项。]
4．A.previous B．useless
C．favorite D．current
D [根据上文“to sell his phone plans”销售自己的电话计划，由此可知，对方是想向我推销，希望作者购买，所以他说比我现在用的好。故选D项。]
5．A.sign B．result
C．reward D．rule
A [根据上文“While listening to him，sometimes I was lost in my thoughts.”我一边听，一边又陷入自己的思绪中。由此可知，我没有在认真听，但(可能出于礼貌)我依然以 “嗯嗯”回应，作为对对方的认可，当然也是向他证明我在(听)。a sign of...意为“……的标志”符合题意。故选A项。]
6．A.whisper B．lie
C．explain D．confirm
D [根据上题可知，我“嗯嗯”的回应就是想让他知道我在听，向他证明我在听他说。故选D项。]
7．A.guilty B．impatient
C．nervous D．confused
B [结合上文，作者并没有认真听，只是在敷衍。再根据下文“as he had a bit of difficulty in correctly talking in French”他在正确用法语表述方面有点困难时。可知，我本来就不喜欢这样的电话，对方再表达不清楚不准确，这样我自然会不耐烦。故选B项。]
8．A.silent B．polite
C．indifferent D．focused
B [根据上文的描述，我不喜欢这样的电话还是和销售员交谈了15分钟，而且接电话过程也一直在回应。再根据逻辑连接词“but”，可知空格处和上文“不耐烦”是转折，综合可以判断，我是一直保持冷静和礼貌。故选B项。]
9．A.revealed B．recommended
C．promised D．introduced
A [根据最后一段开头的“I thanked him for this revelation.”我感谢他向我透露的自己的遭遇。由此可知，这里是谈话结束时，销售员将自己的遭遇透露给作者。故选A项。]
10．A.awkward B．enjoyable
C．usual D．brief
B [根据下文“ Usually，people at us，insult us，and treat us as thieves.Today，since 10 am，I hadn't had a(n) without an offense.”通常，人们侮辱我们，把我们当小偷。今天，从上午10点开始，我没有哪一句话不受到侮辱。由此可知，销售员和其他人打电话时，没受到过尊重，再根据上文可知，我在和销售员聊天时，一直很有礼貌，所以销售员向我表示感激，认为跟我聊天很愉快。故选B项。]
11．A.wave B．signal
C．point D．shout
D [结合下文的“insult us，and treat us as thieves”侮辱我们，把我们当小偷，可见平常销售员们遭遇的都是非善意回应，结合选项意思，shout at...“朝……嚷”，符合题意。故选D项。]
12．A.interview B．order
C．conversation D．quarrel
C [根据上文“spend time with those conversations”、“At the end of the conversation”以及“with whom I had a(n) conversation”可知，conversation是原词复现，以及销售员是通过电话跟人交谈进行销售，故选C项。]
13．A.worked B．relaxed
C．complained D．slept
B [工作了一天，在电视前看看电视是放松的一种方式。故选B项。]
14．A.disturbed B．embarrassed
C．exhausted D．touched
D [根据上文“Instead，you listened carefully to me.”你认真听我说话。结合上文语境，销售员收到了非善意的回应，可知我的认真倾听让销售员很感动。故选D项。]
15．A.violence B．communication
C．agreement D．conflict
A [结合上文“Usually，people at us，insult us，and treat us as thieves.”通常人们会对我们大声嚷，侮辱我们，当我们是小偷。由此可知，销售员是语言暴力的对象，故选A项。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
I had stopped at a gas station the other day to fill up.I noticed a woman with two children 1.________(stand) outside her car.She seemed to be upset on her phone and appeared 2.________(tear)．After I filled my tank，I walked by and asked 3.________ everything was OK.She explained to me that her car battery died and the kids' father didn't get off work for another two 4.________(hour)．I could have just expressed some 5.________(sympathetic) and walked away，but instead I mentioned that I had jumper cables(充电电线)and could give them a start.I drove up next 6.________ her and connected the cables.7.________waiting for the charge，I gave her and the kids some drinks.20 minutes later，I had her car 8.________(start) and the young lady was in tears.She told me that since moving here，no one 9.________(show) her the kindness that she'd received today.I told her I was happy to help and she wanted to get my number to repay me.I told her the 10.________(good) thing she could do was pay it forward.The kids gave me a big “Thank you” and they were on their way.
【语篇解读】 作者讲述自己在加油站帮一位带着两个孩子的女士修车而不计回报的故事。
1．standing [由notice sb.doing sth.(注意到某人正在做某事)可知，用现在分词作宾补。]
2．tearful [根据前面的appear可知此处用形容词形式。]
3．if/whether [引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，用if或whether。]
4．hours [空格前有two，两个小时，故用复数hours。]
5．sympathy [作express的宾语，用名词，故填sympathy。]
6．to [next to“紧靠……旁边”是固定搭配。]
7．While [本句是while引导的一个省略句，省略了I was。]
8．started [句意：作者帮女士启动了汽车，也就是汽车被启动，故用have sth.done“使某物被……”结构，填过去分词started。]
9．had shown [show的动作发生在told之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。]
10．best [根据语境可知此处表示“最好的事情”，因此用最高级。]
1/7Section Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.stimulate A．n.境况，状况；情况，情形
( )2.assess B．n.定义，释义
( )3.vital C．adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
( )4.shadow D．adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
( )5.inefficient E．vi.&vt.奉献，捐献
( )6.analysis F．adj.效率低的
( )7.brilliant G．n.分析
( )8.circumstance H．n.阴影
( )9.contribute I．vt.to make a judgement
about the nature or quality of sb./sth.
( )10.definition J．vt.to make sth.develop or become
more active
[答案] 1－5 JIDHF 6－10 GCAEB
B．短语匹配
( )1.in conclusion A．违背；反对
( )2.regardless of B．换句话说
( )3.to start with C．最后
( )4.go against D．提出
( )5.put forward E．不管；不顾
( )6.in other words F．首先；开始
[答案] 1－6 CEFADB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．pursue vt. 追求
2．insight n. 洞察力；顿悟
3．moral adj. 道德(上)的
4．economics n. 经济学
5．respectively adv. 各自地
6．demonstrate vt. 展示；说明
7．worthy adj. 有价值的；值得尊敬的
8．primitive adj. 原始的
9．urge vt. 强烈要求；敦促
10．abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃
Ⅰ.语境填空
stimulate；expose；pursue；civilisation；abandon；contribute；demonstrate；worthy；definition；analysis
1．He continued to pursue his goal of becoming an actor.
2．This information is only raw data and will need further analysis．
3．The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of remark.
4．Parents should give children books that stimulate them.
5．Can you give a more precise definition of the word
6．The three sons also contribute to the family business.
7．The report exposes the injustices of the system.
8．The study also demonstrated a direct link between obesity and mortality.
9．Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
10．In short，success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．It is said that he has been dismissed for being inefficient(efficient)．
2．A good diet is beneficial(benefit)to health.
3．Eyes twitch randomly in response to stimulation(stimulate) from the brain stem.
4．He achieved his aim more by luck than judgement(judge)．
5．His behaviour(behave) towards her was becoming more and more aggressive.
6．I've come to the conclusion(conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
7．She feels a strong sense of responsibility(responsible)towards her employees.
8．There is little assessment(assess) of the damage to the natural environment.
9．You can use a microwave or cook it in a conventional(convention)oven.
10．It's good to be back in civilisation(civil)after two weeks in a tent.
1．However，in the 17th century when Francis Bacon (1561—1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge，he was going against the views of the day.
然而，17世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根(1561—1626)提出用这种思考方式获取知识时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。
2．At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei (1564—1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
3．The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn't want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
教会和多数人一样往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战自己一直以来相信的东西。
4．People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.
如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。
5．They understood that we don't know everything and probably never will，as this would mean a world with questions.
他们早就知道，人不可能什么都懂，而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情，也就是说世界总是充满问题的。
词语助读
①obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的
②acquire vt.学到；获得
③to start with首先；开始
④be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
⑤key adj.关键的；主要的
⑥search engine 搜索引擎
⑦analysis n．分析
⑧Francis Bacon弗朗西斯·培根，英国哲学家，英国唯物主义和现代实验科学的始祖。对归纳法做了系统的论述，被认为是归纳逻辑的创始人。
⑨go against 违背；反对
⑩rank n．等级
royal adj.皇家的；王室的
inefficient adj.效率低的
efficient adj.有效的；效率高的
worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
Galileo Galilei伽利略·伽利莱，意大利天文学家、物理学家和工程师。伽利略被称为“观测天文学之父”、“现代物理学之父”、“科学方法之父”、“现代科学之父 ”。
universe n．宇宙
church n．教会；教堂
defence n．保卫；保护；防护
tend to倾向于
ignore vt.忽视；不理睬
challenge vt.&n.挑战
primitive adj.原始的
approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准
urge vt.强烈要求；敦促
urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事
grow angry 变得生气
put sb.in prison把某人关进监狱
abandon vt.放弃；抛弃
assumption n．假定，假设
assume vt.假定；认为
respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的
inspire vt.激励；鼓舞
inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事
inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的
philosopher n．哲学家
at times有时
from time to time有时；偶尔
astronomy n．天文学
perfect adj.完美的；优秀的；极好的
constantly adv.连续地；不断地
in other words换句话说
in a word总之
wisdom n．智慧
owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于
owe...to...把……归功于……
shadow n．阴影
conventional adj.守旧的；传统的
civilisation n．文明
fight for为……斗争
beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的
be beneficial to...对……有益
mankind n．人类
原文呈现
UNDERSTANDING
It seems obvious① now how we acquire② knowledge and understanding.To start with③，we need questions.Then，to find answers[1]，we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that，we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.Although today we are more used to typing④ a few key⑤ words
zinto a search engine⑥ and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer，modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems with this type of analysis⑦—luckily for us.
[1]不定式作目的状语。
However，in the 17th century when Francis Bacon⑧(1561—1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge，he was going against⑨ the views of the day.Although Bacon held an important rank⑩ in King James' royal court of England，his true interest was not the day to day，slow and inefficient working style of the government，but the worthy search for knowledge.This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days.At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei (1564—1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe ”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence .The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn't want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.In fact，when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe，instead of believing him，people chose to believe views that were almost 2，000 years old！[2]
[2]when引导时间状语从句；第一个that引导宾语从句，作prove的宾语；第二个that引导同位语从句，解释views的内容。
It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384－322 BCE)．[3]He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still. Galilei disagreed.At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.They didn't want to abandon what they'd always thought as true.And this is still often true today.People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.[4] But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.And Galilei also made mistakes.He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.He was wrong.
