课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects.Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement.For example，some advertisers have appealed to people's desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage.Some of the products work.Others are worthless and a waste of consumers' money.
Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading.A few years ago，a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice.It turned out that the bread was not dietetic，but just regular bread.There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin，but there was the same number of calories in every loaf.
On the positive side，emotional appeals may respond to a consumer's real concerns.Consider fire insurance.Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss.But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance.The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people.If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads，they will benefit from the advertising.
Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation.Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers.But it does not force them to buy the product.Consumers still control the final buying decision.
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了广告的吸引力有积极影响也有消极影响，但买不买商品最终决定权在消费者手中。
1．Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by ．
A．stressing their high quality
B．convincing him of their low price
C．maintaining a balance between quality and price
D．appealing to his buying motives
D [推理判断题。从第一段看出，广告能说服人购买没有价值的产品就是因为它能投其所好，抓住消费者的购买心理。故选D。]
2．The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ．
A．thin slices of bread could contain more calories
B．the loaf was cut into regular slices
C．the bread was not genuine bread
D．the loaf contained fewer calories sliced thin
D [细节理解题。文章第二段举了一个消费者被误导的例子。由本段最后一句可知，面包广告的误导性在于一块面包被切成薄片时所含的热量减少。]
3．It can be inferred from the text that a smart consumer should ．
A．think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements
B．guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements
C．be familiar with various advertising strategies
D．avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal
A [推理判断题。广告的目的是吸引消费者，但不能强迫消费者购买，最终的选择权还是在消费者手里。故选A。]
4．The text is mainly about ．
A．how to make a wise buying decision
B．ways to protect the interests of the consumer
C．the positive and negative aspects of advertising
D．the function of advertisements in promoting sales
C [主旨大意题。文章的主旨就在开头处“The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects.”故选C。]
B
For as long as we've known about it，humans have searched for a cure for cancer.Across the world，countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop this terrible disease.But now，it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time.
Recently，the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in the US，a government agency that's responsible for healthcare，approved a new form of gene therapy(疗法) that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer.
The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune(有免疫力的) cells of sick patients to fight leukemia(白血病) — a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people.
The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient，known as T cells，which are then changed to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells.
The cells are then put back into the patient before they begin to get rid of the patient's leukemia over time similar to how the body fights off other illnesses.
“This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients，” Louis J．DeGennaro，president of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society，said in a news release.
Up until now，a long and painful marrow transplant(骨髓移植) was the only option for many leukemia patients.
In this procedure，healthy blood cells are taken from a donator and placed into the sick patient，who also has to go through chemotherapy (化疗) to allow their body to adjust to the new cells.
But with a recovery rate of around 83% — according to a news release published by the FDA — it's hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital，or even death，are over for leukemia sufferers.
“We're entering a new frontier in medical innovation(创新) with the ability to reprogram a patient's own cells to attack a deadly cancer，” FDA representative Scott Gottlieb said in the release.“New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses.”
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了医学领域的一项重大进步。美国食品药品监督管理局批准了一项新的基因疗法—通过“训练”患者有免疫力的细胞去杀死癌细胞。实验已经证明这一疗法相当有效，并且前景光明。
5．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage
A．To compare different ways of curing leukemia.
B．To report on a breakthrough in cancer treatment.
C．To explore the potential of gene and cell therapies.
D．To show scientists' efforts in search of a cure for cancer.
B [推理判断题。通览全文可知，文章介绍了医学领域的一项重大进步。美国食品药品监督管理局批准了一项新的基因疗法——通过“训练”患者有免疫力的细胞去杀死癌细胞。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是要报导一项癌症治疗领域的新突破。故选B。]
6．How does the new treatment to fight leukemia work
A．By using changed T cells to destroy cancer cells.
B．By replacing sick blood cells with healthy ones.
C．By removing sick blood cells during marrow transplant.
D．By using chemotherapy to improve the patient's immune system.
A [细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The therapy allows scientists to ‘train’ the immune cells of sick patients to fight leukemia—a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people.”可知，新的基因疗法是通过“训练”患者有免疫力的细胞去杀死癌细胞。故选A。]
7．What can be inferred about the new therapy for leukemia sufferers
A．It can save them many more trips to the hospital.
B．It can improve their ability to fight off all kinds of cancer.
C．It can give them a better chance of survival and recovery.
D．It can reduce their pain in the process of marrow transplant.
C [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“it's hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital，or even death，are over for leukemia sufferers”可知，由于这项新疗法，白血病患者有望战胜癌症，从病痛折磨中恢复，并活下来。故选C。]
8．What is Scott Gottlieb's attitude toward gene and cell therapies
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Worried. D．Casual.
B [观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses.”可知，Scott Gottlieb认为基因和细胞疗法有望让我们治疗甚至治愈一些难以治疗的疾病。因此Scott Gottlieb对于基因和细胞疗法持乐观态度。故选B。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Scientists in London say they have found the best diet for both humans and the planet.If the world followed the so called “planetary health” diet，the scientists told Reuters that each year more than 11 million early deaths could be prevented.Scientists say that the way we produce and eat food is very bad for the planet.For the health of the planet，they claim the same diet would reduce greenhouse gases and save more land，water and animals.
Tim Lang，a professor at Britain's University of London，co led the research.He told Reuters，“The food we eat and how we produce it determines change what we eat and the way we eat by improving food production and reducing food waste.”
Well，what do you eat on the planetary health diet The scientists who created this diet say it is largely plant based but still has small amounts of dairy，fish and meat.The diet calls for cutting red meat and sugar by 50 percent and doubling the amount of nuts，fruits，vegetables and legumes.
Food situations around the world are not equal.In certain areas，this would mean great changes.People in North America，for example，eat 6.5 times the recommended amount of red meat.On the other hand，people in South Asia eat only half the amount suggested by the new planetary health diet.Meeting the targets for vegetables would need big changes in other areas.In sub Saharan Africa，people on average eat 7.5 times the suggested amount of vegetables like potatoes and cassava.
The scientists admit their goal will be difficult to achieve.But for them doing nothing is also not an option.Willet said，“If we can't quite make it，it's better to try and get as close as we can.”
【参考范文】
Scientists claim they have obtained the best diet benefiting both humans and the planet.Tim Lang，the leader of the research，emphasized the significance of changing the food and the way we eat.In other words，it is more scientific for diet to be more based on plants than animals.However，the food condition is not globally balanced.Tough as the target is to realize，it is worth trying.
2/61．Whoever controls the media，controls the mind.
—Jim Morrison
控制了媒体，也就控制了思想。
——吉姆·莫里森
2．Advertising may be described as the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it.
—Stephen Leacock
广告可以被描述为长时间俘虏人类智慧以从中赚钱的科学。
——斯蒂芬·里柯克
3．The difference between journalism and literature is that journalism is unreadable and literature is not read.
—Oscar Wilde
报纸和文学的区别是，报纸没法读，而文学则没人读。
——奥斯卡·王尔德
4．Journalism largely consists in saying “Lord Jones Dead” to people who never knew that Lord Jones was alive.
—G.K.Chesterton
新闻工作在很大程度上就是对那些从来不知道琼斯勋爵还活着的人说“琼斯勋爵死了”。
——吉尔伯特·基思·切斯特顿
Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers.Television's influence on advertising is fourfold.First，narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience.The Golf Channel，for instance.Second，there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers，and thus，advertisers.This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed.Third，digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch.Fourth，control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.
The media is now occupying too much of our time.Many teenagers are spending so much time in using computers that it seems computers are their whole life.Their life belongs to the media rather than themselves.
The media can hinder people to get in touch with the nature.They understand the outside world by surfing the Internet and watching TV.Except of that，more and more people are having cell phones which can help them obtain information they want.Because of the information technology，less people choose laggard information tools，such as newspapers and books.For them it is easy to understand the world by media.What is more，in such a busy world，most of people cannot pay much attention to what they are doing.The people who lived several scores ago did not have any media as we have today.However，they invented the computers，televisions，movies and other tools for entertainment for the modern people.There is no doubt that the reason they did that is to make the life of modern people happy.Unfortunately，as an old saying goes，one coin has two sides.People have been losing themselves from the beginning of the prevailing of those things.A person may spend a whole day in front of the computer，which makes him/her spend less time with others.So please don't lose yourself in the ocean of information.
[探究发现]
1．How many kinds of media are mentioned in the passage
5.
2．Why did people many years ago invent computers，televisions and other kinds of media
They wanted to make the life of modern people happy.课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We used to go(go) sailing on the lake in summer.
2．When my parents were away，my grandmother would take care of me.
3．The per capita consumption of alcohol has dropped(drop) over the past two years.
4．What should the advertiser(advertise) have said and what did he actually say instead
5．Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in combination with physical surveillance.
6．The desks in the classroom were all spotted with ink.
7．They knew they could not compete against business from the U．S.
8．New goals are not always consistent(consist) with the existing policies.
9．Today there are many attractions(attract) in these three cities.
10．The authority must make suitable(suit) accommodation available to the family.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Have you ever experienced any inconvenience caused by language barriers while travelling Have you ever thought how awesome those language courses would be if they didn't cost so much money and require so much time
Translaty is created to serve this purpose—without wasting your money and time on language courses，you can instantly become “fluent” in more than 40 languages with this genius device!
What is Translaty
Translaty is a simple yet life changing invention that helps you to overcome any obstacle caused by foreign languages，whether you're in a business meeting with an international client or sunbathing somewhere on a Spanish beach.This small but ingenious device is able to instantly recognize and translate over 40 different languages，making intercultural communication completely effortless!
What languages can you actually communicate in
Translaty has more than 40 languages pre installed，so you're able to use it the minute you get it! It provides fast and accurate two way communication and allows you to install some other languages that you might be missing.
What makes Translaty so special
*It makes travelling easier—forget language barriers and become “fluent” in more than 40 languages.
*It helps with business—strengthening your international business relationships.It's easy when you speak the same language.
*It assists in daily life—allowing you to overcome language differences between you and your foreign friends.
*It's convenient and easy to use—lightweight and simple design ensure it's there when you need it the most.
*It offers 100% accurate，two way translations.
*The high quality sound and recording ensure there are no misunderstandings.
To sum up—get it if you can!
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了语言翻译设备Translaty，包括其用途、特色等。
1．Translaty can help users ．
A．better understand foreigners
B．learn foreign languages well
C．spend less in learning a language
D．build relationships with colleagues
A [细节理解题。根据What is Translaty？部分第一句“Translaty is a simple yet life changing invention that helps you to overcome any obstacle...on a Spanish beach”可知，Translaty可以帮助人们克服任何由外语带来的障碍，无论是在和国际客户的商务会议上，还是在西班牙海滩上的某个地方晒太阳。由此可知，Translaty能帮助用户更好地理解外国人。故选A。]
2．What is special about Translaty
A．It's secure. B．It's strong.
C．It's reliable. D．It's affordable.
C [细节理解题。根据What makes Translaty so special？部分中的“It offers 100% accurate，two way translations”以及“The high quality sound and recording ensure there are no misunderstandings”可知，Translaty翻译的内容精确，且其优质的声音和录音能确保交际中没有误解。由此可知，Translaty比较可靠。故选C。]
3．What's the purpose of the text
A．To report. B．To advertise.
