Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.appetite A．vi.交流；交往；相互作用
( )2.forecast B．vt.宣布，宣告
( )3.deserve C．vt.增强；改进；提高
( )4.announce D．vi.尖声大叫；n.尖叫声
( )5.potential E．vi.&vt.假装，装作
( )6.pretend F．n.潜力，潜能；
adj.潜在的，可能的
( )7.anxiety G．vt.应得，应受到
( )8.enhance H．n.焦虑，不安，担心
( )9.scream I．n.physical desire for food
( )10.interact J．vt.a statement about whatwill
happen in the future
[答案] 1－5 IJGBF 6－10 EHCDA
B．短语匹配
( )1.be used to A．偶尔，有时
( )2.call in B．把……加到……
( )3.from time to time C．交付，交给；让给
( )4.hand over D．习惯于
( )5.add...to... E．叫进来；到访
[答案] 1－5 DEACB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．doorway n. 门口，出入口
2．antique n. 古董
adj. 古时制造的
3．innocently adv. 装作若无其事地；无辜地
4．astronomy n. 天文学
5．faithful adj. 忠诚的
6．scientific adj. 科学(上)的
7．atmosphere n. 大气(层)；气氛，氛围，环境
8．middle aged adj. 中年的
9．surgery n. 诊所；外科手术
10．sneeze vi.&n. 打喷嚏
Ⅰ.语境填空
sneeze；scientific；potentially；deserve；innocently；scream；atmosphere；crisis；appetite；antique
1．The report deserves careful consideration.
2．She put her hand over her mouth to stop herself from screaming．
3．He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite．
4．It's the first one I came across，replied Bertha innocently．
5．Many proprietors try to furnish their hotels with antiques．
6．These gases pollute the atmosphere of towns and cities.
7．He took a very scientific approach to management.
8．The business is still in crisis but it has survived the worst of the recession.
9．Put a handkerchief over your mouth when you sneeze．
10．Tears help to protect the eyes from potentially harmful foreign bodies.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．I have been a faithful(faith) reader of your newspaper for many years.
2．Accurate measurement(measure) is very important in science.
3．At this juncture，I would like to make an important announcement(announce)．
4．It's too soon to write off the whole consultation(consult) process as a failure.
5．They found invasive cancer during a routine physical examination(examine)．
6．A potentially(potential)rich country is the one with many natural resources that could be developed.
7．There were a few anxious(anxiety)moments in the baseball game.
8．People are confused(confuse)about all the different labels on food these days.
1．He noticed that the saucer was an antique and very valuable，so he walked casually into the store and innocently offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars.
收藏家注意到浅碟是件古董，很值钱，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，假装不知情的样子，提出要花20美元买那只猫。
2．A middle aged man was feeling very down.
一个中年人情绪低落。
3．So，after he had been feeling depressed for over a month，he decided to go to the doctor.
所以，在抑郁了一个多月后，他决定去看医生。
4．You have slightly high blood pressure and you're breathing quite heavily，but otherwise everything's fine.
除了血压有点高，呼吸有些沉重，其他方面都正常。
5．I hear there's an amazing clown who'll really make you laugh.His name's Grock.
我听说马戏团里有个很棒的小丑，叫格罗克，他肯定能逗笑你。
词语助读
①collector n．收藏家，收集者
②lap vt.舔
③saucer n．杯托
④doorway n．门口；出入口
⑤a double take再看一眼
⑥antique n．古董adj.古时制造的
⑦valuable adj.有价值的；贵重的；宝贵的
⑧casually adv.漫不经心地；非正式地
⑨innocently adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地
⑩appetite n．胃口，食欲
hand over交给；移交
wonder v．想知道
throw in额外赠送
be used to sth.习惯于某物
so far迄今为止
Sherlock Holmes夏洛克·福尔摩斯是由19世纪末的英国侦探小说家阿瑟·柯南·道尔所塑造的一位才华横溢的侦探。
wake up醒来
faithful adj.忠诚的
deduce vt.推论，推断
astronomy n．天文学
galaxy n．星系
potentially adv.可能地；潜在地
potential adj.潜在的n.潜能
Saturn n．土星，太阳系中仅次于木星的第二大行星，是太阳系八大行星之一，也是质量和大小仅次于木星的大行星。
Leo n．狮子座
scientific adj.科学(上)的
measurement n．测量，计量，衡量
quarter n．刻，一刻(相当于15分钟)
atmosphere n．大气(层)；气氛，氛围，环境
forecast vt.预测，预报
middle aged adj.中年的
down adj.情绪低落的
go wrong 出乱子；出岔子
depressed adj.沮丧的
depressing adj.令人沮丧的
surgery n．诊所；外科手术
bleed vi.流血，出血
nervously adv.紧张地；不安地
sneeze vi.&n.打喷嚏
scream vi.尖声大叫n.尖叫声
consultation n．就诊；咨询
consult vt.咨询；请教
crisis n．危难时刻；危机
pale adj.苍白的
examine vt.检查；测试
announce vt.宣布；宣告
announcement n．宣布；通知；告知
afterwards adv.随后，后来
slightly adv.轻微地；稍微地
circus n．马戏团
amazing adj.令人惊奇的；令人惊讶的
amazed adj.惊奇的；惊讶的
clown n．小丑
原文呈现
WHAT'S SO FUNNY
Story A
A famous art collector① was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping② milk from a saucer③ in the doorway④ of a store．He did a double take.⑤
本句中的be doing...when...表示“正在……，这时……”。
He noticed that the saucer was an antique⑥ and very valuable⑦，so he walked casually⑧into the store and innocently⑨offered to buy the cat for 20 dollars.
The store owner replied，“I'm sorry，but the cat isn't for sale.”
The collector said，“Please，I need a hungry cat with a good appetite⑩ around the house to catch mice.I'll pay you 200 dollars for that cat.”
The owner said “sold” and handed over the cat.
The collector continued，“Hey，for the 200 dollars I wonder if you could throw in that old saucer.The cat's used to it and it'll save me from having to get a dish.”
And the owner said，“Sorry my friend，but that's my lucky saucer.So far this week I've sold 68 cats.”
Story B
Sherlock Holmes and Dr.Watson went on a camping trip.After a good dinner and a bottle of wine，they retired for the night，and went to sleep.
Some hours later，Holmes woke up and asked his faithful friend，“Watson，look up at the sky and tell me what you see.”
“I see millions and millions of stars，Holmes，” replied Watson.
“And what do you deduce from that？”
Watson thought for a minute.
“Well，according to the studies on astronomy ，it tells me that there are millions of galaxies and potentiallybillions of planets.According to the positions of the stars，I observe that Saturnis in Leo24.According to the scientificmeasurementof time，I deduce that the time is probably a quarterpast three.According to the current atmosphere，I forecast29that we will have a beautiful day tomorrow.What does it tell you，Holmes？”
Holmes was silent for a moment.“Watson，” he said，“someone has stolen our tent！”
Story C
A middle agedman was feeling very down.Everything had been going wrongfor him.He had had problems at work and his wife had left him for another man.So，after he had been feeling depressedfor over a month，he decided to go to the doctor.He had to wait for what seemed like ages in the doctor's surgery.The bleedingman next to him was looking at his watch nervously；a woman was coughing and sneezing badly；and a baby was screaming.Finally，after he had been waiting for about half an hour，he was called in for his consultation.The doctor was writing a note at her desk when he came in.“Sorry，I'm just finishing something.I'm afraid we've been very busy this morning.” She then turned to the man.“So，what's the problem？” she asked.
“Well，I've been having a bit of a crisis，you know，lots of problems，” replied the man.“And I've been doing a lot of work.”
“Mmm，you're looking very pale.” The doctor started to examine him.“Well，everything is working OK，” she announced afterwards.“You have slightly high blood pressure and you're breathing quite heavily，but otherwise everything's fine.”
“So what can I do？” asked the man.“I'm going on a trip soon.I will be working in the United States for three months.This time next week，I'll be arriving in New York.”
The doctor thought for a while.“I think what you need is a good laugh.That would do you a lot of good.A circus is performing in town.Why don't you go to see it？I hear there's an amazing clown who'll really make you laugh.His name's Grock.”
“I am Grock，” replied the man sadly.
译文参考
有趣的小故事
故事A
一个著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。他惊讶地又看了一眼。
收藏家注意到浅碟是件古董，很值钱，于是他漫不经心地走进店里，假装不知情的样子，提出要花20美元买那只猫。
店主回答道：“对不起，这只猫不卖。”
收藏家说：“拜托了，我正需要一只又饿、胃口又好的猫帮我抓屋里的老鼠呢，我可以出200美元买那只猫。”
店主说了声“成交”，就把猫给了他。
收藏家接着说：“嘿，200 美元的话能不能把那个破碟子也送给我。毕竟这猫已经习惯了用它，这样也省得我再去买猫食盆了。”
店主说：“对不起，朋友，那可是我的幸运碟。到现在为止，这周我已经卖出去68 只猫了。”
故事B
福尔摩斯和华生医生去野营了。吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐，喝了一瓶酒后，就准备休息，就去睡觉了。
几个小时后，福尔摩斯醒了，问他忠实的朋友：“华生，抬头看看天空，告诉我你看到了什么。”
“福尔摩斯，我看到无数的星星，”华生回答。
“那你从中推断出什么？”
华生想了一会儿。
“嗯，根据天文学研究推断，现在天空中有数百万的星系，可能还有数十亿颗行星。根据星星的位置判断，现在土星在狮子座。根据科学计时测算，我推断现在大概是三点一刻。根据目前的大气条件，我预测明天天气会很好。福尔摩斯，你推断出了什么？”
福尔摩斯沉默了一会儿。“华生，”他说，“有人偷了我们的帐篷！”
故事C
一个中年人情绪低落。对他来说一切都出了问题。他在工作上遇到了问题，他的妻子也离开了他，找了别的男人。所以，在抑郁了一个多月后，他决定去看医生。他在诊室里等着，像是等了几个世纪。旁边的男人在流血，紧张地看着手表；一个女人使劲咳嗽、打喷嚏；还有个婴儿在哭闹。等了半小时后，终于叫到他了。他进去时医生正在办公桌上写便条。“抱歉，我刚忙完别的事，今天上午很忙。”之后她转向中年人问道，“你怎么了？”
“是这样的，我最近遭遇了一点危机，嗯，是出现了很多问题，”那人回答道，“而且我工作一直很忙。”
“嗯，你脸色很苍白。”医生开始给他检查。“不过一切正常，”她检查后说道。“除了血压有点高，呼吸有些沉重，其他方面都正常。”
“那我该怎么办？”那人问道。“我很快就要出差了，要在美国连续工作三个月。下星期的这个时候，我就去纽约了。”
医生想了一会儿。“我觉得你需要开怀大笑，笑出来对你很有好处。城里刚好有马戏团表演，你怎么不去看看呢？我听说马戏团里有个很棒的小丑，叫格罗克，他肯定能逗笑你。”
“可我就是格罗克，”那人悲伤地回答。
速读P8－9课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确、错误，还是没有提及：
1．The famous art collector thought the cat was valuable.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not mentioned.
2．The owner of the store gave the old saucer to the collector.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not mentioned.
3．Holmes wanted to tell Watson that their tent was stolen.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not mentioned.
4．The middle aged man went to the doctor because he wanted to have an operation.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not mentioned.
5．The middle aged man went to the circus to see the clown.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBABB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确的选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．if the owner could throw in that old saucer
B．what seemed like ages
C．when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer
D．after he had been waiting for about half an hour
E．that there are millions of galaxies and potentially billions of planets
1．A famous art collector was walking through the city ________ in the doorway of a store.
2．For the 200 dollars the collector wondered ________．
3．According to the studies on astronomy，it tells me ________．
4．He had to wait for ________ in the doctor's surgery.
5．Finally，________，he was called in for his consultation.
[答案] 1－5 CAEBD
Ⅲ.表格填空
Story A An art collector noticed a cat lapping milk from a 1.saucer in a store.He realised that it was an 2.antique.He decided to buy the cat and offered to pay 3.200 dollars in the end.Then he asked the owner to 4.throw in the saucer，but the owner refused for he had sold 68 cats because of the saucer.
Story B Sherlock Holmes asked his faithful friend Dr.Watson what he saw from the sky.Watson said he saw millions and millions of 5.stars.Based on his knowledge on astronomy，he believed there are millions of 6.galaxies and billions of planets.He deduced that it was probably a quarter past three based on the scientific 7.measurement of time.From the 8.atmosphere，he forecasted that it would be a beautiful day the next day.But Watson didn't realise someone had stolen their tent.
Story C A middle aged man who was feeling down went to the doctor.The doctor told him that he was OK after she 9.examined him.The doctor thought what the man needed was a good laugh，so she suggested him going to the 10.circus to see the clown.But she didn't know the man was the clown.