[3]it是形式主语；真正主语是后面that引导的从句。
[4]assumption后的that引导同位语从句，解释assumption的内容；if引导条件状语从句。
Therefore，our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.They understood that we don't know everything and probably never will，as this would mean a world with questions.
We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilisation is built upon.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world.
译文参考
对世界的认识
今天，如何获取知识、认识世界，人人皆知。首先，我们需要问题。然后，为了寻找答案，我们观察周围的世界并研究相关事实。之后，我们思考可能的答案并逐个验证，以找到正确答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们应该为此感到庆幸。
然而，17世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根(1561—1626)提出用这种思考方式获取知识时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。当然，探索知识并不是那个时代大多数人的兴趣所在。那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。教会和多数人一样往往忽视事实，不愿意去挑战自己一直以来相信的东西。事实上，当伽利莱证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们没有选择相信他，而宁愿相信2 000年前的陈旧观点！
人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。亚里士多德坚信地球是宇宙的中心，因为人们感觉地球是静止不动的。但伽利莱却不同意。起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。他们并不想放弃自己一直认为正确的知识。如今这种现象也很常见。如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。但即使是亚里士多德这样曾鼓舞了无数科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。伽利莱自己也犯过错误。虽然他现在被称为天文学之父，但他认为地球绕太阳旋转的轨迹是一个正圆。他错了。
因此，我们对周围世界的认识在不断地增长、变化。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的知识，谁也不能停止学习并且说：“我们什么都知道了。”我们需要感谢先辈伟人的智慧。他们早就知道，人不可能什么都懂，而且或许永远都不会知道所有的事情，也就是说世界总是充满问题的。
我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利莱这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。
速读P36－37课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．People are used to turning to the Internet for help when they have questions nowadays.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Most people in Bacon's time were interested in the search for knowledge as Bacon.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．People believed that the earth was the centre of the universe until Galilei proved Aristotle was wrong.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Galilei proved that the Earth wasn't the centre of the universe，but he also made a mistake.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．We would get all the knowledge about the world since men never stopped thinking and researching.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 ABBAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle
B．When Galilei proved Aristotle wrong
C．who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”
D．what they had always comfortably believed
E．that something is right
1．People like Galilei， ，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
2．The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn't want to challenge ．
3． ，they grew angry and put him in prison.
4．People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says ，then it must be so.
5．Galilei is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed ．
[答案] 1－5 CDBEA
Ⅲ.表格填空
How we 1.acquire knowledge and understanding ●start with 2.questions ●3.observe the world around us and study the facts to find answers
Old ways to gain knowledge Bacon and Galilei ●4.go against the views of the day●5.fight for knowledge and understanding
Aristotleand otherpeople ●didn't want to search for their own understanding or 6.educate themselves ●prefer to make 7.assumptions about the world based on the 8.experience of others
The point of understandingall the truthsis to 9.discoverthem ●thank the great men of the past ●brave enough to 10.step out from the shadows of conventional thought
细读P36－37课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Part 1 (Para.1) A．Even great scientists like
Aristotle made mistakes.
2．Part 2 (Para.2) B．People try to solve the world's
problems with analysis.
3．Part 3 (Para.3) C．People thank the great men who
studied in a scientific way.
4．Part 4 (Paras.4～5) D．People believed in religion in
ancient times.
[答案] 1－4 BDAC
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What's the very first step of Francis Bacon's type of thinking
A．Raising questions.
B．Observing the world.
C．Thinking over the possible answers.
D．Testing for a right answer.
2．What do we know from the passage
A．Both Bacon and Galilei were punished for their scientific ideas.
B．At that time，people believed more in religion than in facts.
C．Before Galilei，Aristotle's theory had influenced people for 1，000 years.
D．The church was against the great philosopher Aristotle for his theory of the universe.
3．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Francis Bacon was going against the views of his days.
B．Galileo Galilei was great to prove the Earth is not the centre of the universe.
C．The Earth is not the centre of the universe and it doesn't move round the sun in a perfect circle，either.
D．People should question more because great men，even Aristotle and Galilei，might make mistakes.
4．What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the article
A．question，observe and study，consider and test，find the right answers
B．acquire the knowledge and understanding，find the right answers，consider and test
C．observe，study，consider，find the right answers
D．question，find the right answers，observe，test
5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．People tend to believe everything that the person they respect says.
B．Galileo proved “the Earth is not the centre of the universe” and he never made mistakes.
C．Knowledge is got by learning not by believing.
D．Civilisation is built on the kingdom of knowledge.
[答案] 1－5 ABDAB
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——表示观点态度(1)
A．阅读课文中含有作者观点态度的语句
1．It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
2．Modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems with this type of analysis—luckily for us.
3．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle.
B．判断下列语句哪些不是表达作者观点态度的
1．Therefore，our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.
2．People chose to believe views that were almost 2，000 years old!
3．They didn't want to abandon what they'd always thought as true.
[答案] 2，3
1．acquire vt.学到；获得→acquisition n．获得，习得
2．contribute vi.&vt.奉献，捐献→contribution n．贡献；奉献
3．finance n．金融；财政→financial adj.金融的；财物的；财政的
4．surround vt.包围；围绕→surrounding adj.四周的，附近的→surroundings n．环境
5．judge n．法官；裁判 v．判断；判决；认为；断定→judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决
6．behave vi.表现→behaviour n．行为；举止
7．conclude vt.&vi.断定；推断出；得出结论→conclusion n．结论
8．responsible adj.负责任的；尽责的→responsibility n．责任
9．assess vt.评价；评估→assessment n．评价；评估
10．approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→approval n．批准；同意；赞成
11．urge vt.强烈要求；敦促→urgent adj.急迫的；强烈主张的→urgency n．急迫；紧迫
12．assume v．假定，假设；认为→assumption n．假定，假设
13．benefit n．利益，好处 v．有益于→beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的
expose vt.使体验；使接触；使暴露；揭露
①He smiled suddenly，exposing a set of amazingly white teeth. 使暴露
②He threatened to expose the racism that existed within the police force. 揭露
③Do not expose babies to strong sunlight. 使接触
Words and Phrases
contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献；投稿，促成
(教材P110)Obviously，certain kinds of knowledge are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world.
显然，某些知识不仅是从事某些职业所必需的，而且也是对世界做出贡献所必需的。
[例] We contributed ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund.
我们向地震基金捐赠了5 000 英镑。
[知识拓展]
(1)contribute...to... 把……贡献给……
contribute to/towards(to/towards为介词)
为……做贡献；把(时间)投入；
给……投稿；有助于；是……的原因之一
(2)contributor n. 投稿者；捐助者
contribution n. 贡献；捐献物；捐助；稿件
make a contribution to/towards (to/towards为介词)
为……做出贡献
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This book contributes little to our understanding of the subject.
②Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing(contribute) to lung cancer.
③He often contributes to this newspaper.
④He made a very positive contribution(contribute) to the overall success of the project.
[小片段填空]
来自全国各地的好心人为贫穷的孩子捐款，这使他们能够重返校园。一个作家写了这个故事，并给一家杂志投了稿。
Kind hearted people from all over the country contribute money to the poor kids，which contributes to solving their returning to school.A writer wrote this story and contributed it to a magazine.
expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露
(教材P110)...we need to be able to read，so that we are able to communicate and expose ourselves to new things.
……我们需要有阅读能力，这样我们才能交流，让自己接触新事物。
[例] He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone.
他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧与不安。
[知识拓展]
(1)expose sb./sth./oneself to sth.
使……面临某物/使暴露于
be exposed to 接触到；被暴露于
(2)exposure n. 面临，遭受，揭露
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Keep indoors and don't expose your skin to the sun.
②As a nurse in the war she was exposed(expose) to many dangers.
③There is a direct correlation between exposure(expose) to the sun and skin cancer.
surrounding adj.四周的，附近的
(教材P110)Besides，education provides another deeper kind of knowledge，which lets us understand how the surrounding world works.
此外，教育提供了另一种更深层次的知识，让我们了解周围的世界是如何运作的。
[例] The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside.
这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。
[知识拓展]
(1)surround vt. 围绕；围住
be surrounded with/by... 被……围着/包围
surround sb./sth.with... 用……包围……
(2)surroundings n. 环境
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We live in a world of image media surrounded(surround) with our life，image media inseparable.
②He was an expert at finding his way，even in strange surroundings(surround)．
judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决
(教材P111)For example，education can help individuals develop critical thinking skills，which will prevent them from following uncritically traditional ways and will enable them to act based on judgement.
例如，教育可以帮助个人发展批判性思维技能，这将防止他们遵循不加批判的传统方式，并使他们能够根据判断行事。
[例] She showed a lack of judgement when she gave Mark the job.
她把这工作交给马克表明她缺乏判断力。
[知识拓展]
(1)in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法
(2)judge＋wh clause/wh to do 判断，断定……
judge sb./sth.from/by... 评判，从……来评价
judging by/from 从……来看，根据……来判断
(3)judge n. 裁判员；评判员；法官
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Don't judge a man by his looks.
②Judging(judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed.
③He was one of the judges(judge) at the horse race.
④In my judgement，the plan is ill conceived.
behave vi.表现
(教材P111)It makes people behave with integrity，regardless of background and circumstances.
它使人们不分背景和环境，都能正直地行事。
[例] They behave differently when you're not around.
你不在时他们就是另一副面孔。
[知识拓展]
(1)behave well/badly to/toward...
对……态度好/差
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(2)well behaved 表现好的
badly behaved 表现差的
(3)behaviour n. 行为；举止
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Behave yourself(you) and be careful what you say or do.
②He was angry to see his son behave badly(bad) at the party.
③He did not offer any explanation for his behaviour(behave)．
conclusion n．结论
(教材P111)In conclusion，education is important not only because it facilitates individual development，but also promotes social and national development.
总之，教育之所以重要，不仅是因为它促进了个人的发展，而且也促进了社会和国家的发展。
[例] New evidence might lead to the conclusion that we are wrong.
新的证据可能会得出我们错了的结论。
[知识拓展]
(1)reach/make/draw/arrive at/come to a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion 最后，总之
(2)conclude v. 结束；推断出；决定
to conclude (作插入语)最后
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We can safely draw some conclusions(conclusion)from our discussion.