C．To appeal. D．To reply.
B [写作目的题。文章第一段陈述旅行时经历的由语言障碍造成的不便和语言课程费钱、费时的情况从而引出对Translaty的介绍，然后文章依次介绍了Translaty的用途、可翻译的语言的数量以及其特别之处，并在最后引导人们购买该设备。由此可推知，本文的目的是为Translaty这个设备做广告。故选B。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
Kyle Cassidy and three other members of a running group were stretching on the grounds of a university of Pennsylvania，waiting for the runners falling behind.They meet three days a week for a roughly 30 minute 1 .But on this day，it would not be their normal run.
A man 2 past them.Cassidy discovered why he was so fleet of foot when another man ran by，yelling，“Help! He took my phone and laptop！” At that moment，the group ran， 3 the suspect down the streets until he 4 into a construction site(建筑工地)．The runners spilt up.Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to 5 the thief while the others 6 the neighborhood hoping he had dropped the things in a backyard.
No 7 .So they decided to ask people living there whether they'd seen the guy.They were in for a 8 when they knocked on the 9 of one row house. 10 to them，the man had already come out of the construction site—and was hiding behind a bush by that very house.As the owner opened the door，the 11 rushed out from behind the bush and right into the arms of campus police，who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.
The members of this running group are not 12 runners.But they do understand the 13 of a little exercise.“Running is typically a 14 sport where you turn fat cells into heat，” Cassidy said.“But occasionally it can be useful，and here was one of those 15 .”
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了Kyle Cassidy所在的跑步俱乐部成员和警察等众人合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌疑犯抓获的故事。
1．A.jog B．walk
C．rest D．discussion
A [根据上文“waiting for the runners falling behind”以及下文“it would not be their normal run”可知是跑步。故选A。]
2．A.slid B．marched
C．drove D．shot
D [根据下文“Cassidy discovered why he was so fleet of foot”可知是快速冲过。故选D。]
3．A.dragging B．sending
C．tracking D．hurrying
C [根据后文“the suspect down the streets”可知，因为是嫌疑犯，所以大伙跟踪他。故选C。]
4．A.ducked B．stepped
C．squeezed D．rolled
A [根据下文“the man had already come out of the construction site”可知是躲进了一个建筑工地。故选A。]
5．A.pick up B．observe
C．cut off D．question
C [根据空前“Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to”可知，Cassidy跑到工地的另一边目的是把小偷拦截下来。故选C。]
6．A.wandered B．cleaned
C．protected D．controlled
A [根据空后“hoping he had dropped the things in a backyard.”可知，因为希望嫌疑犯把东西扔在后院，所以其他人在社区徘徊。故选A。]
7．A.luck B．pride
C．response D．doubt
A [根据后文“So they decided to ask people living there whether they'd seen the guy.”可知，因为运气不好，所以他们决定问问住在那里的人是否见过这个家伙。故选A。]
8．A.mystery B．surprise
C．regret D．puzzle
B [根据后面句子“the man had already come out of the construction site—and was hiding behind a bush by that very house.”他们不知道嫌疑犯就藏在那所房子旁边的灌木丛后面。可知，他们没想到嫌疑犯藏在灌木丛后面，所以很吃惊。故选B。]
9．A.wall B．window
C．roof D．door
D [根据下文“As the owner opened the door”可知是敲门。故选D。]
10．A.Unknown B．Familiar
C．Disturbing D．Fundamental
A [根据前文描述可知，这群人没有看到嫌疑犯了，所以此处表示他们不知道就躲在这所房子旁边的灌木丛后面。故选A。]
11．A.policeman B．owner
C．suspect D．woman
C [根据上文“the man had already come out of the construction site—and was hiding behind a bush by that very house”可知是嫌疑犯，故选C。]
12．A.famous B．professional
C．potential D．regular
B [由文章第一段“Kyle Cassidy and three other members of a running group were stretching on the grounds of a university of Pennsylvania”可知，这些跑步运动员不是专业的跑步者。故选B。]
13．A.trick B．price
C．consequence D．benefit
D [由后文描述“Running is typically a sport where you turn fat cells into heat”可知，少量运动是有好处的。故选D。]
14．A.dangerous B．rewarding
C．useless D．meaningful
B [根据上文“But they do understand the of a little exercise”可知跑步是有益的。故选B。]
15．A.challenges B．decisions
C．customs D．opportunities
D [这里是指跑步的人帮助抓小偷的事情，Kyle Cassidy认为这是跑步有用的一个机会。故选D。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
When the Lebanese director Nadine Labaki was doing research for her film Capernaum(何以为家)，she interviewed many children 1. (struggle) for survival in Beirut and asked them one question2. the end of the conversations.
The question was，“ Are you happy to be alive？” Sadly，the 3.________(true) is that most of the answers were negative.The children from poverty stricken 4.________(family) talked about their miserable situations 5.________ they were abused (辱骂) and badly treated.
The 2 hour film begins with a story about Zain，6.________ 12 year old boy who asks the parents why he is brought to the world with flashback shots about his sufferings appearing constantly.He is indeed a strong and wise character，although 7.________(physical) smaller than his real age.
Besides，most of the other actors found it easy for them 8.________(act) because similar experiences even happened in 9.________(they) real life.So far，the film which premiered (首映) at the film festival 10.________(receive) a lot of praise.
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了黎巴嫩电影《何以为家》——12岁的男主角赞恩开场就在法庭上陈述：“我要起诉我的父母，因为他们生下了我。”是什么样的经历让一个孩子做出了如此不可思议的举动呢？虽然这个故事发生在战乱的黎巴嫩，但相关的现实主义话题，即“生而不养”、“父母是否需要拥有资格证”等，都让现场观众热烈讨论起来，引发了很多人共鸣。
1．struggling [考查非谓语动词。句意：她采访了很多在黎巴嫩为生存而挣扎的孩子。本句中interview是谓语动词，挣扎是第二个动词，两个动词之间没有连词，表示主动用现在分词，故填struggling。]
2．at [考查词性转换。句意：在对话结束时，她问了一个问题。at the end of表示在……末尾，故填 at。]
3．truth [考查名词复数。句意：令人伤心的是，真实情况是大部分的回答是消极的。冠词后用名词。故填truth。]
4．families [考查名词。句意：来自贫困家庭的孩子们说他们经常遭到辱骂和虐待。表示来自很多家庭的孩子们，家庭用名词复数。故填families。]
5．where [考查定语从句。句意：来自贫困家庭的孩子们说他们经常遭到辱骂和虐待。先行词是situations，在定语从句中作状语，用where，故填where。]
6．a [考查冠词。句意：电影讲述了12岁男孩赞恩在黎巴嫩的艰难成长历程，用倒叙的镜头不断地描述他的痛苦，他起诉控告自己的父母为什么生下他，用冠词修饰名词。故填a。]
7．physically [考查词性转换。句意：尽管比他的真实年龄更小。副词修饰形容词，故填physically。]
8．to act [考查非谓语动词。句意：另外很多其他的演员发现他们表演起来很容易。find＋it ＋形容词for somebody to do，是固定句式，表示“发现对某人来说做某事怎样”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故填to act。]
9．their [考查代词。句意：因为相似的经历甚至在他们的真实生活中发生过。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填their。]
10．has received [考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，这部电影在电影节首映中受到了高度赞扬。so far到目前为止，是现在完成时的标志，故填has received。]
7/7Section Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.freedom A．n.预算
vi.& vt. 把……编入预算
( )2.visual B．n.幸福，健康；福利
( )3.upload C．n.代理处
( )4.witness D．n.地点
( )5.spot E．vt.预料，预期
( )6.agency F．vt.亲身经历；目击
( )7.commercial G．adj.商业的，商务的
( )8.budget H．vi.&vt.(使)上载，上传
n． 上载(上传)的信息
( )9.anticipate I．adj.of or connected with seeing or
sight
( )10.welfare J．n.the right to do or say what you
want without anyone stopping you
[答案] 1－5 JIHFD 6－10 CGAEB
B．短语匹配
( )1.consist of A．对……做出贡献
( )2.be suitable for B．参与；参加
( )3.be used to doing sth. C．由……组成
( )4.stand out D．习惯于做某事
( )5.make a contribution to E．突出，显眼
( )6.participate in F．适合……
[答案] 1－6 CFDEAB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．advertise vi.&vt. 为……做广告
2．corporation n. 大型公司；企业集团
3．fundamental adj. 根本的；基本的；基础的
4．technological adj. 技术的；科技的；工艺的
5．sew vi.&vt. 缝，缝纫；缝制；缝补
6．boost n. 增长
vt. 促进，推动
7．competitive adj. 竞争性强的，有竞争力的
8．combine vi.&vt. (使)结合，(使)组合
9．genuinely adv. 真正地
10．neighbourhood n. 社区，住宅小区，街坊
Ⅰ.语境填空
freedom；budget；neighbourhood；upload；anticipate；witness；commercial；boost；sponsor；welfare
1．The information is uploaded to a computer system later.
2．We have to make the states that sponsor terrorism pay a price.
3．He grew up in a quiet neighbourhood of Moscow.
4．Welfare reform is a top priority for the government.
5．We anticipate that sales will rise next year.
6．The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy.
7．The work was finished on time and within budget．
8．Each company is fighting to protect its own commercial interests.
9．He finally won his freedom after twenty years in jail.
10．The police have appealed for witnesses to the accident.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．If I had seen the advertisement(advertise) in time I would have applied for the job.
2．These technological(technology) developments were hardly imaginable 30 years ago.
3．An advertiser(advertise)is a person or company that advertises.
4．The course is suitable(suit)for beginners and advanced students.
5．The school believes in interactive(interact)teaching methods.
6．We need to work harder to remain competitive(compete) with other companies.
7．She had never been greatly concerned about her appearance(appear)．
8．He shouted so loudly that the whole neighbourhood(neighbour)could hear him.
9．The girl has lost her father and her freedom(free)，all in one day.
10．The man spent two years as the prisoner(prison)of rebell soldiers in the mountains.
1．It was likely to be the name of a company，part of which might include the name of the place from which the product originated.
这些信息可能是公司名，其中一部分可能包含产品的原产地。
2．But then they realised that it might not be suitable for a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other.
但后来他们意识到，在一个产品和服务相互直接竞争的市场上，这可能并不合适。
3．For this reason，it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of pictures or words from experts to show people how good the product is.
因此，现在的广告常常引用专家的图片、文字，向人们展示产品有多棒。
4．The top advertisers of today believe that using humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important.
当今顶级广告商认为广告要用幽默、新颖、奇特的创意给人们带来惊喜。
5．These advertisements have helped to increase public knowledge about topics that used to be ignored by most people，and this has made our society a better place for everyone.