细读P8－9课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Story A A．The doctor and the clown.
2．Story B B．Holmes and Watson.
3．Story C C．An art collector and a cat owner.
[答案] 1－3 CBA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Which characters are in Story A
①The art collector. ②The middle aged man.
③Sherlock Holmes. ④Dr.Watson.
⑤The store owner. ⑥The doctor.
A．①② B．③④
C．①⑤ D．⑤⑥
2．Why could Sherlock Holmes and Dr.Watson see millions of stars when they woke up
A．Because it would be a beautiful day the next day.
B．Because someone had stolen their tent.
C．Because the time was probably a quarter past three.
D．Because they had drunk a bottle of wine.
3．What caused the middle aged man still sad at the end of Story C
A．He didn't find a skillful doctor.
B．He was seriously ill.
C．He would be working in the United States for three months.
D．He is Grock.
[答案] 1－3 CBD
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——时间描写
A．阅读课文中含有描写时间的语句
1．A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.
2．After a good dinner and a bottle of wine，they retired for the night and went to sleep.
3．So，after he had been feeling depressed for over a month，he decided to go to the doctor.
B．判断下列语句哪些不是描写时间的
1．Some hours later，Holmes woke up and asked his faithful friend，“Watson，look up at the sky and tell me what you see.”
2．According to the current atmosphere，I forecast that we will have a beautiful day tomorrow.
3．“Watson，” he said，“someone has stolen our tent！”
[答案] 3
1．humour n. 幽默；诙谐→humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的
2．face n. 脸，面容v.面对，朝向→facial adj.面部的；脸上的
3．anxious adj.焦虑的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑，不安，担心
4．embarrass vt.(尤指在社交场合)使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使陷入困境→embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的
5．confuse vt.使迷惑；(将……)混淆，混同→confused adj. 困惑的
6．faith n. 忠诚；信任→faithful adj.忠诚的
7．measure v．测量；度量；(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为；估量，判定(重要性、价值或影响等) →measurement n. 测量，计量，衡量
8．consult vt.咨询；请教→consultation n．就诊；咨询
9．announce vt.宣布，宣告→announcement n. 宣布；通告；布告
10．potential n．潜力，潜能adj.潜在的；可能的→potentially adv.可能地，潜在地
atmosphere n. (围绕地球的)大气，大气(层)，大气圈；(围绕其他天体的)气体；(房间、封闭空间或某处的)空气；气氛，氛围，环境
①These plants love warm，humid atmospheres. 空气
②The hotel offers a friendly atmosphere and personal service.氛围
③The children grew up in an atmosphere of violence and insecurity. 环境
Words and Phrases
pretend vt.&vi.假装，装作；伪称；自称
(教材P6)when someone pretends to be someone else
当有人假装是别人的时候
[例] He pretended to his family that everything was fine.
他对家人佯称一切都好。
[知识拓展]
pretend (not) to do sth. 假装(没)做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth. 假装已经做了某事
pretend that... 假装……
[名师点津]
pretend后面接as if从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She pretended to be reading(read) a novel when I came into the room.
②She pretends that she likes them so that she can get their help.
③The young actor pretended to be(be) Hamlet.
④When her mother came in，she pretended to have fallen(fall) asleep.
[小片段填空]
As Tom wasn't interested in his lessons，whenever there was an exam，he would pretend that he was ill/pretend to be ill(假装生病)．Last week，he pretended a headache(假装头痛)when the teacher was going to give a quiz.He pretended to be suffering great pain(假装痛得厉害) during the quiz.An hour later，when the quiz was finished，he pretended to have recovered(假装好了)．What a guy!
anxiety n. 焦虑，不安，担心
(教材P6)relieves stress and anxiety
缓解压力和焦虑
[例] Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety.
有些住院病人十分焦虑不安。
[知识拓展]
(1)with anxiety 焦虑地
(2)anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的；担心的
be anxious for/to do sth. 渴望某事/做某事
be anxious about 对……担心/担忧
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most children feel anxious about returning to school.
②She was anxious to finish(finish) school and get a job.
③If you are worried about your health，share your anxieties(anxious) with your doctor.
[小片段填空]
我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。但她又担心不能通过大学入学考试。我真希望她能够消除忧虑。
My daughter studies very hard，because she is anxious to go to college.But she is anxious about not passing the entrance exam.I am really anxious that she should get rid of anxiety.
significant adj.重要的，重大的
(教材P107)Research shows that laughing has significant benefits...
研究表明，笑有很大的好处……
[例] The results of the experiment are not statistically significant.
从统计学的观点看，实验结果意义不明显。
[知识拓展]
significance n． 重要，重要性；价值；意义
be of great significance＝be very significant
有重要意义的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The new drug has great significance(significant) for the treatment of the disease.
②What he has done for the school is very significant.
＝What he has done for the school is of great significance．
embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的
(教材P107)I was so embarrassed that I wanted the floor to open up and consume me.
我太尴尬了，我想让地板打开，钻到地缝里。
[例] Some women are too embarrassed to consult their doctor about the problem.
有些妇女太害羞，不愿就这个问题向医生咨询。
[知识拓展]
(1)embarrass vt. 使尴尬；使难堪
embarrass sb.into doing sth. 令某人尴尬促其做某事
(2)embarrassing adj. 令人为难的；令人难堪的
(3)embarrassment n. 尴尬；困窘
to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It can be embarrassing(embarrass) for children to tell complete strangers about such incidents.
②Much to her embarrassment(embarrass) she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.
[小片段填空]
The embarrassing situation made him feel embarrassed．To his great embarrassment，he was ignored by all the guests.(embarrass)
confused adj.困惑的；不知所措的；混乱的
(教材P107)He was confused and didn't know if he should carry on hitting me，or stop and help Mr.Zhao—so he just stood there.
他很困惑，不知道是继续打我，还是停下来帮助赵先生，所以他就站在那里。
[例] He was too distressed and confused to answer their questions.
他非常苦恼而困惑，无法回答他们的问题。
[知识拓展]
(1)become/get confused 困惑，不知所措
(2)confuse vt. 使困窘；使困惑；使混乱
confuse sb. 使某人困惑(糊涂)
be confused by sth. 被某(事)物搞糊涂了
confuse...with/and... 把……和……混淆
confuse black with white 混淆黑白
(3)confusing adj. 令人困惑的，难以理解的
confusion n．[U] 混乱，混淆；困惑
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①People were confused by a lot of information.
②I confused her with her sister because they were so alike.
③The annoying thing about the scheme is that it's confusing(confuse)．
④There is some confusion(confuse) about what the correct procedure should be.
faithful adj.忠诚的；可靠的
(教材P8)Some hours later，Holmes woke up and asked his faithful friend，“Watson，look up at the sky and tell me what you see.”
几个小时后，福尔摩斯醒了，问他忠实的朋友：“华生，抬头看看天空，告诉我你看到了什么。”
[例] She was rewarded for her 40 years' faithful service with the company.
她为公司忠诚服务了40年，因而获得奖赏。
[知识拓展]
(1)be faithful to... 对……忠实/忠诚
(2)faith n. 信任；信心；信仰；信念
have faith in 对……有信心；信赖……
lose faith in 失去对……的信心
in good faith 真诚；诚心诚意
(3)faithfully adv. 忠实地；忠诚地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The translation should be faithful to the original both in meaning and form.
②The public never had faith in his ability to handle the job.
③He had supported the local team faithfully(faith) for 30 years.
[小片段填空]
Have faith in yourself，be faithful to your work and faithfully live up to your promise，and then you are sure to succeed.(faith)
measurement n. 测量，计量，衡量
(教材P8)According to the scientific measurement of time，I deduce that the time is probably a quarter past three.
根据科学计时测算，我推断现在大概是三点一刻。
[例] The exact measurements of the room are 3 metres 20 by 2 metres 84.
这间屋子的准确尺寸是长3.20米，宽2.84米。
[知识拓展]
measure vt.& vi. 测量；计量；酌量，权衡；估量；
量；有……长(或宽、高等)
n. 措施；尺寸
measure sb.for a new suit
给某人量尺寸做一套新西装
take sb.'s /sth.'s measure＝take the measure of sb./sth.
给某人/某物量尺寸
to one's measure 按照某人的尺寸
take measures to do sth. 采取措施干某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We must take effective measures to improve(improve) our work.
②The tailor took my measure for a new suit.
③The lake measures(measure) 130 by 80 kilometres.
consultation n. 就诊；咨询
(教材P9)Finally，after he had been waiting for about half an hour，he was called in for his consultation.
等了半小时后，终于叫到他了。
[例] The decision was taken after close consultation with local residents.
这项决定是在与当地居民仔细磋商后作出的。
[知识拓展]
(1)consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查找
consult sb.about sth.
向某人咨询某事；向某人请教有
关……的事
consult (with) sb.(about/on sth.)
(就某事)与某人商量
consult a dictionary for the meaning of a word
查词典找某词的词义
(2)consultant n. 顾问
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①An increasing number of clients are consulting them about Social Security changes.
②The minister today had consultations(consult) with the president.
③He was a consultant(consult) to the Swedish government.
deserve vt.应得，应受到
(教材P11)I really don't think I deserve a zero.
我真的认为我不应该得零分。
[例] One player in particular deserves a mention.
有一名运动员特别值得表扬。
[知识拓展]
deserve＋v. ing/to be done... 值得被……
deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意
deserve to do sth. 应该/值得做某事
deserve it (口)自作自受，活该
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①He felt that he didn't deserve to be given(give) such a great honor.
②The suggestion put forward by the professor at the meeting deserves consideration.
＝The suggestion put forward by the professor at the meeting deserves to be considered．
＝The suggestion put forward by the professor at the meeting deserves considering．
Sentence Pattern
be doing...when...句型
(教材P8)A famous art collector was walking through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store.
一个著名的艺术品收藏家在穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口舔饮浅碟中的牛奶。
句式分析：本句中的be doing...when...是固定句型，表示“正在……，这时……”，句中when是并列连词，相当于at that time。
[例1] I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off.
我正在看电视，这时突然停电了。
[例2] We were swimming in the river when the storm started.
我们正在河里游泳，这时开始下暴雨了。
[知识拓展]
be about to do sth.when... 正要做某事这时……
be on the point of doing sth.when...
即将做某事这时突然……
had just done sth.when... 刚做完某事这时……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We were about to start when it began to rain.
②I was on the point of leaving(leave) when the phone rang.
③He had just fallen asleep，when the telephone rang.
教材 高考
1.relieves stress and anxiety (2020·北京卷)People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans(寿命)，lower rates of depression and anxiety，better physical and psychological health，reduced risks of death from heart problems.
2.Research shows that laughing has significant benefits. (2020·浙江卷)These lights，known as adaptive signals，have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
3.According to the scientific measurement of time，I deduce that the time is probably a quarter past three. (2020·北京卷)Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground.
4.I really don't think I deserve a zero. (2019·江苏卷)His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I was driving(drive) down to London when I found that I was on the wrong road.
2．They had tried their best and they deserved to win(win)．
3．He consulted with his wife before selling the car.
4．They will take measures to keep(keep) people from coming in.
5．He is faithful (faith) in the performance of his duties.
6．A survey showed people were confused(confuse) about what they should eat to stay healthy.
7．It was so embarrassing(embarrass) having to sing in public.
8．They discussed the statistical significance(significant) of the results.
9．The police are anxious(anxiety) to hear from anyone who may know her.
10．He pretended not to have seen(see) me when passing by yesterday.
Ⅱ.短语填空
from time to time；hand over；call in；be used to；throw in
1．Pay ￡4.80 for larger prints and they throw in a free photo album.
2．She was used to receiving admiring glances from men.
3．She has to work at weekends from time to time．
4．He finally handed over his responsibility for the company last year.
5．The family of the missing girl has been called in by the police to identify the body.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Story A An art collector noticed a cat 1.lapping(lap) milk from a saucer in a store.He realised that it was an antique.He decided to buy the cat and offered 2.to pay(pay) 200 dollars in the end.Then he asked the owner to throw in the saucer，but the owner refused for he 3.had sold(sell) 68 cats because of the saucer.
Story B Sherlock Holmes asked his 4.faithful(faith) friend Dr.Watson what he saw from the sky.Watson said he saw millions and millions of stars.5.Based(base) on his knowledge on astronomy，he believed there are millions of galaxies and billions of planets.He deduced that it was 6.probably(probable) a quarter past three based on the scientific measurement of time.From the atmosphere，he forecasted that it would be a beautiful day the next day.7.But Watson didn't realise someone had stolen their tent.
Story C A middle aged man who was feeling down went to the doctor.The doctor told him that he was OK after she examined him.The doctor thought 8.what the man needed was a good laugh，so she suggested him 9.going(go) to the circus to see the clown.But she didn't know the man was the clown.