②In conclusion，we have decided to do the business on your terms.
③To conclude，I wish you all good health and a long life.
assess vt.评价；评估；评定
(教材P111)...and it's a brilliant idea to demonstrate what they have learnt when assessed.
……这是一个很好的主意来展示他们在评估时学到的东西。
[例] It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes.
这些变化带来的影响难以评估。
[知识拓展]
assess sth./sb.as sth. 评价某事或某人……
assess a tax on/upon sb. 向某人征税
assess sth.at... 核定、估算(某物的数量、价值)
assess＋wh clause 评定……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They assessed the value of the house at over $25，000.
②The Chinese government will not assess a tax upon/on the peasants.
worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
(教材P36)Although Bacon held an important rank in King James' royal court of England，his true interest was not the day to day，slow and inefficient working style of the government，but the worthy search for knowledge.
尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。
[例] No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera.
作曲家直到写出一部歌剧来才被认为是名副其实。
[知识拓展]
表示“值得”的句型：
be worth＋n.＝be worthy of＋n.
be worth doing＝be worthy
It's worthwhile doing/to do sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The Chinese community is well worthy of a visit.
②The article is worthy of being studied(study) carefully.
＝The article is worthy to be studied(study) carefully.
＝The article is worth studying(study) carefully.
＝It's worthwhile studying/to study(study) the article carefully.
urge vt.强烈要求；极力主张；敦促n.强烈的欲望；冲动
(教材P37)At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。
[例] The situation is dangerous，and the UN is urging caution.
局势岌岌可危，联合国力主谨慎行事。
[知识拓展]
(1)urge sb.to do/into doing sth.
力劝某人做某事
urge that sb.(should) do sth. 强烈要求某人应做某事
urge sth.on/upon sb. 向某人强调某事
(2)have an urge to do sth. 迫切想做某事
(3)urgent adj. 急迫的；极力主张的
urgency n. 紧迫；急迫
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I urge him to write(write) a novel about the life we live together in the country.
②I urged that we (should) take(take) immediate measures to prevent such things happening again.
③He urged on/upon his pupils the importance of hard work.
[小片段填空]
Mr.Zhang urged that his daughter (should) study abroad(极力主张女儿出国留学)．Whenever he talked to her on the phone，he would urge her to make preparations(督促她做准备)．To his great joy，his daughter went to study in Britain at last.
assumption n．假定，假设
(教材P37)People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.
如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。
[例] We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正就此做出安排。
[知识拓展]
(1)make an assumption 认为，假定
on the assumption that ... 假定……，假设……
(2)assume ...to be ... 认为……是……
assume (that)... 认为……
It is (generally)assumed that ... 人们(普遍)认为……
(3)assuming (that)... 假定……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is reasonable to assume(assume) the house prices will continue to go up.
②We must assume him to be(be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
③Assuming(assume) that you are right，what should we do next
④His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.
owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于
(教材P37)We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei...
我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利莱这样的人……
[例] She still owes her father ￡3，000.
她还欠她父亲3 000英镑。
[知识拓展]
owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物
owe success/one's life to... 把成功归功于……/
因……才保住性命
owe it to sb.to do sth. (为了感谢某人)应该
做……，有义务做……
owing to 由于；因为
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She owes her success to good luck rather than ability.
②I owe it to you that I can get so much progress.
③Owing(owe) to staff shortages，there was no restaurant car on the train.
beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的
(教材P37)These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world.
这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。
[例] Using computers has a beneficial effect on children's learning.
使用计算机对孩子们的学习有益。
[知识拓展]
(1)be beneficial to... 对……有益
(2)benefit vt. 使……受益
vi. 受益于
n. 利益，好处，优势
benefit from/by... 从……受益，得益于
benefit sb./sth. 对某人/某物有益
for the benefit of sb.＝for one's benefit
为了……的好处，得益于……
be of benefit to＝be beneficial to
对……有益
to one's benefit 对某人有益的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The crops benefited from/by the rain.
②It is said yoga is of great benefit to human health.
③He was travelling for the benefit of his health.
④Fresh air and vegetables are beneficial to health.
Sentence Pattern
it作形式主语
(教材P37)It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384—322 BCE)．
人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的。
句式分析：在“It is＋adj.＋that ...”句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary，strange，clear，possible，natural，important，likely，obvious等。
[例1] It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone.
很奇怪没有人知道他去哪里了。
[例2] It is necessary that we meet every two weeks.
我们每两周见一次面是必要的。
[知识拓展]
(1)It＋be＋过去分词＋that ...
常见的过去分词有：said，reported，believed，supposed，ordered，(well) known，suggested等。
(2)It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that ...
常见的不及物动词(短语)有：seem，appear，happen，turn out，occur to等。
(3)It＋be＋名词(短语)＋that ...
常见的名词(短语)有：a pity，a fact，a wonder，a surprise，no wonder等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is said that he won the first prize.
②It happened that we were all out that day.
③It is a pity that you didn't come in time.
1．At that time，people believed more in the church than in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei (1564—1642)，who proved the idea that“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
[分析] 分句一At that time，people believed...facts
[翻译] 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
2．We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilisation is built upon.
[分析]
[翻译] 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利莱这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。
教材 高考
1.It makes people behave with integrity，regardless of background and circumstances. (2020·江苏卷)Multiple genes behaved differently，depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.
2.In conclusion，education is important not only because it facilitates individualdevelopment，but also promotessocial and national development. (2020·北京卷)In conclusion，positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life.
3.At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison. (2020·天津卷) Together，these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.
4.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，somemight say，than all the money in the world. (2020·浙江卷)Kevin Balke，a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute，says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities，...
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It can be beneficial(benefit) to share your feelings with someone you trust.
2．As the spirit of words，word meanings are grammatical problems worthy of being studied(study)．
3．Assuming(assume) that he is innocent，he must be set free.
4．There is a particular urgency(urge) in this case，and it would help if you could bend the rules.
5．What do you hope to be able to conclude from your project
6．Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem.
7．These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.
8．The buildings have been designed to blend in with their surroundings(surround)．
9．Judging(judge) from her letters，mother seems to be feeling a lot better.
10．For example，when I didn't behave myself(me)，my parents would give me some punishment.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in other words；regardless of；put forward；go against；in conclusion
1．She went against our advice and reported it to the police.
2．In conclusion，more theoretical and experimental research must be conducted.
3．In other words，they allow themselves to make mistakes，so they remain energetic.
4．Over the years several similar theories have been put forward．
5．Our club is open to everyone regardless of age，sex or educational background.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
“Who 1.questions (question) much，shall learn much，and remember much，” said Francis Bacon.Now 2.it seems obvious how we acquire knowledge and understanding.However，in the 17th century，people believed more in religion 3.than in facts.As a result，people who proved 4.scientific(science) ideas were often punished.Many people tended 5.to ignore(ignore) the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had believed.Till today，people still feel that if someone important and 6.respected(respect) says that something is right，then it must be so.7.But sometimes great men such as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes.Therefore our understanding of the world around us is 8.constantly (constant) growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day and none of us can 9.simply(simple) say，“We know it all.”
“All truths are easy 10.to understand(understand) once they are discovered；the point is to discover them，” said Galileo Galilei.1．The roots of education are bitter，but the fruit is sweet.
—Aristotle
教育的根是苦的，但结出的果实是甜的。
——亚里士多德
2．Education begins its work while the first breath of the child.
—Jean Paul
当婴儿呱呱坠地时，人生教育就开始了。
——让·保罗
3．A man who gives his children habits of industry provides for them better than giving them a fortune.
—Richard Whately
培养孩子勤奋的习惯比给他们一份丰厚的财产好得多。
——理查德·惠特利
4．From the very beginning of his education，the child should experience the joy of discovery.
—A.N.Whitehead
从一个儿童教育的开始，他就应体验到发现的快乐。
——A.N.怀特海
Education is much more open ended and all inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere，whether in the shower or on the job；whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio，from a child to a distinguished scientist.
With the widespread of computers，more and more people tend to use the Internet to get information and learn knowledge，especially，many educational agents use online classes to teach their students.Many people think it is convenient for students to obtain knowledge by online education and can save students lots of time spending on traveling between home and school.Some people think students can't focus on studying by online education.In my opinion，we can benefit a lot from online education.
Firstly，online education can save students' time.We all know that traditional education requires students to go to school or certain places to obtain knowledge.Therefore，students have to spend lots of time on traveling between home and school.However，online education can save students lots of time.They don't have to spend time traveling between school and home.
Secondly，students can get more knowledge by online education.Students can search for their study materials immediately during break time by the Internet.While by traditional education，students can't find any useful resources in schools for they have no access to get relative knowledge from their limited books.
All in all，online education not only can save much time，but it can help students get more knowledge than traditional education.
[探究发现]
1．Why is online education popular nowadays
Because of the widespread of computers.
2．Why can online education save students' time
Because they don't have to travel between school and home.Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.precious A．adj.极好的，卓越的
( )2.breakthrough B．n.词汇量
( )3.troublesome C．adj.生动的，逼真的
( )4.superb D．adj.抽象的
( )5.technique E．adj.引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的
( )6.grasp F．adj.复杂的；难以理解的
( )7.vocabulary G．vt.理解，领会
( )8.abstract H．n.技巧，手法
( )9.vivid I．adj.rare and worth a lot of money
( )plex J．n.an important development that
may lead to an agreement or
achievement
[答案] 1－5 IJEAH 6－10 GBDCF
B．短语匹配
( )1.adapt to A．一瞬间；一刹那
( )2.be consistent with B．在某种程度上
( )3.as well C．适应
( )4.be enthusiastic about
D．热衷于……
( )5.in a flash E．与……一致
( )6.in a way F．也；还
[答案] 1－6 CEFDAB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．exceptionally adv. 极其，非常
2．tendency n. 倾向
3．straightforward adj. 简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的
4．initially adv. 起初
5．liquid n. 液体
6．painful adj. 令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的
7．gently adv. 轻柔地；温和地；平缓地
8．apparent adj. 显而易见的；明白的
9．concept n. 概念；想法
10．analyse vt. 分析，剖析
Ⅰ.语境填空
grasp；abstract；vocabulary；precious；complex；apparent；tendency；severe；technique；breakthrough
1．The party suffered severe losses during the last election.
2．There is a tendency for this disease to run in families.