这些广告帮助公众增强对以往被忽视话题的公共认知，也让我们的社会更加美好。
词语助读
①advertise vt.为……做广告
advertiser n．广告商
advertisement n．广告
②fundamental adj.根本的；基本的；基础的
③purpose n．意图；目标
④promote vt.促进；提高
⑤agency n．代理处
⑥basic adj.基本的；基础的
⑦commercial adj.商业的，商务的
⑧go through经历；经受
⑨economic adj.经济的
⑩technological adj.技术的；科技的；工艺的
used to 过去常常
originate vt.创始，创造
sew vi.&vt.缝，缝纫；缝制；缝补
locate vt.位于
be located in...位于……
effective adj.有效的；起作用的
suitable adj.合适的；适宜的
competition n．竞争；竞赛
attract vt.吸引
attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的
consist of 由……构成
budget n．预算 vi.&vt.把……编入预算
amounts of 大量的；许多的
apply v．应用
because of因为；由于
boost n．增长 vt.促进，推动
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
standard n．标准
visual adj.视觉的，视力的
separate v．使分开；分割；分离
separate...from...把……从……分离
stand out 突出；显眼
combine vi.&vt.(使)结合，(使)组合
that is也就是说
concept n．观念；概念
content n．内容
adj.满足的；满意的
be content with对……满意
approach n．方法；途径；通路
genuinely adv.真正地
link vt.把……联系起来 n．联系，关联
be linked with...和……有联系
anticipate vt.预料，预期
humour n．幽默；诙谐
humorous adj.幽默的
as well as 和；同
profit n．利润，收益，盈利
contribution n．贡献
make a contribution to...对……做出贡献
welfare n．幸福，健康；福利
participate vi.参加，参与
participate in 参加
neighbourhood n．社区，住宅小区，街坊
over the last decade在过去十年里
sponsor vt.赞助，资助；为……担保
n．赞助商；资助者
ignore vt.忽视，不理睬
原文呈现
THE ADVERTISING GAME
The advertising① industry started with the fundamental② purpose③ of promoting④ and selling goods to people who might need them.Advertising agencies⑤ would create a basic⑥ type of advertisement known as a commercial⑦ advertisement.[1] Such advertisements have gone through⑧ a process of change over the years along with social，economic⑨ and technological⑩ developments.
[1]known as是过去分词短语作定语修饰advertisement。
Classic advertisements used to give information about finding certain products.It was likely to be the name of a company，part of which might include the name of the place from which the product originated ．[2] For example，it could be “Shanghai Sewing Machines”，or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”．From the name you would know what the company sells，where they are located ，and the name of the product.
[2]第一个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a company；第二个which引导定语从句修饰先行词the place。
Advertising agencies used to create this kind of advertising and it could be very effective .But then they realised that it might not be suitable for a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other.[3] Particularly now，in modern times，advertisements need to attract and hold the attention of the public.For this reason，it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of pictures or words from experts to show people how good the product is.Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy looking at.As present day advertisers often have large budgets ，huge amounts of money are spent on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible.[4] However，even this is often not enough to be noticed in a modern city.
[3]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词marketplace。
[4]as引导原因状语从句。
Because of the boost in advertising，people are used to seeing a high standard of visual design.Modern advertisements need something else to separate them from their competitors.To stand out in a world of competitive advertising，they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product”．[5] For example，some advertisements may suggest that buying a car can make you free.That is，they use the concept of freedom to sell the car.Other common ideas include happiness，wealth and success.In fact，in the world of advertisements，such content is as old as advertising itself.
[5]To stand out是不定式短语作目的状语；to make people believe...也是不定式作目的状语，that引导宾语从句，作believe的宾语。
For many of today's advertisers，repeating old ideas is not a successful approach.Ideas that would work in the past genuinely are not as effective now.They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is—most people know and anticipate that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make customers buy the product.Instead，these advertisers look for other ways to make people notice their products.The top advertisers of today believe that using humour as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important.Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and that people find interesting.[6] By doing this，they hope to make people forget that someone is trying to sell them something!
[6]两个that引导定语从句，都是修饰先行词something。
However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.[7] Some advertisements nowadays aim to make a contribution to society and welfare.For example，there are public advertisements，which encourage citizens to participate in improving their neighbourhood，protecting the environment，and helping other people.Over the last decade，the government has sponsoredadvertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS，saving water，helping the poor，giving up smoking，etc.These advertisements have helped to increase public knowledge about topics that used to be ignored by most people，and this has made our society a better place for everyone.
[7]not all...是部分否定，表示“并不都是……”。
译文参考
广告行业
广告业的根本目的是向潜在的消费者推销商品。广告代理公司创造出一种基本的广告形式，也就是我们所熟知的商业广告。与社会、经济和技术发展过程同步，多年来这些广告经历了一个变化的过程。
以前，经典的广告会给出识别产品的信息。这些信息可能是公司名，其中一部分可能包含产品的原产地。比如，“上海缝纫机厂”或“青岛啤酒公司”。一看名字，你就知道这些公司销售的具体产品、所在地点以及产品名称。
广告代理公司过去常制作这种广告，而且效果很好。但后来他们意识到，在一个产品和服务相互直接竞争的市场上，这可能并不合适。特别是在当代社会广告需要吸引、保持公众的注意力。因此，现在的广告常常引用专家的图片、文字，向人们展示产品有多棒。还有一些广告代理公司尝试制作具有观赏性的广告。现在的广告商通常预算充足，他们会花大笔的钱采用现代设计技术，让广告更具视觉吸引力。但即便是这种广告方式在现代城市中也不足以引起消费者的注意。
因为广告业的迅速发展，人们早已对那些高水准的视觉设计习以为常。现代广告需要另外一些东西，以便将它们与其他竞争者区别开来。为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信他们“必须购买这种产品”。例如，一些广告可能会暗示买车能让你自由。也就是说，广告代理公司借用自由的概念销售汽车。其他常见概念销售包括幸福、财富和成功。事实上，这些概念和广告业一样历史悠久。
对很多今天的广告商而言，重复过去的广告并不会获得成功。过去可行的想法，放到现在并不一定有效。他们意识到与产品关联的概念有多么吸引人并不重要——大多数人都明白，广告的主要目的就是让客户购买产品。于是，这些广告商转而通过寻找其他的方法，让消费者注意到自己的产品。当今顶级广告商认为广告要用幽默、新颖、奇特的创意给人们带来惊喜。他们的目的是创造一些人们从未见过的东西，从而让人们觉得有趣，进而让消费者忘记有人在试图向他们推销商品！
然而，并非所有的广告都是以营利为目的销售产品与服务。现在还有一些广告的目的在于为社会和福利作贡献，比如公益广告，它鼓励市民参与改善社区、保护环境和帮助他人的活动。过去的十年里，政府赞助了一些公益广告，教育公众防治艾滋病，呼吁民众节约用水、帮助贫困人口、戒烟等。这些广告帮助公众增强对以往被忽视话题的公共认知，也让我们的社会更加美好。
速读P58－59课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．Advertisements have a stable situation since it began.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．The advertisement “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation” shows us the price of their products.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Nowadays，advertisements should attract the attention of the public.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Many successful approaches in the past are not effective now.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．All the advertisements are not about selling products.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBAAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．which encourage citizens to participate in improving their neighbourhood
B．that used to be ignored by most people
C．from which the product originated
D．that consist of pictures or words from experts
E．where products and services are in direct competition with each other
1．It was likely to be the name of a company，part of which might include the name of the place ．
2．But then they realised that it might not be suitable for a marketplace ．
3．It's now normal to see advertisements to show people how good the product is.
4．For example，there are public advertisements， ，protecting the environment，and helping other people.
5．These advertisements have helped to increase public knowledge about topics ，and this has made our society a better place for everyone.
[答案] 1－5 CEDAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
The advertising industry The advertising industry started with the 1.fundamental purpose of promoting and selling 2.goods to people.
The classic ads Finding certain products：a.the 3.name of a companyb.what the company sellc.where they are located and what the 4.product names are
The ads in the market Attract and hold the 5.attention of the public：a.consist of 6.pictures or wordsb.advertisements that people enjoy looking at
Modern ads Design with 7.creative ways.
Repeating old ideas is not a successful approach Create something that has never been seen before with 8.humour，new and unusual ideas.
Not all advertisements are about selling products Make contributions to society，encourage citizens to 9.participate in improving their neighbourhood，protecting the 10.environment，and helping other people.
细读P58－59课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Not all advertising is about
selling products and services for a
profit.
2．Para.2 B．The ads in the market.
3．Para.3 C．Repeating old ideas is not a
successful approach.
4．Para.4 D．The advertising industry.
5．Para.5 E．Modern ads.
6．Para.6 F．The classic ads.
[答案] 1－6 DFBECA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．According to the writer，advertisements like “Shanghai Sewing Machines” or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation” are ．
A．attractive B．suitable
C．competitive D．classic
2．Nowadays，advertisements with are more attractive to people.
A．high standards of design
B．ideas linked to the products
C．high standards of design and ideas linked to the products
D．concepts of freedom，happiness，wealth and success
3．The top advertisers use humour as well as new and unusual ideas ．
A．to create something new
B．to persuade people to buy their products
C．to make people notice their products
D．all of the above
4．Public advertisements are made to encourage people to ．
A．make contributions to society
B．protect the environment
C．improve their neighbourhood
D．help other people
[答案] 1－4 DCDA
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——主题句提炼
A．阅读课文中含有段落主题句的语句
1．The advertising industry started with the fundamental purpose of promoting and selling goods to people....
2．Classic advertisements used to give information about finding certain products.
3．Repeating old ideas is not a successful approach.
B．判断下列语句哪些不是段落主题句
1．Not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.
2．Because of the boost in advertising，people are used to seeing a high standard of visual design.
3．Advertising agencies used to create this kind of advertising and it could be very effective.
[答案] 2，3
1．advertise vi.&vt.为……做广告→advertiser n．广告商→advertisement n．广告
2．technology n．技术，技巧→technological adj.技术的；科技的；工艺的
3．locate vt.位于→location n．位置
4．suit v．适合；匹配→suitable adj.合适的，适宜的
5．attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→attraction n．吸引；吸引人的事物
6．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争性强的，有竞争力的→competitor n．竞争者；对手→competition n．比赛；竞争
7．combine vi.&vt.(使)结合，(使)组合→combination n．组合，结合；联合
8．participate vi.参加，参与→participation n．参加，参与
sponsor vt.赞助，资助；为……担保；举办，促成 n．赞助商；资助者
①The race organizers are trying to attract sponsors. 赞助商
②She found a company to sponsor her through college. 资助
③The US is sponsoring negotiations between the two sides. 举办
Words and Phrases
advertise vt.为……做广告；登广告
(教材P56)Fewer people and companies chose to advertise in the newspaper.
选择在报纸上登广告的人和公司越来越少。
[例] If you want to attract more customers，try advertising in the local paper.
如果你要吸引更多顾客，就试试在当地报纸上登广告。
[知识拓展]
(1)advertise for 登召请(待聘等)广告
advertise sth.(as sth.) 宣传……为……
(2)advertiser n. 广告商
advertising n. 广告，登广告，广告业
advertisement n. 广告
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should advertise for someone to look after our children.
②The cruise was advertised as the “journey of a lifetime”．
③The target audience for this advertisement(advertise) was mainly teenagers.
[小片段填空]
The company wanted to advertise for their products.The manager demanded that the advertisement should be creative.The advertiser promised to make the best advertisement to meet their demand.(advertising)
suitable adj.合适的，适宜的
(教材P58)But then they realised that it might not be suitable for a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other.
但后来他们意识到，在一个产品和服务相互直接竞争的市场上，这可能并不合适。
[例] I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party.