进行时态
[观察例句]
1．Brian Blakey is sitting on his sofa and telling me about his perfect day.
2．Bob Black is sitting at his desk and working his way through his paperwork.
3．While the spaceship was circling the earth for the sixth time，Yang Liwei spoke with ground control in Gansu.
4．Millions of people all over China were watching TV when the spaceship landed safely.
5．People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.
6．Many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.
[归纳用法]
一、现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
Now watch carefully and see what is happening.
现在仔细观察，看正在发生什么事。
2．表示现阶段一直进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation.
这个暑假我在农场给爸爸帮忙。
3．有时表示即将发生的动作(只限于go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，drive，do，have等)，这时常有一个表示将来的时间状语。
Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week
你将在广州待一周吗？
4．在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来进行时。
If I am sleeping when he comes，wake me up，please.
他来时，如果我在睡觉，请叫醒我。
5．与副词always，usually，forever，constantly等连用，表达说话者的一种感彩。
She is always thinking of others instead of herself.
她总是想着别人而不是她自己。
[记忆口诀]
look，listen是标志，现在进行正发生；有now出现在句中，“be＋v. ing”时态成。若问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。一般问句be提前，be加not否定成。
[名师点津]
下列动词不能用于进行时态：
感官类：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，seem，appear，etc.
感觉类：hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive，etc.
存在类：be，exist，remain，stay，obtain，etc.
占有、从属类：have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form，etc.
认识类：understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember，etc.
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing(change) so rapidly.
②You can't move in right now.The house is being painted(paint)．
③My money is running out(run out)．I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I've none in hand.
二、过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。其构成形式为：was/were＋v. ing形式。
1．表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常要用时间状语，或通过上下文来表示。
They were taking physical exercise at seven this morning.
今天早晨7点钟的时候他们正在锻炼身体。
She was telephoning a friend when I came in.
当我进来时，她正在给一个朋友打电话。
2．表示过去某一段时间一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
They were digging a railway tunnel last week.
他们上星期在挖一条铁路隧道。
I know he was writing a book last year but I'm not sure whether he has finished it.
我知道他去年在写一本书，但是我不知道他写完了没有。
3．表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些动词，如：go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，do，have等。
They were leaving a few days later.
他们几天后就要离开了。
4．提供故事发生的时间、背景。
One day，Jones was walking along the street.
一天，琼斯正沿街走着。
It was snowing as they made their way to the front.
当他们向前线挺进的时候，天正下着雪。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①My brother fell while he was riding(ride) his bicycle and hurt himself.
②Mary was making(make) a dress when she cut her finger.
③He said they were leaving(leave) for Beijing this afternoon.
三、现在完成进行时
1．意义
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。
2．构成
肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have)
I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。
否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He hasn't been using the car for the last two months.
过去两个月他一直没用车。
3．用法
(1)表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下)
(2)表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
Her eyes are red.It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time.
她的眼睛红红的。显然哭了很长时间。
(3)强调动作延续时间的长久或带感彩。
She has always been working hard.
她工作一直很努力。
(4)表示这段时间反复发生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.
这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。
[名师点津]
不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。
我已经感冒两周了。
I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×)
I have had a cold for two weeks. (√)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I really should have gone with you but I was working(work) on some remaining problems.
2．When I arrived，the boss was talking(talk)，so I had no chance.
3．The students were studying(study)busily when the electricity went off.
4．You should go to bed.You have been watching(watch) TV for 5 hours.
5．I have been working(work)in this school since I graduated from college.Now I am still working here.
6．You know，I have been looking(look)for a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview.
7．I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing(do)．
8．Remember that when you are taking(take) a rest，someone else is always working.
9．Someone is ringing(ring) the doorbell.Go and see who it is.
10．The little boy is dirty all over because he has been playing(play)in the mud all the morning.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I am a teacher in a middle school.I 1.am teaching(teach) English in Senior Three.I 2.have been working(work) here for twenty years 3.since I graduated from college.
I think teaching is the most 4.admirable(admire) job in our city.In class，I discuss some questions with students and encourage them to take part in all well organized 5.activities(activity)．I think each of them is a good student.6.After class，we'll play sports together，have interest groups，talk about some 7.interesting(interest) topics，and we'll have a picnic 8.on weekends.I think we'll have a good time and the students will grow up 9.healthily(health)．
I once imagined I 10.was studying(study) with students in the classroom.课时分层作业(二)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More and more people tend to go to E libraries in which they have access to books when they are unable to physically(physical) get to a library.
2．All colors fade，especially(especial) under the impact of direct sunlight.
3．He hummed and hawed for a while，but failed to come up with a convincing(convince) argument.
4．It is so beautiful a song that I listened to it for many times.
5．He excelled at impersonations，which provided great amusement(amuse) for him and his friends.
6．He whispered to me that his temperature was right up.
7．It was an embarrassing(embarrass) situation，but they carried it off well.
8．Admittedly，it is rather expensive(expense) but you don't need to use much.
9．She accidentally(accident) stepped on his foot on a crowded commuter train.
10．Many colleges try to find students talented in music，art and theater.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The idea that you can use humor，laughter，and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true.However，it is really true and simple.The sense of humor，laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humor，which is closely tied to laughter.Laughter is infectious．Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling When laughter is shared between people，it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is.You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you，and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile，even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy.We are often encouraged to make sure our children play，and are told of the benefits of being out playing.However，what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it's for children.Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.While the studies are still in the early stages，the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的) falling.
Anyway，adding humor，laughter，and play to our life will influence us mentally，physically and socially and bring us many advantages.So we should make full use of humor，laughter and play to make our life more active，more interesting and happier.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。
1．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Playing an important role.
B．Keeping people in high spirits.
C．Quickly influencing other people.
D．Preventing illness from spreading.
C [词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people，it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意思为迅速影响其他人。]
2．What can laughter increase according to the author
A．Cognitive ability.
B．Good relationships.
C．A sense of humor.
D．Happiness and trust.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people，it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness...and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile，even with a stranger”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。]
3．What does the author think the old should do
A．They should have a good rest.
B．They should play like children.
C．They should prevent cognitive falling.
D．They should take part in physical play.
D [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However，what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it's for children.Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与体育活动。]
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A．Humor，Laughter and Play for Health
B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C．Have an Active and Happy Life
D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax
A [标题判断题。根据最后一段“Anyway，adding humor，laughter，and play to our life will influence us mentally，physically and socially and bring us many advantages.So we should make full use of humor，laughter and play to make our life more active，more interesting and happier”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
When Bruce was young，he was always energetic.But at age 30，he 1 himself to taking drugs.Within months，he was reduced to sleeping under a bridge，which happened to be on the 2 of the Boston Marathon.He would watch the runners speed past，longing to take part and pull his life together.
After a lot of therapy(治疗)and love，the 54 year old man has so far 3 the marathon finish line 32 times.Without doubt，his most recent race was the most 4 .Early one morning，Bruce 5 the subway bound for the Chicago Marathon.Before long，he noticed a man who seemed to be 6 moving from passenger to passenger，asking for spare change.His behavior 7 Bruce as“really absurd”，especially the way he glared at anyone who he felt hadn't given him 8 .
Then at the Cumberland station，several stops before the one for the marathon，most of the passengers suddenly 9 the train，shouting that the man asking for money was，in fact， 10 and robbing people.
11 he might throw himself in danger，worried that man would hurt innocent people，Bruce rushed to the man and fought for the gun. 12 ，he pinned him against the door and grabbed the gun.Then the police crowded into the train and Bruce let them 13 ．
“I just happen to be at the right place at the right moment，” he says.“I've lived a hard life，but I believe change starts 14 yourself.It's a great experience for an imperfect man to find the 15 way to give back.”
【语篇解读】 本文记叙了曾经沉溺于吸毒的布鲁斯，受到马拉松参加者的鼓舞，振作了自己的生活，这位54岁的男子已经32次越过马拉松终点线。一天，他在一辆地铁上制服了一个想持枪抢劫的流浪汉，用自己的方式回报了社会。对一个不完美的人来说，找到完美的回报方式是一段很好的经历。
1．A.awoken B．advanced
C．abandoned D．applied
C [根据后文“himself to taking drugs”可知，此处考查短语abandon oneself to doing sth.表示“沉溺于做某事”。故选C。]
2．A.point B．avenue
C．basis D．route
D [结合后文“of the Boston Marathon”可知，该处指的是这座桥是波士顿马拉松比赛的必经路线。故选D。]
3．A.crossed B．extended
C．marked D．beaten
A [根据后文“the marathon finish line”可知，是越过马拉松终点线。故选A。]
4．A.unbelievable B．abnormal
C．memorable D．forgettable
C [Bruce参加了许多次比赛，但是文章唯独提到最近的一次比赛，说明这次比赛很令人难忘。故选C。]
5．A.missed B．approached
C．boarded D．transformed
C [根据后文“the subway”可知是搭乘地铁。故选C。]
6．A.homeless B．violent
C．desperate D．disabled
A [根据后文“asking for spare change”可知，这是个无家可归的人在要钱。故选A。]
7．A.thought B．struck
C．regarded D．described
B [后文提到流浪汉瞪着那些没给够钱的人，这一行为给Bruce留下了“非常荒唐”的印象。strike sb.as表示“给某人以……印象”。故选B。]
8．A.change B．money
C．trust D．enough
D [结合上文“the way he glared at anyone who he felt hadn't given him”可知，对方没给足够的钱，所以流浪汉瞪着别人。故选D。]
9．A.fled B．withdrew
C．avoided D．skipped
A [根据后文“and robbing people”可知，要钱的人是个抢劫犯，所以乘客突然逃走了。故选A。]
10．A.equipped B．armed
C．injured D．prepared
B [根据后文“fought for the gun”可知，要钱的人有枪，随时可能向人们开枪。故选B。]
11．A.While B．Before
C．Unless D．As
A [此处为让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用while。故选A。]
12．A.Surprisingly B．Eventually
C．Hopefully D．Undoubtedly
B [根据后文“he pinned him against the door and grabbed the gun”可知，最后布鲁斯制服了流浪汉，抢下了枪。故选B。]
13．A.take in B．take up
C．take on D．take over
D [结合上文“Then the police crowded into the train”可知，警察来到了现场，所以布鲁斯把这个现场交给警察接管了。故选D。]
14．A.within B．beyond
C．against D．above
A [根据第一段中“He would watch the runners speed past，longing to take part and pull his life together.”可知，布鲁斯的改变是从自己内心开始的，自发的。故选A。]
15．A.excellent B．perfect
C．satisfactory D．amazing
B [此处与上文“for an imperfect man”形成对照，表示一个不完美的人找到完美的回报方式是一段很好的经历。故选B。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
I was excited 1.________(take) my rescue Beagle (比格犬) to the river the other day，as it's within walking distance of our new home.Having spent her first three years in a cage，Georgie had never seen a body of water，and I wanted to get there before sunset to watch her experience it.
I was growing 2.________(increasing) impatient about all the stops her little Beagle nose required.She inspected the grass，dirt，and trees，and licked whatever 3.________(stick) to the road.These were all new 4.________(discovery) for her，and she took her time studying them.
When I accepted that it was fruitless to hurry her along，I whipped out my cell phone and began texting.I thought that I needed something to do while Georgie was slowing us down.Then，5.________ some reason，I heard the cicadas (蝉)，and I remembered that the sound of cicadas is my favourite sound in the world.That awakened something 6.________(bury) within me that longed for the simple pleasures 7.________had been replaced by technology.
I made a 8.________(consciousness) decision to be present，and to enjoy the journey to the river just like Georgie.Now，I admired the flowers and the winding ivy (常青藤) on our path.I smelled the grass and the flowers，and the dirt and the air.I treasured each one equally，as if discovering them for the first time.
As we neared our destination，I realized something even 9.________(much) important: It didn't matter if we even reached the river.Why must there always be a destination Georgie had no idea that we had a destination.She was present for the journey，and she completely enjoyed every bit of that sweet experience.There was no race 10.________ no finish line.
Now I'm not sure who rescued whom.