3．The artist combines different techniques in the same painting.
4．Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.
5．The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.
6．It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing.
7．It's a complex issue，but he only sees it in black and white.
8．Most people have a smaller vocabulary in speech than in writing.
9．They failed to grasp the importance of his words.
10．There is a crown set with precious jewels in his safe.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The man who talked to me just now is a famous educator(educate)．
2．My ankle is still too painful(pain)to walk on.
3．It was a very beautiful country but I found the heat unbearable(bearable)．
4．My cough is rather troublesome(trouble)today.
5．The news caused great excitement(excite) among her friends.
6．We watched their ship move gradually(gradual) farther away.
7．I have a tendency(tend)to talk too much when I'm nervous.
8．Despite the recession the company is confident of further expansion(expand)．
1．With these severe restrictions to her communication，Helen's behaviour was often unbearable.
这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。
2．Helen's parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named Anne Sullivan.
海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。
3．Anne spelt words by writing on Helen's hand so that Helen could get a mental picture of the words.
她先在海伦手上拼写单词，使海伦联想到单词的画面。
4．I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed...
我不知道自己在拼写单词，甚至压根不知道词汇的存在……
5．Trying to learn the word “love” was an experience that she remembered well.
她很清楚地记得，学习“love”这个单词的难忘经历。
词语助读
①exceptionally adv.极其，非常
②have sth.done请别人做某事
③severe adj.很严重的
severely adv.严重地
④restriction n．限制，规定，约束
restrict vt.限制，限定；局限
⑤behaviour n．行为；举止
behave vi.表现
behave oneself表现得体
⑥unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的
⑦troublesome adj.引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的
⑧stubborn adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的
⑨tendency n．倾向
⑩superb adj.极好的，卓越的
recommend vt.推荐；建议
recommend sb.to do sth.推荐某人做某事
former adj.以前的；先前的
eyesight n．视力
as well也；还
relate vi.理解；相联系
be related to和……有关
technique n．技巧，手法
straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的
doll n．玩偶
initially adv.起初
excitement n．兴奋，激动
excite vt.使兴奋；使激动
excited adj.兴奋的；激动的
exciting adj.令人兴奋的；令人激动的
exist vi.存在
existence n．存在
monkey like adj.猴子似的
imitation n．模仿，效仿
stream n．水流
flow vi.流动；流淌
realise vt.意识到
liquid n．液体
precious adj.宝贵的
now that 由于；既然(相当于since)
grasp vt.理解；领会
gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的
process n．过程
enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的
be enthusiastic about 热衷于
vocabulary n．词汇量
expand vi.&vt.(使)扩大；增加
complex adj.复杂的；难以理解的
violet n．紫罗兰
gently adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地
puzzle vt.使困惑，使迷惑
apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的
sweetness n．甜蜜；美妙；芳香
warmth n．温暖
ray n．(太阳或月亮的)光线
abstract adj.抽象的
concept n．概念；想法
breakthrough n．突破；重大进展
necklace n．项链
with the help of在……帮助下
forehead n．额，前额
in a flash 瞬间；立刻
pour vi.倾；倒
vivid adj.生动的，逼真的
原文呈现
ENLIGHTENING A MIND
Helen Keller was an exceptionally① special girl.By the time she was seven years old，she still couldn't speak，read or write and needed to have everything done② for her.This was because[1] she couldn't see or hear.With these severe③ restrictions④ to her communication，Helen's behaviour⑤ was often unbearable⑥.She was sometimes troublesome⑦，stubborn⑧ and angry，and had a tendency⑨ to break things when no one understood her.
[1]this was because...表示“这就是因为……”，because后面跟原因。
Helen's parents got a superb⑩ teacher recommended to them[2]，a woman named Anne Sullivan.Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for the blind in Boston.She'd had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties.
[2]过去分词作定语，修饰teacher，表示被动。
Anne's technique to teach Helen language was simple and straightforward .Anne spelt words by writing on Helen's hand so that Helen could get a mental picture of the words[3]．She started with the word “doll ”．She would let Helen play with the doll，and then spell the letters “D O L L” on her hand.When they initially did this，Helen thought it was a game.She wrote about her excitement later in her book，The Story of My Life：
[3]so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便；为了”。
“Running downstairs to my mother，I held up my hand and made the letters for ‘doll’．I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed；I was simply making my fingers go in monkey like imitation.”
When they were at the well one day，Anne put one of Helen's hands under the stream of water.As the water flowed over Helen's hand[4]，Anne spelt out “W A T E R” into Helen's other hand.As Anne wrote on Helen's hand，Helen suddenly realised that the movement of the fingers meant the cool liquid flowing over her hand.This precious knowledge gave her hope and joy.Finally，she got the world of words opened up to her.
[4]as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……；当……时”。
Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.Children who can see and hear learn language easily，but for Helen，it was a gradual and sometimes painful process.However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing.
As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded，she asked more and more questions.This soon led her to discover more complex words and changed her thinking process.Trying to learn the word “love” was an experience that she remembered well.[5] This is how she described it in her book：
[5]Trying to learn the word “love”是动名词短语在句中作主语；that引导的定语从句修饰先行词experience。
“I remember the morning that I first asked the meaning of the word ‘love’．This was before I knew many words.I had found a few early violets in the garden and brought them to my teacher ...Miss Sullivan put her arm gently round me and wrote on my hand，‘I love Helen.’‘What is love？’I asked.She drew me closer to her and said，‘It is here，’pointing to my heart ...Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.”
Although the meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen，she kept on trying to understand it.“I smelt the violets in her hand and asked，half in words，half in signs，a question which meant，‘Is love the sweetness of flowers？’‘No，’said my teacher.”
When Helen and Anne were outside one day，Helen felt the warmth of the sun's rays.She pointed up and asked if that was love.When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed.“I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.”
The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen because it is such an abstract concept.However，one day as she was working on a simple task，she had a breakthrough.She was making necklaces with the help of Anne when she noticed that she had made some mistakes.Because she was uncertain how to fix them，she stopped to think carefully.As she did this，Anne touched Helen's forehead and wrote the word “think” on her hand.“In a flash I knew that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head.”
It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch.At that moment，her mind returned to the word “love”．As she thought about its meaning again，the sun came out.She pointed to the sun and asked her teacher again if that was love.Anne answered Helen by explaining that love was like the sun and clouds in a way.
“You cannot touch the clouds，you know；but you feel the rain...You cannot touch love either；but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything.Without love you would not be happy or want to play.”
In that vivid moment，Helen finally understood the beautiful truth of the word “love”．
译文参考
头脑开窍
海伦·凯勒是一个非常特殊的女孩。她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都需要别人照顾。这是因为她看不见也听不见。这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。海伦有时很烦人、很固执，而且很易怒。如果没有人能理解她的意思，她就会摔东西。
海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。安妮曾是波士顿一所盲人学校的老师，也曾在那儿上过学。她小时候也有视力障碍，所以更能理解海伦所面临的困境。
安妮教海伦学习语言的方法简单明了。她先在海伦手上拼写单词，使海伦联想到单词的画面。安妮给海伦拼写的第一个词是“doll”。她先让海伦和洋娃娃玩耍，然后在海伦的手上拼写“D O L L”。刚开始海伦以为这是在玩游戏。后来在《我的人生故事》 一书中，海伦描述了自己的兴奋之情：
“我跑下楼去找我妈妈，伸手拼出了‘doll’所含的字母。我不知道自己在拼写单词，甚至压根不知道词汇的存在；我仅仅是亦步亦趋地用手指模仿老师。”
一天，她们在井边，安妮把海伦的一只手放在水流下。水缓缓流过海伦的手掌，安妮在她的另一只手上拼写“W A T E R”。安妮在海伦手上写的时候，海伦突然意识到，手指的动作代表的是流过自己手掌的清凉的液体。这宝贵的知识给她带来希望和快乐。终于，她打开了语言世界的大门。
由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能运用它。正常的孩子能听、能看，学起语言来很容易。但对海伦来说，学习语言是个渐进的过程，有时会很痛苦。然而，因为海伦对学习有极高的热情，学习成果令人吃惊。
随着海伦知识和词汇量的不断扩大，她提出的问题也越来越多。这使她学会了更复杂的单词，从而改变了她的思维过程。她很清楚地记得，学习“love”这个单词的难忘经历。在书中她这样描述道：
“我记得有一天早上，我第一次问‘love’这个词的含义。那时我的词汇量还很有限。我在花园里发现了早开的紫罗兰，摘下一些带给老师……莎莉文老师温柔地搂着我，在我的手上写着：‘我爱海伦。’‘什么是爱？’我问道。她把我拉到身边，指着我的心脏说，‘爱在这里。’……她的话令我非常困惑，因为以往我只有触碰到实际物体，才能理解它的意思。”
尽管对海伦来说，爱的意义还不明确，但她一直试着理解。“我闻了闻她手里的紫罗兰，半拼写半比划地问了个问题，意思大概是‘爱是花朵的香味吗？’‘不，’我的老师回答道。”
一天和老师在室外，海伦感受到了阳光的温暖。她指了指太阳，问老师那是不是爱，老师说不是，海伦感到
更困惑了，而且有些失望。“我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。”
“think”这个词对海伦来说也很难理解，因为它很抽象。然而有一天，在做一项简单的任务时，她取得了突破。她正在安妮的帮助下做项链，这时她发现自己犯了一些错。海伦不确定该如何解决，便停下来认真思考。在她思考的时候，安妮点了点海伦的额头，在她的手上写“think”这个词。“瞬间我就明白了，我头脑中进行的活动就是这个词的意思。”
那是海伦第一次明白复杂单词的意思，她触摸不到的抽象单词。这时，海伦又想起了“love”。她再次思考“love”是什么意思，恰巧这时太阳出来了。海伦指着太阳又问老师那是不是爱。安妮解释道，爱在某种程度上就像太阳和云彩。
“你知道吗，你摸不到云彩，但是你能感觉到雨……你也触摸不到爱，但是你能感觉到爱给万物带来的甜蜜。没有爱，你就不会快乐，也不会想玩耍。”
就在那个动人的时刻，海伦终于明白了“love”这个词语蕴含的美丽的真谛。
速读P30－31课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．When Helen Keller was seven years old，she couldn't speak but could do all the things on her own.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Anne Sullivan was once a teacher.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Anne Sullivan taught Helen Keller by drawing pictures.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．When Helen Keller learned the word “water”，she was delighted.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Helen Keller learned the word “love” with ease.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BABAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确的选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．Since Helen grasped the key to language
B．because Helen did not then understand anything unless she touched it
C．so she could relate to Helen's difficulties
D．because it is abstract
E．so that Helen could get a mental picture of the words
1．Anne Sullivan had had eyesight problems early in life ．
2．Anne spelt words by writing on Helen's hand ．
3． ，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
4．When Anne taught the word “love”，Helen thought her word was puzzling ．
5．The word “think” was difficult for Helen ．
[答案] 1－5 CEABD
Ⅲ.表格填空
Helen Keller By the time she was 1.seven，she couldn't speak，read or write and needed to have everything done for her，because she couldn't see or hear.Helen's behaviour was often 2.unbearable.She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry.