我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
[知识拓展]
(1)be suitable for... 适合……
be suitable for sb.to do sth. 做某事适合某人
(2)suit v. 相配；合身；适合，适宜
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This programme is not suitable for children.
②In many areas there are no local forces suitable to receive(receive) western backing.
attract vt.吸引；引起注意
(教材P59)Particularly now，in modern times，advertisements need to attract and hold the attention of the public.
特别是在当代社会广告需要吸引、保持公众的注意力。
[例] What first attracted me to her was her sense of humour.
她首先吸引我的是她的幽默感。
[知识拓展]
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意
attract sb.to... 把某人吸引到……
(2)attraction n. 吸引力
have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb.
对某人具有/不具有/有一点/很有吸引力
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
②The television has little attraction(attract) for me.
③Your proposal sounds very attractive(attract)．
[小片段填空]
The scenery is so attractive that it attracts many tourists' attention every year，and it will keep on holding much attraction for more travellers.(attract)
consist of由……组成
(教材P59)For this reason，it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of pictures or words from experts to show people how good the product is.
因此，现在的广告常常引用专家的图片、文字，向人们展示产品有多棒。
[例] The division will consist of two tank companies and one infantry company.
这个师的组成部队将包括两个坦克连和一个步兵连。
[知识拓展]
(1)consist of 一般不用于进行时和被动语态。
consist in... 存在于……；在于……(＝lie in)
consist with... 与……一致，相符
(2)consistent adj. 相容的，一致的
be consistent with... 和……一致；相符
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The opening province consisting(consist) of thirteen counties and three coastal cities will quicken its pace of economic development.
②The spirit consists in whole hearted devotion to public interests.
③The results are entirely consistent(consist) with our earlier research.
(教材P59)To stand out in a world of competitive advertising，they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product”．
为了在竞争激烈的广告界凸显出来，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信他们“必须购买这种产品”。
(1)competitive adj.竞争性强的，有竞争力的
[例] Graduates have to fight for jobs in a highly competitive market.
毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争取找到工作。
[知识拓展]
(1)compete vi. 比赛；竞争
compete to do sth. 竞争做某事
compete with/against 与……竞争
compete for... 为……竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛；竞争
in competition with sb.for sth. 与某人竞争某物
(3)competitor n. 竞争者；对手
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They will compete for prizes totalling nearly ￡ 3，000.
②Schools should not compete with each other or attempt to poach pupils.
③Apparently our competitor(compete) will launch their new product next month.
(2)combine vi.&vt.(使)结合，(使)组合
[例] Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
氢与氧化合成水。
[知识拓展]
(1)combine...with/and... 将……与……结合起来
combine into... 结合成……
(2)combination n. 结合，联合；混合；联合体
in combination 在联合中；联合起来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They have successfully combined the old with the new in this room.
②The firm is working on a new product in combination(combine) with several overseas partners.
(教材P113)Some sites are bringing the news directly from the people who are experiencing or witnessing it，on the spot of a car accident for example.
一些网站直接从正在经历或目击者那里带来新闻，例如在车祸现场。
(1)witness vt.亲身经历；目击n.目击者；证人
[例] The witness's story was not supported by the evidence.
目击者的描述与证据不符。
[知识拓展]
(1)witness for/against... 做利于/不利于……的证明
witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事
(2)be a witness to... 是……目击者；是……的证据
give/bear witness to... 为……作证，证明
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①These art works bear witness to the creativeness of the Chinese people.
②She witnessed to having seen(see) the man enter the house.
[小片段助记]
The witness who witnessed the accident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.
(2)spot n．地点；斑点，污点 vt.发现；认出
[例] He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him.
他把他当时向她求婚的确切地点指给我看。
[知识拓展]
(1)on the spot 在现场
put sb.on the spot 使某人尴尬
(2)spot sb.(doing sth.) 发现某人(在做某事)
be spotted with 散布；点缀
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We have a quick repair service where repairs can be done on the spot．
②His worn black suit was wrinkled and spotted with grease.
③The interviewer's questions really put him on the spot(使他尴尬)．
Sentence Pattern
over the last＋一段时间
(教材P59)Over the last decade，the government has sponsored advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS，saving water，helping the poor，giving up smoking，etc.
过去的十年里，政府赞助了一些公益广告，教育公众防治艾滋病，呼吁民众节约用水、帮助贫困人口、戒烟等。
句式分析：本句中over the last...表示“在过去……”，句子谓语一般用现在完成时态。
[例1] The human form has changed little over the last 30，000 years.
3万年以来，人的体形没有多大变化。
[例2] There has been a rash of burglaries in the area over the last month.
近一个月这一带发生了很多起入室行窃案。
[知识拓展]
类似的一般用现在完成时态的短语还有：over the past＋一段时间；in the past/last＋一段时间。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted(shift) over the past 50 years.
②Real wage costs have risen(rise) by 10% in the past year.
It was likely to be the name of a company，part of which might include the name of the place from which the product originated.
[分析] be likely to...表示“很可能……”；part of which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a company；from which引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the place。
[翻译] 这些信息可能是公司名，其中一部分可能包含产品的原产地。
教材 高考
1.Some sites are bringing the news directly from the people who are experiencing or witnessing it，on the spot of a car accident for example. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However，her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2.Particularly now，in modern times，advertisements need to attract and hold the attention of the public. (2020·天津卷)This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers.
3.For this reason，it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of pictures or words from experts to show people how good the product is. (2020·北京卷)While doing research for her new book，she came across a 16th century French manuscript(手稿)consisting of nearly 1，000 sets of instructions，covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Working conditions have changed(change) measurably in the last ten years.
2．She scanned the advertisement(advertise) pages of the newspapers.
3．This dish has an unusual combination(combine) of tastes and textures.
4．We are in competition(compete) with four other companies for the contract.
5．This doesn't consist with what you told me earlier.
6．That's one of the less attractive(attract) aspects of her personality.
7．These certificates all bear witness to his former outstanding achievements.
8．They spotted him lying(lie) unconscious on the floor.
9．This is not a suitable time to call(call)him.
10．The most popular items are located(locate) toward the back of the store.
Ⅱ.短语填空
consist of；be suitable for；be used to；stand out；make a contribution to；participate in
1．Last year 43 million workers participated in the basic medical insurance program.
2．She was used to mixing with people of high social rank when she was 20 years old.
3．Our class consists of 20 boys and 15 girls.
4．The mine environment issue stands out in our country currently.
5．Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.
6．This material is suitable for making work clothes.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The advertising industry started with the fundamental purpose of 1.promoting(promote) and selling goods to people who might need them.Advertisements have gone 2.through a process of change over the years.Classic advertisements used to give 3.information(inform) about the name of a company.From the name you would know 4.what the company sells and where they are 5.located(locate)．Now，in modern times，advertisements need to attract and hold the attention of the public，6.which consist of pictures or words.To stand out in a world of 7.competitive(compete) advertising，advertisers must design with 8.creative(create) ways.Create something that has never been seen before with humour，new and unusual ideas.Not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit，some of which make 9.contributions(contribute) to society and encourage citizens to participate in 10.improving(improve) their neighbourhood，protecting the environment，and helping other people.
would和used to
[观察例句]
1．In 19th century Europe，women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape...
2．Men would wear woollen shawls across their shoulders.
3．All I know is that she used to work in a bank.
4．When we were children we would/used to go skating every winter.
5．Did you use to play chess a lot when you were a kid
[归纳用法]
1．would的用法
would意为“总是、往往、总要、惯于、就会”，是情态动词，后面接动词原形，通常表示过去经常反复发生的习惯性动作。would通常用于以下两种句型：
【句型1】 sb.＋would＋动词原形＋……
这是would的肯定句，意为“某人就会(总要、总是)做……”
He would sometimes work into the night.
以前他有时工作到深夜。
【句型2】 sb.＋wouldn't＋动词原形＋……
这是would的否定句，表示拒绝、无此习惯或不可能，意为“不肯”。
He wouldn't give the names of his partners.
他不肯讲出他同伴们的名字。
2．used to 的用法
(1)used to意为“过去常常”，其中to是动词不定式符号，后面接动词原形，表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，只能用于一般过去时，含有较强的“今昔对比”的意味。used to构成否定式和疑问式时通常有两种方式：即借助助动词did或直接将used用作助动词。
He usedn't (didn't use) to come.他过去不常来。
You used to go there，usedn't (didn't) you
你过去常去那儿，是吗？
(2)used to通常用于以下三种句型：
【句型1】 sb.＋used to＋动词原形＋……
这是used to的肯定句，意为“某人过去常常做……”，只用于一般过去时。
She used to be a Chinese teacher.
她过去是一名语文老师。
【句型2】 Did＋sb.＋use to＋动词原形＋……？
这是used to的一般疑问句，意为“某人过去常做……吗？”
Did they use to play football？他们过去常踢足球吗？
【句型3】 sb.＋didn't＋use to＋动词原形＋……
这是used to的否定句，意为“某人过去不做……”。
I didn't use to like opera，but now I do.
我过去不喜欢歌剧，但现在喜欢了。
3．would与used to在用法上的异同
(1)would 与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。
When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer.小时候，每到夏天我们都要去游泳。
He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books.过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。
(2)would与used to都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时间。例如，不能说：
I would/used to go to France six times.
He used to live in Africa for twenty years.
上两句应改成：
I have been to France six times.
我去过法国6次。
He lived in Africa twenty years ago.
他二十年前住在非洲。
(3)used to可指过去的状态或情况，would则不能。
School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he'd overcharged a customer.(不能用would)
过去，学校的孩子们都知道亚伯拉罕·林肯怎样步行5英里退还多收顾客的1便士的故事。
He cannot but remember China as it used to be.(不能用would)他不会不记得旧日的中国。
(4)would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would，只能用used to。
From that day on，as soon as the table was cleaned and the dishes were gone，mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.
从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉，饭桌一清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间开始练习起来。(具有反复性)
I used to live in Beijing.
我过去住在北京。(没有反复性)
(5)used to 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，would则表示有可能再发生。
People used to believe that the earth was flat.
过去，人们总以为地球是平的。(现在已不再这样认为)
He would go to the park as soon as he was free.
过去，他一有空就去公园。(现在有可能再去)
[即学即练] 用used to或would填空
①I don't smoke these days，but I used to．
②There used to be a building at the street corner，but it has been pulled down.
③We used to live in a crowded flat in New York.
④I used to/would buy sweets the size of golf balls.
Ⅰ.用would或used to填空
1．You used to see a lot of her，didn't you
2．There used to be a tall tree here.
3．I don't swim as often as I used to．
4．He would sit there alone，thinking.
5．I would/used to go to school by bike when I was young.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
When I was a little child，I lived in a small village with my grandparents.I used 1.to get(get) up early to walk along the bank of a river.My grandfather 2.would lead me to a small wood.There used 3.to be(be) many tall trees.I used 4.to sit(sit) on the grass and look at the blue sky.At times，there 5.would be some small animals passing by.When the breakfast was ready，my grandmother would shout to us.I used 6.to enjoy(enjoy) the delicious meal 7.prepared(prepare) by her.My grandfather once taught me 8.to ride(ride) a horse.At first，I was afraid to sit on its back 9.although my grandfather told me it was easy.After several attempts，I could enjoy the 10.pleasure(please) of riding a horse.课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The findings of the study generated(产生) some public concern.