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了作者在和自己的比格犬去河边的旅程中，发现了应该学会享受生活中简单的快乐。抒发了生活中没有比赛也没有终点的感悟。
1．to take [考查固定短语。句意：前几天我很兴奋能带我的救援比格犬去河边。本句涉及固定短语be excited to do sth.意为“做某事很激动”。故填to take。]
2．increasingly [考查副词。句意：我对所有她停下来用她的小鼻子闻一闻的动作越来越不耐烦了。空格后impatient为形容词，意为“不耐烦的”，前面应用副词修饰。increasing意为“越来越多的”，形容词词性，对应的副词形式为increasingly，意为“越来越多地”。故填increasingly。]
3．had been stuck/was stuck [考查时态和语态。根据句子结构可知，and后句子为whatever引导的宾语从句，根据主句谓语动词licked 可判断从句应用一般过去时。be stuck to意为“(被)粘住”，为固定短语，即whatever与stick之间为被动关系。故空格处应填一般过去时的被动语态，句式为“主语＋was/were＋动词过去分词＋其他”，故填was stuck。换一个角度，句子主语whatever代表的东西也可以理解为是她licked(舔)之前被粘在路上的，此时从句应用过去完成时的被动语态，句式为“主语＋had been＋动词过去分词＋其他”，故填had been stuck。故填was stuck/had been stuck。]
4．discoveries [考查名词。句意：这些对她来说都是新发现，她花时间研究它们。discovery意为“发现”，为可数名词。根据空格所在句谓语动词were可以判断出空格处应填可数名词复数形式，discovery的复数形式为discoveries。故填discoveries。]
5．for [考查固定短语。句意：不知道为什么，我听到了蝉鸣。本句涉及固定短语for some reason意为“由于某种原因”。故填for。]
6．buried [考查非谓语动词。句意：那唤醒了我内心深处渴望的被科技所取代的简单快乐的东西。句中有谓语动词awaken(唤起)且句中无连词，故应用bury(埋葬)的非谓语动词形式。句子宾语something与bury之间为被动关系，即某事或某物被埋藏在心底，故应用bury的过去分词形式buried。故填buried。]
7．that/which [考查定语从句。句意见上题。根据句子结构和句意可知，空格所在句为定语从句，先行词为pleasures(快乐)，为物，且关系词在从句中充当主语，故关系词应用that或which。故填that/which。]
8．conscious [考查形容词。句意：我此刻做出一个有意识的决定，像乔治一样享受去河边的旅行。made a decision意为“做出决定”，decision为名词词性，意为“决定”，前面应用形容词修饰。consciousness意为“意识”，为名词词性，对应的形容词为conscious，意为“有意识的”。故填conscious。]
9．more [考查形容词比较级。句意：当我们接近目的地时，我意识到了更重要的事情。even意为“甚至，更”，后接形容词的比较级。important意为“重要的”，为多音节单词，变比较级前面加more。故填more。]
10．and [考查连词。句意：没有比赛也没有终点。根据文意判断，no race与no finish line之间为并列关系，即人生不是一场比赛，也没有终点，故应用并列连词and。故填and。]
3/8Section Ⅲ READING & WRITING
阅读“READING CLUB 1”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why did Chaplin set up his own studio
A．Because his father and mother were successful actors.
B．Because he had to make a life.
C．Because he wanted to control over his work.
D．Because the audience loved him.
2．According to the passage，which is NOT the character of the underdog
A．Mental torment. B．Laziness.
C．Poverty. D．Hunger.
[答案] 1－2 CA
Words and Phrases
demand vt.要求；需要n.要求；所需之物
(教材P18)“I want a first class seat on this flight，now！” demanded the man angrily.
“我想买一个头等舱的座位，现在！”那人愤怒地要求道。
[例] The project has demanded considerable investment of time and effort.
该项目已让我们投入了相当多的时间和精力。
[知识拓展]
(1)demand sth.from/of sb. 向某人要求某物
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand of sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand＋that clause 要求……(从句谓语用should do，
should可以省略)
(2)in demand＝in need 需求
on demand 一经要求
meet the demand 满足需求
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I demand an immediate answer of/from you.
②I demand that one of you (should) go(go) there at once.
③Good secretaries are always in demand.
④There have been demands for the prime minister to resign(resign)．
make a life习惯新的生活方式、工作等
(教材P21)Suddenly，Charlie and his elder brother had to make a life on their own.
突然，查理和他的哥哥不得不自己谋生。
[例] I thought it mattered to make a life on my own，but after accomplishing that，I realized there was something missing.
我原以为独立创造生活至关重要，但实现这个目的后，我发现自己错失了一些东西。
[知识拓展]
come to life 变得活跃；变得更有趣
live/lead a...life 过着……生活
come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生机
bring...back to life 使……苏醒过来
[即学即练] 完成句子
①The quiet girl has come to life(那个安静的女孩活跃起来了)since she lived with his grandparents.
②Snow and ice begin to melt，Yellowstone starts to come back to life(开始恢复生机)．
③However，dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life(过着不同的生活)．
more than不仅仅是；不止
(教材P21)Chaplin's films were much more than just a series of slapstick scenes loosely woven together.
卓别林的电影不仅仅是一系列松散地交织在一起的闹剧场景。
[例] Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。
[知识拓展]
more than除有“不仅仅，不止”意思之外，还有“极其，非常”“多于，超过”的意思，其他相关短语有：
not more than 不多于，不超过
no more than 仅仅，只不过
more...than 与其……不如……
[即学即练] 完成句子
①Even if the bill were approved，it would be no more than a little measure(不过是一个小措施)．
②This film is not more moving than that one(不如那部感人)．
③He is not more a teacher than a worker(与其说是老师，不如说是工人)．
make sense有意义；讲得通
(教材P22)And does British humour make sense to other cultures
英国幽默对其他文化有意义吗？
[例] There are some stylistic elements in the statue that just don't make sense.
这座雕像中有一些风格上的成分毫无意义。
[知识拓展]
make sense of 弄懂，理解
in no sense 绝不；一点也不
in a sense 在某种意义上
There is no sense in doing sth.
做某事毫无意义。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It made no sense to say(say) anything since you did nothing.
②In no sense are(be) people allowed to hunt wild animals for their meat or fur.
③There is no sense in buying(buy) expensive clothes for children，as they soon grow out of them.
let alone更不用说
(教材P23)People might gently mock people in positions of power “my boss can't run a bath，let alone this company！” or mocking oneself...
人们可能会轻轻地嘲笑掌权的人：“我的老板连管理一个浴池都不会，更别说这家公司了！”或者自嘲……
[例] There isn't enough room for us，let alone any guests.
连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。
[知识拓展]
let out 发出；放出/走掉；放大/长/宽(衣物)
let down 使失望；放(降)下
let on (to sb.) 泄露(给某人)
let sb./sth.go/let go of sth.
释放；松手；放开
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm counting on you to support me—don't let me down．
②Close the door；you're letting all the heat out．
③The baby can't even crawl yet，let alone walk!
Sentence Pattern
while引导让步状语从句
(教材P22)And while there are many popular dramatic actors in Britain，there is something extra special about British comedy and comedians for global audiences.
虽然英国有很多受欢迎的戏剧演员，但是英国喜剧和喜剧演员对全球观众来说有一些特别之处。
句式分析：本句中的while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。
[例1] While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.
尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。
[例2] While Tom's very good at science，his brother is absolutely hopeless.
汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。
[知识拓展]
(1)while意为“当……时候”，指一段时间，不能用来表示一个时间点。
(2)while意为“而；然而”，表示转折。
(3)while意为“只要”，表示条件。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①While the discussion was still going on，George came in.
②There's plenty of rain in the southeast，while there's little in the northeast.
③We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united.
代词指代类
代词指代类一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
[例题剖析]
My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress，Miss Trunchbull，are equally funny and frightening，but they're also aspirational. 返回原文，找出画线的指代词。向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子； 将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。通过本题可知，此处是指代人物的，因此理顺文中出现的人物：Jo Usmar，Roald Dahl，Matilda，Miss Trunchbull，根据第一句可知“Jo Usmar”是一名作家；根据画线词“I”所在句可知，Roald Dahl是Jo Usmar一本书中的人物，此处是Jo Usmar在介绍这本书的内容，因此就很容易得出正确答案。
◆Who does “I” refer to in the text
A．Miss Trunchbull. B．Matilda.
C．Jo Usmar. D．Roald Dahl.
[答案] C
[即学即练]
请快速确定下面这段文字中代词指代的内容
There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物)in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
◆What does the underlined word “They” refer to
A．Flooded waters. B．Wildlife journeys.
C．Safari camps. D．Unique rides.
[答案] C
写一篇小故事
本单元的写作项目是写一篇故事，属于记叙文写作范畴。
[基本框架]
1．开头(the beginning)——引出故事；
2．主体(the middle)——具体过程；
3．结尾(the ending)——自我感受。
[常用词块]
1．set off for a place动身去一个地方
2．an unforgettable experience一次难忘的经历
3．look back on the past回首往事
4．remind me of the event让我想起那件事
5．show our determination 表明我们的决心
6．be worth having a try值得一试
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．I did have an unforgettable experience when I was a child.
当我还是孩子的时候，确实有一次难忘的经历。
2．The story reminded me of my own experience in an earthquake.
这个故事让我想起了自己在一次地震中的经历。
★正文佳句
1．When I came to myself，I found I was lying in bed in hospital.
当我苏醒的时候，我发现自己躺在医院的床上。
2．When I just went to the middle of the street，a car suddenly appeared and came directly toward me.
当我走到了街中间的时候，一辆小汽车突然出现了，直接冲我来了。
★余味结尾
1．Hearing the cry，I immediately rushed to the bank and jumped into the water without taking off my clothes.听到哭声，我立即冲到岸边，没脱衣服就跳进了水里。
2．The girl's parents were very grateful to me and many people were greatly moved by my deeds.
女孩的父母非常感激我，许多人都被我的行为所感动。
假如你是某中学高一学生赵明，不久前经历了一次地震，你和邻居一起救出了一位受困的老人。请你根据下面四幅图片的顺序，叙述事情的全过程。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：锹，铲spade；担架stretcher
Last Saturday morning，a severe earthquake suddenly happened.
[学生习作]
Last Saturday morning，a severe earthquake suddenly happened.The room began to shake.Meanwhile，someone shouted “Earthquake！”I rushed out of the house.When I had just come out of the house，I heard someone shouting “Help！”My neighbours and I tried to find the one.After a few minutes，we found an old man，his leg was broken but he was alive! We sent him to a safe place and waited for an ambulance.Through this experience，I realize it's important to stay calm in time of danger. 点评：1.作者能够对图画内容进行描述，要点全面，符合写作要求。2.句式结构单一，词汇普通，不能够适当地增添细节。3.感悟单一，不够深刻。
[升格作文]
Last Saturday morning，a severe earthquake suddenly happened.The room began to violently shake.Meanwhile，someone shouted“Earthquake！”Hearing this，I rushed out of the house without hesitation.When I had just come out of the house，I heard someone shouting “Help！”．I，together with other neighbors，tried to find the one trapped in the ruins.After a few minutes，we found an old man，his leg was broken but he was alive! We found a stretcher to send him to a safe place and waited for an ambulance.
Through this experience，I realize it's important to stay calm in time of danger and we should unite and face disasters together.
假定你是李华，你校刚刚举行了一次主题为“欢乐复活节”的活动，其目的是增进大家对英国国家文化的了解。请你根据以下内容给你的英国朋友Peter写一封电子邮件，向他介绍这次活动的情况和你的想法。
时间：12月28日下午2：00－5：00
地点：学校科技楼二楼
参加人员：任何热爱英语的朋友
内容：美国外教Mr.Francher介绍主要英美节日，各种趣味英语游戏；寻找复活节彩蛋(Easter eggs)等。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
I am glad to tell you something about the holiday activity “Happy Easter” held in our school on December 28.
All the best!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I am glad to tell you something about the holiday activity “Happy Easter” held in our school on December 28.
The event，which was intended to enrich our knowledge about English cultures，took place on the second floor of the science building.The participants，most of whom were enthusiastic English learners，played various English language games，including an Easter eggs hunt.Mr.Francher gave us a vivid introduction of the major holidays in both America and Britan.The event began at 2 o'clock in the afternoon，and came to a successful end at 5 p．m.
I must say all of us have learned a lot from this “Happy Easter” activity，which is of great benefit for us English learners.
All the best!
Yours sincerely，
Li HuaSection Ⅱ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.rarely A．n.紧张；焦虑；焦急
( )2.expense B．n.正相反，恰恰相反
( )3.tension C．n.心情，情绪
( )4.mood D．n.国籍
( )5.whisper E．n.名誉，名望
( )6.nationality F．adj.当代的
( )7.reputation G．vi.& vt.悄声说，低语，耳语
( )8.contemporary H．n.天才，天赋；天才人物
( )9.contrary I．n.the money that youspend on sth.
( )10.genius J．adv.not very often
[答案] 1－5 JIACG 6－10 DEFBH
B．短语匹配
( )1.at sb.'s expense A．一系列
( )2.rely on B．使自己忙于做某事
( )3.make an attempt to do sth.
C．正相反
( )4.busy oneself in doing sth.
D．嘲笑某人
( )5.on the contrary E．依赖；信赖
( )6.a series of F．试图做某事
[答案] 1－6 DEFBCA
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．psychological adj. 心理的，精神的
2．embarrassment n. 窘迫，尴尬
3．accidentally adv. 偶然地，意外地
4．encounter vt. 遇到
5．universal adj. 广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的
6．amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的
7．convinced adj. 确信的，信服的
8．attain vt. 得到，获得
9．mostly adv. 主要地；大部分
10．raw adj. 生的
Ⅰ.语境填空
genius；encounter；contrary；whisper；expense；nationality；universal；rarely；scholarship；tension
1．We laughed and that helped ease the tension．
2．Such problems are a universal feature of old age.