Anne Sullivan She was a teacher and former student at a school for the blind.She could relate to Helen's difficulties because she'd also had 3.eyesight problems early in life.
How Anne taught Helen words doll Helen thought it was a game.She did not know that she was spelling a word.It was monkey like 4.imitation.
water Anne let water 5.flow over Helen's one hand and spelt out “W A T E R” into Helen's other hand.Helen was 6.delighted to know the movement of the fingers meant the cool 7.liquid flowing over her hand.
love Anne 8.drew Helen closer to her and pointed to Helen's heart.After Helen asked again if love was the sun，Anne told her that love could not be touched，but she could feel the 9.sweetness of love.
think When Helen thought about her mistakes when making 10.necklaces，Anne touched Helen's forehead and wrote “think” on her hand.
细读P30－31课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Part 1 (Para.1) A．How Anne taught Helen the words which cannot be touched.
2．Part 2 (Para.2) B．Helen's problems.
3．Part 3 (Paras.3～5) C．Helen's teacher.
4．Part 4 (Paras.6～11) D．How Anne taught Helen
the words which can betouched.
[答案] 1－5 BCDA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．From the passage we can know that ．
A．Helen knew well how to learn abstract words
B．Helen had some difficulties learning words that she couldn't touch
C．Helen gave up trying when she couldn't understand the meaning of “love”
D．Helen could learn language as easily as children who could see and hear
2．Which of the following statements is NOT right
A．Before seven years old，Helen could communicate with her parents in simple language.
B．Anne Sullivan had some teaching experience before she came to teach Helen.
C．Anne Sullivan was very patient and loved Helen very much.
D．When Helen learned language，she followed a “simple to complex” way.
3．According to the passage，which of the following words may be difficult for Helen to understand
A．Chair. B．Clothes.
C．Hate. D．Rope.
[答案] 1—3 BAC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——心理活动描写
A．阅读课文中含有心理活动描写的语句
1．Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
2．Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.
3．When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed.
B．判断下列语句哪些不是描写心理活动的
1．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.
2．Because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing.
3．In a flash I knew that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head.
[答案] 2，3
1．educate vt.教育，教导，指导→educator n．教育工作者→education n．教育
2．evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价
3．restrict vt.限制，限定，约束→restriction n．限制，规定，约束
4．bear vt.容忍，忍受→bearable adj.可忍受的，可容忍的→unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的
5．excite vt.(使)兴奋；(使)激动→excitement n．兴奋，激动
6．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
7．expand vi.&vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n．膨胀；扩大；增加
8．disappoint vt.使失望；使沮丧→disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
expand vi.&vt.(使)扩大；增加，扩展；详谈，细谈
①I repeated the question and waited for her to expand. 详谈，细谈
②We've expanded the business by opening two more stores. 扩展
③A child's vocabulary expands through reading. 增加
Words and Phrases
significance n．重要性，意义
(教材P28)has great social and personal significance
具有重大的社会和个人意义
[例] The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大的意义。
[知识拓展]
(1)be of great significance (to)
(对……)有重大意义；非常重要
be of no significance 无意义；无关紧要
be of little significance 不太重要；意义不大
(2)significant adj. 重要的；显著的
[即学即练] 句型转换/完成句子
①It will be very significant to accomplish this research project.
＝It will be of great significance to accomplish this research project.
②What he thinks about it is of no significance(毫无意义)．
consistent adj.一贯的，一致的
(教材P28)be consistent with their mental development
与他们的智力发展相一致
[例] It's terribly important for parents to be consistent.
父母要做到始终如一，这是极为重要的。
[知识拓展]
(1)be consistent with 与……一致
(2)consist of 由……组成；由……构成(不用于
被动语态和进行时态)
consist in 在于；存在于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
②Sunlight consists of different wave lengths of radiation.
③The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
[小片段填空]
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致。
Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle.Remember that your ideal life is not always consistent with the reality.
insist vi.坚称；坚持主张
(教材P109)...Comenius，insisted that when teaching，the subject matter should be adapted to learners' interests...
……夸美纽斯，坚持认为教学时，主题应该适应学习者的兴趣……
[例] His family insisted he should be given a proper birthday party.
他的家人坚决要求为他举行适当的生日派对。
[知识拓展]
insist on sth. 坚决主张
insist on doing sth. 坚持要求做某事
insist that sb.should do sth.
坚持要求某人做某事(虚拟语气)
insist that... 坚持说，坚持认为(真实语气)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They insist on playing(play) their music late at night.
②The government insisted that Britain's nuclear power stations are(be) as safe as houses.
③My family insisted that I should not give in(不应该认输)，but stay and fight.
restriction n．限制，规定，约束
(教材P30)With these severe restrictions to her communication，Helen's behaviour was often unbearable.
这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。
[例] The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.
政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。
[知识拓展]
(1)without restriction 毫无限制
(2)restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚
restrict...to... 把……限制在……
be restricted to 限于
restrict sb./oneself to doing sth.
约束……干……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We restrict the number of students per class to 10.
②The tournament is restricted(restrict) to players under the age of 23.
③The park is open to the public without restriction(restrict)．
relate vi.理解；相联系
(教材P30)She'd had eyesight problems early in life as well so she could relate to Helen's difficulties.
她小时候也有视力障碍，所以更能理解海伦所面临的困境。
[例] Many adults can't relate to children.
许多成年人并不了解儿童的想法。
[知识拓展]
relate sth.to sb. 叙述(经历，事实等)；讲述(故事)
relate...to/with... 把……与……联系起来
relate to sb./sth. 与某人/某事有关；涉及某人/某事
be related to 与……有关
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He related the facts of the case to journalists.
②In the future，pay increases will be related(relate) to productivity.
enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的
(教材P31)However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing.
然而，因为海伦对学习有极高的热情，学习成果令人吃惊。
[例] You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea.
你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。
[知识拓展]
(1)be enthusiastic for/about 对……热心
(2)enthusiastically adv. 热情地
enthusiasm n. 热心，热情；狂热
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She was even less enthusiastic about going(go) to Spain.
②She enthusiastically(enthusiastic) threw herself into her work.
③The news was greeted with a lack of enthusiasm(enthusiastic) by those at the meeting.
apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的
(教材P31)Although the meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen，she kept on trying to understand it.
尽管对海伦来说，爱的意义还不明确，但她一直试着理解。
[例] It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.
从她的面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。
[知识拓展]
(1)it is apparent/obvious to sb.that...
对某人来说很明显……
(2)apparently adv. 显然地；明显地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I thought she had retired，but apparently(apparent) she hasn't.
②It is apparent to me that each sector has its particular recipe for disaster.
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
(教材P31)When her teacher said that it wasn't，she was confused and disappointed.
老师说不是，海伦感到更困惑了，而且有些失望。
[例] They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.
他们对比赛结果极为失望。
[知识拓展]
(1)be disappointed at/about/with
对……失望
(2)disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人或事
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was disappointed at not getting the job，but he'll get over it.
②The outcome of the court case was disappointing(disappoint) for the family involved.
③To our great disappointment(disappoint)，it rained every day of the trip.
[小片段填空]
The disappointing news disappointed the little boy.He was disappointed at losing the game.To his great disappointment，he failed in the final exam as well.(disappoint)
Sentence Patterns
this is because...句型
(教材P30)This was because she couldn't see or hear.
这是因为她看不见也听不见。
句式分析：本句中的this was because...表示“这是因为……”，because后面跟原因。
[例1] This is because they have difficult climates.
这是因为他们那里的气候很恶劣。
[例2] That is because the chances of success are too small and the risks are too great.
那是因为成功的机会太小，冒险的代价太大。
[知识拓展]
that/this is why... 那/这就是为什么……
the reason why...is that... ……的原因是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子
①He and I have worked together for a couple of years.That's why I know him pretty well.
②He fell from a tall tree.That's why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg.That's because he fell from a tall tree.
＝The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell from a tall tree.
③This is because(这是因为)we all live on the same planet.
形式宾语it
(教材P31)I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.
我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。
句式分析：本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。
[例1] She finds it difficult to finish the job by herself.
她发现要独自完成这项工作很困难。
[例2] I think it important to read English aloud every morning.
我认为每天早上大声读英语很重要。
[知识拓展]
(1)主语＋谓语＋it＋从句
(2)主语＋谓语＋介词＋it＋从句
(3)主语＋谓语＋it＋形容词＋从句
(4)主语＋谓语＋it＋介词短语＋从句
(5)主语＋谓语＋it＋名词＋从句
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I hate it when you can't discuss things openly.
②I owe it to you that I'm still alive.
③Can I depend on it that this will not take place again
④I will see it to you that everything is ready in time.
教材 高考
1.has great social and personal significance (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers carries special significance.
2.be consistent with their mental development (2020·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
3....Comenius，insisted that when teaching，thesubject matter should be adapted to learners' interests... (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)But she insists on us eating healthy food.Understanding her good intentions，I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
4.With these severe restrictions to her communication，Helen's behaviour was often unbearable. (2020·江苏卷)Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.
2．The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
3．The wine was excellent，but the food was disappointing(disappoint)．
4．We are faced with two apparently(apparent) contradictory statements.
5．A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion(expand)．
6．We regard health as inversely related to social class.
7．For the first two weeks patients are restricted to the grounds.
8．She insisted that she had remained(remain) faithful to her husband.
9．What you are saying now is not consistent(consist)with what you said yesterday.
10．I think it was significant(significance) that he never knew his own father.