2．Training is worthless unless there is proof(证明) that it works.
3．Not everyone is so pessimistic(悲观的) about the future.
4．Contrary to general expectation(期盼)，he announced that all four had given their approval.
5．Can you give me a definite(明确的) answer by tomorrow
6．Is now an appropriate(合适的) time to make a speech
7．Such traditional methods seem incongruous in our technical/technological(技术的) age.
8．The judges could not decide which category(类别) it belonged to.
9．The biology of these diseases is terribly complicated(复杂的)．
10．We must make the most efficient use of the available(可用的) financial resources.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Common Sense Media is a non profit group in the United States that studies children's use of media and technology.The group has done a survey asking teachers about the effects of their students' use of entertainment media.
Entertainment media was defined as the TV shows，music，video games that students use for fun.Many teachers said they believe media use has hurt academic performance，which in some cases is already not very strong.Vicky Rideout wrote the report for Common Sense Media.“We have merely four in ten students feel poor at reading，at oral communication and more than that thing the students wrongly fear report writing.So we need to make sure that everything kids are doing is helping to accelerate progress and not preventing it.”
The survey involved 685 teachers around the country.71% of the teachers said they believe entertainment media has reduced students' ability to pay attention in class.And almost 60% said it has hurt their writing skills.Many teachers thought it has negatively affected students' ideas about boys and girls' relationship.Many also thought it encourages aggression and anti social behavior.Teachers who describe themselves as uncomfortable with new technologies were more likely than other teachers to see destructive effects of media use on social development.
But not all effects of media use were seen as bad.Almost two thirds of teachers said it also helps the students' ability to find information quickly and efficiently.And one third said using entertainment media has helped their students to multitask (同时执行多项任务) effectively.Only 25% said it just has hurt them.Teachers who consider themselves as techsavvy (科技通) were more likely than others to see an advantage to students' creativity from the use of entertainment media.Vicky Rideout said teachers accept that the way students spend their time and how they like to learn has changed.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。美国的Common Sense Media通过询问老师来调查学生在使用娱乐传媒方面的影响，老师们对娱乐传媒的作用褒贬不一。
1．Vicky Rideout holds the view that entertainment media ．
A．declines students' grades badly
B．influences students' performance
C．accelerates learning progress
D．makes all students poor at writing
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中Vicky Rideout所说的话可知，她认为娱乐传媒影响了学生的在校表现，故B项正确。]
2．Teachers who describe themselves as technology knowers were more likely than others to ．
A．see negative effects of media use
B．make students aggressive
C．teach students the use of media
D．see the benefit of media use
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句话可知，这些老师看到的是娱乐传媒的使用给学生带来的好处，故D项正确。]
3．It can be inferred from the passage that entertainment media ．
A．only affects students negatively
B．may be beneficial to parents
C．is a double edged sword
D．will guide public opinions
C [推理判断题。文章第二、三段讲述娱乐传媒给学生造成的不利影响，最后一段谈到了娱乐传媒的益处，可见娱乐传媒是把双刃剑，故C项正确。]
B
Laughter is a kind of universal body language that is shared by people of all nationalities，skin colors，cultures and traditions.But did you know that the ability to tell real laughter apart from fake (假的) laughter also varies among cultures
Greg Bryant，a professor of communication at the University of California，published a study in late July.In the study，884 people from 21 countries were asked to listen to random recordings of laughter.Some of the recordings were made up of laughs from the bottom of the heart，while others were made by people who were asked to laugh on command.
The study showed that people around the world have the ability to pick out real laughter，although their abilities vary from country to country.Residents of the Samoan Islands，were particularly good at it，correctly identifying real laughter 56 percent of the time.According to Bryant，people from smaller，less industrialized nations “are more accurate in identifying a natural smile” because they rely heavily on emotional engagement in order to predict others' behavior and create stronger social relationships.
But how do people from different cultures detect natural laughter so easily And what characters does real laughter have As Professor Jessica Wolf of the University of California told the Association for Psychological Science，in real laughter，we produce qualities，such as higher pitch (音调) and volume，as well as faster bursts of no clear sounds.
By contrast，fake laughter will “sound like speech”．According to Science Daily，fake laughter is controlled by the same brain system that controls the lips and tongue.Bryant further explained that this system has active ability，saying “with this speech system，you can make a lot of different noises，including crying，laughter or scream.That's where fake laughter comes from.”
So that's something to think about: next time one of your friends laughs at something you say，will you be able to tell if it's real or fake
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了Bryant研究发现了尽管各国人民的能力各不相同，但是世界各地的人们都可以通过声音中的微小差异来识别真笑和假笑。文章还说明了真笑和假笑分别具备的特点。
4．What did the study find
A．Real laughter is produced from people's heart.
B．People can tell real laughter from fake laughter.
C．People have trouble recognizing real laughter.
D．Laughter is a kind of universal body language in the world.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The study showed that people around the world have the ability to pick out real laughter，although their abilities vary from country to country.”可知研究发现了人们可以分辨出真正的笑和假笑。故选B。]
5．Why are residents of Samoan accurate in identifying natural laughter
A．They put much emotion to knowing others.
B．They often predict others' behavior.
C．They aren't well educated.
D．They have a strong social relationship.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“...because they rely heavily on emotional engagement in order to predict others' behavior and create stronger social relationships.”可推知，Samoan居民能准确识别自然的笑声是因为他们把很多情感放在了解别人上。故选A。]
6．What characters does real laughter have
A．Clearer words. B．Slower speed.
C．Higher sound. D．More like a speech.
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中“...in real laughter，we produce qualities，such as higher pitch and volume，as well as faster bursts of no clear sounds.”可知，自然的笑声通常以高音量为特征。故选C。]
7．What can we learn about the fake laughter system
A．It controls ears and eyes.
B．It works like speech systems.
C．It encourages people to copy others.
D．It can make people produce various noises.
D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Bryant further explained that this system has active ability，saying ‘with this speech system，you can make a lot of different noises，including crying，laughter or scream.That's where fake laughter comes from’．”可知，假笑系统可以使人产生各种各样的噪音。故选D。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
If you truly want to become a great singer，you must practice using your singing voice.Here is some advice that can help you a lot.
Where should I practice
1 Your practice space can be anywhere in your house where you can be alone and concentrate.This practice space doesn't have to be the size of a football stadium.You simply need space to move around comfortably during the warm up or when you create the scene for your song.
What's best time to practice
Arrange a specific time for practicing each day.If the practice time is allotted (留出) on your schedule，you're more likely to practice. 2 Many singers practice more effectively at night because of their body clocks.If your home is usually overwhelmed (应接不暇) with familial comings and goings in the evening or early morning hours，then you may want to arrange a time in the middle of the day. 3
How long should I practice
The length of the practice period depends on your level of music knowledge.Someone who is new to singing can benefit from practicing 15 to 20 minutes a day. 4 However，quality practice is better than quantity.Focusing for 20 minutes of creative practice is better than unfocused practice for an hour.
Improvement happens with frequent practice. 5 Set goals for each practice period for the progress.
A．To increase your attention，turn off the TV during your practice time.
B．If your voice is tired after 20 minutes，rest for a time and sing again later.
C．You can't expect to practice once and be perfect.
D．Leave the space set up so that everything is ready each day for practicing.
E．Decide if you're a morning person or an evening person.
F．Gradually increase the practice time to 30 to 60 minutes per day.
G．The number one question is about locations (地点)．
【语篇解读】 文章为想要成为歌手的朋友们提供了一些很好的建议。
1．G [本段小标题是“在哪里练习”，空后又说你可以在家里的任何地方练习，因此此处会提到练习地点的问题，故G项(第一个问题是关于地点)符合语境。]
2．E [根据本段小标题可知本段主要讲的是练习的最佳时间，空后又说由于生物钟的关系，许多唱歌的人晚上练习的效率更高，因此此处是说要知道自己适合在什么时间练习，故E项(你要知道自己适合早上练习还是晚上练习)符合语境。]
3．A [空前说如果你的家里经常在傍晚或清晨有家人来来去去，那么你可能需要在中午安排一个时间，此处承接上文，讲的是在中午的某个时间练习的注意事项，故A项(为了提高注意力，在练习的时候关掉电视)符合语境。]
4．F [空前说一个刚练习唱歌的人每天练习15到20分钟会受益匪浅，空后又说练习的质量比数量重要，因此此处会提到增加练习时间的问题，故F项(逐渐把练习时间增加到每天30到60分钟)符合语境。]
5．C [空前说经常练习才能提高，因此此处是说练习需要持之以恒，不是一劳永逸的事情，故C项(你不能指望一次就练得完美)符合语境。]
4/6Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.proof A．vt.否定
( )2.generate B．adj.难懂的；复杂的
( )3.category C．n.批评家，评论家
( )4.version D．n.类别，种类，范畴
( )5.pessimistic E．adj.可获得的，可用的；有空的
( )6.critic F．adj.可替代的；另外的
n． 可供选择的事物
( )7.alternative G．n.版本
( )8.complicated H．adj.悲观的
( )9.available I．vt.to produce or create sth.
( )10.dismiss J．n.information，documents，
etc.that show that sth.is true
[答案] 1－5 JIDGH 6－10 CFBEA
B．短语匹配
( )1.leave out A．适应
( )2.fall down B．大多数
( )3.have an impact on C．失败；倒塌
( )4.adapt to D．卷入；涉及
( )5.be involved in E．遗漏；删除
( )6.the majority of F．对……产生影响
[答案] 1－6 ECFADB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．broadcast n. 广播节目；电视节目
vi.&vt. 广播；播送
2．economic adj. 经济(上)的
3．political adj. 政治的；政府的
4．classic adj. 经典的
n. 名著；经典作品
5．comic n. 连环漫画
adj. 滑稽的
6．liberty n. 自由；自由权
7．cast n. 演员阵容，全体演员
vt. 投射(光或影)
8．interpret vt. 解释
vi.&vt. 口译
9．precisely adv. 确实如此；精确地
10．consult vt. 查阅
vi.&vt. 咨询；商议
Ⅰ.语境填空
acknowledge；category；alternative；debate；economic；pessimistic；generate；proof；complicate；broadcast
1．They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning.
2．There is no proof that the knife belonged to her.
3．The results can be divided into three main categories．
4．The project is designed to generate around 30 megawatts of power for the national grid.
5．There were alternative methods of travel available.
6．The situation was more complicated than they had at first realized.
7．The President set forth his views in a television broadcast．
8．I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.
9．After a long debate，Congress approved the proposal.
10．Economic growth is expected to average 2% next year.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Who did you vote for in the last election(elect)
2．The book deals with the social，economic(economy)and political issues of the period.
3．We listened to the news with a mixture(mix) of surprise and horror.
4．There was a general expectation(expect) that he would win.
5．Most living creatures are capable of adaptation(adapt) when compelled to do so.
6．There is little coverage(cover)of foreign news in the newspaper.
7．Lewis is the author of thirteen novels and ten non fiction(fiction)books.
8．There is a critical(critic)report in today's newspaper.
1．There are many times I have been pessimistic or even disappointed by a film of a book I love.
不止一次，我喜欢的书籍拍成电影，我都不看好，甚至很失望。
2．Although highly regarded books do not always make good films，it is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly good books.