3．We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week.
4．There will be people from everywhere，every nationality．
5．The new house really wasn't worth all the expense involved.
6．She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.
7．Contrary to popular belief，many cats dislike milk.
8．She won a scholarship to study at Stanford.
9．Chaplin was not just a genius，he was among the most influential figures in film history.
10．Over half of those questioned said they rarely took any exercise.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Antibiotics should be used to clear up the infection(infect)．
2．The show is very amusing(amuse) and the cast are very good.
3．All applicants will be considered regardless of age，sex，religion or nationality(national)．
4．Though a talented(talent) player，he was completely eclipsed by his brother.
5．It is really great for a radio producer(produce) to create a show like this.
6．The novel is a famous literary creation(create)．
7．She went bright pink with embarrassment(embarrass)．
8．We all shared in her happiness when she won the scholarship(scholar)．
1．He has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations，which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures.
他的著名之处在于总是遇到尴尬的情境，使来自不同国家、不同文化背景的观众都觉得非常好笑。
2．After being seated at his table，Mr.Bean takes out a card，writes a few words on it，puts it in an envelope and places it on the table.
在餐厅里安排就座后，憨豆先生拿出一张卡片，在上面写了几个字，塞进信封，放在桌子上。
3．He makes an attempt to eat it，but it is clear from the look on his face as he is chewing that he finds the taste truly awful.
他尝了尝，从他那咀嚼的表情就能看出，这东西一点都不好吃。
4．If you think that Rowan Atkinson is anything like his famous creation，then you are in for a surprise.
如果你认为罗温·艾金森和他扮演的憨豆先生角色一样，那你一定会感到惊讶。
5．This may explain why he loves fast cars，of which he has many.
这也许是他为什么那么喜欢跑车，而且收藏了很多跑车的原因吧。
词语助读
①internationally adv.国际上的
②recognise vt.承认，公认；辨认出
③character n．人物；角色
④reputation n．名誉；名声
⑤constantly adv.连续地；不断地
⑥encounter vt.遇到
⑦awkward adj.尴尬的；笨拙的
⑧amuse vt.使开心；逗笑
⑨nationality n. 国籍
⑩a series of一系列
purely adv.完全地，纯粹地，仅仅
rely on依赖；依靠
universal adj.广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的
episode n．一集
fancy adj.精美装修的；奢华的
envelope n. 信封
menu n．菜单
astonished adj.吃惊的；惊讶的
count v．数
with concern 担心地；担忧地
steak tartare鞑靼牛肉
shocked adj.震惊的
actually adv.实际上；事实上
make an attempt试图；尝试
chew vi.咀嚼
awful adj.可怕的；糟糕的；极坏的
indicate vt.表明；暗示
busy oneself (in)doing sth.使自己忙于做某事
raw adj.生的
vase n．花瓶
desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的
purse n. 女用手提包；女式钱包
contemporary adj.当代的
comedian n．喜剧演员
screenwriter n．编剧
mostly adv.主要地；大部分
clumsy adj.笨拙的；不灵活的
amusing adj.好笑的，有趣的
creation n. 创造物，作品
on the contrary正相反；与此相反
academic 学术的
award vt.授予；奖励
scholarship n. 奖学金
boarding school寄宿学校
attain vt.得到；获得
obtain vt.获得；得到
stutter n．结巴；口吃
talent n. 天资，天赋，才能
talented adj.有天赋的
have a talent for...有……天赋
occur vi.发生
John Lloyd是一名编剧。1998年参与编剧电视迷你剧《Cold War》。
rarely adv.很少，难得
genius n. 天才，天赋；天才人物
convinced adj.确信的，信服的
convincing adj.令人信服的
原文呈现
MY FAVOURITE COMEDIAN
TEXT 1
Mr Bean
Mr Bean is an internationally① recognised② comedy character③ in films and TV series.He has a reputation④ for constantly⑤ encountering⑥ awkward⑦ situations，which greatly amuses⑧ audiences of all nationalities⑨ and cultures．[1] His humour is always made clear through a series of⑩ simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language[2] that is universal .
[1]which引导非限定性定语从句。
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词acts。
One of my favourite episodes was Mr Bean in a fancy restaurant.After being seated at his table，Mr Bean takes out a card，writes a few words on it，puts it in an envelope and places it on the table.After a moment，he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised，as if he did not know it was there．[3] He opens it to find a birthday card and very happily puts it on the table for everyone to see.
[3]as if引导方式状语从句。
When he looks at the menu ，an astonished look quickly appears on his face.He takes all the money out of his wallet，counts it and puts it in a saucer.He then looks from the menu to the money with concern until he finds one thing that makes him smile．[4] Then he orders a dish called “steak tartare ”．When the dish arrives，he is shocked to discover that “steak tartare” is actually raw hamburger.He makes an attempt to eat it，but it is clear from the look on his face as he is chewing that he finds the taste truly awful .He cannot hide his feelings，except when the waiters ask if everything is all right.When this happens，he smiles and nods，indicating that everything is fine.When the waiters are not looking，however，he busies himself hiding the raw meat anywhere he can reach—the sugar bowl，the tiny flower vase ，inside a bread roll and under a plate.He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him and throws some down the trousers of the restaurant's violinist！[5]
[4]until引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰one thing。
[5]so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”。
I like to watch Mr Bean on TV but I wouldn't want to meet someone like him in real life，and I certainly wouldn't want to have dinner with him!
The Contemporary Chaplin
Rowan Atkinson is an English actor，comedian and screenwriter .In Britain，Mr Atkinson is mostly famous for many successful TV shows but internationally we know him best as the awkward，clumsy ，but always amusing Mr Bean.If you think that Rowan Atkinson is anything like his famous creation ，then you are in for a surprise.On the contrary ，he is nothing like Mr Bean.
Rowan was born on 6 January，1955.He grew up on a farm with his parents and three older brothers.His father was very strict and did not believe in the value of television.
Rowan had a very successful academic career.At the age of 13，he was awarded a scholarship to a boarding school .Later，he studied at Newcastle University where he attained the highest marks in his year.At Oxford，he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering.This may explain why he loves fast cars，of which he has many.[6]
[6]why引导宾语从句；which引导非限定性定语从句。
When Rowan was young，he had a stutter and to make his speech clearer，he began to speak very carefully.This may be why some of his characters have unusual ways of speaking.
As early as primary school，Rowan had already shown a talent for acting，but it was only later at university that he decided to become an actor．[7] A key event occurred one day in 1976 when he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror.“I discovered my face，” he said later.
[7]本句是强调句，强调时间状语。
John Lloyd ，who worked as a producer for BBC Television，says that one rarelyB51 meets someone with such geniusB52，and that when he worked with Atkinson he became convincedB53 that Rowan would be more famous than Charlie Chaplin.
译文参考
我最喜欢的喜剧演员
TEXT 1
憨豆先生
憨豆先生是一个国际知名的影视喜剧人物。他的著名之处在于总是遇到尴尬的情境，使来自不同国家、不同文化背景的观众都觉得非常好笑。憨豆先生的幽默总是通过一连串简单、可笑的动作清晰地表达出来，完全依靠肢体语言这一全世界都能理解的方式。
我喜欢的一集是憨豆先生在一家高档餐厅用餐的故事。在餐厅里安排就座后，憨豆先生拿出一张卡片，在上面写了几个字，塞进信封，放在桌子上。过了一会儿，他再看那信封，露出惊讶的表情，好像完全不知道它在那里。打开信封后，发现是张生日贺卡，他便高兴地把贺卡放在桌上向大家炫耀起来。
看菜单时，憨豆先生脸上立刻露出震惊的表情。他把钱包里所有的钱都拿出来，数了数，放进碟子里。他担心地一会儿看看菜单，一会儿看看钱，最终找到了一种食物，脸上露出了微笑。然后他点了一道“鞑靼牛肉”。可上菜的时候，憨豆先生惊讶地发现“鞑靼牛肉”其实就是生汉堡。他尝了尝，从他那咀嚼的表情就能看出，这东西一点都不好吃。他无法掩饰自己的感觉，除了在服务员问他是否一切满意时。服务员问他的时候，他笑着点点头，装作一切都好的样子。然而，当服务员没有注意的时候，他却忙着把生肉藏在他能够到的任何地方——糖碗、小花瓶、小圆面包里和盘子下面。最后他无计可施，居然把一部分生肉藏在旁边女士的钱包里，塞进餐厅小提琴手的裤子里！
我喜欢看电视里的憨豆先生，却不希望在现实生活中遇到像他这样的人，更不想和他共进晚餐！
TEXT 2
当代卓别林
罗温·艾金森，英国喜剧演员、编剧。艾金森先生在英国的名气主要源于他参演了很多著名影视剧。但在国际上，我们所熟悉的他是那个尴尬、笨拙，总能把人逗乐的憨豆先生。如果你认为罗温·艾金森和他扮演的憨豆先生角色一样，那你一定会感到惊讶。相反，他本人实际上一点也不像憨豆先生。
罗温出生于1955年1月6日，随父母在农场长大，家中有三个哥哥。他的父亲非常严厉，不相信电视的价值。
罗温的学生生涯非常成功。他13岁就获得了一所寄宿学校的奖学金，之后就读于纽卡斯尔大学，并以专业第一名的优异成绩毕业。随后，他又取得牛津大学电机工程硕士学位。这也许是他为什么那么喜欢跑车，而且收藏了很多跑车的原因吧。
罗温小时候有口吃的毛病，为了讲话更清楚，他说话格外仔细。这也是他所塑造的一些角色讲话方式与众不同的原因。
早在小学时，罗温就表现出了表演天赋，但直到大学毕业，他才决定当一名演员。1976 年的一天发生了一件关键的事情，闲玩之中他对着镜子做鬼脸。后来他说，“那天，我发现了自己的另一副面孔。”
制片人约翰·劳埃德说，遇到这样的天才很难得，与罗温的合作使他相信罗温会比查理·卓别林更出名。
速读P14－15课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确、错误，还是没有提及：
1．Mr Bean amuses audiences in England only.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Mr Bean didn't know who wrote the card.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Mr Bean hid some of his raw meat in the purse of a woman.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．You may be surprised to find that Rowan is anything like Mr Bean.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Rowan studied electrical engineering at Newcastle University.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBABB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．where he attained the highest marks in his year
B．of which he has many
C．that “steak tartare” is actually raw hamburger
D．which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures
E．that he finds the taste truly awful
1．Mr Bean has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations， ．
2．When the dish arrives，Mr Bean is shocked to discover ．
3．Mr Bean makes an attempt to eat the“steak tartare”，but it is clear from the look on his face as he is chewing ．
4．Rowan studied at Newcastle University ．
5．That may explain why Rowan loves fast cars， ．
[答案] 1－5 DCEAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
Rowan Atkinson
Personal information He was born on 6 January，1.1955.He was an actor，2.comedian and screenwriter. Acting career At 3.primary school，he had already shown a talent for acting.He decided to become an actor only later at4.university.In 5.1976，when he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror，he decided to become an actor.
Education At the age of 13，he was awarded a 6.scholarship to a boarding school.He attained the highest marks when he studied at 7.Newcastle University.He obtained his master's degree in8.electrical engineering at Oxford. People's comments Rowan is a man with such 9.genius and he will be more famous than 10.Charlie Chaplin.
细读P14－15课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
Text 1
1．Para.1 A．I like to watch Mr Bean but
wouldn't want to have dinner with
him.
2．Para.2 B．His funny scene when he eats
steak tartare.
3．Para.3 C．Brief introduction about Mr Bean.
4．Para.4 D．Amusing scene about a card and
an envelope.
[答案] 1－4 CDBA
Text 2
1．Para.1 A．The reason for his unusual ways of
speaking.
2．Para.2 B．Brief information about Rowan.
3．Para.3 C．Comments on Rowan.
4．Para.4 D．His acting career.
5．Para.5 E．His childhood.
6．Para.6 F．His education.
[答案] 1－6 BEFADC
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．From the passage，which one is NOT true about Mr Bean
A．He can make audience amused.
B．He is a true person in our life.
C．His acts rely on body language.
D．His acts are simple and funny.
2．How did Mr Bean feel when the steak tartare was served
A．Awful. B．Amused.
C．Astonished. D．Funny.
3．Why does Rowan Atkinson love fast cars
A．Because he has a talent for driving.
B．Because he studied electrical engineering at university.
C．Because he can obtain a scholarship.
D．Because he can attain high marks.
4．When did Rowan Atkinson decide to be an actor
A．In 1955. B．At the age of 13.