Ⅱ.短语填空
adapt to；be consistent with；as well；be enthusiastic about；in a flash；in a way
1. In a way it was one of our biggest mistakes.
2．The driver set the goods down and drove away in a flash．
3．When I've finished painting the bathroom，I'm going to do the kitchen as well．
4．Would they be entirely consistent with what you just told us
5．Chung has tried to adapt to local customs.
6．But not everyone was enthusiastic about the new school day.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
When Helen was young，she was a very special girl，who couldn't speak，read or write 1.because she couldn't see or hear.Because of these severe 2.restrictions(restrict) to her communication，her behaviour was often 3.unbearable(bear) and sometimes she was troublesome，stubborn and 4.angry(anger) with a tendency 5.to break(break) things when she was not understood.
It was her teacher Anne Sullivan 6.who completely changed her.She herself also had had eyesight problems early in life，so she could relate to Helen's 7.difficulties(difficult)．Anne's technique was simple and straightforward.She put an object into Helen's one hand and spelt out the word on her 8.other hand.The precious knowledge she taught gave her hope and joy.From “doll” to “water”，Helen's knowledge and vocabulary 9.expanded(expand)．As Helen grasped the key to language，she was eager to learn more complex words.Helen even understood the beautiful 10.truth(true) of the word “love”．
have/get sth.done
[观察例句]
1．You must get the work done by Friday.
2．I have had my room cleaned.
3．We must have the work finished before Tuesday.
4．We all want to get things done better，faster and more easily.
[归纳用法]
一、“have/get sth.done”结构的应用
1．用法
(1)done所表示的动作可以是主语发出的，也可以是主语要求别人发出的；
(2)宾语sth.与过去分词所表示的动作之间是动宾关系。
2．含义
(1)让(请)别人为自己做某事
I had/got my TV set repaired yesterday.
昨天我叫人把我的电视机修理了一下。
(2)遭遇某种不好或不幸的事情
Be careful，or you'll have/get your hands hurt.
当心，否则你会弄伤手的。
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
汤姆踢足球时，一条腿摔断了。
(3)使某事被完成(自己也有可能参加)
He had/got the job done before the end of the month.
他在月底前完成了那项工作。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①I had/got that door painted (paint) last week.
②She is going to have her new clothes made (make) by a young tailor.
③He had his house burnt (burn) down in the fire.
二、“have/get sb./sth.doing/(to)do”结构的应用
1．have sb./sth.doing sth.表示“让……一直做某事”，现在分词表示主动和正在进行。get sb./sth.doing sth.表示“让……开始做某事”。前者侧重持续做某事，后者侧重开始做某事。
The peasants had the tractors working day and night at the harvest time.
农忙时，农民们让拖拉机白天黑夜不停地工作。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
[名师点津] “have sb.doing”若用于否定句，have有“容忍；容许”之意。
I won't have you doing nothing all day at all.
我完全不能容许你整天无所事事。
2．have sb.do sth.或get sb.to do sth.都表示“使/让某人做某事”
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
母亲让我去商店买些盐。
I can't get him to stop smoking.
我无法让他戒烟。
[名师点津]
have sth.to do表示“有某事要做”，动词不定式表示将来的动作，作定语修饰sth.，其逻辑主语为句子主语。
I still have a lot of homework to finish tonight.
我今晚仍有很多作业要完成。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①The novelist had the victim talk (talk) about the volcanic eruption.
②I will not have you talking (talk) to your mother like that.
③If you did such a tiresome thing，you would get everybody teasing (tease) you.
④I'll not go out because I have lots of work to do (do)．
⑤Don't worry.I'll get Tom to help (help) you soon.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—Hurry up! Don't have the car waiting (wait) at the gate.
—I'll be ready after I have my son dressed (dress)．
2．They have already had some everyday words added (add) to the new edition of the dictionary.
3．We can't have you going (go) everywhere by taxi.
4．Thailand got some famous buildings destroyed (destroy) in the flood.
5．What a shame！I can't get him to stop (stop) crying.
6．Can you really get that old car going(go) again
7．The computer I had repaired (repair) yesterday went wrong.
8．I have my dinner to cook (cook)，so I can't go out with you.
9．After the storm，he had his house fixed(fix) and returned soon.
10．You must get your homework finished(finish) before you go to sleep.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Many years ago，1.when I was working on weekends to earn extra money，I lost my wallet.I remembered I had put the wallet into the car after I had some oil 2.added(add) to the car.I searched all my car but couldn't find 3.it.I had intended to have my teeth 4.pulled(pull) on that afternoon.I left the gas station because I had a lot of other things 5.to do(do)．Then I received a phone call from a stranger and asked me if I had my wallet 6.lost(lose)．She asked how much money in the wallet and the 7.detailed(detail) information about the wallet.She returned the wallet and I thanked her for 8.finding(find) my wallet.I asked if I could do something to repay her 9.kindness(kind)，10.but she refused.课时分层作业(六)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I can't remember a time when my bedroom didn't have a bookshelf.From Dr.Suess to Mother Goose，I had all kinds of books that progressed in size as I got older.
My earliest memory of books was sitting on my bed at night with my mom reading to my older brother and me from C．S.Lewis，J.R.R.Tolkien，or Madeleine L'Engle.And my first beloved book that was all mine was a children's book about being a chosen child.As an adopted (收养的) child，this book helped me learn that my family was my very own because they chose me.As I got older，the books got thicker and more difficult.The first set of books I ever bought with my own money was L．M.Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables.
When in elementary school，there was a book catalog (目录) that would come out.We could take it home and have our parents help us order new books.Then the books would be sent to the school.There was nothing better than getting my little bag of books.
My love for science fiction was deepened by my older brother's love for it.Beyond being the person to introduce me to Star Trek and Doctor Who，it was his copy of The Sword of Shannara by Terry Brooks that got me really interested in science fiction.
I read classics in high school.The first time I had the thought that I wanted to be a writer was after reading Edgar Allan Poe's work.And his use of words floored me.I remember using his word “phantasmagorical” for a senior paper.Yeah，it's no wonder I ended up an English major and English teacher passing on my love for the written word and the books students could hold in their hands.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者的读书经历，作者从被动读书成长为爱读书的英语老师，作者想把自己对书籍的热爱传递给自己的学生。
1．What was the author's earliest memory of books
A．She read some classics by herself.
B．She was thirsty for children's books.
C．She was often read to by her mother.
D．She borrowed books from her brother.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My earliest memory of books was sitting on my bed at night with my mom reading to my older brother and me from C．S.Lewis，J.R.R.Tolkien，or Madeleine L'Engle.”可知，作者对书籍最早的记忆是晚上坐在床上，妈妈给作者和作者的哥哥读C.S.Lewis、J.R.R.Tolkien或Madeleine L'Engle的书。故选C。]
2．What happened after the author read her first favorite book
A．She loved her family much more.
B．She hoped to have her own home.
C．She planned to read more books.
D．She found that she was adopted.
A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“And my first beloved book that was all mine was a children's book about being a chosen child.As an adopted child，this book helped me learn that my family was my very own because they chose me.”可知，读完第一本最爱的书后，作者更爱自己的家人了。故选A。]
3．How did the author feel after getting some books on the book catalog
A．Lucky. B．Excited.
C．Surprised. D．Disappointed.
B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There was nothing better than getting my little bag of books.”可知，没有什么比拿我那一小包的书更好的了。由此可推知，作者在图书目录上找到一些书后感到很开心，很兴奋。故选B。]
4．How did the author become interested in science fiction
A．By reading Star Trek with her brother.
B．By being introduced to Doctor Who.
C．By talking about it with her brother.
D．By reading The Sword of Shannara.
D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“it was his copy of The Sword of Shannara by Terry Brooks that got me really interested in science fiction”可知，正是他的那本《沙娜拉之剑》让作者对科幻小说产生了浓厚的兴趣。故选D。]
B
In 1985，Charlie Burrell inherited (继承)a piece of land in West Sussex，England，which is 3，500 acres.It had been in his family for more than 200 years.As it was a failing farm，he and his wife，Isabella Tree，were all set to run a traditional farm，but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits.The land wasn't suitable for growing crops anymore.
So，in 2001，the couple decided to try something else—an experiment in “rewilding”，or restoring environments to their natural state.They reintroduced native species，including Tamworth pigs，Exmoor ponies，longhorn cattle，and deer.Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.
In the following years，the land went through an incredible change.The once neat fields were covered with bushes，creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.
Now it's home to many different creatures，including two rare species of bats，nightingales，peregrine falcons，white storks，and even turtle doves，whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the U．K.over the last few decades!
“We were living in a biological desert.Now，ecologists are blown away all the time by just the amount of life here，”Isabella said.“It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.”
What's more，the land is now profitable! Charlie and Isabella offer multiple services there，including walking tours，safaris，photography classes，and rewilding workshops.They also sell meat to control their large animal populations，and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.
What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory，if only we let it.Now，it's a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了一对夫妇将土地恢复到自然状况，不仅保护了生态环境，而且还赚到了钱的故事。
5．What did the couple do with the land
A．They planted trees on it.
B．They raised animals on it.
C．They restored it to its natural state.
D．They transformed it into a traditional farm.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段“in 2001，the couple decided to try something else — an experiment in ‘rewilding’，or restoring environments to their natural state”可知，这对夫妇将土地恢复到自然状况。故选C项。]
6．What does the underlined phrase “blown away” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Amused. B．Impressed.
C．Disappointed. D．Confused.
B [词义猜测题。根据第五段“It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.”以及文中表明这对夫妇的土地上生物种类和数量很多，可以推断，这里的生命数量给生态学家留下了深刻印象。“blown away”意思是留下深刻印象。故选B项。]
7．Which is one of the ways the couple make profits
A．Selling tents to tourists.
B．Selling what they grow on the land.
C．Killing animals and selling the meat.
D．Drawing rare animals and selling the pictures.
C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They also sell meat to control their large animal populations”可知，这对夫妇的盈利方式之一是杀动物卖肉。故选C项。]
8．What can be inferred about the couple
A．They have creative ideas.
B．They succeeded through hard labor.
C．They are too lazy to manage a farm.
D．They care more about money than the ecosystem.
A [推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这对夫妻想出了常人想不到的好主意，将土地恢复到自然状况，不仅保护了生态环境，而且还赚到了钱。由此可以推断，这对夫妇拥有创造性的想法。故选A项。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At noon that day，I drove back to my house after a performance.Just as I entered the living room，I heard a gentle sound coming from the bedroom upstairs—it was the sound of my favorite violin.