尽管高质量的书并不总是能拍出好看的电影，优秀的电影也可能来自不是那么好的书，说的倒是没错。
3．A key question is obviously how close to the original the film is.
显而易见，一个关键的问题在于这部电影与原作接近程度如何。
4．One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations.
人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。
5．At other times they are not，and there are instances where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions of their work.
有时作者本人并不是电影编剧，于是出现了作者对自己的作品所拍摄的电影版本非常不满意的情况。
词语助读
①normal adj.正常的；正规的
abnormal adj.反常的；不规则的
②expectation n．期待，预料，预期
③pessimistic adj.悲观的
④particularly adv.特别地；尤其
⑤The Godfather《教父》是由弗朗西斯·福特·科波拉执导，马龙·白兰度、阿尔·帕西诺等人主演的电影，于1972年在美国上映。
⑥spring vi.突然出现；突然涌入
⑦classic adj.经典的 n．名著；经典作品
⑧novel n．(长篇)小说
⑨comic n．连环漫画 adj.滑稽的
⑩stage play舞台剧
non fiction n．非小说类文学作品
biography n．传记
autobiography n．自传
ghost writer代笔人
adaptation n．改编版；适应
remake n．翻拍
critic n．评论家，批评家
rating n．(电影、电视的)收视率排行榜；等级，程度
obviously adv.清楚地；显而易见地
original adj.原作的；原始的；起初的
typical adj.典型的；有代表性的
screenwriter n．电影剧本作家
appropriate adj.恰当的；合适的
leave out删除；遗漏
liberty n．自由；自由权
plot n．故事情节
cast n．演员阵容，全体演员 vt.投射(光或影)
acceptable adj.认同的；认可的；可接受的
imagination n．想象；想象力
visualise vt.设想，想象
definite adj.清楚的，明确的
fall down 失败；跌落
technical adj.技术上的
generate vt.产生，创造
have a huge impact on对……产生巨大影响
previously adv.先前地
reality n．事实；现实
be involved in涉及；忙于
disadvantage n．劣势；不利条件
instance n．情况；例子
be unsatisfied with对……不满意
version n．版本
A Catcher in the Rye《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家Jerome David Salinger于1951年发表的，这本书被认为是二十世纪美国文学的经典作品之一。
anyway adv.无论如何；不管怎样
despite prep.尽管；不管
category n．类别，种类，范畴
proof n．证明
原文呈现
FROM PAGE TO SCREEN
by James Hope (Arts journalist)
Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences，but it's normal① to have high expectations② when a film of a favourite book is made.There are many times I have been pessimistic③ or even disappointed by a film of a book I love.Although highly regarded books do not always make good films，it is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly④ good books.[1](The Godfather⑤ immediately springs⑥ to mind.)
[1]although引导让步状语从句；it是形式主语，真正主语是不定式to say...；not always...是部分否定。
The source material for a film may be taken from classic⑦ novels⑧，short stories，comic⑨ books and stage plays⑩，as well as non fiction such as biographies and autobiographies ，even those written by ghost writers .All can work well，but why do many adaptations and indeed remakes fail with both cinema audiences and critics ？ And why do some adaptations get lower ratings than others
A key question is obviously how close to the original the film is.Since a typical film is only around two hours long，it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out.[2] Screenwriters take creative liberty and sometimes there may be changes to the plot，additions，and even different endings to please producers，directors and test audiences.I，like many people，have often left the cinema feeling “the film is not like the book”．
[2]since引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”；两个what引导并列的宾语从句，作decide的宾语。
Another problem area is the cast.Finding actors acceptable to film audiences can mean the difference between success and failure.Readers of the book use their imaginations to visualise characters and have very definite ideas about how characters should look and sound.This is where I think many film adaptations fall down.[3]
[3]where引导表语从句。
Some books are just too difficult to be adapted for technical reasons，although films like The Life of Pi are changing this idea.CGI (Computer Generated Image) technology has had a huge impact on the film industry.It allowed the previously unfilmable to become a reality.
One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations.[4] In fact，sometimes authors are very involved in the process and may even be the screenwriter.This can actually be a disadvantage because they may be too close to the material and find it difficult to adapt to a new form.At other times they are not，and there are instances where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions of their work；[5] Stephen King is an example of this.Even more extreme was novelist J．D.Salinger，who made sure no film versions of his popular novel A Catcher in the Rye could ever be made.In this situation，it is clear that viewers will not be disappointed! For me，anyway，it is always a bad idea to watch a film of a book you love.
[4]本句是强调句，强调主语the book writer。
[5]where引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词instances。
Despite the challenges，there have been some highly successful films made from popular books.For me，Jaws，Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings all fit this category.And possibly the best proof of a successful adaptation is the James Bond series，the majority of which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming.Perhaps unusually，audiences seem to accept that the actors who have played James Bond have changed so often，although everyone seems to have their favourite.I know I do.
译文参考
从页面到屏幕
写于詹姆斯·霍普(艺术界的新闻者)
读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验。如果人们最喜欢的书籍被翻拍成电影，他们对电影的期待值自然就高。这种现象很正常。不止一次，我喜欢的书籍拍成电影，我都不看好，甚至很失望。尽管高质量的书并不总是能拍出好看的电影，优秀的电影也可能来自不是那么好的书，说的倒是没错。(这让我马上想到《教父》。)
一部电影可以取材自经典小说、短篇小说、漫画书、舞台剧，也可以取自传记、自传等纪实小说作品，甚至是代笔人写的作品。这些素材都可以拍出很棒的作品，但为什么许多改编、翻拍的电影没能受到电影观众与评论家的好评呢？为什么有些改编作品的评分比其他作品低呢？
显而易见，一个关键的问题在于这部电影与原作接近程度如何。因为电影通常只有两小时左右，所以在有限的时间里，编剧要决定书中哪部分适合银幕，哪部分不适合成为了一个问题。编剧们有创作的自由，有时为了取悦制片人，导演和测试观众，可能会对情节添枝加叶，甚至是不同的结局进行修改。和很多人一样，我也经常在看完电影后感叹“这部电影和原作不一样”。
另一个问题是演员阵容。找到电影观众所接受的演员，有时决定着电影的成败。读者会通过自己的想象，将书中的人物形象化，角色的外貌、声音他们都有明确的想法。我认为选择的演员不符合他们的想象，成为很多电影改编失败的原因。
一些书由于技术原因很难拍成电影，虽然《少年派的奇幻漂流》等电影的出现正在改变这一问题。电脑生成动画技术对电影产业有重大影响，让以前无法拍摄的内容成为现实。
人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。事实上，作者有时的确会参与改编，甚至可能担任电影编剧。但这其实有局限性，因为作者本人可能过于忠于书中内容，很难将其改编成一种新的形式。有时作者本人并不是电影编剧，于是出现了作者对自己作品所拍摄的电影版本非常不满意的情况。史蒂芬·金就是这样。小说家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格更为极端，他永远不准自己广受欢迎的小说《麦田里的守望者》被拍成电影版本。如果是这样，读者就永远不会失望！不管怎样，我认为去看自己钟爱的书籍翻拍成的电影不会是个好主意。
尽管挑战重重，还是有一些改编自畅销书的电影取得了极大成功，例如《大白鲨》《哈利波特》和《指环王》都是成功的案例。可能最好的例子是詹姆斯·邦德系列，该系列的大部分作品都改编自伊恩·弗来明的《007》小说。系列影片中詹姆斯·邦德的扮演者经常换人，但观众们似乎也能接受，这让人难以相信。但我相信每位观众和我一样，都有自己最喜欢的那个扮演者。
速读P52－53课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．Highly regarded books always make good films.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Sometimes screenwriters change the plot to make a suitable film.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Many film adaptations failed because they couldn't find acceptable actors.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Computer Generated Image technology influences the film industry.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Stephen King was satisfied with the film versions of his work.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BAAAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确的选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．although films like The Life of Pi are changing this idea
B．although everyone seems to have their favourite
C．where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions of their work
D．Although highly regarded books do not always make good films
E．Since a typical film is only around two hours long
1． ，it is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly good books.
2． ，it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out.
3．Some books are just too difficult to be adapted for technical reasons， ．
4．At other times they are not，and there are instances ；Stephen King is an example of this.
5．Perhaps unusually，audiences seem to accept that the actors who have played James Bond have changed so often， ．
[答案] 1－5 DEACB
Ⅲ.表格填空
From Page to Screen
The Source Materials Classic novels，short stories，1.comic books，stage plays，as well as non fiction such as 2.biographies and autobiographies.
The Challenges for Filmmakers A key question is how close to the 3.original the film is.It is difficult for screenwriters to decide what is suitable for the screen and what to 4.leave out.
Another problem area is the 5.cast.It can make a difference to find acceptable 6.actors.
Some books are difficult to be 7.adapted，but CGI technology allowed the previously unfilmable to become a 8.reality.
It can be a 9.disadvantage for the book writer to involve in the process.Some writers make sure their works not be adapted，so viewers will not be 10.disappointed at their works.
细读P52－53课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．The reasons for the questions.
2．Para.2 B．The brief conclusion.
3．Paras.3～6 C．Bring up the topic.
4．Para.7 D．Raise the questions.
[答案] 1－4 CDAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．In what situation adaptations from books to films probably satisfy the audiences
A．Adaptations of lower expectation from audiences.
B．Adaptations of popular books.
C．Adaptations of good books.
D．Adaptations of books that audiences love.
2．Novelist J．D.Salinger is mentioned in the passage in order to ．
A．tell us how disappointed the audiences are
B．prove that authors may not necessarily be good screenwriters
C．show that many authors are involved in the process of making films
D．show some writers are against the idea of making books into films
3．Which of the following presents the correct structure of the passage
I＝Introduction；CP＝Central Point；P＝Point；
C＝Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
4．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To argue that good books should be adapted to films.
B．To persuade the audiences to accept the adaptations from books to films.
C．To explain the reason why many adaptations from books to films failed.
D．To inform that adaptations should be based on various kinds of books.
[答案] 1－4 ADBC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——表示观点态度(2)
A．阅读课文中表示观点态度的语句
1．I，like many people，have often left the cinema feeling “the film is not like the book”．
2．This is where I think many film adaptations fall down.
3．For me，anyway，it is always a bad idea to watch a film of a book you love.
B．判断下列语句哪些不是表示观点态度的
1．There are many times I have been pessimistic or even disappointed by a film of a book I love.
2．A key question is obviously how close to the original the film is.
3．Some books are just too difficult to be adapted for technical reasons.
[答案] 2，3
1．diverse adj.各种各样的→diversity n．多样性；多样化
2．elect vt.选举，推选；决定→election n．选举
3．mix vt.(使)混合；融合→mixture n．混合；混合物
4．expect vt.预料，期待→expectation n．期待，预期，预料
5．adapt vt.改编 vi.适应→adaptation n．改编版；适应
6．appropriate adj.恰当的；合适的→inappropriate adj.不恰当的；不合适的
7．technique n．技术→technical adj.技术上的
8．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济(上)的→economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节俭的
9．cover vt.覆盖；报道→coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围
10．interpret vt.解释vt.& vi.口译→interpreter n．口译译员
consult vt.& vi.咨询；请教；商量 vt.参考，查阅
①Have you consulted your lawyer about this？ 咨询
②You shouldn't have done it without consulting me. 商量
③Consult the chart on page 44 for the correct cooking times. 查阅
Words and Phrases
election n．选举
(教材P50)updates on election campaigns and candidates
选举活动和候选人的最新情况
[例] How many candidates are standing for election
有多少候选人参加竞选？
[知识拓展]
elect vt. 选举，推选；决定
elect sb.(as/to be)＋n. 选某人当……
elect to do sth. 选择/决定做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is a great honour to be elected as a model worker.