C．At primary school. D．In 1976.
[答案] 1－4 BCBD
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——表情描写
A．阅读课文中含有表情描写的语句
1．After a moment，he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised...
2．When he looks at the menu，an astonished look quickly appears on his face.
3．When the dish arrives，he is shocked to discover that “steak tartare” is actually raw hamburger.
B．判断下列哪些不是表情描写的语句
1．He opens it to find a birthday card and very happily puts it on the table for everyone to see.
2．He then looks from the menu to the money with concern until he finds one thing that makes him smile.
3．He becames so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him...
[答案] 1，3
1．energy n. 精力；活力→energise vt.使充满活力；使增强决心→energetic adj.精力充沛的
2．infect vt.传染；感染→infection n. 感染；传染
3．amuse vt.使开心；逗笑→amused adj.觉得好笑的；逗乐的→amusing adj.好笑的，有趣的→amusement n. 愉悦；娱乐；消遣
4．astonish vt.使震惊；使惊讶→astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的→astonishment n．震惊；惊讶
5．talent n. 天资，天赋，才能→talented adj.有才能的；有天赋的
6．produce vt.生产，制造；创造→producer n．制作人，制片人；生产者
7．convince vt.使相信，使信服→convinced adj.确信的，信服的→convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
whisper vt.&vi.低语，耳语，悄声说；私下说 n．耳语，私语；传言
①He whispered so softly that none but Julie heard him. 悄声说
②I've heard whispers that he's leaving. 传言
③It was whispered that he would soon die and he did. 私下说
Words and Phrases
whisper vi.&vt.悄声说，低语，耳语；私下说n.耳语；私语；传言
(教材P109)After a while，somebody whispered in my ear: “His name is Cliff，not Richard.”
过了一会儿，有人在我耳边低声说：“他的名字叫克里夫，不是理查德。”
[例] “Can you meet me tonight？”he whispered.
“你今晚能和我见面吗？”他小声问。
[知识拓展]
(1)whisper to sb. 与某人耳语，向某人小声说
whisper sth.in one's ear 附在某人耳朵上说
It is/was whispered that... 据秘密传言……
(2)in a whisper/whispers 低声地
give sb.the whisper 对某人耳语，给某人以暗示
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He whispered to her so that no one else would hear.
②It is whispered that his business is falling.
③They sat at the back of the room，talking in whispers(whisper)．
[小片段填空]
It is whispered that the young man was arrested for robbery.My best friend whispered to me the bad news.He thought that kind of news should be told in whispers．(whisper)
embarrassment n. 窘迫，尴尬
(教材P109)I made a joke about myself and that helped solve all the embarrassments.
我拿自己开了个玩笑，这有助于解决所有的尴尬。
[例] I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that.
他说那话差点儿把我给难堪死了。
[知识拓展]
(1)to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
(2)embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使局促不安
embarrass sb.with sth. 因……使某人尴尬
(3)embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；尴尬的，不好意思的
be embarrassed about/at 对……感到尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人窘迫的，使人难堪的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Don't embarrass them with personal questions.
②She was embarrassed(embarrass) when they kept telling her how clever she was.
③He was still quite embarrassed about what he had done.
expense n. 费用，花费
(教材P109)That way，other people can laugh too，without being rude about laughing at someone else's expense.
这样，其他人也可以笑，而不是粗鲁地嘲笑别人。
[例] I thought it was understood that my expenses would be paid.
我原以为对方已同意支付我的费用。
[知识拓展]
(1)at one's expense 嘲笑某人；由某人付费
at the expense of... 以……为代价；在牺牲……的情况下
spare no expense 不惜一切代价
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的；价格高的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I can't afford it─it's just too expensive(expense) for me.
②Duan Wei's parents have spared no expense to make sure(不惜一切代价确保) she is prepared for college.
③They have built their economies at the expense of the other nations of the world(在牺牲世界上其他国家的情况下)．
amuse vt.使开心；逗笑
(教材P14)He has a reputation for constantly encountering awkward situations，which greatly amuses audiences of all nationalities and cultures.
他的著名之处在于总是遇到尴尬的情境，使来自不同国家、不同文化背景的观众都觉得非常好笑。
[例] My funny drawings amused the kids.
我滑稽的图画把孩子们逗乐了。
[知识拓展]
(1)amuse sb./oneself with 以……自娱
amuse sb.with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
(2)amusement n. 消遣；娱乐；娱乐活动，娱乐用品
in amusement 开心地
to one's (great) amusement 令人感到(极)好笑的是
(3)amusing adj. 有趣的；逗乐的
(4)amused adj. 感到快乐有趣的
be amused at/by 对……感到好笑
sb.be amused to learn that... 某人获悉……觉得好笑
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The boys amused themselves(them) by drawing caricatures of their teacher.
②We were amused at/by the storyteller's jokes.
③We are amused to see(see) that he slid on a banana skin.
④To everyone's amusement(amuse)，the actor fell off the stage.
[小片段填空]
Seeing everyone was amused at the amusing joke，he kept silent，finding it was easier to amuse others than to amuse himself.(amuse)
rely on依赖；信赖
(教材P14)His humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language that is universal.
憨豆先生的幽默总是通过一连串简单、可笑的动作清晰地表达出来，完全依靠肢体语言这一全世界都能理解的方式。
[例] You can't rely on any figures you get from them.
你不能相信从他们那儿得到的任何数据。
[知识拓展]
rely on＋n./doing... 指望/依靠……
rely on sb./sth.doing/to do... 指望……做……
rely on it that... 指望……
[名师点津]
rely on的同义短语：depend on/upon，count on/upon。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not having found a better way，we had to rely on him to be the interpreter.
②The success of this project relies on everyone making/to make(make) an effort.
③You can rely on it that it will rain tomorrow.
astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的
(教材P14)When he looks at the menu，an astonished look quickly appears on his face.
看菜单时，憨豆先生脸上立刻露出震惊的表情。
[例] He was astonished to learn he'd won the competition.
他听说他比赛赢了，感到很惊讶。
[知识拓展]
(1)astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊
astonish sb.with/by sth. 用某事使某人惊讶
be astonished at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished that 对……感到惊讶
It astonishes sb.that 令某人惊讶的是……
(2)astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的
(3)astonishment n. 惊诧，令人惊讶的事
to one's astonishment 使某人惊讶的是
in astonishment 吃惊地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I find it quite astonishing(astonish) that none of you like the play.
②To our astonishment(astonish) the little boy swam across the river.
③It astonished me that no one has thought of this before.
[小片段填空]
To my astonishment，they seemed astonished at the news，and looked at me in astonishment．(astonished)
contrary n．正相反，恰恰相反 adj.相反的；相对立的
(教材P15)On the contrary，he is nothing like Mr.Bean.
相反，他本人实际上一点也不像憨豆先生。
[例] In the end the contrary was proved true: he was innocent and she was guilty.
最后证明事实正好相反：他是无辜的，而她则有罪。
[知识拓展]
on the contrary 正相反；恰恰相反
(be) contrary to sth. 与某物相反
to the contrary 相反的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You think you are clever，on the contrary，I assure that you are very foolish.
②This is something quite contrary to my expectations.
③I will go on with my work unless I get the order to the contrary.
talent n. 天资，天赋，才能
(教材P15)As early as primary school，Rowan had already shown a talent for acting...
早在小学时，罗温就表现出了表演天赋……
[例] She showed considerable talent for getting what she wanted.
她很有天资，能够心想事成。
[知识拓展]
have a talent/gift for 有……才能
talented adj. 有天赋的，有才能的
be talented/gifted in/at 有天才的，有天赋的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She is proud that both her children have a talent for music.
②These talented(talent)and energetic young citizens could surely be doing something more useful.
③She is talented in singing.
convinced adj.确信的，信服的
(教材P15)...and that when he worked with Atkinson he became convinced that Rowan would be more famous than Charlie Chaplin.
……与罗温的合作使他相信罗温会比查理·卓别林更出名。
[例] Sam nodded but he didn't look convinced.
萨姆点了点头，可他看起来并不信服。
[知识拓展]
(1)be convinced of sth./that 确信
(2)convince vt. 使确信；使信服
convince sb.of sth./that 使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
a convincing victory/win 大比分获胜
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I convinced him of her honesty.
②He has been trying to convince her to see(see) a doctor.
③We were convinced of the truth of the report.
④There is now convincing(convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
Sentence Pattern
so...that...句型
(教材P15)He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him and throws some down the trousers of the restaurant's violinist!
最后他无计可施，居然把一部分生肉藏在旁边女士的钱包里，塞进餐厅小提琴手的裤子里！
句式分析：本句中包含了“so...that...”固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
[例1] The plane hit so hard that one engine was buried 16 feet underground.
飞机猛烈撞击地面，致使一个引擎陷到了地下16英尺处。
[例2] The problem was so difficult that none of us could work it out.
这道题如此的难以至于我们没有人做出来。
[知识拓展]
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋that...
so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that...
so＋much/little(少)＋不可数名词＋that...
(2)such＋a(n)＋ adj.＋单数可数名词＋that...
such＋adj.＋复数名词＋that...
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Kathy is so lovely that we all like playing with her.
②There is so much work to do that I won't be able to take off this year.
③It was such bad weather that we stayed at home all the day.
1．His humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language that is universal.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句，that rely purely on...是that引导的定语从句修饰先行词acts；that is universal是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词body language。
[翻译] 憨豆先生的幽默总是通过一连串简单、可笑的动作清晰地表达出来，完全依靠肢体语言这一全世界都能理解的方式。
2．He makes an attempt to eat it，but it is clear from the look on his face as he is chewing that he finds the taste truly awful.
[分析] 本句是but引导的并列句，but表示转折；as he is chewing是as引导的时间状语从句；it is clear中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that he finds the taste truly awful。
[翻译] 他尝了尝，从他那咀嚼的表情就能看出，这东西一点都不好吃。
教材 高考
1.I made a joke about myself and that helped solve all the embarrassments. (2020·江苏卷)Quality counts less than attitude and effort — even stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment.
2.That way，other people can laugh too，without being rude about laughing at someone else's expense. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Too often，when you stand up to give a speech，you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”
3.His humour is alwaysmade clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language that is universal. (2020·江苏卷)Then，on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab，each man walked for an hour at an average speed that，in theory，should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.
4.When he looks at the menu，an astonished look quickly appears on his face. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Was it in 1948 that the Government took over the railways in Great Britain
2．It is such an interesting book that all of us want to read it.
3．I find life more charming and more astonishing(astonish) than I'd ever dreamed.
4．We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here.
5．I fail to see why you find the joke so amusing(amuse)．
6．She spared no expense to make(make)the party a great success.
7．He wore an embarrassed(embarrass) expression when he heard the news.
8．I heard them talk in whispers all the time at the meeting.
9．This news had convinced him of the popularity of his novel.
10．Everyone is good at something，but some people are truly talented(talent)．
Ⅱ.短语填空
at my expense；rely on；make an attempt to do sth.；busy oneself in doing sth.；on the contrary；a series of
1．This will only give others a new excuse for laughter at my expense．
2．It's no trouble at all；on the contrary，it will be a great pleasure to help you.
3．You may rely on him that he is capable of calculating of the events accurately.
4．I busied myself in cleaning the room when you telephoned me yesterday.
5．He made an attempt to pass the exam，but it was too difficult.
6．A series of discussion groups has been timetabled for the afternoons.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Rowan Atkinson is best known 1.for the dizzy，awkward，clumsy，but always 2.amusing(amuse) Mr Bean.He was born on January 6，1955，and spent his early years 3.on the family farm.While still at primary school，Rowan had already shown 4.admirable(admire) acting talent.At Oxford，he 5.obtained(obtain) his master's degree in electrical 6.engineering(engineer)．Rowan's career change from an electrical engineer to a famous 7.comedian(comedy) was partly due to some 8.speaking(speak) problems he had in his childhood.He is in the 9.presence(present) of genius.He would be more famous 10.than Chaplin.
副词
[观察例句]
1．I went to the park yesterday.
2．Ben often goes to the cinema with his friend.
3．He played basketball here yesterday.
4．He is writing his letter carefully.
5．The shoes are too dear.
[归纳用法]
一、时间副词
1．常见的时间副词
常见的时间副词有now(现在；立刻；目前；马上；其时；当时)，then(当时；那时；接着；于是；然后；还有；而且；那么；因此)，soon(不久；即刻；马上；宁可；宁愿) ago(以前)，recently(最近；近来)，lately(近来；最近；不久前)，later(较晚地；后来)，finally(最后；终于；完全地)，before(先前；从前；以前)，early(早；先；在初期；在早期)，today(今天)，tomorrow(明天)，yesterday(昨天)，tonight(今晚)，suddenly(意外地；忽然；冷不防)，immediately(即刻；马上；直接地)，already(已经)，just(刚刚) 等。
2．时间副词在句中的位置
表确定时间的副词(如today，yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首。
He went home yesterday./Yesterday he went home.他昨天回家了。
而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon，recently，suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实义动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)。
He went to Paris recently./ He recently went to Paris./Recently he went to Paris.