“Thief！”
I dashed upstairs.Sure enough，as expected，a boy of about 12 years old was petting my violin.The boy had messy hair and a thin face，his oversized coat seemingly filled with something.At first glance，I found a new pair of shoes missing.It seemed that he was surely a thief.
Then，I saw his eyes full of fear and despair.My anger was immediately replaced by a smile，I asked，“Are you Mr.Ram's nephew，Michael I'm his housekeeper.Two days ago，I heard his nephew living in the countryside will come.It must be you.You're really like him！”
On hearing my words，the boy was first astonished，but then quickly said，“Has my uncle gone out I think I'd better first go out for a walk and visit him again in a while.”
I nodded and asked the boy who was preparing to put down the violin，“Do you like to play the violin so much？”
“Yes，but I'm so poor that I can't afford it，” the boy replied.
“Then，I give this violin to you.” The boy looked at me questioningly，but he picked up the violin.Going out to the living room，he suddenly saw my huge color photo on the wall I performed in the Sydney Opera House.He involuntarily trembled for a moment and ran out without looking back.
I was sure that the boy had understood what happened because no one would decorate the living room with the housekeeper's photo.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
A few years later，I was invited to be a judge at a music competition of senior high school students.
After the competition，“Michael” ran to me，holding a violin box.
【参考范文】
A few years later，I was invited to be a judge at a music competition of senior high school students.Fascinated by the gentle sound of one participant，I was wholeheartedly impressed by his wonderful performance and solid strength.As I flicked my eyes up to glance at the performer，I was so astonished to see a thin face，so familiar，yet now lit up with joy and confidence.The “thief”！ For an instant，I was amazed that the kindness I offered to cover the boy's misconduct would made such a big difference!
After the competition，“Michael” ran to me，holding a violin box.He asked with a tremble in his voice，with his thin face reddening with excitement，“Sir，do you recognize me？The nephew! It's your kindness that enlightens my life，so does your violin.Today，I can give back this violin to you without regret...” Tears welled up in my eyes.Never had I anticipated that a tiny white lie would inject such great power into others and change their life.
1/6课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Police investigated him for three years before the breakthrough(重大进展) came.
2．It was a difficult concept(概念) to grasp，but I soon latched on.
3．His painting went through both representational and abstract(抽象的) periods.
4．These policies could cause severe(很严重的) economic and social dislocation.
5．Scientists have sounded a note of caution on the technique(技巧)．
6．She poured the dark brown liquid(液体) down the sink.
7．After four months in foreign parts，every hour at home was precious(宝贵的)．
8．He instantly grasped(领会) that Stephen was talking about his wife.
9．He was studying the complex(复杂的) similarities and differences between humans and animals.
10．Trickle water gently(轻柔地) over the back of your baby's head.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Parents can begin good organization (条理) habits with preschool age kids.Experts recommend asking them to do small，simple actions on a regular basis with the help of parents.Maybe they open their bags and bring their lunch boxes to the kitchen，or take their shoes off at the door and put them in a nearby closet.These won't save parents much time，but they will help kids develop good habits.
When kids enter primary school，they should be ready for more responsibility.This is the time to teach them about daily routines，and help them take control over theirs.Parents and children might sit down together and make a list of everything that needs to be done to get out of the house in the morning，or get ready for bed at night.Together，parents should figure out how long each activity takes，and when is the best time to do them.Some of the kids might want to get their bags ready and pick out their clothes the night before.
It's also wise to create a firm schedule for homework.When do kids do their homework How long do they need Where do they do it Where will the homework go once it is done Figure them out and stick to the schedule as much as possible.
Parents should print up these task lists and help kids finish them step by step.Kids might even check them off each morning or evening.Also，make sure there are clocks in the rooms in which these tasks will take place.Time management is an important part of learning organization，but it can't be done if kids don't know what time it is.
Organization gives kids the chance to make it possible to focus on a task and complete it.Kids tend to be more motivated to learn organization skills if they see organization as a challenge to overcome，rather than a fault to repair.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何培养孩子做事有条理的习惯，给家长提出了一些建议。
1．Why are kids advised to do small and simple actions
A．To save parents' time.
B．To join a school organization.
C．To form a good relationship with others.
D．To help kids form good habits.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段“These won't save parents much time，but they will help kids develop good habits.”可知，专家建议学龄前的孩子在家长的帮助下，做一些小的、简单的事情，因为这样有助于孩子养成良好的习惯。故选D 项。]
2．What should parents do to help kids develop organization skills
A．Offer some suggestions only.
B．Finish the daily tasks for kids.
C．Assist kids in finishing the daily tasks.
D．Let kids finish the daily tasks alone.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段“ to create a firm schedule for homework”和第四段“Parents should print up these task lists and help kids finish them step by step.”可知，父母帮助孩子完成日常任务，帮助孩子发展组织能力。故选C项。]
3．What does the author think of organization for kids
A．It is a fault to repair.
B．It is nothing special.
C．It is easy to achieve.
D．It is a helpful skill.
D [推理判断题。根据第五段“Organization gives kids the chance to make it possible to focus on a task and complete it.”可知，作者认为做事有条理对孩子来说是一项有用的技能。故选D项。]
4．What is the main idea of the text
A．Assisting parents with a good parent child relationship.
B．Parents should spend more time with kids.
C．Giving advice on developing kids' good organization habits.
D．Parents should make kids more independent.
C [主旨大意题。第一段建议学龄前儿童从小的、简单的事情做起；第二段建议家长教育孩子关于日常事务的安排；第三、四段是在孩子们上小学后，父母可以制定一个严格的家庭作业时间表，建议家长将任务表打印出来，并逐步帮助孩子完成任务；最后一段介绍了做事有条理的益处。由此可知，文章主要介绍了关于如何培养孩子的做事有条理的习惯，并给家长提出了一些建议。故选C项。]
B
An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas Mountains with the help of coffee growers.
Since 2016，San Lucas areas have been threatened by mining and coca(古柯) planting.Gold miners and coca growers make more money than coffee farmers.Now the group WebConserva helps link coffee farmers with coffee processors from around the country in order that they can earn more.At the same time coffee farms can serve as borders around forests to protect the biodiversity within.
To date，the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants.WebConserva said it hopes，in time，200 families will be included.At that level，20，000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected.The families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals.In return，they receive $300 for 125 kilograms of coffee.
Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part.His coffee farm sets up a barrier between cattle farms and forests where wild animals live，thus reducing the possibility of conflict between cattle farmers and wild animals.“Cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against my faith，and now I feel that growing coffee lets me be a good guard of the land，” he said.
Arnobis Romero is a former coca grower and miner.“Many families depended on illegal activities to support their children years ago.Now，we feel it a duty to look after this biodiversity and to leave it for future generations，” he said.
Activists want San Lucas to be protected as a national park，but the process has been slow.Carlos Valderrama，director of WebConserva，hopes the project can build a production system that will last far into the future.“It protects forests，biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time as improving coffee growers' quality of life，” he said.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了哥伦比亚的一个环保组织WebConserva帮助和鼓励哥伦比亚农民尝试种植咖啡以保护环境。
5．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Gold miners.
B．WebConserva members.
C．Coffee farmers.
D．Coca grower.
C [代词指代题。根据第二段中“Now the group WebConserva helps link coffee farmers with coffee processors from around the country in order that they can earn more.”可知WebConserva帮助咖啡种植者与全国各地的加工商建立联系。由此可知，画线词they指的是“咖啡种植者”。故选C项。]
6．How does WebConserva save wild areas in San Lucas
A．By setting up a barrier.
B．By increasing cattle farms.
C．By developing gold mining.
D．By encouraging coffee farming.
D [推理判断题。根据第三段“To date，the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants.WebConserva said it hopes，in time，200 families will be included.At that level，20，000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected.The families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals.In return，they receive $300 for 125 kilograms of coffee.”可知，WebConserva通过鼓励当地居民种植咖啡以拯救圣卢卡斯的野生地区。故选D项。]
7．What does the author intend to show by mentioning Arcadio Barajas and Arnobis Romero
A．There are families having a sense of duty.
B．The project will attract more and more families.
C．Families have enough money for their children.
D．Coffee planting will last for several generations.
A [推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘Cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against my faith，and now I feel that growing coffee lets me be a good guard of the land，’he said.”以及第五段中“‘Many families depended on illegal activities to support their children years ago.Now，we feel it a duty to look after this biodiversity and to leave it for future generations，’he said.”可推断，Arcadio Barajas和Arnobis Romero都是有责任感的家庭。故选A项。]
8．What can be inferred from the text
A．Families protecting wildlife will get very rich.
B．WebConserva benefits ecosystems and local people's life.
C．Gold mining and coca farming have been replaced rapidly.
D．San Lucas will develop into a national park in the near future.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘It protects forests，biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time as improving coffee growers' quality of life，’he said.”可知，WebConserva有益于生态系统和当地人民的生活。故选B项。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Daily Habits of Naturally Productive People
When it comes to being more efficient at your job，you know the basics.But research shows a whole new side of productivity you may not have realized. 1
Focus on being happier.
2 Even if a low mood does not completely disable you from functioning，it can decrease your productivity to make you far less efficient.Also，don't hesitate to seek help.This will not only help you achieve a more stable work life balance，but a new outlook can also open you up to new opportunities and necessary changes.
Prioritize fitness.
You know the countless benefits of exercise. 3 Even 30 minute bursts of moderate to high physical activity just three to four times a day can go a long way in helping you accomplish your personal and professional goals.If you're really not a fan of the gym，join a group class to keep yourself motivated.
4
Pressing pause is important.Studies show that prolonged tasks that require high levels of focus，energy，and attention can cause you to become less productive and focused over time.Take brief mental breaks.When we take “health breaks” we are much more focused and engaged for our next work，in contrast，when we try to work continually on a project without breaks our quality of work tends to deteriorate.
Don't try to do everything at once.
People believe the more we can do at once，the better. 5 In fact，the more we multitask，the less efficient and productive we become.Instead，to increase productivity，focus on one task at a time until it's completed and then give all of your attention to the next task.
A．Take breaks at times.
B．Make productivity first.
C．However，research shows the opposite.
D．Studies found happier people are more productive.
E．Have a look at these habits of naturally productive people.
F．It improves your mood and increases your brain's productivity.
G．Researches show that daylight exposure improves your levels of activity.