②Increasing numbers of people elect to work(work) from home nowadays.
diverse adj.各种各样的；不同的；形形色色的
(教材P50)...diverse information available
……可得到的各种各样的信息
[例] People from diverse cultures work together in this company.
在这家公司，不同文化背景的人在一起工作。
[知识拓展]
diversity n． 差异，不同，多样性
a great/wide/rich diversity of...
……纷纭；许多……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is a need for greater diversity(diverse) and choice in education.
②Mary has a great diversity of interests(有许多的兴趣)；she likes sports，travel，photography and making radio sets.
debate n．&vi.&vt.讨论，辩论
(教材P50)news coverage of political debates
政治辩论的新闻报道
[例] There had been much debate on the issue of childcare.
人们对儿童保育问题议论纷纷。
[知识拓展]
under debate 在讨论中；在辩论中
beyond/without debate 无可争议
debate with sb.about/on 就……与某人辩论
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What's the question now under debate
②The truth of this news story is beyond debate.
③They debated with each other on the environment protection and economy growth.
acknowledge vt.承认；确认；对……表示答谢
(教材P50)figuring out what to acknowledge and what to dismiss
弄清楚该承认什么该否认什么
[例] She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.
她拒不承认改革的必要性。
[知识拓展]
(1)acknowledge sth./that clause
承认……
acknowledge...to be/as... 认为……是……；承认……
acknowledge doing/having done
承认做过……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that...
……是大家公认的；被公认为……
acknowledge one's letter 向某人表示信已收到
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
acknowledgement of 对……的承认/答谢
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Do you acknowledge that you've been wrong
②He acknowledged having been defeated(defeat) at last.
③He is acknowledged as one of the best basketball players in NBA.
④This report is an acknowledgement(acknowledge) of the size of the problem.
[小片段填空]
Before the competition，it was generally acknowledged(普遍认为) that our team would win the game，so we hardly made any strict preparation for it.However，in the course of the game，we had to acknowledge that(不得不承认) our opponents were not what they used to be.They performed perfectly well and their teamwork was wonderful.So we had to acknowledge failing in the game (承认输了比赛)in the end.
expectation n．期待，预料，预期
(教材P52)Reading a book and watching a film are two very different experiences，but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made.
读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验。如果人们最喜欢的书籍被拍成电影，他们对电影的期待值自然就高。这种现象很正常。
[例] I applied for the post more in hope than expectation.
我申请这个职位是希望多于期待。
[知识拓展]
in expectation of... 期待；指望
beyond expectations 料想不到，出乎预料
have little/no expectation of doing sth.
没希望做某事
have every/an expectation of doing sth.
有希望做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His winning the Nobel Peace Prize was beyond many people's wildest expectations.
②He has little expectation of passing(pass) the exam.
③She ate a light lunch in expectation of a good dinner.
adaptation n．改编版；改编；适应
(教材P52)All can work well，but why do many adaptations and indeed remakes fail with both cinema audiences and critics
这些素材都可以拍出很棒的作品，但为什么许多改编、翻拍的电影没能受到电影观众与评论家的好评呢？
[例] Do you think the film adaptation was faithful to the book
你认为这部改编的电影是忠于原著的吗？
[知识拓展]
adapt vt. 使适应；改编
adapt oneself to... 使自己适应于……
adapt to... 适应于……
adapt sth.for... 把某物改编为……
adapt sth.from... 根据……改编某物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.
②This novel has been adapted for a TV play from the English original.
③He had to adapt himself(him) to their customs and habits.
appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的
(教材P52)Since a typical film is only around two hours long，it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out.
因为电影通常只有两小时左右，所以在有限的时间里，编剧要决定书中哪部分适合银幕，哪部分不适合成为了一个问题。
[例] The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children.
这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。
[知识拓展]
be appropriate for/to... 适合于……；合乎……
It is appropriate for sb.to do sth. 某人做某事是恰当的
It is appropriate that... ……是合理的(从句谓语用should do
形式，should可以省略。)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We want an education system that is more appropriate to the needs of the students.
②I do think it is appropriate for us to make(make) changes and I fully expect that we will.
③It is appropriate that we (should) have(have) a special day for you.
alternative adj.可替代的；另外的 n．可供选择的事物
(教材P112)...to better understand complicated issues by finding alternative opinions on the subject and even to do fun things like watching Ping Pong tournaments.
……为了更好地理解复杂的问题，可以在这个问题上找到不同的观点，甚至可以做一些有趣的事情，比如看乒乓球比赛。
[例] You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly；those are the two alternatives.
你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。
[知识拓展]
(1)alternative energy 替代能源
an alternative to... ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth.
别无选择只好做……
There is no alternative... 别无选择
(2)alternatively adv. 另一方面，要不然
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We can take a boat to Florida，as an alternative，we can fly.
②We had no alternative but to fire(fire) Peter.
③For us at this moment，there is no alternative(别无选择) but to obey their order.
Sentence Patterns
部分否定
(教材P52)Although highly regarded books do not always make good films，it is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly good books.
尽管高质量的书并不总是能拍出好看的电影，优秀的电影也可能来自不是那么好的书，说的倒是没错。
句式分析：本句中的not always是部分否定，表示“并不总是……”。
[例1] Doctors do not always have good communication skills.
医生不一定都具备良好的交际能力。
[例2] It's not always easy for nurses to distance themselves emotionally.
对护士来说，使自己不动感情并非总是很容易。
[知识拓展]
具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词和谓语动词一起构成全部否定。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①Not everyone experiences(并不是每个人都经历过) the kinds of severe chronic stresses Adeline Alvarez describes.
②All horses are animals，but not all animals are horses(并不是所有动物都是马)．
where引导定语从句
(教材P53)At other times they are not，and there are instances where writers have been very unsatisfied with the film versions of their work；Stephen King is an example of this.
有时作者本人并不是电影编剧，于是出现了作者对自己作品所拍摄的电影版本非常不满意的情况。史蒂芬·金就是这样。
句式分析：本句中的where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词instances。
[例1] This is the town where I was born.
这就是我出生的那个城镇。
[例2] Literature is the place where the past meets the present to contemplate the future.
在文学作品里，过去与现实交汇，以思考未来。
[知识拓展]
where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：
where引导定语从句时，其作为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，且其前有一个表地点的先行词。此时，where可以转换成“介词＋which”的结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Is there a shop around where I can blow my bike tyres up
②We should go where we are needed.
Since a typical film is only around two hours long，it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句，since引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”；it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；两个what引导并列的宾语从句。
[翻译] 因为电影通常只有两小时左右，所以在有限的时间里，编剧要决定书中哪部分适合银幕，哪部分不适合成为了一个问题。
教材 高考
1....diverse information available (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions.
2.I consult the Internet to research things for school... (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)In fact，anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique，she says.It takes some practice.
3....to better understand complicatedissues by findingalternative opinions on the subject and even to do fun things like watching Ping Pong tournaments. (2020·北京卷)They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
4.All can work well，but why do many adaptations and indeedremakes fail with both cinema audiences and critics？ (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)On Thursday in an article published in Cell，a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food，but to the ocean.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The zoo is an ideal research centre where scientists can conduct some experiments on animals.
2．Plain and simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.
3．This text is adapted from a story in Chinese literature.
4．Against all expectations(expect)，she was enjoying herself.
5．The Ministry will have no alternative but to raise(raise) our rates.
6．I expect to be consulted about major issues.
7．He was widely acknowledged to be(be) the best lawyer in the neighbourhood.
8．The government is pushing the changes through before the election(elect)．
9．Few countries have as rich a diversity(diverse) of habitat as South Africa.
10．Any event attended by the actor received widespread media coverage(cover)．
Ⅱ.短语填空
fall down；adapt to；leave out；the majority of；have an impact on；be involved in
1．Students are easy to leave out one or two letters of this word.
2．The majority of foreign nationals working here have work permits.
3．Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon.
4．The development of new technologies continues to have an impact on learning.
5．He refused to believe his son was involved in drugs.
6．The plan fell down because it proved to be too expensive.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Reading a book and watching a film are two different experiences.It is normal to have high 1.expectations(expect) when a film of a favourite book is made.There are many 2.challenges(challenge) for filmmakers.A key question is how close to the orginal the film is.It is difficult for screenwriters to decide what is 3.suitable(suit) for the screen and 4.what to leave out.Another problem area is the cast.It can make a difference to find 5.acceptable(accept) actors.Some books are difficult to be adapted，but CGI technology allowed the 6.previously(previous) unfilmable to become a reality.It can be a disadvantage for the book writer to involve 7.in the process.Some writers make sure their works not be adapted，8.so viewers will not be 9.disappointed(disappoint) at their works.But there have been some 10.highly(high) successful films made from popular books.
It用法
[观察例句]
1．It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
2．It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
3．It is my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old!
4．Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
5．They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
[归纳用法]
一、it作人称代词
1．it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指上文提到的事物，以避免重复：
Xi'an is a beautiful city，isn't it
西安是个美丽的城市，不是吗？
2．也可以指动物、婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子)或不明身份的人：
—Is this your dog
—No，it isn't.
——这是你的狗吗？
——不是。
Her new baby is tiny；it only weighs 2 kilos.
她刚生的宝宝个头很小，才两千克重。
—Who is it knocking at the door
—It might be the postman.
——谁在敲门？
——可能是邮递员。
二、it作非人称代词
1．指天气：
It is a lovely day，isn't it
天气不错，不是吗？
It is a bit windy.
有点风。
2．指时间：
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
她回来时已近午夜。
3．指环境：
It was very quiet in the café.
咖啡馆里非常安静。
4．指距离：
It is half an hour's walk to the city centre from my home.
从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。
5．指日期：
—What's the date today
—It's May 1.
——今天是几号？
——今天是5月1日。
6．指季节：
It is summer now.
现在是夏季。
三、it作形式主语
1．it作形式主语替代动词不定式
(1)It be＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.
此处的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well mannered，ill mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous等。
It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
青少年没有驾照开车是违法的。
(2)It be＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.
此处的形容词通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy等。
It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
帮我解决问题，你真是太好了。
2．it作形式主语替代主语从句
(1)It is＋adj.＋从句
It is clear (obvious/true/possible/certain/...) that...
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的……)”。例如：
It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.
很明显他又胖又高像一棵树。
(2)It is＋v. ed＋that...＝Sb./Sth.is＋v. ed＋to do
It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped/...) that...
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉……)”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
据说他已经来北京了。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道另一颗地球卫星已发射进轨道。
(3)It is＋n.＋that...
It is a pity (a shame/an honor/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...
该句型中，如果表示出乎意料等感情，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省去，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
四、it作形式宾语
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有think，believe，make，find，consider，feel等。
I think it no use arguing with him.
我认为和他争吵没有用。
I found it very interesting to study English.