最近他去了巴黎。
二、地点副词
1．常见的地点副词
常见的地点副词有here(在这里；向这里；到这里；这是；现在；在这一点上)，there(在那里；往那里；那里；那个；在那一点上；关于那一点)，up(成直立姿势；起床；向上；向北；在北部；完全地；彻底地)，down(向下；在下面；往南)，away(远处；离开)，nearby(附近地) home(家)，ahead(在某人或某事物的前面)，abroad(离口侧；对口侧)，indoors(在室内；往室内)，overseas(在[向]海外；在[向]国外)，halfway(半途；中间)，upstairs(在楼上；往楼上)，downstairs(在楼下) 等。
2．地点副词在句中的位置
地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词并列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前。
Can you help to carry this table upstairs
你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗？
The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.
这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。
三、方式副词
1．方式副词的特点
方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以 ly结尾的副词都是方式副词，如carefully(仔细地；周密地；警惕地)，happily(快乐地；满意地；幸运地；幸好)，quietly(轻声地；安静地；静止地；寂静地；在暗中；秘密地；不张扬地)，heavily(严重地；大量地)，warmly(温暖地；亲切地；热烈地；热情地；热心地)，correctly(正确地；得体地)politely(有礼貌地；客气地；委婉地)，angrily(愤怒地；生气地) 等。
2．方式副词在句中的位置
(1)方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后。
He read the letter slowly.
他从容不迫地看了那封信。
(2)方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间。
He quickly got dressed.
他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter.
他很生气，把信撕碎了。
(3)有的方式副词(如bravely，cleverly，cruelly，foolishly，generously，kindly，secretly，simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化。
They secretly decided to leave the town.
他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly.
他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
四、频度副词
1．频度副词的特点
频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见的有always(总是；永远)，continually(不停地；持续地)，frequently(频繁地)，occasionally(偶尔)，often(经常)，once(一次；曾经)，twice(两次；两倍)，periodically(定期地)，repeatedly(重复地；再三地)，sometimes(有时候)，usually(通常)，ever(在任何时候；在某时；有时；从来)，hardly ever(几乎从不；很少)，never(从不；永不；从来没有)，rarely(不常；很少地)，scarcely ever(仅仅；几乎不)，seldom(很少)等。
2．频度副词在句中的位置
(1)频度副词通常位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。
He often comes to see us.
他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school.
他上学很少迟到。
(2)在简略答语中，当频度副词与be动词、助动词或情态动词位于句末时，频度副词必须前置。
—Philip is late again.
—Yes，he always is.
——菲利普又迟到了。
——是的，他总是迟到。
—Can you park your car near the shops
—Yes.I usually can.
——你可以在商店附近停车吗？
——是的，通常可以。
五、程度副词
1．程度副词的特点
程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly(公平地；诚实地)，pretty(相当)，rather(在一定的程度上；相当)，quite(完全地；整体地；十分地；同意；不错；对的)，very(完全；非常；十分；极)，much(十分；差不多；几乎)，too(太；再)，greatly(大大地；非常)，almost(几乎；差不多；差一点；将近)，nearly(几乎；差不多)，half(一半)，highly(高度地；极；非常；非常赞许地)，awfully(<口>恶劣地；令人嫌恶地；<古>令人畏惧地)，deeply(在深处；到深处；强烈地；深刻地；精心地；巧妙地)，partly(部分地；不完全地；在一定的程度上)，perfectly(完美地；理想地；完全地；十足地)，really(真正地；确实地；实际地；很；十分；全然)等。
2．程度副词在句中的位置
(1)程度副词用在实义动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
I almost forgot to bring my key.
我差点忘记带钥匙。
(2)程度副词用在形容词或副词前，enough除外。
He drives very carefully.
他驾驶很小心。
(3)程度副词much(...得多)，even(更加)可在形容词或副词的比较级之前作修饰语。
This question is much more difficult than that one.
这个问题比那个问题难多了。
六、连接副词
1．连接副词的分类
连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore(因此；为此；所以)，besides(而且；还有)，however(然而)，moreover(此外；而且)，still(仍然；依旧；还是)，thus(如此；这样)，meanwhile(同时；其间)等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when(什么时候)，why(为什么)，where(在哪里)，how(怎么样) 等。
2．连接句子或从句的连接副词
其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)。
I don't like it；besides，it's too expensive.
我不喜欢它；而且，它也太贵了。
3．引导从句和不定式的连接副词
用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when，why，where，how等。
Tell me when we shall leave./ Tell me when to leave.告诉我什么时候离开。
I don't know how I can find him./ I don't know how to find him.
我不知道如何找到他。
Where we can get the money is just our problem./ Where to get the money is just our problem.
到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。
That's why he speaks English so well.
那就是他的英语讲得这么好的原因。
七、关系副词
关系副词的特点
关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when(什么时候)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)。
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.
星期日是很少人上班的日子。
That's the reason why he dislikes me.
这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals
你知道在哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗？
八、疑问副词
疑问副词的特点
疑问副词有when(什么时间)，where(在那里)，why(为什么)，how(怎么样) 等，用于引出特殊疑问句。
Where do you come from
你是哪里人？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Sixteen years earlier(early)，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring.
②They gave money to the old people's home either personally(personal) or through their companies.
③The girl used to be shy，but is gradually(gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
④Henry was away from home for quite a bit and rarely(rare) saw his family.
⑤As the small boat moved gently(gentle) along the river，he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was formerly(former) alive.
2．Of all the students，Linda draws most(much) carefully.
3．I'm waiting for the mail.Do you know when it will arrive
4．It's certainly(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
5．Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly(regular)．
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Questioning can lead to 1.searching(search)for an answer.If we are in the habit of 2.raising(raise) doubts as to whether what we are told is true，we can find the correct answer and learn more.
Two years 3.ago，our teacher offered us an answer to a difficult math problem in class.Although the answer seemed 4.a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.Thinking that his 5.solution(solve) might be wrong.I 6.carefully(careful) analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.Half an hour 7.later(late)，I managed to find the correct answer.8.When I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my 9.independent(independence) thinking.
From this experience I have learnt that 10.questioning(question) can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.课时分层作业(一)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The speaker announced(宣布) the establishment of a new college yesterday.
2．Another doctor examined(检查) her and could still find nothing wrong.
3．We waited and waited，she looked at me innocently(无辜地)．
4．She had no appetite(胃口)，and merely toyed with the bread and cheese.
5．These people lack all understanding of scientific(科学的) principles.
6．It was a question which deserved(应受到) serious consideration.
7．Tests include measurement(测量) of height，weight，and blood pressure.
8．The collector knew that he had latched onto a rare antique(古董)．
9．Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in astronomy(天文学)．
10．She had been faithful(忠实的) to her promise to guard this secret.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
It is widely believed that humour is good for your health.However，most studies on humour and health show that by watching something humorous—comedy films，for example—you can just escape from the pain for a short time，or that humour just helps reduce signs of a disease.So far，no study has shown that humour can help a person recover from a serious illness.
One way to study the relationship between humour and health is looking at the health of people who use humour as part of their jobs: comedians and improv(即兴表演) artists，for example.Not only do they use humour as part of their work，but also they show the highest levels of humour ability.So if humour is really good for our health，we can anticipate that comedians benefit the most from it.
Although it is often said that humour can make people live longer，research has actually found the opposite to be true.One study found that comedians and humour writers actually died younger compared with other famous people who were not performers.However，these studies were somewhat limited，because most of the comedians were men and already dead.And many famous people often live very unhealthy lives，and the comedians might have died from reasons such as heavy drinking or smoking.
My colleagues and I decided to take a different way.We collected data(数据) from 491 improv artist students—224 women and 267 men—all alive.We compared this improv group with 795 non comedians，who were matched in age，sex，and education.
We asked participants from both groups to tell us how many diseases they had had in the past three years and how long they had lasted.The improv artists reported that they had had many more diseases，and that these diseases had lasted longer compared with the control group.So our study adds further evidence to the conclusion made by the studies before.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人们普遍认为幽默对我们的健康有益，但研究发现，幽默对我们健康的益处并没有那么大。
1．What do most studies on humour and health show about humour
A．It doesn't really reduce signs of diseases.
B．It just helps reduce people's pain for a while.
C．It can't really make people feel comfortable.
D．It can help one recover from a serious disease.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，most studies on humour and health show that by watching something humorous—comedy films，for example—you can just escape from the pain for a short time”可知，幽默只能暂时帮助人们减轻痛苦。]
2．What does the underlined word “anticipate” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Predict. B．Notice.
C．Understand. D．Explain.
A [词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“So if humour is really good for our health”可知，在这种情况下，我们应该“预测”喜剧演员从幽默中受益最大。]
3．What can we know about the improv artists from the author's research
A．They had more unhealthy habits.
B．They benefited more from humour.
C．They were more likely to get diseases.
D．They did better in taking care of themselves.
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The improv artists reported that they had had many more diseases，and that these diseases had lasted longer compared with the control group.”可知，跟一般人相比，这些喜剧演员更容易得疾病。]
B
Aunt Fannie was Blueberry Jam Woman.Of course she wasn't really my aunt，and out of fear，I never called that to her face.The name always made my father chuckle(轻笑) and my mother look sternly(严厉地) at both of us—at me for being disrespectful，and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior.I enjoyed both reactions，so I looked for every opportunity to work for the name into conversation.
As a young woman，my mother had worked in the kitchen of a large Victorian farm house owned by Fannie Cratty.Fannie was the last of the Cratty line；she had never married，and had no living heirs(继承人)．My father once told me that it was because she was too mean to share her family wealth or pass it on.Aunt Fannie was noted for her jam，and for never sharing the recipe with another living soul.Even though my mother knew it by heart，as long as Aunt Fannie was alive，she never made the jam without Miss Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.
One year，after I had been particularly helpful with the jam making process.Aunt Fannie gave me a quarter and then made me promise I would never spend it.“Hold onto this quarter，” she said，“and some day you will be rich.I still have my first very quarter.” It had obviously worked for her，so I put that 1938 quarter in a small box，put it in my dresser drawer，and waited to become rich.
I now have the blueberry jam recipe and the quarter from Aunt Fannie.Neither has significantly contributed to my wealth，but I keep them to remind myself to hold onto the valuable things in life.Money can make you feel rich for a while，but it is your relationships，and your memories of time spent with friends and family，that truly leave you wealthy.And that is a fortune that anyone can build.
【语篇解读】 作者通过讲述Fannie姨妈和她的蓝莓酱配方，向我们说明金钱只可以暂时让人感觉富有，唯有和他人的关系以及和朋友、家人们一起度过的美好时光才会让我们变得真正富有。
4．Where did the “fear” mentioned in the first paragraph come from
A．That year's blueberry harvest had been poor.
B．Aunt Fannie was too old to keep making jam.
C．The author's mother couldn't help Aunt Fannie harvest the blueberries.
D．The author knew it was impolite to call Aunt Fannie Blueberry Jam Woman.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Aunt Fannie was Blueberry Jam Woman.Of course she wasn't really my aunt，and out of fear，I never called that to her face.The name always made my father chuckle and my mother look sternly at both of us—at me for being disrespectful，and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior.”可推知，第一段提到作者出于“恐惧”，是因为作者知道称呼Fannie阿姨“蓝莓果酱女士”是不礼貌的。故选D。]
5．From the second paragraph we learn that ．
A．Aunt Fannie had no children
B．Aunt Fannie was willing to share her recipe
C．the author often helped Aunt Fannie make jam
D．the author's mother always made the jam alone
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中“she had never married，and had no living heirs.”可知她从未结过婚，也没有继承人。由此可知，Fannie姨妈没有孩子。故选A。]
6．What did the author's mother feel towards Aunt Fannie
A．Disgusted. B．Surprised.
C．Affectionate. D．Disappointed.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段中“The name always made my father chuckle and my mother look sternly at both of us—at me for being disrespectful，and at my father for encouraging my bad behavior.”以及第二段中“Even though my mother knew it by heart，as long as Aunt Fannie was alive，she never made the jam without Miss Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.”可推知，作者的妈妈不允许丈夫和作者不礼貌地称呼Fannie姨妈“蓝莓果酱女士”，以及虽然已经知道果酱的做法，还是要在Fannie姨妈在场的时候才制作这种果酱，可推知，作者的母亲对Fannie姨妈很有感情。故选C。]
7．What does the author try to tell us
A．To make new friends easily.
B．Not to put a price on generosity.
C．Not to think of kindness as a burden.