【语篇解读】 当你在工作中更有效率的时候，你知道基本原理。但研究表明，你可能还没有意识到生产率的全新一面。文章主要介绍了做事高效的人的几个日常习惯。
1．E [根据上文“When it comes to being more efficient at your job，you know the basics.But research shows a whole new side of productivity you may not have realized.”结合后文主要说明了几个有助于提高效率的好习惯，可知E选项符合语境，起到了总起下文的作用。]
2．D [根据小标题“Focus on being happier.(专注于变得更快乐)”以及后文“Even if a low mood does not completely disable you from functioning，it can decrease your productivity to make you far less efficient.Also，don't hesitate to seek help.This will not only help you achieve a more stable work life balance，but a new outlook can also open you up to new opportunities and necessary changes.”可知，后文提到情绪低落会使效率降低，可推知反过来快乐的人工作效率更高，且D选项中happier与标题中happier相对应。故选D。]
3．F [根据上文“You know the countless benefits of exercise.”以及后文“Even 30 minute bursts of moderate to high physical activity just three to four times a day can go a long way in helping you accomplish your personal and professional goals.If you're really not a fan of the gym，join a group class to keep yourself motivated.”可知，上文讲锻炼的好处，下文举具体例子，由此推知，本句承接上文说明锻炼的好处，F 项中的 It 指代前句的 exercise。故选F。]
4．A [设空处为本段小标题。根据本段内容可知，本段讲有的工作需要全身心地投入，会很累，如果不间断地工作下去，效率会很低，这时需要我们的身心都需要休息，且后文中“Take brief mental breaks.”与A选项中Take breaks相对应。故A选项“偶尔休息”符合语境，可作为本段小标题。故选A。]
5．C [根据上文“People believe the more we can do at once，the better.”以及后文“In fact，the more we multitask，the less efficient and productive we become.Instead，to increase productivity，focus on one task at a time until it's completed and then give all of your attention to the next task.”可知，上文提到人们认为同时做越多事越好，后文则说同时做很多事效率和创造力都降低了，可知前后为转折关系，说明情况正好相反，人们不应该一次性做很多事情。故选C。]
5/7Section Ⅲ READING & WRITING
阅读“READING CLUB 1”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What did pupils use at school five hundred years ago
A．Paper. B．Slates.
C．Tablets. D．Whiteboards.
2．According to the passage，which one is not the true statement in 2050
A．We probably have software to replace translators.
B．Chinese will be the most popular language in the world.
C．Students will use tablets or smartphones to study.
D．Textbooks may disappear in schools.
[答案] 1－2 BB
Words and Phrases
entitle vt.名为……；使有权利
(教材P40)The drawing is entitled “It's Time to Water the Flowers”．
这幅画的标题是“该浇花了”。
[例] You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65.
你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。
[知识拓展]
entitle sb.to do sth. 给某人权利/资格做某事
entitle sb.to sth. 授予某人某项权利
be entitled 叫作，称为；题目是
be entitled to do sth. 对……享有权利；有(做某事)的资格
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Till now don't I entitle to request(request) you what
②Their educational qualifications entitle them to a higher salary.
access n．通路；访问，入口
(教材P43)...as many classrooms have Internet access，video facilities and interactive whiteboards.
……许多教室都有互联网接入、视频设施和互动白板。
[例] You need a password to get access to the computer system.
使用这个计算机系统需要口令。
[知识拓展]
(1)give access to 接近，准许进入
have/gain/get/obtain access to... 接见，会见，有权进入……，拥有……
的机会
the access to... 进入……的通道
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的，可进入的
be accessible to... 能接近……；可使用……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The only access to the town is across the bridge.
②20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.
③The documents are not accessible(access) to the public.
in most cases在大多数情况下；一般地
(教材P43)But in most cases，one thing hasn't changed...there's still a teacher!
但在大多数情况下，有一件事没有改变……仍然有一个老师！
[例] Investors can simply pay cash，but this isn't a workable solution in most cases.
投资者可以直接付现金，但这个办法在大多数情况下都不可行。
[知识拓展]
in case 万一……的话；以防，免得，以防万一
in case of 如果发生……；若在……情况下；万一
in any case 无论如何，反正，不管怎样
in no case 决不，在任何情形下都不(置于句首时要倒装)
in this/that case 假设这样/那样的话；在这种/那种情况下
[即学即练] 完成句子
①You'd better take the keys in case I'm out(以防我出去)．
②It would be safer to take more money with you in case of emergency(以防紧急情况)．
③In no case should we prevent(我们绝不能阻止) the students from exploring new ideas.
arrange v．筹备；安排；整理；布置，排列
(教材P44)The furniture is light so they can arrange it as they wish，and the cabinets are low so the children can reach them.
家具很轻，这样他们就可以随心所欲地摆放，橱柜很低，这样孩子们就可以够到它们。
[例] We've to arrange how to get to the airport.
我们不得不安排如何到达机场。
[知识拓展]
(1)arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事；约定做某事
arrange for sb.to do sth. 安排某人做某事
(2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备
make arrangements for... 安排……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She's arranged for her son to go swimming lessons next month.
②We made arrangements(arrange) for the coming festival.
③He arranged for a car to pick(pick) up his wife.
Sentence Pattern
It强调句
(教材P44)It is the child that controls the pace，topic and lessons，not the rest of the class or the teacher.
是孩子控制着进度、话题和课程，而不是其他人或老师。
句式分析：本句是一个强调句，强调主语the child。
[例1] It was in May that you can see this kind of flower.你在五月可以看到这种花。
[例2] It was her English teacher that the girl loves.
这个女孩爱的是她的英语老师。
[知识拓展]
(1)强调结构的陈述句式为“It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that (who)...”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that(注意不用which)。
(2)一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即“Is/Was it＋ 被强调部分 ＋that/who...”。特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(Who/What/When/Where/Why/How)＋is/was it that...”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It was I who/that saw Tom in the park this morning.
②It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.
段落大意类
阅读过程中，把握段落大意有助于我们快速把握整段内容，在做阅读理解题目时能够准确找出问题设置所在的段落，从而快速有效地进行答案整合。那么我们如何把握段落大意呢？
[例题剖析]
Popularity is a well explored subject in socialpsychology.Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.The likables' plays well with others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships，jump start interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behaviour. 段落的大意通常在首句体现，即我们所说的主题句。采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后。说明文或议论文一般主题句出现在句首。有时候主题句出现在段落中间，甚至没有明确的主题句，这就要求我们根据段落的内容进行概括归纳。根据本段第二句可知，受欢迎的人被分为两类：受人喜爱的人和追求地位的人，接着第三、四句分别描述了两类受欢迎的人的特征，故A项最能概括本段的主要内容。
◆What is the paragraph mainly about
A．The classification of the popular.
B．The characteristics of adolescents.
C．The importance of interpersonal skills.
D．The causes of dishonorable behavior.
[答案] A
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这段文字的大意
Our results indicate that mind body interventions can reduce individual disease burden as well as the utilization of healthcare resources and are well suited to the changing healthcare environment.Mind body interventions are inexpensive relative to the cost of an emergency room visit，a hospitalization，or even other alternative medicine treatments.
◆What does the paragraph mainly tell us
A．The change of healthcare resources.
B．The advantages of mind body interventions.
C．The variety of mind body interventions.
D．The comparison of mind body interventions and emergency.
[答案] B
描述一幅图画
本单元的写作项目是描述一幅图画，属于说明文写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1．开头(the beginning)——简要介绍图画；
2．主体(the middle)——分析图画内容；
3．结尾(the ending)——从图画中学到什么。
[常用词块]
1．be cruel to sb.对某人残忍
2．do damage to...对……很大伤害
3．be crossed at sb.for sth.因某事向某人发脾气
4．express one's gratitude to sb.for sth.因某事向某人表达感激
5．be relevant to...和……相关
6．be of great significance to...对……至关重要
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．This is a funny and instructive picture，from which we can see the mother is scolding her son.
这是一张有趣又有教育意义的照片，从中我们可以看到母亲在责骂儿子。
2．As is shown/indicated in the picture，two men are arguing about how to get across the river.
如图画所示，两个人正在争论如何过河。
★正文佳句
1．Apparently，the cartoon reflects a major social problem.
很显然，这幅漫画反映了一个主要的社会问题。
2．After seeing the picture，I was greatly shocked by the phenomenon.
看到这张照片后，我被这一现象震惊了。
★余味结尾
1．Consequently，it is high time that measures should be taken to avoid this phenomenon from happening again.
因此，现在是采取措施避免这种现象再次发生的时候了。
2．In the long run，it will have a negative influence on constructing a harmonious society.
从长远来看，它将对构建和谐社会产生负面影响。
请你根据下面的图画和画中的单词提示，写一篇短文。要求：
要求：词数80左右。
注意：内容充实，文章连贯，条理清楚。
[学生习作]
In the picture，a boy is trapped by a big stone and “Laziness” is written on it.The boy is holding a balloon，which has a word “talent”．However，the balloon can't help him fly up.The picture really tells us a lot.Even if you are gifted in many things，you can't just rely on your talent.Talent really can lead you to success，but can't guarantee.Only by hard work can you reach your goal.So，you should try hard even if you are quite bright. 点评：1.本篇短文内容充实，结构合理，第一段描述了图画的内容，第二段就图画所反映的问题进行了论述，第三段提出了观点并发出了号召。2.能够使用定语从句、被动语态等高级句式进行表达，文章语言丰富。
[升格作文]
From the picture I can see a boy trapped by a heavy stone，on which “Laziness” was said.One of the boy's hands is holding a balloon，which has a word “talent”．However，the balloon can't help him fly up because of the heavy stone down below.
The picture really sends a message to us.Even if you are gifted to some degree，you can't just rely on your talent.Talent does some support to your success，but can't guarantee.Working hard is the base to make sure you can reach your goal.
So，you should try hard even if you are quite bright.
观察下面的一幅漫画，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。内容包括：
1．简要描述漫画内容；
2．说明图片所反映的社会现状；
3．发表自己的观点和看法。
参考词汇：农民工(off farm workers)
【参考范文】
There stands a tall tree in which there is a beautiful house called the city's primary school.Under it，five little birds，on whose backs are written five characters which mean “children of off farm workers”，are sitting on the ground，with their eyes looking at the house well above.
As we know，a lot of off farm workers come to cities to earn their living.They try their best to serve the city，but they can't afford the expensive schooling for their children.
I hope there will be enough schools for the off farm workers' children；this way we can enjoy a better life together.