我发现学英语非常有趣。
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
他非常清楚地表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。
五、强调句型中的it
1．肯定句
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分：
It was in Beijing that I saw the film Wolf Warriors Ⅱ.
我是在北京看了电影《战狼Ⅱ》。
2．否定句
It is/was not＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分
It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分：
It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing him again.
＝I did not have an opportunity of seeing him again for several years.
我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。
It was not until twelve o'clock last night that he went to bed.
＝He didn't go to bed until twelve o'clock last night.
昨晚他12点才去睡觉。
It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
＝I didn't realize it until I got off the bus.
直到下车我才意识到这一点。
3．疑问句
(1)强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前，即：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分：
Was it you who/that broke the window
是你把窗户打破的吗？
(2)强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词即可，即：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分：
Who was it that broke the window
打破窗户的是谁？
When was it that you called me yesterday
你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？
【名师点津】 (1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用that连接句子的其余部分。
(2)被强调部分指人时，可用who取代that。
(3)it之后的be动词的时态通常要与that之后的谓语保持一致。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using it every day.
②When it comes to technology and reading，the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e readers and tablets on reading.
③Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see who it is.
④It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
⑤You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This house is beautiful with a garden.We really like it very much.
2．Well，you mustn't play on the road.It is dangerous.
3．The mistake made it impossible for us to go on.
4．From the teacher's patient explanation，I have learnt what a big responsibility it is to educate us.
5．I know it is important to know my own limitations，but what is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
6．It was in France that he fell in love with oil paintings.
7．It was on the farm where his father worked that he was born.
8．How was it that she managed to persuade her husband to resign from the company
9．It was Lucy and Mary that were chosen to attend the ceremony.
10．What was it that made your teacher so angry the other day
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
1．It was a sunny day.Peter decided 2.to go(go) for a walk to the park，though 3.it was two miles away.4.It was so comfortable to walk on the street.Suddenly 5.it began to rain.He found 6.it hard to walk there.So he had to take a bus home.Unfortunately 7.it went wrong.After waiting for about an hour，he had no alternative but 8.to walk(walk) home.When he got home，he was wet through.Thus 9.it was a day that he would never forget.10.How awful it was to go through such an experience!Section Ⅲ READING & WRITING
阅读“READING CLUB 2”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why does Max's mum write the letter to him
A．Because he wanted a phone so much.
B．Because they have not had a face to face conversation for a long time.
C．Because his mum wants to scold him.
D．Because his mother is worried about his addiction to the phone.
2．What did Max do using his phone
A．To play games.
B．To contact his friends.
C．To communicate with his mother.
D．To wear off his study.
[答案] 1－2 DB
Words and Phrases
trap vt.困住，使陷入危险中 n．陷阱；困境
(教材P62)Beauty offers to replace her father and be trapped in the castle.
美女提出要去替换她的父亲，并被困在城堡。
[例] They were trapped in the burning building.
他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
[知识拓展]
(1)trap sb.into(doing) sth. 诱使某人(做)某事
be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
(2)set traps to do sth. 设置陷阱做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Having been trapped in traffic，he was late for work.
②By clever questioning they trapped him into making(make) a confession.
transform vt.&vi.改变，转变，改造，使改观
(教材P62)In one vivid scene，Beauty looks in the mirror and her face is transformed into the Beast's.
在一个生动的场景中，美女照镜子，她的脸变成了野兽的脸。
[例] It was an event that would transform my life.
那是能够改变我一生的一次事件。
[知识拓展]
(1)transform A into B 使A变成B
transform into 转变成
be transformed from A to B 从A搬到B
transform sth./sb.from sth.into sth. 把……从……转变成……
(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变、变革
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Ten years of hard work transformed Mathilde completely into an ordinary housewife.
②Irish society gradually transformed from the traditional society to the modern society.
③In recent years his ideas have undergone a complete transformation(transform)．
frightening adj.令人害怕的；吓人的
(教材P62)For example，the whispering furniture is as frightening as anything in modern films.
例如，窃窃私语的家具和现代电影中的任何东西一样可怕。
[例] It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous.
那段经历太恐怖了，他们表现得非常勇敢。
[知识拓展]
(1)frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬
frighten sb.into/out of(doing) sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They frightened the old lady into signing(sign) the paper.
②Miriam was too frightened(frighten) to tell her family what had happened.
[小片段填空]
Hearing the frightening story，the little boy had a frightened expression on his face.(frighten)
fault n．缺点；缺陷；责任，过错
(教材P62)The film does，however，have its faults.
然而，这部电影确实有缺点。
[例] Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault
不是我的错为什么要我道歉？
[知识拓展]
find fault with... 挑……的毛病
find fault in 看出……的缺点
in/at fault 有错，有责任
It's one's fault that... ……是某人的过错
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She seems to find fault with everything all the time.
②It's not my fault that you've had a bad day；don't take it out on me.
withdrwal n．脱瘾(过程)；取消；取款
(教材P66)And if I ask you to leave your phone at home when we go out，you sulk and get twitchy，almost as if you're suffering withdrawal symptoms.
如果我们出去的时候我让你把手机留在家里，你就会生闷气、变得焦急，就像你有戒毒症状一样。
[例] I got withdrawal symptoms after giving up smoking.
我戒烟之后出现了脱瘾症状。
[知识拓展]
withdraw vt.&vi. 脱离；撤回；取款
withdraw from 退出；从……中取出
withdraw to 退入；撤退到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There have been calls for Britain to withdraw from the EU.
②The troops have to withdraw to a less exposed position.
预测推断类
预测推断类考题一般是预测接下来的内容或者事情的结局。需要我们把握全文线索，尤其最后一段内容的主题。
[例题剖析]
Still，I was more concerned about my husband's emotional state than our financial situation.David's sense of identity was tied to his job.He called his parents to tell them about losing his job，but didn't say a word to anyone else for weeks.He told me that he felt like “a failure”.It was tough for me to watch David struggle with unemployment.One night a couple of weeks after he lost his job，David woke me just before midnight，sweating，pacing the bedroom floor and saying he felt funny.We spent the night in the emergency room waiting to see if he had a heart attack.Thankfully，it was just a serious anxiety attack.It was then that I knew I needed to do more to understand what my husband was going through.Here is what I learned from my own experience—and from talking to experts—on how to support your spouse through a job loss. 做这类题目时考生应通读全文，把握作者的写作思路，考生可在下文找出作者已经阐明的问题或观点，接下来文章将会如何发展便一目了然了。例如本段材料最后提到“...on how to support your spouse through a job loss.”可知，作者从专家那里了解到如何帮助配偶度过失业的时期，由此可以推断，下面的文章应该是叙述作者如何帮助丈夫度过那段时期的。
◆What will be talked about in the next part of the passage
A．What the writer did to help get some income.
B．How David suffered from the heart attack and the treatment.
C．How the writer supported David to get through the jobless period.
D．Why the insurance company fired David.
[答案] C
请快速确定下面这段文字后面会接着叙述的内容
In addition，positive affirmations (肯定) can certainly change your self talk from negative to positive.Now，why not begin working positive affirmations into your life in some creative ways
◆What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph
A．How negative self talk influences a person.
B．How positive self talk reduces stress in one's life.
C．Some great ways of making great friends.
D．Some creative ways of practicing affirmation.
[答案] D
写一篇影评
本单元的写作项目是写一篇影评，属于记叙文写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1．开头(the beginning)——引出影片；
2．主体(the middle)——简要介绍；
3．结尾(the ending)——自我感受。
[常用词块]
1．star in 主演
2．set a new box office record创造票房新纪录
3．be set in the Civil War 以南北战争为背景
4．be impressed by...对……印象深刻
5．be popular with audience at home and abroad受国内外观众的欢迎
6．in harmony with nature与自然和谐共处
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．This is a very touching film，a must see.
这是一部非常感人的电影，是必看的。
2．Judging from the wild clapping and cheers that filled the cinema，everybody agreed that it was indeed the best film of the year.
从电影院里热烈的掌声和欢呼声来看，每个人都认为这确实是今年最好的电影。
★正文佳句
1．Wu Jing and some other famous actors starred in it，including a famous actor from England.
吴京和其他一些著名演员主演了这部电影，其中包括一位来自英国的著名演员。
2．The film is set in 2154 and tells a story of a disabled soldier.
这部电影以2154年为背景，讲述了一个残疾士兵的故事。
★余味结尾
1．In my opinion，this is one of the most successful films.
在我看来，这是最成功的电影之一。
2．I think this is really a moving and inspiring film，which shows us that anyone can get happiness as long as he has a positive attitude to life.
我觉得这真的是一部感人又鼓舞人心的电影，它告诉我们，任何人只要对生活有积极的态度，就能得到幸福。
请根据下面的提示写一篇关于电影《战狼Ⅱ》(Wolf Warriors Ⅱ)的影评。
1．由吴京导演，由吴京及其他著名演员(包括一名英国演员)主演；
2．主人公冷锋被军队开除后，意外卷入非洲某国家的叛乱，本可以安全离开，但他选择了留下救人……；
3．反映主题：强大的中国可以保护所有的中国人不受伤害。
注意：词数80左右。
参考词汇：叛乱rebellion
[学生习作]
Wolf Warriors Ⅱ was directed by Wu Jing.He and other famous actors starred in it.Even a famous actor from England starred in it.The leading character，Leng Feng was dismissed from the army.He was involved in a rebellion in some country in Africa.He could have left，but he chose to stay to rescue the people in danger.Through the film，we can see that China is such a strong country that she can protect all the Chinese people. 点评：1.本篇习作能够符合影评写作的基本要求，能够对电影进行简要介绍，并发表自己的观点，结构合理。2.句式结构单一，有待提升，可以适当增添复合句以增添文章的语言色彩。
[升格作文]
The film Wolf Warriors Ⅱ，directed by Wu Jing，was very popular in China.Wu Jing and some other famous actors starred in it，including a famous actor from England.A soldier named Leng Feng was removed from the army.He was about to begin a casual life when an accident changed his whole life.He was involved in a rebellion in some country in Africa.He could have left safely，but he chose to stay to save the people in danger.
This film shows that China is so strong that she can protect all the Chinese people from being hurt.
请根据下面内容写一篇短文，介绍好莱坞电影《阿凡达》(Avatar)的有关情况及你的感想。短文必须包括以下信息：
1．《阿凡达》在中国大陆上映时，超过了《泰坦尼克号》(Titanic)，创造了票房(box office)新纪录。
2．电影的拍摄历时五年多，是最昂贵的电影之一。赢得了金球奖(Golden Globe)，获得了九项奥斯卡提名(an Oscar nomination)。
3．该电影以2154年为背景，讲述了一个残疾(disabled)军人被派往潘多拉星球(Pandora)去说服那里的人们让地球人在他们的家乡开采自然资源的故事。
4．你的感想……
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
A Hollywood film，Avatar，broke the record set by Titanic，becoming the highest box office film at that time.
It took more than five years to make the film and it is one of the most expensive films.It won a Golden Globe accompanied with nine Oscar nominations.The film is set in 2154 and tells a story of a disabled soldier who is sent to Pandora to try to persuade the inhabitants to let his mates mine their homeland for natural resources.
From it，I learn that different races should respect each other and live in harmony instead of being at war.
8/8