D．To treasure the time spent with family and friends.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Neither has significantly contributed to my wealth，but I keep them to remind myself to hold onto the valuable things in life.Money can make you feel rich for a while，but it is your relationships，and your memories of time spent with friends and family，that truly leave you wealthy.And that is a fortune that anyone can build.”可推知，作者想告诉我们要珍惜与家人和朋友在一起的时间。故选D。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Simple Ways to Build Trust
The most valuable thing you can have is trust.When there is no trust，it becomes hard to get anything done. 1 Then think of another one with very little trust.
Which one do you prefer
We can all be better off with more trust in our lives.And I'm going to show you a few things you can do to build trust.
Be honest.Honesty is the basis of any relationship.Be true to your word and keep your promises.
Share honest information，even if it's to your disadvantage.
Ask open ended questions. 2 Open ended questions give your friends chances to tell you about themselves.Ask more questions based on the answers that you get.
Don't be perfect.There is always something fishy(可疑的) about someone who seems to have everything going for them. 3 This sends a message that you're not hiding anything and that you want to build trust.
Say what you mean. 4 When you build up a reputation of saying what you mean，people don't have to second guess what you're trying to say.This helps you win trust.
Don't blame others. 5 Be brave to take responsibility and then decide what you're going to do next.Don't waste the present thinking about the past which can't be changed.A person that doesn't blame gets the trust of others quickly.
A．If you think it's a bad idea，say so.
B．When things go wrong，don't point the finger at them.
C．Value long term relationships more than short term success.
D．Don't waste your energy hiding your mistakes or weaknesses.
E．Think of one of your relationships where there is a lot of trust.
F．Learn more about your friends and be interested in their answers.
G．Trust may be the most important part in successful relationships.
【语篇解读】 文章主要介绍了建立信任的简单方法。
1．E [根据后文内容“Then think of another one with very little trust.”句中含有then(然后，顺序副词)可知，设空句已经提及了“think of；trust”。选项E符合语境分析。故选E项。]
2．F [根据空前小标题“Ask open ended questions.”以及后文“Open ended questions give your friends chances to tell you about themselves.”可知本段在讲述用开放式问题来了解朋友，选项F贴合主题，符合语境。]
3．D [根据后文“This sends a message that you're not hiding anything and that you want to build trust.”可知，设空句应提及“hiding”，且对应该句中的主语“this”，选项D出现“hiding”，且整句为“this”指代内容，符合语境分析。故选D项。]
4．A [根据小标题“Say what you mean.”可知，本段主要强调与人交流说话时要直接且真实。选项A贴合主题，符合语境。]
5．B [根据小标题“Don't blame others.”可知，本段主要强调不要把错误指责到其他人身上。选项B贴合主题，符合语境。故选B项。]
1/6课时分层作业(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Are you planning to start your next international business presentation(讲座) with a little joke to break the ice Well，you might want to reconsider.
The story is told of a businessman who gave a speech in a foreign country through an interpreter(口译员)．Without warning the interpreter，he told a joke during the presentation.The interpreter knew the joke would not translate，so she said，“This man just told a joke that he thinks is funny，but it does not translate well，and you will not find it funny at all.So，when I stop talking，everyone please just laugh.”
The audience did indeed laugh aloud，but not for the reason the speaker supposed.The businessman was so pleased with the first result that he went on to tell another joke.
Each culture has different understandings of humour.What may be funny in one culture can be far from funny in another.
For example，while living in Chile，I often tried to share great jokes from the United States，only to be met with questions like，“Oh，is that a joke Is that funny in your country？” Similarly，Chileans shared their own popular jokes that were not always funny to me.
In September 2001，Professor Richard Wiseman and the British Association for the Advancement of Science created a project called LaughLab in order to find the world's funniest joke.And in one year，LaughLab received more than 40，000 jokes.
The following joke is considered the world's funniest joke by LaughLab：
“Two hunters are out in the woods when one of them falls down.He doesn't seem to be breathing.The other man calls the emergency services.He says，‘My friend is dead! What can I do？’The operator says，‘Calm down.I can help.First，let's make sure he's dead.’There is a silence，then a shot(枪声) is heard.Back on the phone，the guy says，‘OK，now what？’”
If you decide you must share a joke or two in another country，ask the opinion of your interpreter first.Otherwise，the joke may be on you.
【语篇解读】 幽默与文化紧密相联，不同文化的幽默方式不同，对幽默的理解也不同。
1．Why did the audience laugh
A．The joke was funny.
B．They were told to do so.
C．The interpreter made a mistake.
D．The businessman was humorous.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“when I stop talking，everyone please just laugh”可知，口译员告诉听众这个笑话没办法翻译，所以等自己停止说话后，观众大笑即可。]
2．How did the businessman feel after finishing the joke
A．Stupid. B．Strange.
C．Moved. D．Encouraged.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The businessman was so pleased with the first result that he went on to tell another joke.”可知，讲完笑话，看到观众都大笑了，这个商人深受鼓舞又讲了一个笑话。]
3．Why does the author mention his own experience
A．To show Chileans are impolite.
B．To show humour is related to culture.
C．To show Chileans have no sense of humour.
D．To show it's hard to understand American humour.
B [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Each culture has different understandings of humour.”以及在第五段中作者分享了自己在智利的经历可知，他举自己的例子是为了说明幽默与文化息息相关。]
4．Why does the hunter shoot his friend
A．His friend is in great pain.
B．The operator asks him to do so.
C．He is too worried to know what to do.
D．He misunderstands the meaning of “make sure”．
D [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The operator says，‘Calm down.I can help.First，let's make sure he's dead.’”可知，那个猎人之所以射杀了自己的朋友，是因为误解了接线员口中make sure的含义。]
B
As a child，visiting the zoo was more a punishment than a treat.I didn't find the chimps' tea parties funny，nor the bird shows entertaining.Feeding time for seals was less painful，but their performances still seemed like they belonged more in a circus.
And I hated circuses，especially the animal acts — men teasing lions，girls balancing on elephants and monkeys playing football.I knew that every trick a circus animal did was unnatural，achieved through strict training and quite possibly cruelty.
Happily，during my lifetime public attitudes and the law have changed.Circuses using wild animals are now almost extinct，and zoos have definitely evolved.
When my children were young，I occasionally took them to our local zoo.The elephants were in tiny cages and the gorillas looked bored as they sat peeling bananas and staring at teasing visitors.Each cage had a sign which listed the animal's name and where it came from.But，back then，there was little information included about the environmental challenges they faced.
As a result，environmentalists and animal lovers often oppose zoos.“Animals belong in the wild，” is a common — and understandable complaint.But what do the animals themselves prefer
Generally speaking，zoo animals have a longer life.But you may protest — they are not free.What Free to be hunted and killed，free to die of hunger or thirst Maybe sitting in a cage eating bananas isn't so bad.
Not that such conditions are acceptable in modern zoos，due to the work of BIAZA，the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums.These days every zoo requires BIAZA's approval to operate，and the association sets the standards，observes conditions in zoos and develops animal research programmes，both in the UK and abroad.BIAZA also organizes the animal exchanges between zoos all over the world.
Consequently，today，most zoo animals are born and raised in zoos，live in large，comfortable enclosures and are cared for by well trained，knowledgeable and caring zoo employees.Of course it's no substitute for living in the wild but unfortunately this isn't always possible.Meanwhile，why not visit your local zoo and decide for yourself
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了现在的动物园已经不同于往日，现在的动物园条件改善了很多，动物能被很好地照顾并且能够舒适地生活。
5．From Paragraph 2，we can guess that the writer believes circus animals ．
A．should have been placed in zoos
B．were not treated well by their trainers
C．were not as intelligent as those in zoos
D．had much shorter lives than those in the wild
B [推理判断题。根据第二段“I knew that every trick a circus animal did was unnatural，achieved through strict training and quite possibly cruelty.”可知，作者认为马戏团的动物没有受到训练员的善待，故选B。]
6．Which of the following statements about zoos would the writer probably agree with
A．Zoo animals should be freed into the wild.
B．Zoos are more popular now than in the past.
C．Zoo animals are more restricted than in the past.
D．Zoos now provide caring living conditions for animals.
D [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“These days every zoo requires BIAZA's approval to operate，and the association sets the standards，observes conditions in zoos and develops animal research programmes，both in the UK and abroad.BIAZA also organizes the animal exchanges between zoos all over the world.”和最后一段“Consequently，today，most zoo animals are born and raised in zoos，live in large，comfortable enclosures and are cared for by well trained，knowledgeable and caring zoo employees.”可知，动物园现在为动物提供关爱的生活条件。故选D。]
7．What is the best title for the text
A．Zoos Are Improving
B．Zoos or Circuses
C．Closing Down Circuses
D．Life of Animals
A [标题归纳题。文章前面讲述了以前马戏团和动物园的动物受到的不好的待遇，后面部分讲述了现在动物园为动物提供的舒适的生存条件和照顾。所以本文讲述的是动物园正在改善，“Zoos Are Improving”概括了文章内容，适合作为标题。故选A。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When she was twelve years old，Raha earned a scholarship to study at a boarding school in England.Her father told her to study hard and practice running every day in England.She nodded because that is much easier than staying happy in a completely new country.Several days later，she kissed her family and boarded the plane for England.As the plane took off，she looked out of the window at the goats and brown rivers of Kenya.She stared down at the green fields where she used to run like the wind，barefoot (赤脚的)．
At school in England，Raha had lots of math problems to solve，essays to write，and books to read.She also joined in the school running team.They were preparing for an important running race，in which runners from different schools took part.In order to practice running，her coach gave her a striped shirt，white shorts，shoes with cleats (防滑钉) and another pair with spongy soles (吸水鞋底) for cross country.Honestly speaking，she had always run barefoot at home，so the shoes felt tight (紧的)．But all the other runners wore shoes and Raha didn't want to be different.
The team practiced every weekday afternoon.On Saturdays，everyone watched football—everyone but Raha.She would run alone on the country roads barefoot and run over fields thick with mud just as in her hometown.Each day at lunch，she would sit alone in the large dining hall，eating dishes totally strange to her and missing her family.
One Saturday，Raha ran up a hill and found herself in a barnyard (谷仓前的空场地)．To her surprise，one of her classmates，Thomas，stood just inside the barn doors.After he greeted her，Raha asked，“Why aren't you watching football？”“I have to help my father，” said Thomas，“but why aren't you wearing your shoes？”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
On hearing this question，Raha felt awkward.
On the day of the race，all the runners were wearing professional suits and shoes，except Raha.
【参考范文】
On hearing this question，Raha felt awkward.However，she collected her courage to tell him the truth.“You are used to running barefoot That's amazing.” said Thomas，“But everybody has his way to do something，so just run in your own way.” Then he expressed his admiration and support to her.Raha was moved to tears the instant she heard what Thomas said.She also felt warm and encouraged.From then on，she devoted herself to practicing running every day，barefoot.
On the day of the race，all the runners were wearing professional suits and shoes，except Raha.She stood on the lane，barefoot.However，she was not feeling ashamed because that was her way to run.“Come on，Raha，you can make it！” It was Thomas who was cheering for her.Suddenly，she felt more confident.At last，she won the first prize and brought honor to her school.From then on，she could not only concentrate on studying and running，but she also stayed happy in the new school.
6/61．The sense of humour is a sense.
—Li，JiBolun
幽默感就是分寸感。
——黎·纪泊伦
2．The humour and wit is the flash of wisdom.
—Shakespeare
幽默风趣是智慧的闪现。
——莎士比亚
3．The humour comes from wisdom，verbal abuse from incompetence.
—Pine forest
幽默来自智慧，恶语来自无能。
——松林
4．Humour is not willing to institutional absurdity.
—Usher
幽默是不肯正经其事的荒谬感。
——厄谢尔
Humour is very important，it can adjust the atmosphere，making things work easily.Life needs humour，without humour，life would be boring.Foreign people like to make friends with humorous people，they can feel relax when they are chatting，while most Chinese people are always taking things too seriously.
Laugh and the world laughs with you.Even better，you might live longer，a Norwegian researcher reports.Adults who have a sense of humour outlive those who don't find life funny，and the survival edge is particularly large for people with cancer，says Sven Svebak of the medical school at Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
He released his study of about 54，000 Norwegians，tracked for seven years，at the American Psychosomatic Society meeting.At the start，patients filled out questionnaires on how easily they found humour in real life situations and how important a humorous perspective was.
The greater a role humour plays in their lives，the greater their chances of surviving the seven years，Svebak says.Adults who scored in the top one quarter for humour appreciation were 35% more likely to be alive than those in the bottom quarter，he says.In a group of 2，015 who had a cancer diagnosis at the start，a great sense of humour cut someone's chances of death by about 70% compared with adults with a poor sense of humour，Svebak says.
[探究发现]
1．What is Sven Svebak
A professor in the medical school at Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
2．How did Sven Svebak carry out his study
By questionnaire and comparison.
